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Lazarus M, Gančević P, Orct T, Barišić D, Jerina K, Šprem N. Barbary sheep tissues as bioindicators of radionuclide and stabile element contamination in Croatia: exposure assessment for consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14521-14533. [PMID: 30877528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, liver and kidney of 21 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from Mosor Mountain, Croatia, were sampled to quantify the activity of caesium and potassium radionuclides and five toxic and ten essential stabile elements in order to establish reference values for this species and to evaluate the potential of Barbary sheep tissues to reflect environmental pollution. We also assessed seasonal diet (botanical composition and dry matter content) of Barbary sheep based on analyses of a rumen content of culled animals. None of the 19 plant species (mostly grasses) identified as part of the Barbary sheep diet is known as a stabile element or radionuclide hyperaccumulator. Measured levels reflected low environmental pollution with arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, with levels generally less than those reported for wild herbivorous ungulates. Methodological differences (detection limit of elements in muscle) were shown to hamper interpretation and comparison of the Toxic Contamination Index (TCI) values with those published for other species. There was no homeostasis disturbance of trace elements in Barbary sheep, either due to inadequate intake via food or as an adverse effect due to a high toxic metal(loid) burden. Consumption of the muscle and liver of wild Barbary sheep can be considered safe for the health of adult consumers regarding toxic metal(loid)s and radioactive caesium, though the liver should be avoided as a food item in vulnerable population groups due to the possible adverse effects of cadmium and lead. Otherwise, muscle and liver are a rich source of copper, iron, selenium and zinc for consumers and, as such, can benefit the overall dietary intake of essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavao Gančević
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delko Barišić
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, PO Box 160, Bijenička 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klemen Jerina
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Paisrisarn P, Tepaamorndech S, Khongkow M, Khemthong P, Kasamechonchung P, Klysubun W, Wutikhun T, Huang L, Chantarasakha K, Boonrungsiman S. Alterations of mineralized matrix by lead exposure in osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) culture. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:172-181. [PMID: 30312686 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of lead (Pb) on bone ultrastructure and chemistry using an in vitro bone model. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were differentiated and treated with lead acetate at 0.4, 2, 10, and 50 μM. No abnormalities in either cell growth or bone nodule formation were observed with the treated dose of lead acetate. However, Pb treatments could significantly increase Pb accumulation in differentiated osteoblast cultures and upregulate expression of Divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) in a dose dependent manner. Pb treatments also altered the expression of osteogenic genes, including secreted phosphoprotein 1, osteocalcin, type I collagen, and osteoprotegerin. Moreover, in mineralized osteoblast cultures, Pb was found to be mainly deposited as Pb salts and oxides, respectively. Ultrastructure analysis revealed Pb localizing with calcium and phosphorus in the mineralized matrix. In mineralizing osteoblast cells, Pb was found in the intracellular calcified vesicles which is one of the bone mineralization mechanisms. Pb was also present in mineral deposits with various shapes and sizes, such as small and large globular or needle-like mineral deposits representing early to mature stages of mineral deposits. Furthermore, Pb was found more in the globular deposits than the needle shaped mineral crystals. Taken together, our observations revealed how Pb incorporates into bone tissue, and showed a close association with bone apatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Paisrisarn
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Surapun Tepaamorndech
- National Center of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongtanawat Khemthong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panita Kasamechonchung
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wantana Klysubun
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tuksadon Wutikhun
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Liping Huang
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kanittha Chantarasakha
- National Center of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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Lazarus M, Orct T, Reljić S, Sedak M, Bilandžić N, Jurasović J, Huber Đ. Trace and macro elements in the femoral bone as indicators of long-term environmental exposure to toxic metals in European brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21656-21670. [PMID: 29785603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explored the long-term accumulation of aluminium, strontium, cadmium and lead in the compact and trabecular bone of the femoral epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis in 41 brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia. Also, we assessed their influence on macro and trace elements (sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc and barium) in bears' bone. There were no sex differences in element levels in general, while age was associated with bone length and levels of all elements, except for cadmium. Elements had different levels depending on the part of the bone sampled. More pronounced differences were observed between the compact and trabecular regions, with higher levels of majority of elements found in compact bone. Moderate to high associations (Spearman coefficient, rS = 0.59-0.97) were confirmed between calcium and potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, cobalt, zinc, strontium and lead. Lead levels in the bone were below those known to cause adverse health effects, but in 4 of 41 animals they exceeded baseline levels for domestic animals. The femoral bone of the brown bear reflected the accumulative nature of lead and strontium well, as it did the impairment of bone-forming essential element levels associated with these two elements. However, the distribution pattern of elements along the bone was not uniform, so additional care should be taken when choosing on the part of the bone sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Reljić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sedak
- Laboratory for Determination of Residues, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Bilandžić
- Laboratory for Determination of Residues, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Đuro Huber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Kueper J, Beyth S, Liebergall M, Kaplan L, Schroeder JE. Evidence for the adverse effect of starvation on bone quality: a review of the literature. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:628740. [PMID: 25810719 PMCID: PMC4355339 DOI: 10.1155/2015/628740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and starvation's possible adverse impacts on bone health and bone quality first came into the spotlight after the horrors of the Holocaust and the ghettos of World War II. Famine and food restrictions led to a mean caloric intake of 200-800 calories a day in the ghettos and concentration camps, resulting in catabolysis and starvation of the inhabitants and prisoners. Severely increased risks of fracture, poor bone mineral density, and decreased cortical strength were noted in several case series and descriptive reports addressing the medical issues of these individuals. A severe effect of severely diminished food intake and frequently concomitant calcium- and Vitamin D deficiencies was subsequently proven in both animal models and the most common cause of starvation in developed countries is anorexia nervosa. This review attempts to summarize the literature available on the impact of the metabolic response to Starvation on overall bone health and bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kueper
- Charité University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaul Beyth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leon Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Josh E. Schroeder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Dahl C, Søgaard AJ, Tell GS, Flaten TP, Hongve D, Omsland TK, Holvik K, Meyer HE, Aamodt G. Do cadmium, lead, and aluminum in drinking water increase the risk of hip fractures? A NOREPOS study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:14-23. [PMID: 24287706 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate relations between cadmium, lead, and aluminum in municipality drinking water and the incidence of hip fractures in the Norwegian population. A trace metals survey in 566 waterworks was linked geographically to hip fractures from hospitals throughout the country (1994-2000). In all those supplied from these waterworks, 5,438 men and 13,629 women aged 50-85 years suffered a hip fracture. Poisson regression models were fitted, adjusting for age, region of residence, urbanization, and type of water source as well as other possibly bone-related water quality factors. Effect modification by background variables and interactions between water quality factors were examined (correcting for false discovery rate). Men exposed to a relatively high concentration of cadmium (IRR = 1.10; 95 % CI 1.01, 1.20) had an increased risk of fracture. The association between relatively high lead and hip fracture risk was significant in the oldest age group (66-85 years) for both men (IRR = 1.11; 95 % CI 1.02, 1.21) and women (IRR = 1.10; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.16). Effect modification by degree of urbanization on hip fracture risk in men was also found for all three metals: cadmium, lead, and aluminum. In summary, a relatively high concentration of cadmium, lead, and aluminum measured in drinking water increased the risk of hip fractures, but the associations depended on gender, age, and urbanization degree. This study could help in elucidating the complex effects on bone health by risk factors found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dahl
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway,
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Budis H, Kalisinska E, Lanocha N, Kosik-Bogacka DI. The concentration of manganese, iron and strontium in bone of red fox Vulpes vulpes (L. 1758). Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:361-9. [PMID: 24013932 PMCID: PMC3825612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and strontium (Sr) concentrations in fox bone samples from north-western Poland and to examine the relationships between the bone Mn, Fe and Sr concentrations and the sex and age of the foxes. In the studied samples of fox cartilage, cartilage with adjacent compact bone, compact bone and spongy bone, the concentrations of the analysed metals had the following descending order: Fe > Sr > Mn. The only exception was in compact bone, in which the concentrations were arranged in the order Sr > Fe > Mn. Manganese concentrations were significantly higher in cartilage, compact bone and cartilage with compact bone than in spongy bone. Iron concentrations were higher in cartilage and spongy bone compared with compact bone. Strontium concentrations were greater in compact bone than in cartilage and spongy bone. The manganese, iron and strontium concentrations in the same type of bone material in many cases correlated with each other, with the strongest correlation (r > 0.70) between Mn and Fe in almost all types of samples. In addition, concentrations of the same metals in different bone materials were closely correlated for Mn and Fe in cartilage and cartilage with adjacent compact bone, and for Sr in compact bone and cartilage with compact bone. In the fox from NW Poland, there were no statistically significant differences in Mn, Fe and Sr in any of the types of bone material between the sexes and immature and adult foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Budis
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Health Education, University of Szczecin, Piastow 40B, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kalisinska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Lanocha
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta I. Kosik-Bogacka
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Lanocha N, Kalisinska E, Kosik-Bogacka DI, Budis H, Sokolowski S, Bohatyrewicz A. Comparison of metal concentrations in bones of long-living mammals. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:195-203. [PMID: 23377610 PMCID: PMC3624004 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations in the bones of long-living mammals-humans (Homo sapiens) and Canidae (dogs Canis familiaris and foxes Vulpes vulpes) from northwestern Poland and to determine the usefulness of Canidae as bioindicators of environmental exposure to metals in humans. Zinc concentrations in cartilage with adjacent compact bone and in spongy bone were highest in foxes (∼120 mg/kg dry weight (dw)) and lowest in dogs (80 mg/kg dw). Copper concentrations in cartilage with adjacent compact bone were greatest in foxes (1.17 mg/kg dw) and smallest in humans (∼0.8 mg/kg dw), while in spongy bone they were greatest in dogs (0.76 mg/kg dw) and lowest in foxes (0.45 mg/kg dw). Lead concentrations in both analyzed materials were highest in dogs (>3 mg/kg dw) and lowest in humans (>0.6 mg/kg dw). Cadmium concentration, also in both the analyzed materials, were highest in foxes (>0.15 mg/kg dw) and lowest in humans (>0.04 mg/kg dw). Mercury concentration in bones was low and did not exceed 0.004 mg/kg dw in all the examined species. The concentrations of essential metals in the bones of the examined long-living mammals were similar. The different concentrations of toxic metals were due to environmental factors. As bone tissues are used in the assessment of the long-term effects of environmental exposure to heavy metals on the human body, ecotoxicological studies on the bones of domesticated and wild long-living mammals, including Canidae, may constitute a significant supplement to this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lanocha
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kalisinska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta I. Kosik-Bogacka
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Halina Budis
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Sokolowski
- Chair and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bohatyrewicz
- Chair and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Landete-Castillejos T, Currey JD, Ceacero F, García AJ, Gallego L, Gomez S. Does nutrition affect bone porosity and mineral tissue distribution in deer antlers? The relationship between histology, mechanical properties and mineral composition. Bone 2012; 50:245-54. [PMID: 22071000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that porosity has an inverse relationship with the mechanical properties of bones. We examined cortical and trabecular porosity of antlers, and mineral composition, thickness and mechanical properties in the cortical wall. Samples belonged to two deer populations: a captive population of an experimental farm having a high quality diet, and a free-ranging population feeding on plants of lower nutritive quality. As shown for minerals and mechanical properties in previous studies by our group, cortical and trabecular porosity increased from the base distally. Cortical porosity was always caused by the presence of incomplete primary osteons. Porosity increased along the length of the antler much more in deer with lower quality diet. Despite cortical porosity being inversely related to mechanical properties and positively with K, Zn and other minerals indicating physiological effort, it was these minerals and not porosity that statistically better explained variability in mechanical properties. Histochemistry showed that the reason for this is that Zn is located around incomplete osteons and also in complete osteons that were still mineralizing, whereas K is located in non-osteonal bone, which constitutes a greater proportion of bone where osteons are incompletely mineralized. This suggests that, K, Zn and other minerals indicate reduction in mechanical performance even with little porosity. If a similar process occurred in internal bones, K, Zn and other minerals in the bone may be an early indicator of decrease in mechanical properties and future osteoporosis. In conclusion, porosity is related to diet and physiological effort in deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Landete-Castillejos
- Animal Science Tech. Applied to Wildlife Management Res. Group, IREC Sec. Albacete, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Campus UCLM, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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Alver K, Meyer HE, Falch JA, Søgaard AJ. Outdoor air pollution, bone density and self-reported forearm fracture: the Oslo Health Study. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1751-60. [PMID: 20077108 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Air pollution is associated with several adverse health outcomes and increased mortality. In the Oslo Health Study, an association between long-term outdoor air pollution exposure and bone health was suggested in men aged 75/76 years, but not in younger men or in women. INTRODUCTION Associations have been found between air pollution and a range of diseases, but few have studied whether bone health differs according to the concentration of air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between indicators of air pollution and bone health. METHODS Self-reported forearm fracture was assessed in men and women 75/76 and 59/60 years (n = 5,976) participating in the Oslo Health Study 2000-2001. In subsamples of the participants (n = 1,039), we studied the relation between air pollution and forearm bone mineral density (BMD) measured by single X-ray absorptiometry. Exposure to air pollution (particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))) at each participant's home address was estimated from 1992 to 2001. RESULTS We found no associations between air pollution and self-reported forearm fractures or BMD in men aged 59/60 years or in women. In men aged 75/76 years, an increment of 10 units in PM(2.5) was associated with a reduction in distal forearm BMD of 64 mg/cm(2) (p < 0.05), and with an increased prevalence of forearm fracture after the age of 50 years among current smokers, OR = 7.4 (p < 0.05). Similar patterns of associations were suggested for PM(10) and NO(2). CONCLUSIONS In this study, bone health was not associated with long-term exposure to air pollution in women and in men 59/60 years of age. However, a negative association was suggested in elderly men. Further studies with improved measures of air pollution are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alver
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Landete-Castillejos T, Currey JD, Estevez JA, Fierro Y, Calatayud A, Ceacero F, Garcia AJ, Gallego L. Do drastic weather effects on diet influence changes in chemical composition, mechanical properties and structure in deer antlers? Bone 2010; 47:815-25. [PMID: 20673821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to determine why after an exceptionally hard winter deer antlers fractured more often than usual. We assessed mechanical properties, structural variables and mineral composition of deer antlers grown in a game estate (LM) after freezing temperatures (late winter frosts, LWF), which resulted in high incidence of antler fractures despite being grown later in the year, and those grown after a standard winter (SW). Within each year, specimens from broken and intact antlers were assessed. LWF was associated with reduced impact energy (U) and somewhat reduced work to peak force (W), Young's modulus (E) and physical density, as well as cortical thickness. LWF was associated with considerably increased Si and reduced Na. In each year, broken antlers had lower Mn, P and physical density, and they had more Na and B than unbroken antlers. Because no such effect was found in farmed deer fed whole meal, and because freezing in plants usually produces an increase in Si content, which in turn reduces Mn, it is likely that LWF produced a diet rich in Si and low in Mn. Because antlers are grown transferring calcium phosphate from the own skeleton and Ca/P levels were slightly reduced, it seems likely that Mn reduction may have increased antler fractures. A comparison between farm deer and those in another game estate (LI) also shows a link between lower Mn content and lower W. Thus, small changes in minor bone minerals, probably induced by diet, may have marked effects in mechanical properties of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Landete-Castillejos
- Animal Science Tech. Applied to Wildlife Management Res. Group, IREC Sec. Albacete, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
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Gangoso L, Alvarez-Lloret P, Rodríguez-Navarro AAB, Mateo R, Hiraldo F, Donázar JA. Long-term effects of lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:569-574. [PMID: 18995938 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived species are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation of lead in bone tissues. In this paper we gain insights into the sublethal effects of lead contamination on Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus). Our approach was done on the comparison of two populations (Canary Islands and Iberian Peninsula) differing in exposures to the ingestion of lead ammunition. Blood lead levels were higher in the island population (Canary Islands range: 5.10-1780 microg L(-1) n=137; Iberian Peninsula range: 5.60-217.30 microg L(-1) n=32) showing clear seasonal trends, peaking during the hunting season. Moreover, males were more susceptible to lead accumulation than females. Bone lead concentration increased with age, reflecting a bioaccumulation effect. The bone composition was significatively altered by this contaminant: the mineralization degree decreased as lead concentration levels increased. These results demonstrate the existence of long-term effects of lead poisoning, which may be of importance in the declines of threatened populations of long-lived species exposed to this contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gangoso
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Avda M(a) Luisa s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Stevenson KT, van Tets IG. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately and nondestructively measure the body composition of small, free-living rodents. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:373-82. [PMID: 18419562 DOI: 10.1086/587096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a nondestructive technique that can potentially measure specific components of whole-body composition in free-living and lab-raised animals. Our aim was to test the ability of DXA to measure the composition of a common arvicoline rodent, the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus). We used a DXA apparatus to obtain measurements of fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM),bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and fat-free mass(FFM) in carcasses of free-living and lab-raised voles. We then used chemical carcass analysis to derive predictive algorithms for actual values of FM, total body water, total protein, total mineral, LM, and FFM. Unexplained error in the equations for all voles grouped collectively ranged from R(2) = 0.82 to R(2) = 0.98. The DXA FM measurement had the highest coefficient of variation, and it was higher for free-living voles than for lab-raised voles. However, FM can be determined by difference with excellent precision by using the FFM equation (R(2) = 0.98). We also derived corrective terms for passive integrated transponder-tagged animals. Thus, DXA is a nonlethal, nondestructive tool capable of precisely and accurately measuring many specific parameters of whole-body composition in small free-living and lab-raised rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalb T Stevenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Drive, Ecosystems Biomedical Building 130, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
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Relationship of blood lead levels to incident nonspine fractures and falls in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:1417-25. [PMID: 18410230 PMCID: PMC2683156 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead is stored in the skeleton and can serve as an endogenous source for many years. Lead may influence the risk of fracture, through direct effects on bone strength or indirectly by disturbing neuromuscular function and increasing the risk of falls. The objective of this analysis is to test the hypothesis that women with higher blood lead levels experience higher rates of falls and fracture. This was a prospective cohort study of 533 women 65-87 yr of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at two U.S. research centers (Baltimore, MD; Monongahela Valley, PA) from 1986 to 1988. Blood lead levels (in microg/dl) were measured in 1990-1991 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and classified as "low" (<or=3; lower 15th percentile, referent); "medium" (4-7); or "high" (>or=8; upper 15th percentile). Total hip BMD was measured by DXA twice, 3.55 yr apart. Information on falls was collected every 4 mo for 4 yr. Incident nonspine fractures were identified and confirmed over 10 yr. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of fracture. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the incident rate ratio of falls (95% CI). The mean blood lead level was 5.3 +/- 2.3 (SD) microg/dl (range, 1-21 microg/dl). Baseline BMD was 7% lower in total hip and 5% lower in femoral neck in the highest compared with lowest blood lead group (p < 0.02). Hip bone loss tended to be greater in the high lead group, but differences were not significant. In multivariable adjusted models, women with high blood lead levels had an increased risk of nonspine fracture (HR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.25, 5.03; p trend = 0.016) and higher risk of falls (incident rate ratio = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.45; p trend = 0.014) compared with women with lowest lead level. Blood lead levels are associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, extending the negative health consequences of lead to include osteoporotic fractures.
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Alvaer K, Meyer HE, Falch JA, Nafstad P, Søgaard AJ. Outdoor air pollution and bone mineral density in elderly men - the Oslo Health Study. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:1669-74. [PMID: 17619807 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and outdoor air pollution has not previously been explored. In this study including 590 elderly men, total body BMD was inversely associated with indicators of air pollution. Further studies to address any relation between air pollution and BMD and bone fracture are warranted. INTRODUCTION The relation between air pollution and bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. Based on higher fracture rates and more osteoporosis in urban compared to rural populations, this exploratory study aimed at investigating the association between indicators of air pollution and BMD. METHODS In an osteoporosis sub-study of the population-based Oslo Health Study (2000-2001) BMD of total body and total hip (mg/cm(2)) was measured by DXA in 590 men 75-76 years old. Exposure to air pollution (particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))) at each participant's home address was estimated from 1992 to 2001. RESULTS Air pollution was inversely associated with total body BMD, whereas no significant association was found for total hip BMD. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] for low total body BMD (Z-score <or=-1) was per standard deviation increase 1.33 [1.05-1.70] for PM(2.5), 1.28 [1.00-1.63] for PM(10), and 1.24 [0.97-1.59] for NO(2). Stratified by smoking status the adjusted OR for PM(2.5) was 1.73 [1.02-2.95] in current smokers, 1.40 [1.03-1.90] in former smokers and 0.83 [0.43-1.58] in non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS There was a weak but statistically significant inverse association between indicators of air pollution and total body BMD. Further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alvaer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4404, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess changes in spine BMD over time in relation to changes in bone and blood lead levels and baseline risk factors among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho. METHODS Spine BMD was measured using Norland XR-26 X-Ray bone densitometer. Cd109 K XRF system was used to estimate tibia bone lead content. Blood lead levels were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption with Zeeman effect background correction. Information about risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire. RESULTS In the final backward stepwise multivariate regression model after controlling for baseline BMD, baseline blood lead measured in 1994 and time since menopause; spine bone density in 2000 decreased with increasing blood lead levels in 2000 in all these women, especially if they worked in a technical job (miner) most of the time at the smelter. CONCLUSIONS Blood lead may adversely affect bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Potula
- Division of Health Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Potula V, Kaye W. Report from the CDC. Is lead exposure a risk factor for bone loss? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2005; 14:461-4. [PMID: 16114996 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Potula
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Health Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Mateo R, Beyer WN, Spann JW, Hoffman DJ. Relation of fatty acid composition in lead-exposed mallards to fat mobilization, lipid peroxidation and alkaline phosphatase activity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2003; 135:451-8. [PMID: 12965190 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(03)00148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increase of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in animal tissues has been proposed as a mechanism of lead (Pb) poisoning through lipid peroxidation or altered eicosanoids metabolism. We have studied fatty acid (FA) composition in liver and brain of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) feeding for 3 weeks on diets containing combinations of low or high levels of vitamin E (20 or 200 UI/kg) and Pb (0 or 2 g/kg). Saturated FA, n-6 PUFA and total concentrations of FA were higher in livers of Pb-exposed mallards, but not in their brains. The percentage of n-6 PUFA in liver and brain was slightly higher in Pb-exposed mallards. The increase of n-6 PUFA in liver was associated with decreased triglycerides and increased cholesterol in plasma, thus could be in part attributed to feed refusal and fat mobilization. The hepatic ratios between adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) or between adrenic acid and linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) were higher in Pb exposed birds, supporting the existing hypothesis of increased fatty acid elongation by Pb. Among the possible consequences of increased n-6 PUFA concentration in tissues, we found increased lipid peroxidation in liver without important histopathological changes, and decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity that may reflect altered bone metabolism in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mateo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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