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Agag S, Medrouh B, Khaled H, Medkour H, Leulmi H, Djeghim H, Kaidi R, Khelef D, Medkour H. Prevalence and associated risk factors of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies in dairy cattle herds using bulk tank milk analysis in Kabylia area, north Algeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:106. [PMID: 38507146 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, or Q fever agent, has notable implications for human and livestock health. Infections in cattle primarily manifest through reproductive issues where infected animals shed the bacterium in birth fluids, placental tissues, and milk, serving as potential sources of transmission. Bovine herds become reservoirs, contributing to the environmental contamination of farming areas. Comprehensive studies on the prevalence, transmission routes, and associated risk factors among cattle contribute to the development of effective control strategies, ultimately safeguarding both livestock and public health.Here we determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies against in dairy cattle farms from Kabylia (northern Algeria) and identify the associated risk factors. Bulk tank milk samples from 184 farms were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique, 49 of them were tested positive which corresponds to a prevalence rate of 26.63% (95% CI 20.25-33.01%). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression showed that the risk factors associated with detection of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies are: cohabitation of cattle with small ruminants(OR = 3.74 95% CI [1.41-8.92]), exposure to prevailing winds (OR = 5.12 95% CI [2.11-13.45]), and the veterinarian visits frequency(OR = 5.67 95% CI [2.55-13.60]). These findings underscore the susceptibility of dairy cattle to Q fever in the Kabylia region, highlighting practices that pose risks. We recommend the implementation of hygienic measures and adherence to proper farming conditions to mitigate the transmission of Q fever and reduce the associated zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Agag
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
- Faculty of natural sciences, life sciences, earth and the universe, 8 mai 1945 University, Guelma, Guelma, 24000, Algeria.
| | - Bachir Medrouh
- Livestock Management, Production and Animal Health Division, Agro-Pastoralism Research Center (CRAPast), Djelfa, 17000, Algeria
| | - Hamza Khaled
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
| | - Hacène Medkour
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Hamza Leulmi
- Qista Techno Bam, Avenue Philibert, 13100, Aix-En-Provence, France
| | - Hanene Djeghim
- Biochimestry laboratory, biotechnology research center, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- High national veterinary school Rabie Bouchama, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hecène Medkour
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
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Hernández-Agudelo JM, Bartolotti C, Tejeda C, Tomckowiak C, Soto JP, Steuer P, Ulloa F, Salgado M. Molecular and serological prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in bovine dairy herds in southern Chile: A PCR and ELISA-based assessment of bulk tank milk samples. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107008. [PMID: 37634684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is a highly resilient zoonotic bacterium responsible for Q fever, a disease which occurs worldwide, with the exception of New Zealand. However, in Chile, the prevalence and impact of C. burnetii in cattle herds remain poorly understood due to limited research. This study aimed to assess the presence of C. burnetii in dairy cattle herds in southern Chile, using two diagnostic methods on bulk tank milk samples. The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of C. burnetii infection in the analyzed herds. Of the 271 milk tank samples tested, 76% (208/271, CI: 71.1-81.5) tested positive using ELISA, while 73% (200/271, CI: 68.0-78.8) tested positive using qPCR. These findings indicate a significant presence of C. burnetii in the cattle herds studied. Despite the high prevalence observed, no new Q fever outbreaks have been reported in the study area. This discrepancy highlights the need for further research to better understand the transmission dynamics, environmental factors, and livestock management practices associated with C. burnetii infection. These studies will contribute to the development of effective prevention and control strategies and promote public health regarding Q fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hernández-Agudelo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Bartolotti
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Tejeda
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Tomckowiak
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - P Steuer
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - F Ulloa
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Salgado
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Khademi P, Ownagh A, Mardani K, Khalili M. PCR-RFLP of Coxiella burnetii Plasmids Isolated from Raw Milk Samples in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.17.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Parhizgari N, Piazak N, Mostafavi E. Vector-borne diseases in Iran: epidemiology and key challenges. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:51-69. [PMID: 33438476 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have become a global health concern in recent decades as a result of global warming, globalization, growth in international trade and travel, use of insecticide and drug resistance. This review study addressed the key vector-borne diseases and their current status in Iran to emphasize the requirements for further research on vector-borne diseases. The dispersion patterns of these diseases differ in various regions. Some of them such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever are distributed all across Iran, whereas some others such as plague, leishmaniasis, tularemia, and malaria are restricted to specific areas. The high prevalence of vectors throughout the country necessitates enhancing the monitoring and surveillance of emerging and reemerging vector-borne diseases and their potential vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Parhizgari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging & Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norair Piazak
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging & Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia & Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging & Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
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Ahmadi E. Potential public health risk due to consumption of contaminated bovine milk with aflatoxin M1 andCoxiella burnetiiin the West of Iran. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Iran
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Khamesipour F, Dida GO, Anyona DN, Razavi SM, Rakhshandehroo E. Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006722. [PMID: 30204754 PMCID: PMC6181433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales cause infections that often manifest as undifferentiated fevers that are not easy to distinguish from other causes of acute febrile illnesses clinically. This is partly attributed to difficulty in laboratory confirmation since convalescent sera, specific diagnostic reagents, and the required expertise may not be readily available. As a result, a number of tick-borne zoonoses are underappreciated resulting in unnecessary morbidity, mortality and huge economic loses. In Iran, a significant proportion of human infectious diseases are tick-borne, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that tick-borne zoonoses are widespread but underreported in the country. Epidemiological review is therefore necessary to aid in the effective control and prevention of tick-borne zonooses in Iran. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive overview of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses and coxiellosis in Iran. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all relevant publications on tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran were searched using a number of search terms. The search was confined to authentic resources from repositories of popular data bases among them PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink and SCOPUS. The search items included peer reviewed journals, books and book chapters published between 1996 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 1 205 scientific publications and reports were sourced, of which 63 met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of the 63 articles reviewed, 36 (57.1%) reported on coxiellosis, 15 (23.8%) on anaplasmosis, 11 (17.5%) on ehrlichiosis and 1(1.6%) on spotted fever group rickettsiae in a large scale study involving four countries, among them Iran. The existence of tick-borne pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales was confirmed by molecular, serological and microscopic techniques conducted on samples obtained from sheep, cattle, goats, camels, poultry, animal products (milk and eggs), dogs, ticks and even human subjects in different parts of the country; pointing to a countrywide distribution. DISCUSSION Based on the review, coxiellosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and SFG rickettsiae can be categorized as emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases in Iran given the presence of their causiative agents (C. burnetii, A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. central, E. canis, E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis and R. conorii) collectively reported in a variety of domestic animals, animal products, arthropods and human beings drawn from 22 provinces in Iran. CONCLUSION Given the asymptomatic nature of some of these zoonoses, there is a high likelihood of silent transmission to humans in many parts of the country, which should be considered a public health concern. Presently, information on the transmission intensity of tick-borne zoonoses caused by pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales to humans and its public health impact in Iran is scanty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faham Khamesipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gabriel O. Dida
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
- Department of Community and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas N. Anyona
- School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - S. Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Pexara A, Solomakos N, Govaris A. Q fever and prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in milk. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nokhodian Z, Feizi A, Ataei B, Hoseini SG, Mostafavi E. Epidemiology of Q fever in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis for estimating serological and molecular prevalence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:121. [PMID: 29259632 PMCID: PMC5721492 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_586_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Q fever is endemic in Iran, thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii among humans and animals in Iran. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify all articles reporting C. burnetii prevalence in Iranian humans or animals, published from January 2000 to January 2015. Data from articles were extracted, and a pooled estimate of prevalence with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random effect method. Results: In this review, 27 papers were identified. The pooled seroprevalence of Q fever in animals was 27% (CI 95%: 23%–32%). The prevalence was 33% (CI 95%: 22%–45%) in goats, 27% (CI 95%: 21%–32%) in sheep, and 17% (CI 95%: 5%–28%) in cattle. The bacterial DNA was detected in 5% (95% CI: 3%–9%) of milk samples, and it was higher in cattle (10%; 95% CI: 6%–16%) than sheep (2%; 95% CI: 0–7%) and goats (4%; 95% CI: 0–12%). Conclusion: C. burnetii DNA or its antibody has been frequently detected among ruminants. Since these animals can transmit the infection to humans, Q fever could be a potential health problem in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghaffari Hoseini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (National Reference Center for Diagnosis and Research on Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
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Seo MG, Ouh IO, Lee SH, Kim JW, Rhee MH, Kwon OD, Kim TH, Kwak D. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle at South Korean national breeding stock farms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177478. [PMID: 28493973 PMCID: PMC5426765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to evaluate the serologic and molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle at national breeding stock farms in South Korea. These government farms have well-organized biosecurity and management systems to prevent livestock diseases. Of the 736 cattle in this study, 77 tested positive for antibodies against C. burnetii antigens (10.5%, 95% CI: 8.3–12.7) and 11 were positive for a C. burnetti infection on PCR analysis (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.6–2.4). Since the 16S rRNA sequences of C. burnetii from all 11 PCR-positive samples were identical, three representative samples (C-CN-3 from the southern region, C-JJ-9 from Jeju Island, and C-CB-37 from the central region) are described in this paper. These three sequences had 99.3–100% identity to those of C. burnetii deposited in GenBank. These sequences clustered with those from USA, Japan, and Greenland, underscoring the sequence similarity among C. burnetii isolates in these countries. Because C. burnetii was detected in cattle at well-managed national breeding stock farms, cattle at non-government operated farms may be more likely to be exposed to C. burnetii in South Korea. Thus, continuous surveillance and control strategies in animals and humans are required to prevent the transmission of C. burnetii to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Mohabbati Mobarez A, Bagheri Amiri F, Esmaeili S. Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005521. [PMID: 28394889 PMCID: PMC5398711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Q fever is a main zoonotic disease around the world. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the overall seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among human and animal population in Iran. METHODS Major national and international databases were searched from 2005 up to August 2016. We extracted the prevalence of Q fever antibodies (IgG) as the main primary outcome. We reported the prevalence of the seropositivity as point and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of IgG phase I and II antibodies of Q fever in human was 19.80% (95% CI: 16.35-23.25%) and 32.86% (95% CI: 23.80-41.92%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in goat were 93.42% (95% CI: 80.23-100.00) and 31.97% (95% CI: 20.96-42.98%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of Q fever antibody in sheep's were 96.07% (95% CI: 89.11-100.00%) and 24.66% (95% CI: 19.81-29.51%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in cattle were 41.37% (95% CI: 17.88-64.86%) and 13.30% (95% CI: 2.98-23.62%), respectively. Individual seropositivity of Q fever in camel and dog were 28.26% (95% CI: 21.47-35.05) and 0.55% (0.03-2.68), respectively. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and domestic animals is considerable. Preventative planning and control of C. burnetii infections in Iran is necessary. Active surveillance and further research studies are recommended, to more clearly define the epidemiology and importance of C. burnetii infections in animals and people in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mohabbati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
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Obaidat MM, Kersh GJ. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Bulk Milk from Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Jordan. J Food Prot 2017; 80:561-566. [PMID: 28272921 PMCID: PMC6489127 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, geographical distribution, and risk factors for the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in bulk tank milk derived from dairy cattle, sheep, and goats in Jordan. Bulk milk samples were collected from 78 dairy cattle, 48 sheep, and 23 goat farms from various places in Jordan according to the density of these animal species in each region of the country. The samples were tested for C. burnetii antibodies using the CHEKIT Q-Fever Antibody ELISA kit. A standardized questionnaire was also used to collect data from each farm to identify and rank the risk factors for the presence of C. burnetii antibodies. The results revealed that 62.9% (95% confidence interval: 55.1 to 70.0%) of the tested ruminant farms were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Positive results were obtained from 70.9% (60.6 to 79.5%) of dairy cattle farms, 52.1% (38.3 to 65.5%) of sheep farms, and 56.0% (37.1 to 73.3%) of goat farms. Six factors were associated with the presence of these antibodies on cattle farms, and five factors were associated with these antibodies on sheep and goat farms (chi-square test). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that large dairy cattle farms, farms that add new animals to the herd, farms that infrequently clean the feeders, and farms in particular areas are 28.6, 19.9, 8.0, and 6.4 times more likely, respectively, to have animals with C. burnetii antibodies. Sheep and goat farms that mix their animals with those from other farms, graze more than 5 km, and infrequently sanitize the feeders were 8.0, 0.06, and 13.6 times more likely, respectively, to have animals with C. burnetii antibodies. These data reveal the widespread exposure of Jordanian ruminants to C. burnetii and suggest a high risk for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Al Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gilbert J Kersh
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
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12
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Carbonero A. Response to the Letter to the Editor by Prof. Viroj Wiwanitkit. Prev Vet Med 2015; 119:91-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Esmaeili S, Bagheri Amiri F, Mostafavi E. Seroprevalence survey of Q fever among sheep in northwestern Iran. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:189-92. [PMID: 24575713 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is a disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, which infects both humans and certain animals, and is considered a public health problem. There is a lack of information on its status in most parts of Iran, including the northwestern area, which is one of the main centers of animal husbandry in Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate the seroprevalence of Q fever among sheep in the province of Ardabil in northwestern Iran. In all, 253 sheep samples were collected from different regions (north, central, and south) of Ardabil Province. Sera were tested by a CHEKIT Q fever enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for detection of C. burnetii immunoglobulin G (IgG). A total of 33.6% of sheep sera and 87.50% of herds were positive for C. burnetii IgG. There was a significant difference between the regions studied (p<0.001) and the highest and the lowest rate of seroprevalence were seen in the south (58.6%) and central (23.3%) regions, respectively. Most of the seropositive cases were observed in 3- to 4-year-old the sheep (46.1%). There was no relationship between gender and the seroprevalence rate. Although this study was the first survey of Q fever in northwestern Iran, the high seroprevalence rate indicates that further attention should be paid to this disease in this region of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Esmaeili
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
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Leptospirosis among zebu cattle in farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mostafavi E, Rastad H, Khalili M. Q Fever: An Emerging Public Health Concern in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/aje.2012.66.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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