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Khalil MKN, Abd Razak MA, Tahir FA, Sahril N, Shahein NA, Rezali MS, Adnan MAA, Liew SH, Ab Wahab N, Shamsuddin N, Kassim MSA. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia among Orang Asli Children in Malaysia: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061493. [PMID: 36986223 PMCID: PMC10053598 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia continues to be a global public health burden affecting all age groups, particularly children. Indigenous people, including the Orang Asli (OA) population in Malaysia, are at risk of anaemia due to the vast disparities in social determinants of health in their population compared to the non-indigenous population. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among OA children in Malaysia and analyse the knowledge gaps. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. RESULTS This review identified six studies involving the participation of OA children from eight subtribes residing in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall prevalence of anaemia among OA children ranged from 21.6 to 80.0%, with iron deficiency anaemia prevalence at 34.0%. The risk factors of anaemia among OA children reported from one study in this review were being younger than ten years old children (AOR 2.11 (95% CI 1.23, 3.63)) and moderate to heavy Ascaris infections (AOR 2.05 (95% CI 1.12, 3.76)). There was no data from OA children from certain age groups and subtribes. Additionally, there is a paucity of data on risk factors for anaemia among OA children from the currently available evidence. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anaemia among OA children poses a moderate to severe public health concern. Therefore, more comprehensive studies in the future are needed to address the gaps identified in this review, primarily regarding anaemia risk factors. This data would encourage policymakers in devising effective national prevention strategies to improve morbidity and mortality among OA children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Athirah Tahir
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Sahril
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nik Adilah Shahein
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Solihin Rezali
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azri Adam Adnan
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Siaw Hun Liew
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nor'ain Ab Wahab
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Shamsuddin
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
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Meedsen P, Sathirapanya C. Developing and Implementing an Action Plan among the "Orang Asali" Minority in Southernmost Thailand for Equitable Accessibility to Public Health Care and Public Services Following the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5018. [PMID: 36981928 PMCID: PMC10049293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ending social inequality by 2030 is a goal of the United Nations' endorsed sustainable development agenda. Minority or marginalized people are susceptible to social inequality. This action research qualitatively evaluated the requirements for and barriers to full access to public services of the Orang Asali (OA), a minority people living in the Narathiwas province in southernmost Thailand. With the cooperation of the staff of the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center (SBPAC), we interviewed the OA, local governmental officers and Thai community leaders regarding the OA's living conditions and health status. Then, an action plan was developed and implemented to raise their living standards with minimal disruption to their traditional cultural beliefs and lifestyle. For systematic follow-ups, a Thai nationality registration process was carried out before the assistance was provided. Living conditions and livelihood opportunities, health care and education were the main targets of the action plan. Universal health coverage (UHC), according to Thai health policy, was applied to OA for holistic health care. The OA were satisfied with the assistance provided to them. While filling the gap of social inequality for the OA is urgent, a balance between the modern and traditional living styles should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praves Meedsen
- Institute for Development of Civil Officials in Southern Border Provinces, Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center, Meung, Yala 95000, Thailand
| | - Chutarat Sathirapanya
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Liu M, Luo Z, Zhou D, Ji L, Zhang H, Ghose B, Tang S, Wang R, Feng D. Determinants of health insurance ownership in Jordan: a cross-sectional study of population and family health survey 2017-2018. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e038945. [PMID: 33664063 PMCID: PMC7934725 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With about one-third of the population living below the poverty line, Jordan faces major healthcare, social and national development issues. Low insurance coverage among the poor and high out-of-pocket expenditure worsens the financial insecurity especially for the marginalised population. The Government of Jordan aims to achieve universal coverage of health insurance-a bold plan that requires research evidence for successful implementation. In this study, we aimed to assess the proportion of the population covered by any health insurance, and the determinants owing a health insurance. DESIGN A population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING Jordan. METHODS Data for this study were derived from the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, which was implemented by the Department of Statistics from early October 2017 to January 2018. Sample characteristics were described as percentages with 95% CIs. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate OR of health insurance ownership. Parsimonious model was employed to assess the sex and geographical differences. RESULTS Data revealed that in 2017-2018, 73.13% of the 12 992 men and women had health insurance. There was no indication of age of sex difference in health insurance ownership; however, marital status and socioeconomic factors such as wealth and education as well as internet access and geographical location appeared to be the important predictors of non-use of health insurance. The associations differed by sex and urbanicity for certain variables. Addressing these inequities may help achieve universal coverage in health insurance ownership in the population. CONCLUSIONS More than one-quarter of the population in Jordan were not insured. Efforts to decrease disparities in insurance coverage should focus on minimising socioeconomic and geographical disparities to promote equity in terms of healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Liu
- School of Business, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Zhaoxin Luo
- School of Business, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Donghua Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Research Center of Sports and Health, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Human resources are the major input in health systems. Therefore, their equitable distribution remains critical in making progress towards the goal of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate equity in the distribution of healthcare human resources across regions of Poland from 2010 to 2017. This research by applying specifically to Polish conditions will allow the existing gap in the literature to be closed. Data were derived from the Database of Statistics Poland, and the Lorenz Curve/Gini coefficient was engaged as well as the Theil index to measure the extent and drivers of inequality in the distribution of healthcare human resources in macro-regions. Population size along with crude death rates are employed as proxies for healthcare need/demand. This research has several major findings. Mainly, it was found, that the geographical distribution of all types of human resources is less equitable than is the case with population distribution. Relatively lower equity in the access to oncologists, family doctors, and cardiologists was found. There are some noticeable differences between macro-regions in the equity level of healthcare human resources distribution. This research provides various implications for policy and practice and will allow for improved planning and more efficient use of these resources.
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Bennett S, Jessani N, Glandon D, Qiu M, Scott K, Meghani A, El-Jardali F, Maceira D, Javadi D, Ghaffar A. Understanding the implications of the Sustainable Development Goals for health policy and systems research: results of a research priority setting exercise. Global Health 2020; 16:5. [PMID: 31918730 PMCID: PMC6953300 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the paradigmatic shift represented by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as compared to the Millennium Development Goals - in particular their broad and interconnected nature - a new set of health policy and systems research (HPSR) priorities are needed to inform strategies to address these interconnected goals. OBJECTIVES To identify high priority HPSR questions linked to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. METHODS We focused on three themes that we considered to be central to achieving the health related SDGs: (i) Protecting and promoting access to health services through systems of social protection (ii) Strengthening multisectoral collaborations for health and (iii) Developing more participatory and accountable institutions. We conducted 54 semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions to investigate policy-maker perspectives on evidence needs. We also conducted an overview of literature reviews in each theme. Information from these sub-studies was extracted into a matrix of possible research questions and developed into three domain-specific lists of 30-36 potential priority questions. Topic experts from the global research community then refined and ranked the proposed questions through an online platform. A final webinar on each theme sought feedback on findings. RESULTS Policy-makers continue to demand HPSR for many well-established issues such as health financing, human resources for health, and service delivery. In terms of service delivery, policy-makers wanted to know how best to strengthen primary health care and community-based systems. In the themes of social protection and multisectoral collaboration, prioritized questions had a strong emphasis on issues of practical implementation. For participatory and accountable institutions, the two priority questions focused on political factors affecting the adoption of accountability measures, as well as health worker reactions to such measures. CONCLUSIONS To achieve the SDGs, there is a continuing need for research in some already well established areas of HPSR as well as key areas highlighted by decision-makers. Identifying appropriate conceptual frameworks as well as typologies of examples may be a prerequisite for answering some of the substantive policymaker questions. In addition, implementation research engaging non-traditional stakeholders outside of the health sector will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bennett
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Nasreen Jessani
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Africa Center for Evidence (ACE), University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for Evidence Based Health Care (CEBHC), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Glandon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary Qiu
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kerry Scott
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ankita Meghani
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Daniel Maceira
- Center for the Study of State and Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dena Javadi
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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In search of Pan-American indigenous health and harmony. Global Health 2019; 15:16. [PMID: 30786901 PMCID: PMC6381669 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to describe the state of North, Central, South American and Caribbean (Pan-American) indigenous health. The second objective is to identify recommendations for optimal healthcare and research strategies to achieve indigenous health equity. Current health disparities continue to present between indigenous populations and general populations. Research foci of Pan-American indigenous health center on health outcomes for chronic and acute disease as well as presence of indigenous in data sets. Research is both qualitative and quantitative. Recommendations to improve indigenous health in effort of health equity are variable yet feasible. Stronger epidemiology, continued cohesive Pan-American global strategies, better research alignment with emphasis to quality and comprehensive metric analyses in healthcare delivery are all avenues to improve the health of the indigenous. Research and healthcare delivery on the Pan-American indigenous must be maximized for optimal results, must be representative of the indigenous communities, must be implemented in best practice and must introduce sustainable healthcare delivery for Pan-American indigenous health equity.
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Wong YS, Allotey P, Reidpath DD. Why we run when the doctor comes: Orang Asli responses to health systems in transition in Malaysia. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2018.1438588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Soon Wong
- Global Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pascale Allotey
- International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Global Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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