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Nokhodian Z, Boroumandfar Z, Rostami S, Ataei B. Overuse of Antibiotics: Who is to Blame? A Qualitative Study. Int J Prev Med 2024; 14:133. [PMID: 38449691 PMCID: PMC10916410 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_287_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The irrational use of antibiotics seriously threatens global health. Clinicians undoubtedly play an essential role in consuming antibiotics in hospitals and communities, and their attitudes may help the health system's optimal treatment of antibiotics. In this study, we reported clinicians' experiences with antibiotics used in Isfahan, Iran. Methods In a qualitative study conducted from October 2020 to March 2021, the experiences of 13 clinicians with different clinical specialties were collected through one-to-one interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sampling until data saturation; data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. The main category was recognized and subcategorized and coded by three researchers. Results Eight women and five men with a mean work experience of 12.54 ± 10.047 years participated in the study. All of them worried about the overuse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Clinicians believe that the antimicrobial stewardship committee is not active in our country. Laboratory challenges, healthcare providers, the poor performance of the health system, and marketing and business were the main categories of the study. Subcategrories of main categories included inefficiency in the function of laboratories, harmful profit, challenges in medical education, ups and downs of disease treatment, the unacceptable performance of hospitals, failure to upgrade the health system, threats and opportunities, and jobbery. Conclusions The participants of this study believed that excessive use of antibiotics is a serious challenge in our country. Physicians were concerned about antibiotic resistance and believed that the pattern of antibiotic resistance was not routinely reported. Therefore, in our region, we should make more efforts to collect data in this field and provide this information to physicians. Also, this study confirmed many obstacles to implementing the antimicrobial stewardship program, and the infrastructure needs strengthening. There is also a need for cultural changes and the views of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Boroumandfar
- Reproductive Science and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Hejazi SH, Kalantari R, Jafari R, Ghayour Z, Nokhodian Z, Esmaeilifallah M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection in individuals occupationally exposed to livestock and raw meat: A case-control study. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2642-2647. [PMID: 37656467 PMCID: PMC10650349 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expectancy of Toxoplasma gondii transmitted from livestock and raw meat to humans is a public health problem and is an example of the One Health theory. OBJECTIVES This survey aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors related to this common infection in individuals occupationally exposed (IOE) to livestock, raw meat and viscera in industrial slaughterhouses and livestock fields in Isfahan province, central Iran. METHODS This study is a case-control survey carried out on the 401 serum samples of IOE (including slaughterhouse workers, butchers, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, livestock farmers and farm workers) compared to 401 archived samples of the general population (that all matched with cases by region, age and gender). All 802 samples were investigated for anti-T. gondii IgM and anti-T. gondii IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A statistically significant higher anti-T. gondii IgG occurrence (p < 0.001) was observed in IOE compared to the control group (46.1% vs. 31.4%). According to our knowledge, this is the first case-control study on the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii in IOE to livestock in central Iran. CONCLUSIONS These findings show a potentially significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and occupational exposure to livestock. Therefore, it is essential to develop guidelines for preventing disease transmission among IOE to livestock, raw meat and viscera in industrial slaughterhouses and livestock fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Reza Kalantari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Student Research CommitteeIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Zahra Ghayour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mahsa Esmaeilifallah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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3
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Rostami S, Ahangarzadeh S, Zamani Moghaddam A, Nokhodian Z, Modaresifar H, Roustaei A, Shoaei P, Rowzati M, Tahvilian Z, Nazari A, Kassaian N, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Ataei B. Evaluation of Specific IgG Antibody in Subjects Who Had Been Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:171. [PMID: 37564435 PMCID: PMC10410430 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_195_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Ira, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zamani Moghaddam
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Ira, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rowzati
- Occupational Health Center, Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tahvilian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Occupational Health Center, Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Ira, Iran
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Kassaian N, Nematbakhsh S, Yazdani M, Rostami S, Nokhodian Z, Ataei B. Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in ICU and Non-ICU Wards: A Four-Year Retrospective Study in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:106. [PMID: 37288028 PMCID: PMC10241621 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_320_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. This study evaluated BSI's incidence, trend, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mortality in AL Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted in AL Zahra Hospital from March 2017 to March 2021. The Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system was used for data gathering. The data included demographic and hospital data, type of bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility findings and were analysed in SPSS-18 software. Results The incidence of BSIs was 1.67% and 0.47%, and the mortality was 30% and 15.2% in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU wards, respectively. In the ICU, the mortality was correlated with the use of the catheter, type of organism and year of study, but in non-ICU, correlated with age, gender, use of the catheter, ward, year of study and duration between the incidence of BSIs and discharging/death. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. were the most frequent germs isolated in all wards. Vancomycin (63.6%) and Gentamycin (37.7%) for ICU and Vancomycin (55.6%) and Meropenem (53.3) for other wards were the most sensitive antibiotics. Conclusion Despite the few rate of BSI in the last four years in AL Zahra Hospital, our data showed that its incidence and mortality in the ICU ward are significantly more than in other hospital wards. We recommend prospective multicentre studies to know the total incidence of BSI, local risk factors and patterns of pathogens causing BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kassaian
- Nosocomial Infection Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shadnosh Nematbakhsh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Yazdani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shirani K, Honarjou E, Ataei B, Rostami S, Nokhodian Z, Shams M. Evaluation of clinical and para-clinical parameters related to disease severity and mortality in patients with influenza in Isfahan, Iran; a cross sectional study. Immunopathol Persa 2023. [DOI: 10.34172/ipp.2023.39462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Managing influenza (flu) due to its rapid transmission is a considerable challenge for the health system. Considering the variety of clinical symptoms in influenza and recognizing its symptoms in different conditions of patients can be effective in its management. Objectives: In the present cross-sectional study, we evaluate the relationship between clinical and para-clinical findings and the treatment measures observed at the time of hospitalization of influenza patients and their conditions at the time of discharge from the hospital. Patients and Methods: Our investigation was conducted from March 2019 to March 2021 in Alzahra hospital of Isfahan, Iran. The research population included influenza patients admitted to the infectious ward. Results: A total of 122 hospitalized influenza patients (n=122) were included in this research. The number of patients with influenza A and B was 44 and 78, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the type of influenza and the patient’s condition upon discharge (P=0.001). Influenza vaccination (P<0.001), diabetes (P=0.038), and cardiovascular disease (P=0.004) were significantly associated with the patient’s condition at discharge. According to our investigation, among the drugs used, oseltamivir significantly reduced mortality in patients receiving it (P<<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the variables of all chest radiology and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the length of hospital stay (P=0.001), the number of white blood cells (P=0.001), the number of platelets (P=0.006), and the amount of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001) with the patient’s condition upon discharge. Conclusion: Among the comorbidities studied, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with mortality in patients with influenza. Vaccination significantly reduces mortality from influenza in high-risk patients. The antiviral drug oseltamivir is recommended as a useful drug for patients with the influenza. However, a multi-center study with larger sample size is necessary for a more conclusive result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Shirani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Honarjou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sodabeh Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manijeh Shams
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rostami S, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Zamanimoghadam A, Nasri P, Ahangarzadeh S, Tahvilian Z, Shoaei P, Shahzamani K, Hashemi FK. A Process Evaluation of the Isfahan Antibiotic Awareness Campaign: Developing Engagement on Antimicrobial Resistance. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:6. [PMID: 36926430 PMCID: PMC10012027 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_137_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most prominent global health threats is antibiotic resistance, leading to infection treatment failure. The first Iranian antibiotic awareness week campaign was initiated to improve the prudent use and wise prescription of antibiotics. Materials and Methods The Isfahan antibiotic awareness campaign was held from November 30 to December 6, 2019, among two targeted populations; the general population and health-care workers by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this campaign held in the main squares, streets, and a city's referral hospital, various educational methods were used to aware and sensitize the general population and medical staff about antibiotics and microbial resistance. These methods include face-to-face training, brochures, advertisement posters and billboards around the city, educational videos, social media messages, retraining for medical doctors and medical specialists, and interviewing in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcast. Results Two hundred and twenty general practitioners, medical specialists, and residents participated in two retraining educational conferences in Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The mean score satisfaction of the two conferences was three from four. Nearly 2000 of the general population were under face-to-face educational programs whom after that, 83.6% had the correct answer to the questions around antimicrobial awareness. Conclusions This campaign was an excellent experience as a pilot study with appealing issues. Further, activities are required to improve engagement with the target population and determine the impact of this campaign on antibiotic consumption and prescription behavior among the public and health-care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zamanimoghadam
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parto Nasri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tahvilian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiana Shahzamani
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khoshdel Hashemi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nokhodian Z, Rostami S, Zeraatei P, Rahimkhorasani M, Abbasi S, Sadeghi S. Bacterial Superinfection and Antibiotic Management in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Medicine in Central Iran: A Follow-Up Study. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 37057242 PMCID: PMC10086667 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_82_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial superinfections are one of the crucial challenges in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that are associated with a high mortality rate. The current study was designed to assess bacterial superinfections and antibiotic management in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Material and Methods Seventy-three adult intubated patients with COVID-19 were included in a cross-sectional study. The lung aspirate samples were collected in two stages and assessed for bacterial growth by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guideline (2021 edition). Also, demographic and clinical data were collected. The statistical analysis was done by chisquare test and Student's t-test, and a P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Forty men and thirty-three women with a mean age of 64.78 ± 13.90 have included in our study. The mean length of hospitalization and stay in ICU were 18.77 ± 12.94 and 13.51 ± 9.83 days, respectively; 84.9% of cases died. Thirty-three patients had a bacterial superinfection mainly caused by Klebsiella spp and Acinetobacter spp; 21.2% of piperacillin/tazobactam consumers' patients survived that; the differences were significant (p = 0.034). A significant relationship was seen between superinfection and length of hospital stay until intubation (p = 0.033). Conclusion Bacterial superinfection and mortality rates were relatively high in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. According to the results, using beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors antibiotics in hospitalized patients in ICU can effectively control superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Soodabeh Rostami, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Parisa Zeraatei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rahimkhorasani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadeghi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rostami S, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Nokhodian Z, Kassaian N, Zamani A, Tahvilian Z, Nasri P, Nasirian M, Ataei B. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Health-Care Workers in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37057248 PMCID: PMC10086646 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_201_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health-care workers (HCWs) are in the frontline for fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are at higher risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, the defining immunity status among HCWs helps mitigate the exposure risk. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and also the associated risk factors in the HCWs working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences COVID-19 referral hospitals. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional study, demographics, COVID-19 symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and health-care details were collected from 200 consenting health workers of COVID-center-hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 23 October to 21 December 2020. The recombinant SARS-CoV2 nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based IgM, and IgG antibody tests were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and independent-t-student tests, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results One hundred and forty-one women and 59 men with a mean age of 36.4 ± 7.77 years participated in the study. IgG Ab and IgM Ab were positive in 77 (38.5%) and 12 (6%) of samples, respectively, and both antibodies were detected in 9 (4.5%). Higher ages, direct contact with the patients with COVID-19, muscle pain, loss of taste and smell, fever, and cough were the factors associated with antibody seropositivity against SARS-CoV2. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of HCWs with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is relatively high in Isfahan University referral hospitals. The development of safety protocols and screening and vaccination strategies in the frontline HCWs must be implemented to reduce the burden of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Zary Nokhodian, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zamani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tahvilian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parto Nasri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rostami S, Gharibi S, Yaghoobi H, Nokhodian Z, Shoaei P, Bahrami AA, Ahangarzadeh S, Alibakhshi A. Herbal medicines as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2375-2386. [PMID: 35927924 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220802121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding molecular pathogenesis is an essential factor for the allocation of effective preventive measures and the development of targeted therapeutics against COVID-19. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes structural and nonstructural proteins, which can be targets for compounds with potential therapeutic ability. On the other hand, the virus life cycle has stages susceptible to targeting by drug compounds. Many natural antiviral compounds have been studied and evaluated at the cellular and molecular levels with antiviral potential. Meanwhile, many studies over the past few months have shown that plant polysaccharides have good ability to target proteins and stages of the virus life cycle. In this regard, in this review study, the virus specifications and infectious process and structural and functional components of SARS-CoV-2 will be reviewed, and then the latest studies on the effect of plant compounds with more focus on polysaccharides on viral targets and their inhibitory potential on the infectious process of COVID-19 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Armina Alaghband Bahrami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Gouya MM, Ghaffari Hoseini S, Yaran M, Mansourian M, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Zahraei SM, Kelishadi R. A Nationwide Study on the Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iranian Children and Adolescents. ijph 2022; 51:409-415. [PMID: 35866127 PMCID: PMC9273495 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i2.8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Assessing the prevalence of infections, which are preventable by vaccination, is crucial to monitor the vaccination program efficacy, and it can demonstrate the gaps in population immunity. The current study attempted to assess the specific Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in Iranian children and adolescents, years after their vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran. Serum samples of 2100 students, aged 7–18 years, included in a national health survey, were tested for MMR antibodies by ELISA assay. Multistage random cluster sampling was used to select subjects from 30 provinces in Iran. Results: Overall, 1871, 1718, and 1678 serums were tested for measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies, respectively. The prevalence of positive test was 1231 (65.8%) for measles, 1327 (77.2%) for mumps and 1344 (80.1%) for rubella. Conclusion: Despite high vaccination coverage in Iran, IgG antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella was not detected in a considerable proportion of children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. In case of contacts with residents of other countries, where measles or rubella have not yet been eliminated, it may create problems for Iranian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghaffari Hoseini
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Corresponding Author:
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Zahraei SM, Gouya MM, Hoseini SG, Yaran M, Mansourian M, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis among a nationally representative sample of Iranian pediatric population: The childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult noncommunicable disease-V study. J Res Med Sci 2021; 26:21. [PMID: 34267793 PMCID: PMC8242361 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_636_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable respiratory infection and seroepidemiology of the infection could be a marker of the pertussis immunity in a population. In many countries, despite vaccination coverage, high prevalence of pertussis has been observed. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against pertussis and the role of demographic and anthropometric variables on the immunity rate in the Iranian pediatric population to evaluate the impact of existing immunization program in order to envisage future vaccination strategies to prevent infection. Methods: In a cross-sectional multi-centric study, 1593 samples of the students aged 7–18 years, who had been enrolled in a national survey (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease-V), were randomly selected and tested for IgG antibody against Bordetella pertussis (BP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The age, gender, education, residency, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) were extracted from the questionnaires of the COSPIAN-Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between the variables with the IgG antibody against BP. Data were presented by odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P values (P): (OR [95% CI]; P). Results: Subjects were consisted of 774 boys and 750 girls, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 12.39 (3.03) years. Overall, BP seroprevalence was 59.8%. There were higher BMI values in seronegative ones versus seropositive (18.62 ± 4.07 vs. 18.15 ± 3.94, P = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.23 [0.02–0.92]). However, the categorized BMI for age was not significantly associated with IgG levels (0.27 [0.25–0.29]; 0.27). BP seroprevalence was not significantly different between geographical regions (0.06 [0.05–0.07]; 0.06), genders (1.17 [0.93–1.47]; 0.18), area of residence (1.07 [0.82–1.4]; 0.61), and educational levels (0.94 [0.75–1.19]; 0.62). Conclusion: IgG antibody against pertussis was not detected in nearly 40% of the subjects who had history of vaccination against pertussis. It is recommended to monitor the incidence of pertussis in high-risk populations closely and administer a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghaffari Hoseini
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Rostami S, Mostafavi S, Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Cheraghi A, Ataabadi P, Almasi N, Norouzi Z, Kelishadi R. Antibacterial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii complex: The results of Isfahan Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance-1 Program. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.320522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Nokhodian Z, Ranjbar MM, Nasri P, Kassaian N, Shoaei P, Vakili B, Rostami S, Ahangarzadeh S, Alibakhshi A, Yarian F, Javanmard SH, Ataei B. Current status of COVID-19 pandemic; characteristics, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Res Med Sci 2020; 25:101. [PMID: 33273946 PMCID: PMC7698386 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_476_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans have always been encountered to big infectious diseases outbreak throughout the history. In December 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first noticed as an agent causing insidious pneumonia in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 was spread rapidly from Wuhan to the rest of the world. Until late June 2020, it infected more than 10,000,000 people and caused more than 500,000 deaths in almost all of countries in the world, creating a global crisis worse than all previous epidemics and pandemics. In the current review, we gathered and summarized the results of various studies on characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this pandemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Department of FMD Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parto Nasri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Vakili
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan. Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Nokhodian Z, Feizi A, Khalili M, Ataei B, Moradi A. Molecular evidence and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii among seropositive high-risk individuals in the center of Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 61:34-37. [PMID: 30502831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in blood samples of the high-risk population in central Iran. In spring 2015, a nested PCR was applied to detect C. burnetii DNA in 173 blood samples from seropositive high-risk individuals in Isfahan County. A checklist was used for extracting data. Univariate tests and multivariable binary logistic regression were performed to analyze the data and P values < 0.05 were considered significant. In total, 9.83% of the samples were positive and an association was found between the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA and the presence of IgG antibodies against phase I and/or II (P = 0.04) in univariate analysis. However, in multivariable logistic regression model, no risk factor was seen. This study revealed that high-risk populations in Isfahan County had been exposed to C. burnetii. This can alert health policymakers to the possibility of a Q fever epidemic in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Moradi
- Isfahan Veterinary Offices, Head of Public Health Supervision Section, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Taleban R, Moafi M, Ataei B, Yaran M, Nokhodian Z, Kassaian N, Adibi P, Javadi A. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Drug Users in Drop-in Centers of Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29899884 PMCID: PMC5981222 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_382_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Scientists perceive drug users (DUs) as a high-risk population for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Effective strategies aiming at the reduction of HBV infection can be depicted when its epidemiological status is clearly defined. The present study provides new insight into associated risk factors of HBV infection and its seroepidemiological status among DUs attending drop-in centers (DICs). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which was implemented in 7 DICs of Isfahan province. The sample size included 539 participants. Demographic data and risk factors for HBV infection were obtained by a trained social worker using a self-made structured questionnaire. Venous blood sample was obtained and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody, and total hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mean age of the participants was 31.76 ± 8.4 years. They were generally male, Iranian, urban, with an education level of high school or less. The prevalence of HBV infection (HBsAg and/or HBcAb) was 18% (88.490). Regression analysis showed that age, bloodletting, and drug injection, being the sexual partner of injecting DU (IDU), as well as frequency and duration of imprisonment positively correlated with HBV infection. Conclusions: Drug injection bloodletting, and being the sexual partner of IDU, as well as frequency and duration of imprisonment could be considered as contributing factors in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Taleban
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moafi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Javadi
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Nokhodian Z, Feizi A, Ataei B, Hoseini SG, Mostafavi E. Epidemiology of Q fever in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis for estimating serological and molecular prevalence. J Res Med Sci 2017; 22:121. [PMID: 29259632 PMCID: PMC5721492 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_586_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Q fever is endemic in Iran, thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii among humans and animals in Iran. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify all articles reporting C. burnetii prevalence in Iranian humans or animals, published from January 2000 to January 2015. Data from articles were extracted, and a pooled estimate of prevalence with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random effect method. Results: In this review, 27 papers were identified. The pooled seroprevalence of Q fever in animals was 27% (CI 95%: 23%–32%). The prevalence was 33% (CI 95%: 22%–45%) in goats, 27% (CI 95%: 21%–32%) in sheep, and 17% (CI 95%: 5%–28%) in cattle. The bacterial DNA was detected in 5% (95% CI: 3%–9%) of milk samples, and it was higher in cattle (10%; 95% CI: 6%–16%) than sheep (2%; 95% CI: 0–7%) and goats (4%; 95% CI: 0–12%). Conclusion: C. burnetii DNA or its antibody has been frequently detected among ruminants. Since these animals can transmit the infection to humans, Q fever could be a potential health problem in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghaffari Hoseini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (National Reference Center for Diagnosis and Research on Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
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17
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Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Moradi A, Yaran M, Hoseini SG, Feizi A, Sherkat R. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii infection among high-risk population in center of Iran, a neglected health problem. Acta Trop 2017; 169:107-111. [PMID: 28167053 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against phase I and II antigens of Coxiella Burnetii and to identify related risk factors among high-risk groups in the center of Iran, a serological survey was performed in Isfahan County. In a cross-sectional study, 401 sera were collected from slaughterhouse workers, butchers, farmers and veterinarians in spring 2015. Samples were tested for specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against phase I and II of C. burnetii by indirect immunofluorescence assay. A checklist was fulfilled to document demographic information. Univariate analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression model were used to analyze data. IgG antibodies against phases I and II of C. burnetii were detected in 19% and 36.9% of participants, respectively. The overall seropositivity (IgG against phase I and/or II) was 43.1%. The present study shows a high seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among high-risk population in center of Iran. It is suggested to carry out occupational health monitoring programs for individuals who may be exposed to C. burnetii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Moradi
- Isfahan Veterinary Office, Head of Public Health Supervision Section, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shervin Gaffari Hoseini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nokhodian Z, Feizi A, Moradi A, Yaran M, Hoseini SG, Ataei B, Hosseini M. Detection and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii infection in dairy cattle based on bulk tank milk samples in center of Iran. Prev Vet Med 2016; 134:139-144. [PMID: 27836035 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Coxiella burnetii has a worldwide distribution in ruminants and is associated with abortions and reproductive problems in this group of animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in bulk tank milk (BTM) of dairy cattle herds and to identify the risk factors of infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2015. A total of 163 BTM samples from 74 commercial and 89 traditional dairy cattle herds in Isfahan, Iran was tested for the IS1111 transposon of C. burnetii by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A checklist containing general information of the herds was filled for each farm. Data were analyzed using univariate tests (chi square and t-tests) and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Bacterial DNA was detected in 8.6% of the samples (95% CI: 4.2- 12.9). In univariate analysis, the prevalence rate was higher in traditional herds than in commercial herds (n=12; 13.5% vs. n=2; 2.7%; P=0.01). The prevalence rate was inversely associated with the size and infection control score of the herd. In multivariable binary logistic regression, however, only herd size was found to be related with the infection rate, i.e. herds with ≥80 cattle were less likely to be infected (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01- 0.77; P=0.03). The only identified risk factor for this infection was the herd size. In fact, smaller herds (size <80) were more likely to be infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Moradi
- Isfahan Veterinary Office, Head of Public Health Supervision Section, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghaffari Hoseini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosseini
- Isfahan Veterinary Office, Health & Management of Animal Disease Section, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Iranian victims of sulfur mustard attack are now more than 20 years post-exposure and form a valuable cohort for studying the chronic effects of an exposure to sulfur mustard. Articles on sulfur mustard exposure in Iran-Iraq war were reviewed using three known international databases such as Scopus, Medline, and ISI. The objectives of the study were measurement of the author-wise distribution, year-wise distribution, subject area wise, and assessment of highly cited articles. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched three known international databases, Scopus, Medline, and the international statistical institute (ISI), for articles related to mustard gas exposure in Iran-Iraq war, published between 1988 and 2012. The results were analyzed using scientometric methods. RESULTS During the 24 years under examination, about 90 papers were published in the field of mustard gas in Iran-Iraq war. Original article was the most used document type forming 51.4% of all the publications. The number of articles devoted to mustard gas and Iran-Iraq war research increased more than 10-fold, from 1 in 1988 to 11 in 2011. Most of the published articles (45.7%) included clinical and paraclinical investigations of sulfur mustard in Iranian victims. The most highly productive author was Ghanei who occupied the first rank in the number of publications with 20 papers. The affiliation of most of the researchers was Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University (research center of chemical injuries and dermatology department) in Iran. CONCLUSION This article has highlighted the quantitative share of Iran in articles on sulfur mustard and lays the groundwork for further research on various aspects of related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh ZareFarashbandi
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shirani K, Nokhodian Z, Kassaian N, Adibi P, Naeini AE, Ataei B. The prevalence of isolated hepatitis B core antibody and its related risk factors among male injected drug users in Isfahan prisons. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:17. [PMID: 25709982 PMCID: PMC4333428 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.148675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) varies between 1% and 30% in different populations. Isolated anti-HBc-positive patients who suffer from occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have the potential to transmit HBV infection. So isolated anti-HBc screening is a valuable tool to prevent HBV transmission. Considering the importance of isolated anti-HBc screening and high prevalence of HBV among injected drug users (IDU) prisoners, we designed this study to evaluate the isolated anti-HBc positivity among inmates with the history of IDU in our area. Materials and Methods: We did this cross-sectional study from September 2009 to March 2010 among volunteer male IDU prisoners in Isfahan. Blood samples were taken from all of subjects and tested for HBV markers. Then a questionnaire containing socio-demographic, drug histories and high risk behaviors information was completed for all participants. Data analysis was done utilizing univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Totally 970 male IDU prisoners (mean age 32.6 ± 8.1) were included in our study. The prevalence of isolated HBc Ab was 4.5%. Isolated anti-HBc significantly was related to tooth filling (OR: 2.62, CI: 1.20-7.14) and imprisonment (OR: 3.95, CI: 1.39-11.18). We couldn’t find any relationship between isolated anti-HBc positivity and addiction duration, incarceration frequency, recent incarceration duration or number of injection per month. Conclusion: For screening high risk groups in parallel with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and other viral markers, maybe it is better to check HBcAb too, because isolated HBcAb-positive patients may have occult hepatitis B infection which could transfer the infection to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Shirani
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Emami Naeini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nokhodian Z, Adibi P, Ataei B. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Isfahan Province. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:S193-9. [PMID: 26622989 PMCID: PMC4635413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem. It is estimated that 1.5-2.5 million people are suffering from this infection in Iran. A review on HBV infection prevalence in Isfahan, Iran is conducted in this article. It will help researchers for further studies and also will be helpful for control the infection. Medline, Embase, Ovid, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, Magiran and Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfusion Organization and also students' thesis and projects of Isfahan and Kashan universities of medical sciences were searched for key words "HBV," "HBsAg," "prevalence," "Isfahan," "Esfahan," and "Kashan in titles and/or abstracts. Overall, 24 articles, including 4, 14, 5 and 1 were assessed in Isfahan province, and Isfahan, Kashan, and Foulad-shahr cities, respectively. The highest and lowest participants were 542705 and 73, respectively. The highest prevalence of HBsAg was reported in HIV-infected patients and the lowest one was seen in the thalassemic patients. We collected the articles about the prevalence of HBV in Isfahan to help researchers and determine prevalence HBV in Isfahan province. The similar studies in other province of Iran are necessary for marking decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Behrooz Ataei, Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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22
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Shadzi S, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Daneshmand D. Dermatophytes contamination of wrestling mats in sport centers of Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:241. [PMID: 25538927 PMCID: PMC4260269 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.145747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shadzi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dana Daneshmand
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Javadi A, Ataei B, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Yaran M. Co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus among injection drug users in Drop in centers. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19:S17-21. [PMID: 25002888 PMCID: PMC4078381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the three prevalent viral and bloodborne infections worldwide. Considering the similar route of transmission in these infections, their co-infections would be more challenging for health care professionals. Therefore, we investigated the rate of HIV/HBV/HCV co-infection among injection drug users (IDUs) referred to Drop in centers (DICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study (2008-2009), IDUs referred to DICs in Isfahan province were evaluated. Venous blood samples were obtained and HBsAg, HBcAb, HCVAb, and HIVAb measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Demographic data and risk factors in patients with HBV/HCV, HIV/HCV, and HIV/HBV co-infections were obtained by a trained social worker using a structured checklist. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS Totally, 539 IDUs with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 35.3 (7.9) were studied. HBV/HCV, HCV/HIV, and HBV/HIV co-infections were presented in 65 (12.1%), 6 (1.1%), and 0 (0%) of IDUs, respectively. All HIV infected IDUs were infected with HCV as well. There was a significant association between HBV/HCV co-infection and behaviors related to sharing needle (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.23-3.45) and imprisonment (OR = 1.01, 95% CI; 1.04-1.06). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, history of imprisonment and needle sharing were the only adjusted risk factors for HCV/HBV co-infection in IDUs. This might be a warning for national health system and needs to urgent paying attention. It seems that expanded harm reduction strategies can be useful to reduce this co-infection and its mortality and morbidity rate among IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Javadi
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Behrooz Ataei, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Nokhodian Z, Yaran M, Adibi P, Kassaian N, Meshkati M, Ataei B. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B markers among incarcerated intravenous drug users. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19:S13-6. [PMID: 25002887 PMCID: PMC4078382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug injection is one of the most prominent risk factors for transmission of viral hepatitis. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is generally higher in prisoners compared with the general population. The object of this study was to assess the markers of HBV and related risk factors among intravenous drug users (IVDU) in prisoners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a cross-sectional study in 2012 HBV infection and its risk factors were assessed in prisoners with a history of intravenous drug use in Isfahan, Iran. A checklist was fulfilled for each participant and 5 ml blood was taken from each subject. Sera were analyzed for markers of the hepatitis B: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAb) and hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBcAb) by ELISA. We used Chi-square test and logistic regression model to analyze data and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS All of the studied participants (n = 970) were men. The mean ± standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 32.61 ± 8.1 years and the majority of them had less than high school education. More than 40% of these men had a history of injection drug inside prison and 2.27% of them self-reported history of HBV infection. Of the 970 IVDU, 32 (3.3%) were positive for HBsAg. Among HBsAg + subjects, 23 (71.88%) were HBcAb+. 120 (12.37%) were found positive for isolated HBsAb, 45 (4.64%) for isolated HBcAb and 67 (6.9%) for both HBsAb and HBcAb. History of sharing needle (odds ratio: 2.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-4.65) had a significant association with HBsAg positivity. CONCLUSION The results suggest that history of sharing needle had a significant association with HBsAg positivity. It seems that educational programs for injecting drug related behaviors, especially syringe sharing, are needed for IVDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Meshkati
- Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Behrooz Ataei, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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25
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Khodadoostan M, Ataei B, Shavakhi A, Tavakoli T, Nokhodian Z, Yaran M. The assessment of hepatitis B seroprevalence in persons with intravenous drug use history in the Isfahan province: Community-based study. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19:65-8. [PMID: 24672567 PMCID: PMC3963325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B with its complications has become one of the universal problems. Injection drug use is one of the most important risk factors in the transmission of hepatitis B. Therefore, we assessed hepatitis B virus prevalence among cases with a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) as the first announcement-based study in this regard. MATERIALS AND METHODS The announcement-based detection of hepatitis B seroprevalence in volunteers with a history of intravenous drug use was conducted in the Isfahan province. A comprehensive community announcement was made in all the public places and to all physicians, in all the regions. One thousand five hundred and eighty-eight volunteers were invited to the Isfahan reference laboratories and serum samples were tested for HBs-Ag, HBc Ab, and HBs-Ab, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS In this study, 1588 individuals volunteered, who were estimated to be 50% of all the expected intravenous drug users in the community. HBs Ag was detected in 4.2% of them. HBc Ab and HBs Ab were detected in order in 11.4 and 17.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION We estimated that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B positivity in intravenous drug users was moderate to high. Therefore, it was suggested that this group be encouraged to prevent acquiring infection by vaccination, education, counseling for risk reduction, and treatment of substance abuse, and finally hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Khodadoostan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Research Center, Isfahan Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shavakhi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahmine Tavakoli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Research Center, Isfahan Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Research Center, Isfahan Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Majid Yaran, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Number 21, Fribourg Street, Alley 8, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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26
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Ataei B, Zahraei S, Pezeshki Z, Babak A, Nokhodian Z, Mobasherizadeh S, Hoseini S. Baseline evaluation of hand hygiene compliance in three major hospitals, Isfahan, Iran. J Hosp Infect 2013; 85:69-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Hashemipour M, Nokhodian Z, Yaran M, Ataei B, Tayeri K, Nobari RF, Ali Z. Prevalence of HIV infection in individuals with history of intravenous drug use via community announcement in Isfahan- Iran. Pak J Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.12669/pjms.291(suppl).3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Javadi A, Ataei B, Yaran M, Nokhodian Z, Kassaian N, Tayeri K, Meshkati M, Ali Z. Prevalence of HIV infection and related risk factors in Isfahan Drop in Centers. Pak J Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.12669/pjms.291(suppl).3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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29
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Dibaj R, Ataei B, Yaran M, Nokhodian Z, Tayeri K, Ali Z. Prevalence of HIV infection in inmates with history of injection drug use and evaluation of risk factors, in Isfahan, Iran. Pak J Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.12669/pjms.291(suppl).3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Ataie M, Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Kassaian N, Yaran M, Hassannejad R. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus among young prisoners. J Res Med Sci 2013; 18:70-2. [PMID: 23900503 PMCID: PMC3719232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juveniles in custody are affected by sexually transmitted infections due to risky behaviors. Therefore, they have a disproportionate burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the prevalence and associated characteristics of hepatitis B and HIV infections were assessed in young prisoners. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, prevalence of HBV and HIV infections was assessed among young prisoners during 2008-2009. A checklist consisting of demographic, social, and risk factors was filled out and blood was drawn for their tests. Sera were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab), hepatitis B core antibody (HBc Ab) and HIV Ab, and Western blot test was performed on antibody-positive HIV. RESULTS A total number of 160 young prisoners (147 boys and 13 girls) were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 16.59 ± 1.24 year. HBs Ag, HBc Ab, HBs Ab, and HIV Ab were detected in 1 (0.63%), 1 (0.63%), 52 (32.5%), and 1 (0.63%), respectively. CONCLUSION With respect to national vaccination program against HBV infection, the juvenile prisoners had low prevalence of HBs Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ataie
- Young Research Club, School of Medicine, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Ms. Zary Nokhodian, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Nokhodian Z, Yazdani MR, Yaran M, Shoaei P, Mirian M, Ataei B, Babak A, Ataie M. Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B and C Among Female Prisoners in Isfahan, Iran. Hepat Mon 2012; 12:442-7. [PMID: 23008724 PMCID: PMC3437455 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female prisoners are at risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There has been no previous study regarding the epidemiological status of STIs among female prisoners in Isfahan, central Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of the aforementioned infections among women incarcerated in the central prison, Isfahan, to determine appropriate prevention measures. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, all of the 163 women incarcerated in the central prison, Isfahan in 2009, were voluntarily enrolled by the census method. After completing a checklist consisting of demographic, social, and risk factors, a 5ml blood sample was taken from each individual. The sera were analyzed for markers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV; HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb), hepatitis C virus (HCV; HCV antibodies), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; HIV antibodies), and syphilis (RPR). Confirmatory tests were performed on HCV antibody-positive cases. RESULTS The mean age of the participants in the study was 34.54 ± 11.2 years old, 94.3% of these women were Iranian, and many of them had only a primary level of education. The prevalence of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb, and HCV antibodies were; 1.2%, 7.4%, 12.9% and 7.4% respectively. No positive RPR or HIV antibodies were detected. CONCLUSIONS A significant relationship was seen between the HCV antibody, drug injection and illegal sex in the women, and also between HBc-Ab and drug injection. Regular screening, educational programs, and facilitation of access to suitable treatment care should be widely implemented in the prison population. Testing for immunity against HBV should be considered on admission, and afterwards vaccination of all prisoners and an appropriate preventative approach should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yazdani
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Behrooz Ataei, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-3113359359, Fax: +98-3113373735, E-mail:
| | - Anahita Babak
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Ataie
- School of Medicine, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IR Iran
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Kassaian N, Adibi P, Kafashaian A, Yaran M, Nokhodian Z, Shoaei P, Hassannejad R, Babak A, Ataei B. Hepatitis C Virus and Associated Risk Factors among Prison Inmates with History of Drug Injection in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S156-61. [PMID: 22826759 PMCID: PMC3399300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide with serious complications. According to the importance of intravenous drug use (IDU) as the main risk factor for HCV infection and transmission and prison as the main source of risky behaviors, this study conducted to define HCV infection and related risk factors in prison inmates with history of IDU in Isfahan province, Iran. METHODS This is a cross -sectional study which the prison inmates with IDU history in voluntary basis were enrolled. A validated questionnaire was asked and blood sample was obtained from each subject for the presence of HCV antibody. Odds ratio and logistic regression were used for data analysis and P-value < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS I943 inmates with history of IDU participated in the study. The overall prevalence of HCV antibody was 41.6%. The main independent risk factors were number of injection in the month [OR: 1.006 (1.002- 1.011)], Length of drug addiction [OR: 1.05 (1.004-1.098)], multiple incarceration [OR: 1.15 (1.05-1.23)] and use of needle/syringe share inside prison [OR: 4.19 (2.22-7.9)]. In our study, marriage was a protective factor for HCV infection [OR: 0.34 (0.18-0.64)] as well. CONCLUSIONS According to relatively high prevalence of HCV infection and associated risk factors which observed in this study it is important to primary prevention in prisons through syringe/needle exchange and counsel with imprisoned IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastrology, Integrative functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anahita Babak
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Behrooz Ataei, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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33
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Ataei B, Hashemipour M, Kassaian N, Hassannejad R, Nokhodian Z, Adibi P. Prevalence of anti HCV infection in patients with Beta-thalassemia in isfahan-iran. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S118-23. [PMID: 22826753 PMCID: PMC3399295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis infection (PTH). Patients with thalassemia major are at high risk of hepatitis C due to the blood transfusion from donors infected by HCV. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies and risk factors in multitransfused thalassemic patients in Isfahan-Iran to establish more preventive strategies. METHODS This study was conducted to assess the patients with beta-thalassemia in Isfahan hospitals during 1996-2011 for HCV infection. A structured interview questionnaire was developed by the trained researcher to collect the demographic and risk factors. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test, Mann-Withney and multiple logistic regressions using SPSS software, version 15. RESULTS 466 patients with major thalassemia participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 17.46 ± 8.3. Two hundred and seventy (58.3%) and 193 (41.7%) of participants were male and female, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was estimated 8% among thalassemia patients. History of surgery, history of dental procedure, number of units transfused per month, number of transfusion per month and duration of transfusion had significant association with HCV seropositivity in univariate analysis. There were no statistical significant risk factors for HCV seropositivity in multiple logistic regression models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that blood transfusion was the main risk factors for HCV infection among beta-thalassemic patients. Therefore, more blood donor screening programs and effective screening techniques are needed to prevent transmission of HCV infection among beta-thalassemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hashemipour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Nazila Kassaian, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yazdani MR, Kassaian N, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Adibi P. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with hemophilia in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S89-93. [PMID: 22826775 PMCID: PMC3399298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with hereditary bleeding disorders are at risk of viral infection such as hepatitis C due to frequent transfusion of blood and blood products. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C and associated risk factors in hemophilic patients in Isfahan, the second big province in Iran. METHODS In a descriptive study, patients with hemophilia in Isfahan province were enrolled. A questionnaire, including demographic and risk factors of hepatitis C was completed through a structured interview with closed questions by a trained interviewer for each patient and HCV-Ab test results were extracted from patient records. RESULTS In this study, 232 of 350 patients with hemophilia A and B (66%) were positive for hepatitis C. Based on Multivariate Logistic Regression model, no independent risk factor was found. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of hepatitis C in patients with haemophilia A and B in Isfahan is high. Since no independent risk factor for hepatitis C disease was found in this high risk group, it can be concluded that multitransfusion is the only predictor for hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Yazdani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Peyman Adibi, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Shoaei P, Zeidabadinejad L, Hassannejad R, Ataei B, Yaran M, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Foroughifar M. Seroprevalence of hepatitis a in patients with chronic hepatitis C in isfahan province. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S102-6. [PMID: 22826750 PMCID: PMC3399306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Hepatitis C Virus infection are at high risk of getting hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis A virus is an important widespread virus that usually causes more severe medical consequences in patients with chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus antibody in patients with chronic HCV in Isfahan province, Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 117 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus from spring 2010 to spring 2011. Subject's characteristics such as age, gender, education, genotype of HCV infection and history of intravenous drug use were collected by questionnaire and studied. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (version 19.0. 2010, SPSS) using Chi-square test, Fisher Exact tests and Cochran-Armitage trend test. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 33.18 ± 10.97 years. The seroprevalence of HAV was 94.9% in patients with chronic HCV. The prevalence of anti-HAV increased nearly as age increased. But, there was no statistically significant difference in HAV positive rate according to the age groups (P = 0.242) and other patient's characteristics. CONCLUSIONS According to the high HAV immunity in our study and less severe form of HAV infection, vaccination was not required in these patients. However, hepatitis A vaccination program should be performed in HAV seronegative patients with HCV to produce an adequate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shoaei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Zeidabadinejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Behrooz Ataei, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Foroughifar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nokhodian Z, Meshkati M, Adibi P, Ataei B, Kassaian N, Yaran M, Shoaei P, Hassannejad R. Hepatitis C among Intravenous Drug Users in Isfahan, Iran: a Study of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S131-8. [PMID: 22826755 PMCID: PMC3399288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major public health problems worldwide which is transmitted through contact with infected blood or blood products. One of the most prevalent modes of HCV transmission is injecting drug with unclean needles or syringes. Therefore intravenous drug users (IVDUs) are the most important group who should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus in IVDUs population. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out on intravenous drug users who attended health and social care Drop-in centers during November 2008 to February 2009 in Isfahan province, Iran. Data was gathered using interviewer-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics and main risk factors for HCV infection. 5ml venous blood sample was obtained from each subject. The HCV-Ab test was performed on all blood samples by ELISA. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and multiple logistic regressions by SPSS software, version 15. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 31.77 ± 8.51. 503 (94.7%) were men and 28 (5.3%) were women. HCV seroprevalence was 47.1% (95% CI: 42.9, 51.3). The multiple logistic regressions demonstrated that history of tattooing (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02-2.90), history of imprisonment (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.40-4.42) and sharing needles/syringes (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.54-4.95) are significant predictors of risk of HCV in IVDU population. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, according to the high prevalence of HCV infection among IVDUs and high adds of HCV infection from tattooing, sharing of needles/syringes and imprisonment, effective harm reduction programs should be expanded among IVDUs to prevent new HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Meshkati
- Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Shoaei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to:Razieh Hassannejad, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Kassaian N, Yaran M, Hassannejad R, Adibi P. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus among Juveniles in Correctional Center in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:S113-7. [PMID: 22826752 PMCID: PMC3399313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juveniles in custody are affected by blood borne viruses due to high rates of risk behaviors. Therefore, they have a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The purpose of the present study was to determine prevalence and associated characteristics of hepatitis C infection in inmates of a correctional center in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of HCV infection in 160 youths, who were admitted to correctional center in Isfahan during 2008-2009. Subjects were asked questions regarding behaviors that might put them at high risk for acquiring HCV and blood was drawn for this test. Sera were analyzed for HCV Ab and RIBA test was performed on antibody-positive HCV. We used Chi-square test and logistic regression model to analyze data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 160 young prisoners (147 boys and 13 girls) were studied. The mean age of the inmates was 16.59 ± 1.24 year. A history of intravenous drug addiction was reported in 3.8% of them. HCV infection was detected in 7 (4.4%) subjects. This study revealed that history of IDU was the main risk factor for HCV (OR, 134.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.29-2481.03). CONCLUSIONS To prevent HCV transmission, proper drug prevention educations should be performed in young age prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Behrooz Ataei, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Etebari M, Khodarahmi G, Jafarian-Dehkordi A, Nokhodian Z. Genotoxic effects of some l-[(benzofuran-2-yl)-phenylmethyl]-imidazoles on MCF-7 cell line. Res Pharm Sci 2012; 7. [PMID: 23181097 PMCID: PMC3501928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased exposure to estrogen has been associated with the risk of breast cancer. Substituted benzofuran derivatives with inhibitory effects on estrogen synthesis could be considered as a potential approach to reduce the risk of breast cancer. The study of cytotoxic effects of these compounds has suggested involvement of other mechanisms such as DNA damage. In the current study we have investigated genotoxic effects of some benzofuran derivatives on MCF-7 cell line. The MCF-7 cell line was exposed both to benzofuran phenylmethyl imidazole and its 4- fluoro, 4-chloro, 2-methoxy and 2-methyl derivatives for 2 h. The Comet assay was used to examine DNA damage due to this exposure. We also studied the DNA repair capacity after 2 h exposure to genotoxic concentrations of these compounds and their recovery were evaluated after 17 and 24 h, using the comet assay. The results indicated that genotoxic effects of these compounds appeared in concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. The 4- fluoro and 4-chloro derivatives exhibited the highest genotoxicity and the unsubstituted benzofuran phenylmethyl imidazole had the lowest effect. The 4- fluoro, 4-chloro and 2-methyl derivatives were recovered after 24 h while 2-methoxy and the unsubstituted derivatives were recovered after 17 h. The results showed that these compounds are genotoxic and the concentration of tested benzofuran derivatives with genotoxic effects are not close to their enzyme inhibitory concentration. Moreover, our study shows that the DNA damages are repairable. Therefore, it seems that the investigated compounds have the potentials as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.
| | - G.A. Khodarahmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.
| | - A. Jafarian-Dehkordi
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.
| | - Z. Nokhodian
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R.Iran.,Corresponding author: Z. Nokhodian, this paper is extracted from the M.Sc. thesis No. 389388 Tel. 0098 311 7922634, Fax. 0098 311 6680011
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Ataei B, Yazdani MR, Kalantari H, Yaran M, Nokhodian Z, Javadi AA, Babak A, Adibi P. Hepatitis D virus infection in Isfahan, central Iran: Prevalence and risk factors among chronic HBV infection cases. Hepat Mon 2011; 11:269-72. [PMID: 22706272 PMCID: PMC3206699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is dependent on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Acute infection with HDV can occur simultaneously with acute HBV infection or be superimposed onto a chronic HBV infection. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify cases of HDV and determine its prevalence in patients with chronic HBV infection for the first time study in Isfahan, central Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study in 2009, 346 who had been diagnosed for at least 6 months with chronic HBV were enrolled consecutively. Anti-HDV was measured by ELISA in the serum of these patients. RESULTS The study included 245 males (70.8%) and 101 (29.2%) females with a mean age of 39 ± 12.4 years. Anti-HDV was present in 8 (3.5%) HBe antibody-positive patients (p = 0.36) and in 2 (2.3%) HBe antigen-positive cases (p = 0.68). No association was found between hepatitis D and probable risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the prevalence of HDV infection is higher in patients who are positive for HBeAb compared those who are HBeAg-positive. Therefore, most HDV antibody-positive cases in Isfahan are HBV/HDV superinfections but not coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ataei
- Isfahan Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yazdani
- Isfahan Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Kalantari
- Isfahan Liver Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Isfahan Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Isfahan Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Javadi
- Isfahan Infectious Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Anahita Babak
- Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Liver Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran,Corresponding author at: Peyman Adibi, Isfahan Liver Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-3117923060, Fax: +98-3116687898, E-mail:
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Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Babak A, Shoaei P, Kassaian N, Ataie M. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus among street children in Isfahan, Iran (2005–2007). Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Tayeri K, Radfar SR, Yaran M, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Ataei B, Fadaei R. Isolation of hepatitis C virus in norjizac vials. Hepat Mon 2010; 10:65-6. [PMID: 22308130 PMCID: PMC3270349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Tayeri
- Isfahan Triangular Clinic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ramin Radfar
- Isfahan Triangular Clinic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Yaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author at: Behrooz Ataei, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel.: +983113359359, E-mail:
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Isfahan Triangular Clinic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ataei B, Saidi A, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Jalali M. Knowledge and Practice about Aids, Hepatitis B and C in Barbers. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ataei B, Araghi A, Kassaian N, Nokhodian Z, Karimi I. Pleural Fluid Cholesterol and Bilirubin Value in Diagnostic of Exudative from Transudative Pleural Effusion. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Javadi AA, Kassaian N, Shoaei P, Farajzadegan Z, Adibi P. Hepatitis E virus in Isfahan Province: a population-based study. Int J Infect Dis 2008; 13:67-71. [PMID: 18599335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis with the highest incidence in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central America. There are few published data on the epidemiology of the infection in Iran. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate anti-HEV seroprevalence in Isfahan Province, Iran. METHODS In 2005, a cross-sectional study of 816 subjects over 6 years of age from urban and rural areas of Isfahan Province, selected using the multistage cluster sampling method, was undertaken. Demographic data and blood samples were collected, and anti-HEV antibodies were measured by ELISA method. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Of the study subjects, 428 were female (52.5%) and 388 were male (47.5%). The overall anti-HEV seroprevalence rate was 3.8%. There was no significant difference in HEV seropositivity between the subjects grouped according to gender (4.2% in females and 3.4% in males, p=0.78), household number (p=0.95), and area of residence (2.7% in rural and 4.1% in urban areas, p=0.09). HEV seroprevalence increased with age from 0.9% in children aged 6-9 years to 8.1% in persons over 50 years old, without statistical differences (p=0.08). There were statistical differences in HEV seropositivity in the different regions of Isfahan Province, with the highest prevalence seen in Khomeini Shahr (13.3%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION HEV seroprevalence in Isfahan Province is lower than that previously reported in other parts of Iran and the Middle East area. More studies in other parts of Iran are needed to obtain a prevalence map for creating preventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Ataei B, Javadi AA, Nokhodian Z, Kassaeian N, Shoaei P, Farajzadegan Z, Adibi P. HAV in Isfahan province: a population-based study. Trop Gastroenterol 2008; 29:160-162. [PMID: 19115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis A infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Improved sanitary conditions have resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis A. There is inadequate data about the epidemiology of this infection in Iran. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-HAV seroprevalence in Isfahan Province in Iran in 2006. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 816 subjects over 6 years from urban and rural areas of the Isfahan Province in 2006 using the multi-stage cluster sampling method were selected. Demographic data and blood samples were collected and anti-HAV antibodies were measured by ELISA. Chi-square, odds ratio and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis and a p value<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The subjects of this study included 428 female and 388 male subjects. The overall anti-HAV seroprevalence rate was 8.33%. There were statistical differences between HAV seropositivity in districts of Isfahan province; the highest seropositivity was seen in Borkhar and Meimeh (28.6%) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in HAV seropositivity between the subjects grouped according to demographic factors. CONCLUSION HAV seroprevalence in Isfahan province is not high that can caused by improved sanitary conditions. More studeis in other parts of Iran are needed to set new strategy for post exposure prophylaxis and hepatitis A vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ataei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Communical Social Medicine & Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Iran
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