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Feifel S, Weilack I, Markusevics E, Zimmermann D, Wegmann-Herr P, Weber F, Richling E, Durner D. Influence of Potential Alcohol in Grapes on Phenolic and Sensory Characteristics of Red Wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12725-12737. [PMID: 38776412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Potential alcohol, as obtained by grape maturity, affects the extraction of phenolics during winemaking. The extent to which potential alcohol is correlated to phenolic and sensory characteristics of red wine was investigated. Decoupling of the ripening kinetics of grape constituents due to climate change emphasizes this question. The impact of potential alcohol, as naturally obtained by grape maturity or adjusted by sugar addition, representing high sugar but low phenolic maturity, on wine characteristics was investigated for two varieties over two vintages. Enhancement of potential alcohol to late harvest conditions did not achieve the sensory characteristics of wine made from phenolic mature grapes. An experimental model was developed revealing the contribution of potential alcohol to phenolic and sensory characteristics. In Pinot noir, anthocyanins correlated well with natural potential alcohol but were not influenced by enhanced potential alcohol. In Cabernet Sauvignon, polymeric pigments provided the most accurate information about grape maturity perception in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feifel
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ingrid Weilack
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erika Markusevics
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Zimmermann
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Pascal Wegmann-Herr
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Fabian Weber
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Department of Organic Food Quality, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Durner
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
- Department of Applied Logistics and Polymer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Carl-Schurz-Straße 10-16, 66953 Pirmasens, Germany
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Braidotti R, Falchi R, Calderan A, Pichierri A, Vankova R, Dobrev PI, Griesser M, Sivilotti P. Multi-hormonal analysis and aquaporins regulation reveal new insights on drought tolerance in grapevine. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154243. [PMID: 38593590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling the factors that foster the tolerance to water stress in plants could provide great benefits to crop productions. In a two-year experiment, two new PIWI (fungus resistant) grapevine varieties, namely Merlot Kanthus and Sauvignon Kretos (Vitis hybrids), grown in the field, were subjected to two different water regimes: weekly irrigated (IR) or not irrigated (NIR) for two months during the summer. The two varieties exhibited large differences in terms of performance under water-limiting conditions. In particular, Merlot Kanthus strongly decreased stem water potential (Ψs) under water shortage and Sauvignon Kretos maintained higher Ψs values accompanied by generally high stomatal conductance and net carbon assimilation, regardless of the treatment. We hypothesized differences in the hormonal profile that mediate most of the plant responses to stresses or in the regulation of the aquaporins that control the water transport in the leaves. In general, substantial differences were found in the abundance of different hormonal classes, with Merlot Kanthus reporting higher concentrations of cytokinins while Sauvignon Kretos higher concentrations of auxins, jasmonate and salicylic acid. Interestingly, under water stress conditions ABA modulation appeared similar between the two cultivars, while other hormones were differently modulated between the two varieties. Regarding the expression of aquaporin encoding genes, Merlot Kanthus showed a significant downregulation of VvPIP2;1 and VvTIP2;1 in leaves exposed to water stress. Both genes have probably a role in influencing leaf conductance, and VvTIP2;1 has been correlated with stomatal conductance values. This evidence suggests that the two PIWI varieties are characterized by different behaviour in response to drought. Furthermore, the findings of the study may be generalized, suggesting the involvement of a complex hormonal cross-talk and aquaporins in effectively influencing plant performance under water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Braidotti
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Rachele Falchi
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alberto Calderan
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pichierri
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Griesser
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Ohwofasa A, Dhami M, Zhang J, Tian B, Winefield C, On SLW. Influence of climatic variation on microbial communities during organic Pinot noir wine production. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296859. [PMID: 38416719 PMCID: PMC10901304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the possible impact of climatic variation on microbial community composition in organic winemaking, we employed a metabarcoding approach to scrutinize the microbiome in a commercial, organic, Pinot noir wine production system that utilizes autochthonous fermentation. We assessed microbial composition across two vintages (2018 and 2021) using biological replicates co-located at the same winery. Microbial dynamics were monitored over four important fermentation time points and correlated with contemporaneous climate data. Bacterial (RANOSIM = 0.4743, p = 0.0001) and fungal (RANOSIM = 0.4738, p = 0.0001) compositions were different in both vintages. For bacteria, Lactococcus dominated the diversity associated with the 2018 vintage, while Tatumella dominated the 2021 vintage. For fungal populations, while Saccharomyces were abundant in both vintages, key differences included Starmerella, copious in the 2018 vintage; and Metschnikowia, substantive in the 2021 vintage. Ordination plots correlated the climatic variables with microbial population differences, indicating temperature as a particularly important influence; humidity values also differed significantly between these vintages. Our data illustrates how climatic conditions may influence microbial diversity during winemaking, and further highlights the effect climate change could have on wine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghogho Ohwofasa
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Centre of Foods for Future Consumers, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Junwen Zhang
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Winefield
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Stephen L. W. On
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Centre of Foods for Future Consumers, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Konecny T, Nikoghosyan M, Binder H. Machine learning extracts marks of thiamine's role in cold acclimation in the transcriptome of Vitis vinifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303542. [PMID: 38126012 PMCID: PMC10731266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The escalating challenge of climate change has underscored the critical need to understand cold defense mechanisms in cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera. Temperature variations can affect the growth and overall health of vine. Methods We used Self Organizing Maps machine learning method to analyze gene expression data from leaves of five Vitis vinifera cultivars each treated by four different temperature conditions. The algorithm generated sample-specific "portraits" of the normalized gene expression data, revealing distinct patterns related to the temperature conditions applied. Results Our analysis unveiled a connection with vitamin B1 (thiamine) biosynthesis, suggesting a link between temperature regulation and thiamine metabolism, in agreement with thiamine related stress response established in Arabidopsis before. Furthermore, we found that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes at low temperatures in grapevines. Discussion Application of Self Organizing Maps portrayal to vine transcriptomics identified modules of coregulated genes triggered under cold stress. Our machine learning approach provides a promising option for transcriptomics studies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Konecny
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Nikoghosyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology Institute of National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hans Binder
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Schartner M, Beck JM, Laboyrie J, Riquier L, Marchand S, Pouget A. Predicting Bordeaux red wine origins and vintages from raw gas chromatograms. Commun Chem 2023; 6:247. [PMID: 38052884 PMCID: PMC10698164 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Connecting chemical properties to various wine characteristics is of great interest to the science of olfaction as well as the wine industry. We explored whether Bordeaux wine chemical identities and vintages (harvest year) can be inferred from a common and affordable chemical analysis, namely, a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and electron ionization mass spectrometry. Using 12 vintages (within the 1990-2007 range) from 7 estates of the Bordeaux region, we report that, remarkably, nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques applied to raw gas chromatograms recover the geography of the Bordeaux region. Using machine learning, we found that we can not only recover the estate perfectly from gas chromatograms, but also the vintage with up to 50% accuracy. Interestingly, we observed that the entire chromatogram is informative with respect to geographic location and age, thus suggesting that the chemical identity of a wine is not defined by just a few molecules but is distributed over a large chemical spectrum. This study demonstrates the remarkable potential of GC analysis to explore fundamental questions about the origin and age of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justine Laboyrie
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, INRAE, UMR 1366 OENOLOGIE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laurent Riquier
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, INRAE, UMR 1366 OENOLOGIE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stephanie Marchand
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, INRAE, UMR 1366 OENOLOGIE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Alexandre Pouget
- Département des neurosciences fondamentales, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
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Moura BB, Manzini J, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y. A three-year free-air experimental assessment of ozone risk on the perennial Vitis vinifera crop species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122626. [PMID: 37778493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an oxidative air pollutant that promotes damage to several crops, including grapevine, which is considered moderately resistant to O3 stress. To study the O3 effect on this perennial crop species under realistic environmental conditions, a three-year experiment was performed using an innovative O3-FACE facility located in the Mediterranean climate region, where the target species, Vitis vinifera cv. "Cabernet sauvignon", was exposed to three O3 levels: ambient (AA), 1.5 × ambient (×1.5), and 2 × ambient (×2.0). A stomatal conductance model parameterization was conducted, and O3-exposure (AOT40) and flux-based indices (PODy) were estimated. An assessment of O3-induced visible foliar injury (O3_VFI) was conducted by estimating VFI_Incidence (percentage of symptomatic leaves per branch) and VFI_Severity (average percentage of O3_VFI surface in symptomatic leaves). Biomass parameters were used to assess the cumulative O3 effect and calculate the most appropriate critical levels (CL) for a 5% yield loss and for the induction of 5, 10, and 15% of O3_VFI. We confirmed that the O3 effect on this grapevine variety VFI was cumulative and that POD0 values accumulated over the two or three years preceding the assessment were better related to the response variables than single-year values, with the response increasing with increasing O3 level. The estimated CL for 5% yield loss based on the O3-exposure index was 25 ppm h AOT40 and 21 or 23 ppm h for a 10% of VFI_Incidence or VFI_Severity, respectively. The suggested flux-based index value for 5% yield loss was 5.2 POD3 mmol m-2, and for 10% of VFI_Incidence or VFI_Severity, the values were 7.7 or 8.6 POD3 mmol m-2, respectively. The results presented in this study demonstrate that O3 risk assessment for this grapevine varietyproduces consistent and comparable results when using either yield or O3_VFI as response parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Manzini
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo 85050 (Potenza), Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo 85050 (Potenza), Italy
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7
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Kalopesa E, Gkrimpizis T, Samarinas N, Tsakiridis NL, Zalidis GC. Rapid Determination of Wine Grape Maturity Level from pH, Titratable Acidity, and Sugar Content Using Non-Destructive In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy and Multi-Head Attention Convolutional Neural Networks. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9536. [PMID: 38067909 PMCID: PMC10708745 DOI: 10.3390/s23239536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of enhancing the wine production process through the utilization of new technologies in viticulture, this study presents a novel approach for the rapid assessment of wine grape maturity levels using non-destructive, in situ infrared spectroscopy and artificial intelligence techniques. Building upon our previous work focused on estimating sugar content (∘Brix) from the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions, this research expands its scope to encompass pH and titratable acidity, critical parameters determining the grape maturity degree, and in turn, wine quality, offering a more representative estimation pathway. Data were collected from four grape varieties-Chardonnay, Malagouzia, Sauvignon Blanc, and Syrah-during the 2023 harvest and pre-harvest phenological stages in the vineyards of Ktima Gerovassiliou, northern Greece. A comprehensive spectral library was developed, covering the VNIR-SWIR spectrum (350-2500 nm), with measurements performed in situ. Ground truth data for pH, titratable acidity, and sugar content were obtained using conventional laboratory methods: total soluble solids (TSS) (∘Brix) by refractometry, titratable acidity by titration (expressed as mg tartaric acid per liter of must) and pH by a pH meter, analyzed at different maturation stages in the must samples. The maturity indicators were predicted from the point hyperspectral data by employing machine learning algorithms, including Partial Least Squares regression (PLS), Random Forest regression (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), in conjunction with various pre-processing techniques. Multi-output models were also considered to simultaneously predict all three indicators to exploit their intercorrelations. A novel multi-input-multi-output CNN model was also proposed, incorporating a multi-head attention mechanism and enabling the identification of the spectral regions it focuses on, and thus having a higher interpretability degree. Our results indicate high accuracy in the estimation of sugar content, pH, and titratable acidity, with the best models yielding mean R2 values of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.79, respectively, across all properties. The multi-output models did not improve the prediction results compared to the best single-output models, and the proposed CNN model was on par with the next best model. The interpretability analysis highlighted that the CNN model focused on spectral regions associated with the presence of sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) and of the carboxylic acid group. This study underscores the potential of portable spectrometry for real-time, non-destructive assessments of wine grape maturity, thereby providing valuable tools for informed decision making in the wine production industry. By integrating pH and titratable acidity into the analysis, our approach offers a holistic view of grape quality, facilitating more comprehensive and efficient viticultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kalopesa
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy, and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece; (T.G.); (N.S.); (N.L.T.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Theodoros Gkrimpizis
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy, and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece; (T.G.); (N.S.); (N.L.T.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Nikiforos Samarinas
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy, and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece; (T.G.); (N.S.); (N.L.T.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Nikolaos L. Tsakiridis
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy, and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece; (T.G.); (N.S.); (N.L.T.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - George C. Zalidis
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy, and GIS, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece; (T.G.); (N.S.); (N.L.T.); (G.C.Z.)
- Interbalkan Environment Center, 18 Loutron Str., 57200 Lagadas, Greece
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8
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Rafique R, Ahmad T, Khan MA, Ahmed M. Temperature variability during the growing season affects the quality attributes of table grapes in Pothwar-insight from a new emerging viticulture region in South Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1881-1896. [PMID: 37718384 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperature due to climate change has posed a mammoth challenge to global viticulture and key berry quality traits are compromised. Exploring the effects of seasonal temperature variability on berry ripening and quality attributes in different viticulture regions may help in sustainable viticulture industry. The present research was designed to explore the effect of temperature variables on key quality attributes of table grape cultivars in Pothwar region of Pakistan. Key berry quality traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity indices (MI), ascorbic acid, sugars, total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC) were unlocked for four important table grape cultivars under varying environmental conditions at Chakwal and Islamabad districts for two consecutive vintages of 2019 and 2020. The district Chakwal has up to 0.92 °C, 1.35 °C, 1.12°C and 0.81°C higher Tmin, Tmax, Tmean and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) respectively, compared to Islamabad particularly for the 2019 vintage. The results of the present study revealed that the warmer site (Chakwal) has significantly (P ≤0.05) higher juice pH, TSS (°brix) and maturity indices (MI) particularly for the relatively hotter vintage of 2019. Interestingly, MI was 33% higher for the relatively warmer vintage of 2019 compared to 2020 with relatively lower acidity (up to 38%). Moreover, higher titratable acidity (11.2%), ascorbic acid (28.5%), polyphenols (20.3%) and anthocyanins (10.6%) were noticed for the colder Islamabad compared to Chakwal. Although elevated temperature for warmer location and vintage favoured berry ripening, however key biochemical attributes such as titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and anthocyanins were negatively affected. The findings of the present research provide useful insight into the impact of growing season temperature on key berry attributes and may help devise adaptation strategies to improve berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Rafique
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azam Khan
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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9
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Wood A, Gascoigne SJ, Gambetta GA, Jeffers ES, Coulson T. Seasonal weather impacts wine quality in Bordeaux. iScience 2023; 26:107954. [PMID: 37954139 PMCID: PMC10638477 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Critics judge quality based upon subjective characteristics of wine. These judgments are converted by critics into quantitative scores, which allow for comparison of vintages. This paper uses high resolution discrete and continuous time-based weather estimates at both a local and regional level to determine the role of weather conditions on producing high quality Bordeaux vintages, as determined by critics scores. By using discrete-time weather variables across local AOCs, this study reveals climate-quality relationships across the whole year, including previously ignored season effects. By using continuous time weather variables, we reinforce the evidence for these local effects by finding higher quality wine is made in years with higher rainfall, warmer temperatures; and earlier, shorter seasons. We propose management impacts of our results and suggest that as the climate continues to change, the quality of Bordeaux wines may continue to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wood
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | | | - Gregory A. Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Elizabeth S. Jeffers
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
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10
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Monteiro E, Baltazar M, Pereira S, Correia S, Ferreira H, Alves F, Cortez I, Castro I, Gonçalves B. Ascophyllum nodosum Extract and Glycine Betaine Preharvest Application in Grapevine: Enhancement of Berry Quality, Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1835. [PMID: 37891914 PMCID: PMC10603969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) has peculiar edaphoclimatic characteristics that provide a suitable terroir for premium wine production. As climate change effects continue to emerge, ensuring productivity and quality becomes increasingly important for viticulturists, as those directly determine their profits. Cultural approaches, such as the use of biostimulants, are actively being developed to mitigate abiotic stress. The main objective of this work was to assess the effect of foliar sprays of a seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum)-based extract (ANE) and glycine betaine (GB) on grape berry quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. A trial was installed in a commercial vineyard (cv. 'Touriga Franca') in the Douro Superior (Upper Douro) sub-region of the Douro Demarcated Region. In 2020 and 2021, three foliar sprayings were performed during the growing season, namely at pea size, bunch closure, and veraison. There was a positive effect of both biostimulants (ANE and GB) on the physiological and biochemical performance of cv. 'Touriga Franca' exposed to summer stress. In general, the GB 0.2% spraying was the most promising treatment for this grape cultivar, as it increased berry quality, the concentration of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and ortho-diphenols), and the antioxidant activity. These results revealed the efficacy of biostimulant sprayings as a sustainable viticultural practice, improving berry quality under summer stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Baltazar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando Alves
- Symington Family Estates, Vinhos SA, Travessa Barão de Forrester 86, 4431-901 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Cortez
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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11
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Guindal AM, Morales P, Tronchoni J, Gonzalez R. Reduction of ethanol content in wine with an improved combination of yeast strains and process conditions. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104344. [PMID: 37567627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
One interesting strategy to address the increasing alcohol content of wines, associated with climate change, is to reduce the ethanol yield during fermentation. Within this strategy, the approach that would allow the clearest reduction in alcohol content is the respiration of part of the grape sugars by yeasts. Non-Saccharomyces species can be used for this purpose but suffer from a limited ability to dominate the process and complete fermentation. In turn, Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows a high production of acetic acid under the growth conditions required for respiration. Previously proposed procedures used combinations of non-Saccharomyces and S. cerevisiae starters, or a strain of S. cerevisiae (PR1018), with unique metabolic properties. In both cases, precise management of oxygen availability was required to overcome the acetic acid problem. In this work, we have developed a laboratory scale process to take advantage of the properties of PR1018 and a strain of Metschnikowia pulcherrima. This process is more robust than the previous ones and does not rely on strict control of oxygenation or even the use of this particular strain of S. cerevisiae. Aeration can be interrupted instantly without impairing the volatile acidity. Under the selected conditions, an ethanol reduction of around 3% (v/v) was obtained compared to the standard fermentation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Guindal
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Pilar Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tronchoni
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, C/ Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
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12
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Miccichè D, de Rosas MI, Ferro MV, Di Lorenzo R, Puccio S, Pisciotta A. Effects of artificial canopy shading on vegetative growth and ripening processes of cv. Nero d'Avola ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1210574. [PMID: 37822339 PMCID: PMC10564077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The biology of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is clearly influenced by the climatic conditions of the growing environment, where temperature and light play a major role in modifying plant physiology. In the scenario of climatic changes, radiative excess, correlated to the increase in temperature, can concretely subject the photosynthetic apparatus to a condition of light saturation and cause a drastic reduction in photochemical efficiency, giving rise to chronic photoinhibition phenomena. Undoubtedly, the ripening behavior also undergo evident alterations; the problem of sugar ripening, which is often strongly accelerated, is induced not only by high temperatures but also by the excess concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), which results in a higher ripening. In addition, high berry temperatures favor a reduction in the concentration of organic acids. The reported trends indicate that the need for urgent action is closely linked to the future environmental impacts that these changes could have on the entire wine sector. In recent years, shade treatments have been applied to the vine canopy to overcome this issue. Methods The objective of this study was to determine how artificial canopy shading affects the vines vegetative growth and the ripening processes of Vitis vinifera cv. Nero d'Avola during the 2019-2020 vegetative seasons. Three treatments were established: shading treatment with a green net (shade factor 27%), shading treatment with a white net (shade factor 32%), and untreated vines, thus naturally exposed to light radiation. Results and discussion Artificial shading, applied at full fruit set, interfered with the microclimate of the vines, causing partial effects on the grape ripening processes. At harvest, significant differences were found between the treatments in terms of sugars, also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH. Results obtained on vegetative parameters, suggest that the shading treatment delays leaf fall, with potentially positive effects on the starch accumulation on perennial reserve organs to be exploited at the following season's sprouting. Shading significantly reduced berry size, with obvious consequences on bunch weight and yield per vine. In 2020, shaded plants showed a delay in all the phenological phases. The total anthocyanins content was not changed by the shading treatment. The results obtained confirm the importance of net coverage on the microclimate of the vines, vegetative-productive activity, and grapes quality. From this point of view, the net covering technique can be a tool for controlling grapes ripening dynamics in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Miccichè
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Inès de Rosas
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Massimo Vincenzo Ferro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Puccio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Asproudi A, Bonello F, Ragkousi V, Gianotti S, Petrozziello M. Aroma precursors of Grignolino grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) and their modulation by vintage in a climate change scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179111. [PMID: 37600189 PMCID: PMC10436553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Current climatic conditions may cause significant changes in grapevine phenology and maturity dynamics linked often with changes to ecoclimatic indicators. The influence exerted by different meteorological conditions during four consecutive years on the aromatic potential of Grignolino grapes was investigated for the first time. The samples were collected from three vineyards characterized by different microclimatic conditions mainly related to the vineyard exposure and by a different age of the plants. Important differences as far as temperature and rainfall patterns are concerned during ripening were observed among the 4 years. Grape responses to abiotic stress, with particular emphasis on aromatic precursors, were evaluated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results highlighted significant differences among the vintages for each vineyard in terms of the berry weight and the aromatic precursor concentration. For the grapes of the younger-vine vineyard, the content of aroma compounds showed a different variability among the vintages if compared to the old-vine vineyards. Optimal conditions in terms of temperature and rainfall during the green phase followed by a warm and dry post-veraison period until harvest favored all classes of compounds especially terpenoids mainly in the grapes of the old vines. High-temperature (>30°C) and low-rainfall pattern before veraison led to high benzenoid contents and increased differences among vineyards such as berry weight, whereas cooler conditions favored the terpenoid levels in grapes from southeast-oriented vineyards. In a hilly environment, lack of rainfall and high temperature that lately characterize the second part of berry development seem to favor the grape quality of Grignolino, a cultivar of medium-late ripening, by limiting the differences on bunch ripening, allowing a greater accumulation of secondary metabolites but maintaining at the same time an optimum balance sugar/acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Asproudi
- Research centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Asti, Italy
| | - Federica Bonello
- Research centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Asti, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Ragkousi
- Research centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Asti, Italy
| | - Silvia Gianotti
- Associazione Monferace, Alessandria, Italy
- Wine Consulting Mario Ronco, Asti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petrozziello
- Research centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Asti, Italy
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Petriashvili A, Mach J, Štěbeták M, Prášilová M, Svoboda R, Navrátilová M, Beranová M, Veselá K, Hofman V, Němec O. The impact of climate change on the sustainability of wine production and the structure of its consumption in Czechia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17882. [PMID: 37539305 PMCID: PMC10395292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vine-growing for the production of wine constitutes one of the major areas of agriculture of Czechia, and in recent years it has been qualitatively improved. The purpose of this study is to express the effects of climate change on the structure of wine production and consumption in the Czech Republic in connection with the growing local popularity of white wine consumption. The current consumer preferences of wine consumers in the Czech Republic (characterized by the growing popularity of white wines) are not in line with the effects of future climate change associated with the assumption of growing vine varieties suitable for the production of red wines. The methodology of the following study is based especially on the evaluation of statistical data about vine growing and wine production of Czechia and a research investigation about consumers' preferences in the consumption of wines in Czechia. The effect of long-term climate change in the region are likely to lead to an increase in growing areas, especially in favour of vine varieties suitable for the production of red or rosé wines. The harvest of wine grapes, the hectare yield of grapes and the production of wine in Czechia do not show a significant development trend in the long-term time series of 2000-2019. Thus, in the future, the development of viticulture in Czechia will be influenced mainly by the location of the planted area of vineyards or the development of consumer habits and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandre Petriashvili
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mach
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štěbeták
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Prášilová
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Svoboda
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Navrátilová
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Beranová
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Veselá
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hofman
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Němec
- Faculty of Business Administration, Prague University of Economics and Business, Czech Republic, W. Churchill Sq. 4 130 67, Prague 3, Czech Republic
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Moukarzel R, Parker AK, Schelezki OJ, Gregan SM, Jordan B. Bunch microclimate influence amino acids and phenolic profiles of Pinot noir grape berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162062. [PMID: 37351210 PMCID: PMC10282841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The increase of temperature due to climate change at different phenological stages of grapevine has already been demonstrated to affect accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in grape berries. This has a significant implication for Pinot noir especially in New Zealand context as these compounds can have direct and indirect effects on wine quality. Methods This study investigates how varying bunch microclimate through changes in temperature applied at veraison stage can affect: fresh weight, total soluble solids, the accumulation of anthocyanins, total phenolics and amino acids of the grape berries. This was studied over two growing seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20) with Pinot noir vines being grown at two different temperatures in controlled environment (CE) chambers. The vines were exposed to 800 µmol/m2/s irradiance with diurnal changes in day (22°C or 30°C) and night (15°C) temperatures. This experimental set up enabled us to determine the accumulation of these metabolite at harvest (both seasons) and throughout berry development (second season). Results and discussion The results showed that berry weight was not influenced by temperature increase. The total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly increased at 30°C, however, this was not at the expense of berry weight (i.e., water loss). Anthocyanin content was reduced at higher temperature in the first season but there was no change in phenolic content in response to temperature treatments in either season. The concentrations of total amino acids at harvest increased in response to the higher temperature in the second season only. In addition, in the time course analysis of the second season, the accumulation of amino acids was increased at mid-ripening and ripening stage with the increased temperature. Significant qualitative changes in amino acid composition specifically the α-ketoglutarate family (i.e., glutamine, arginine, and proline) were found between the two temperatures. Significance This study is the first to provide detailed analysis and quantification of individual amino acids and phenolics in Pinot noir in response to changes in temperature applied at veraison which could aid to develop adaptation strategies for viticulture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Moukarzel
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Amber K. Parker
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Olaf J. Schelezki
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Brian Jordan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Yang W, Zhu J, van Leeuwen C, Dai Z, Gambetta GA. GrapevineXL reliably predicts multi-annual dynamics of vine water status, berry growth, and sugar accumulation in vineyards. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad071. [PMID: 37293532 PMCID: PMC10244804 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate and water availability greatly affect each season's grape yield and quality. Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge. We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model, GrapevineXL, with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential (Ψxylem), berry dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW), and sugar concentration per volume ([Sugar]) for a wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Franc) in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux, France. Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal Ψxylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW, FW, [Sugar] and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters. By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change, an advanced veraison (i.e. the onset of ripening) of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70% and 3.22%, clear increases of berry [Sugar] by 2.90% and 4.29%, and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years, respectively. Moreover, the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability. Overall, the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Blenheim 7201, New Zealand
| | - Cornelis van Leeuwen
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | | | - Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
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17
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New malic acid producer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for preserving wine acidity during alcoholic fermentation. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104209. [PMID: 36906297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the chemical composition of wines is characterized by a massive drop of malic acid concentration in grape berries. Then wine professionals have to find out physical and/or microbiological solutions to manage wine acidity. The aim of this study is to develop wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains able to produce significant amount of malic acid during the alcoholic fermentation. By applying a large phenotypic survey in small scale fermentations, the production level of malic acid in seven grape juices confirmed the importance of the grape juice in the production of malic acid during the alcoholic fermentation. Beside the grape juice effect, our results demonstrated that extreme individuals able to produce up to 3 g/L of malic acid can be selected by crossing together appropriate parental strains. A multivariate analysis of the dataset generated illustrate that the initial the amount of malic acid produced by yeast is a determining exogenous factor for controlling the final pH of wine. Interestingly most of the acidifying strains selected are particularly enriched in alleles that have been previously reported for increasing the level of malic acid at the end of the alcoholic fermentation. A small set of acidifying strains were compared with strains able to consume a large amount of malic acid previously selected. The total acidity of resulting wines was statistically different and a panelist of 28 judges was able to discriminate the two groups of strains during a free sorting task analysis.
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18
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Sanders RD, Boss PK, Capone DL, Kidman CM, Maffei S, Jeffery DW. Methoxypyrazine concentrations in the grape bunch rachis of Vitis vinifera L. Cv Shiraz: Influence of rootstock, region and light. Food Chem 2023; 408:135234. [PMID: 36599227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz appears unable to synthesise 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) in the berry, but can still produce significant concentrations in rachis. MPs are readily extracted from rachis during fermentation, producing Shiraz wines with uncharacteristic "green" flavours. Recently, rootstocks were shown to significantly alter MP concentrations in Cabernet Sauvignon rachis compared to own-rooted varieties, but whether Shiraz followed a similar trend required investigation. This study considered the effect of thirteen rootstocks on the concentrations of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), and 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (SBMP) in the rachis of Shiraz bunches sampled during multiple vintages across several Australian growing regions. Although IBMP was the most abundant, all measured MP concentrations were significantly affected by vintage, rootstock, and region. In addition, vine vigour showed positive correlations with IBMP, which were attributed to changes in canopy coverage impacting rachis light exposure. This hypothesis was explored with light exclusion trials, which significantly increased rachis IBMP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Sanders
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Paul K Boss
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Dimitra L Capone
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Catherine M Kidman
- Wynns Coonawarra Estate, Memorial Drive, Coonawarra, South Australia 5263, Australia
| | - Sue Maffei
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Locked Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - David W Jeffery
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Lavado Rodas N, Uriarte Hernández D, Moreno Cardona D, Mancha Ramírez LA, Prieto Losada MH, Valdés Sánchez ME. Forcing vine regrowth under different irrigation strategies: effect on polyphenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of cv. Tempranillo wines grown in a semiarid climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128174. [PMID: 37229111 PMCID: PMC10204802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the effects of climate change in warm areas is the asynchrony between the dates of the technological and the phenolic maturity of grapes. This is important because the quality and color stability of red wines are directly related to the content and distribution of phenolic compounds. A novel alternative that has been proposed to delay grape ripening and make it coincide with a seasonal period more favorable for the formation of phenolic compounds is crop forcing. This consists of severe green pruning after flowering, when the buds of the following year have already differentiated. In this way, the buds formed during the same season are forced to sprout, initiating a new delayed cycle. The aim of the present work is to study the effect on the phenolic composition and color of wines elaborated from vines fully irrigated (C), grown using conventional non-forcing (NF) and forcing (F) techniques (C-NF and C-F), and wines from vines subjected to regulated irrigation (RI), grown using NF and F techniques (RI-NF and RI-F). The trial was carried out in an experimental vineyard of the Tempranillo variety located in a semi-arid area (Badajoz, Spain) in the 2017-2019 seasons. The wines (four by treatment) were elaborated and stabilized according to the classic methodologies for red wine. All wines had the same alcohol content, and malolactic fermentation was not carried out in any of them. Anthocyanin profiles were analyzed by HPLC, and total polyphenolic content, anthocyanin content, catechin content, the contribution to color due to co-pigmented anthocyanins, and various chromatic parameters were also determined. Although a significant effect of year was found for almost all the parameters analyzed, a general increasing trend in F wines was found for most of them. The anthocyanin profile of F wines was found to differ from that of C wines, especially in delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and peonidin content. These results indicate that by using the forcing technique it was possible to increase the polyphenolic content by ensuring that the synthesis and accumulation of these substances occurred at more suitable temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Lavado Rodas
- CICYTEX-INTAEX, Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Uriarte Hernández
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Cardona
- CICYTEX-INTAEX, Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis A. Mancha Ramírez
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
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Meza F, Darbyshire R, Farrell A, Lakso A, Lawson J, Meinke H, Nelson G, Stockle C. Assessing temperature-based adaptation limits to climate change of temperate perennial fruit crops. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2557-2571. [PMID: 36652298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennial fruit and nut trees play varying roles in world food diversity-providing edible oils and micronutrient, energy, and protein dense foods. In addition, perennials reuse significant amounts of biomass each year providing a unique resilience. But they also have a unique sensitivity to seasonal temperatures, requiring a period of dormancy for successful growing season production. This paper takes a global view of five temperate tree fruit crops-apples, cherries, almonds, olives, and grapes-and assesses the effects of future temperature changes on thermal suitability. It uses climate data from five earth system models for two CMIP6 climate scenarios and temperature-related indices of stress to indicate potential future areas where crops cannot be grown and highlight potential new suitable regions. The loss of currently suitable areas and new additions in new locations varies by scenario. In the southern hemisphere (SH), end-century (2081-2100) suitable areas under the SSP 5-8.5 scenario decline by more than 40% compared to a recent historical period (1991-2010). In the northern hemisphere (NH) suitability increases by 20% to almost 60%. With SSP1-2.6, however, the changes are much smaller with SH area declining by about 25% and NH increasing by about 10%. The results suggest substantial restructuring of global production for these crops. Essentially, climate change shifts temperature-suitable locations toward higher latitudes. In the SH, most of the historically suitable areas were already at the southern end of the landmass limiting opportunities for adaptation. If breeding efforts can bring chilling requirements for the major cultivars closer to that currently seen in some cultivars, suitable areas at the end of the century are greater, but higher summer temperatures offset the extent. The high value of fruit crops provides adaptation opportunities such as cultivar selection, canopy cooling using sprinklers, shade netting, and precision irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Meza
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebecca Darbyshire
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aidan Farrell
- Department of Life Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alan Lakso
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA
| | - James Lawson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Central Coast Primary Industries Centre, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Nelson
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Claudio Stockle
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Nechita C, Iordache AM, Voica C, Costinel D, Botoran OR, Popescu DI, Șuvar NS. Evaluating the Chemical Hazards in Wine Production Associated with Climate Change. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071526. [PMID: 37048347 PMCID: PMC10094511 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The climate warming trend challenges the chemical risk associated with wine production worldwide. The present study investigated the possible difference between chemical wine profile during the drought year 2012 compared to the post-drought year 2013. Toxic metals (Cd and Pb), microelements (Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Ba, and Cu), macroelements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, and P), isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/207Pb), stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C, (D/H)I, and (D/H)II), and climatic data were analyzed. The multivariate technique, correlation analysis, factor analysis, partial least squares–discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for data interpretation. The maximum temperature had a maximum difference when comparing data year apart. Indeed, extreme droughts were noted in only the spring and early summer of 2012 and in 2013, which increased the mean value of ground frost days. The microelements, macroelements, and Pb presented extreme effects in 2012, emphasizing more variability in terms of the type of wine. Extremely high Cd values were found in the wine samples analyzed, at up to 10.1 µg/L. The relationship between precipitation and δ18O from wine was complex, indicating grape formation under the systematic influence of the current year precipitation, and differences between years were noted. δ13C had disentangled values, with no differentiation between years, and when coupled with the deuterium–hydrogen ratio, it could sustain the hypothesis of possible adulteration. In the current analysis, the 87Sr/86Sr showed higher values than in other Romanian studies. The temperature had a strong positive correlation with Pb, while the ground frost day frequency correlated with both Pb and Cd toxic elements in the wine. Other significant relationships were disclosed between the chemical properties of wine and climate data. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat stress had significant importance in the chemical profile of the wine, and the ground frost exceeded the influence of water stress, especially in Transylvania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Nechita
- National Research and Development Institute for Forestry “Marin Drăcea”—INCDS, 128 Boulvard Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, 4 Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Costinel
- National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, 4 Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Oana Romina Botoran
- National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, 4 Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Ionela Popescu
- National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, 4 Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Niculina Sonia Șuvar
- National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion, 32-34 General Vasile Milea Str., 332047 Petroșani, Romania
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Contreras-Ruiz A, Alonso-del-Real J, Barrio E, Querol A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains show a wide range of competitive abilities and differential nutrient uptake behavior in co-culture with S. kudriavzevii. Food Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Adão F, Campos JC, Santos JA, Malheiro AC, Fraga H. Relocation of bioclimatic suitability of Portuguese grapevine varieties under climate change scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:974020. [PMID: 36844079 PMCID: PMC9945296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.974020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change has been driving warming trends and changes in precipitation patterns and regimes throughout Europe. Future projections indicate a continuation of these trends in the next decades. This situation is challenging the sustainability of viniculture and, thus, significant efforts towards adaptation should be then carried out by local winegrowers. Method Ecological Niche Models were built, using the ensemble modelling approach, to estimate the bioclimatic suitability of four main wine-producing European countries, namely France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, in the recent past (1989-2005), for the cultivation of twelve Portuguese grape varieties. The models were then used to project the bioclimatic suitability to two future periods (2021- 2050 and 2051-2080) to better understand the potential shifts related to climate change (modeled after Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios). The models were obtained with the modeling platform BIOMOD2, using four bioclimatic indices, namely the "Huglin Index", the "Cool Night index", the "Growing Season Precipitation index", and the "Temperature Range during Ripening index" as predictor variables, as well as the current locations of the chosen grape varieties in Portugal. Results All models performed with high statistical accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and were able to discriminate several suitable bioclimatic areas for the different grape varieties, in and around where they are currently located but also in other parts of the study area. The distribution of the bioclimatic suitability changed, however, when looking at future projections. For both climatic scenarios, projected bioclimatic suitability suffered a considerable shift to the north of Spain and France. In some cases, bioclimatic suitability also moved towards areas of higher elevation. Portugal and Italy barely retained any of the initially projected varietal areas. These shifts were mainly due to the overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower accumulated precipitation in the southern regions projected for the future. Conclusion Ensemble models of Ecological Niche Models were shown to be valid tools for winegrowers who want to adapt to a changing climate. The long-term sustainability of viniculture in southern Europe will most likely have to go through a process of mitigation of the effects of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Adão
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João C. Campos
- Centre for Research in Geospace Science (CICGE), University of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - João A. Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aureliano C. Malheiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélder Fraga
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Cataldo E, Fucile M, Manzi D, Masini CM, Doni S, Mattii GB. Sustainable Soil Management: Effects of Clinoptilolite and Organic Compost Soil Application on Eco-Physiology, Quercitin, and Hydroxylated, Methoxylated Anthocyanins on Vitis vinifera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:708. [PMID: 36840056 PMCID: PMC9967315 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and compostinS1g methods have an important junction on the phenological and ripening grapevine phases. Moreover, the optimization of these composting methods in closed-loop corporate chains can skillfully address the waste problem (pomace, stalks, and pruning residues) in viticultural areas. Owing to the ongoing global warming, in many wine-growing regions, there has been unbalanced ripening, with tricky harvests. Excessive temperatures in fact impoverish the anthocyanin amount of the must while the serious water deficits do not allow a correct development of the berry, stopping its growth processes. This experiment was created to improve the soil management and the quality of the grapes, through the application of a new land conditioner (Zeowine) to the soil, derived from the compost processes of industrial wine, waste, and zeolite. Three treatments on a Sangiovese vineyard were conducted: Zeowine (ZW) (30 tons per ha), Zeolite (Z) (10 tons per ha), and Compost (C) (20 tons per ha). During the two seasons (2021-2022), measurements were made of single-leaf gas exchange and leaf midday water potential, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. In addition, the parameters of plant yield, yeast assimilable nitrogen, technological maturity, fractionation of anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Delphinidin-3-glucoside, Malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, Malvidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Malvidin-3-glucoside, Peonidin-3-acetylglucoside, Peonidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Peonidin-3-glucoside, and Petunidin-3-glucoside), Caffeic Acid, Coumaric Acid, Gallic Acid, Ferulic Acid, Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were analyzed. The Zeowine and zeolite showed less negative water potential, higher photosynthesis, and lower leaf temperature. Furthermore, they showed higher levels of anthocyanin accumulation and a lower level of quercetin. Finally, the interaction of the beneficial results of Zeowine (soil and grapevines) was evidenced by the embellishment of the nutritional and water efficiency, the minimizing of the need for fertilizers, the closure of the production cycle of waste material from the supply chain, and the improvement of the quality of the wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cataldo
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maddalena Fucile
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Doni
- CNR IRET, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- DAGRI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Sgubin G, Swingedouw D, Mignot J, Gambetta GA, Bois B, Loukos H, Noël T, Pieri P, García de Cortázar‐Atauri I, Ollat N, van Leeuwen C. Non-linear loss of suitable wine regions over Europe in response to increasing global warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:808-826. [PMID: 36376998 PMCID: PMC10100336 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the potential climatic suitability for premium wine production is crucial for adaptation planning in Europe. While new wine regions may emerge out of the traditional boundaries, most of the present-day renowned winemaking regions may be threatened by climate change. Here, we analyse the future evolution of the geography of wine production over Europe, through the definition of a novel climatic suitability indicator, which is calculated over the projected grapevine phenological phases to account for their possible contractions under global warming. Our approach consists in coupling six different de-biased downscaled climate projections under two different scenarios of global warming with four phenological models for different grapevine varieties. The resulting suitability indicator is based on fuzzy logic and is calculated over three main components measuring (i) the timing of the fruit physiological maturity, (ii) the risk of water stress and (iii) the risk of pests and diseases. The results demonstrate that the level of global warming largely determines the distribution of future wine regions. For a global temperature increase limited to 2°C above the pre-industrial level, the suitable areas over the traditional regions are reduced by about 4%/°C rise, while for higher levels of global warming, the rate of this loss increases up to 17%/°C. This is compensated by a gradual emergence of new wine regions out of the traditional boundaries. Moreover, we show that reallocating better-suited grapevine varieties to warmer conditions may be a viable adaptation measure to cope with the projected suitability loss over the traditional regions. However, the effectiveness of this strategy appears to decrease as the level of global warming increases. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a safe limit below 2°C of global warming for the European winemaking sector, while adaptation might become far more challenging beyond this threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sgubin
- Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC)—Université de BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Didier Swingedouw
- Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC)—Université de BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Juliette Mignot
- LOCEAN LaboratoryInstitut Pierre Simon, Sorbonne Universités (SU/CNRS/IRD/MNHN)ParisFrance
| | | | - Benjamin Bois
- Centre de Recherches de ClimatologieUMR 6282 CNRS/UB Biogéosciences, Univ. Bourgogne‐Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | | | | | - Philippe Pieri
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Univ. BordeauxVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | | | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Univ. BordeauxVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Cornelis van Leeuwen
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Univ. BordeauxVillenave d'OrnonFrance
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Salazar-Parra C, Macias J, Reyes M, Peppi C. Efecto de la temperatura y la poda tardía sobre la fisiología y calidad del cv. Merlot en el Valle Central de Chile. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235601033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
La Poda tardía (PT) ha surgido como una herramienta que podría apoyar la adaptación de la viticultura frente al cambio climático, pudiendo retrasar la maduración y reducir el desequilibro en la madurez entre los azucares, ácidos y compuestos fenológicos, producidos por el incremento de temperatura (T). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la PT en cv. Merlot del Valle Central de Chile, en 2 condiciones de temperatura: Ambiente; Elevada y 3 momentos de poda: Invierno; Brotación; Brotes 2-4 cm. Se realizó un seguimiento fenológico, determinación de intercambio gaseoso y crecimiento. Al momento de la cosecha se valoró la calidad de la fruta (brix, acidez, pH) y la concentración de antocianinas.
El aumento de T produjo un incremento de la temperatura de hojas por sobre 30ºC, además de caídas en la AN, gs y WUEF, y disminuyo significativamente el rendimiento por planta. Los tratamientos en T elevada presentaron una cosecha adelantada y menor concentración de antocianinas, independiente de la poda, no logrando contrarrestar los efectos de la T. En condiciones de T actual la poda fue capaz de retrasar la cosecha en al menos una semana, sumado a un incremento del 10% de la concentración de antocianinas en piel.
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Sancho-Galán P, Amores-Arrocha A, Palacios V, Jiménez-Cantizano A. Winegrowing strategies for adapting to climate change in a warm climate zone. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235602010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate predictions and simulations forecast that climate change will be one of the major challenges for wine production in the future, as grape quality and vine yields depend on interactions between temperature, water availability, plant material and viticultural techniques employed. Climate change is leading to earlier harvesting, accelerated vine growth and grape over-ripening, leading to the production of grape musts with higher potential alcohol content, higher pH, lower acidity and severe nutritional deficiencies. In order to mitigate these effects, it is necessary to establish short-term viticultural or oenological strategies to minimise the effects of global warming on current wine-growing regions. Therefore, this work presents research results related to the potential of autochthonous grape cultivars from a warm climate area, which could be better adapted to the agro-climatic conditions associated with climate change; as well as the results of the application and recovery of ancestral oenological techniques in the area of sherry wine production (sun-drying and skin contact fermentation), which could contribute to this new climatic scenario as an alternative in wine production.
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Espinosa-Roldán FE, Organero GM, Fernández MU, de Santa María FCS, De Toda FM. Minority grapevine varieties as climate change adaptation strategy: Exploring heat tolerance plasticity. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235601029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasing average temperatures and intensity and frequency of extreme events such as heat waves. Productivity declines and plant damage due to those changes are already described for several majority varieties, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Less explored minority varieties can arise as alternatives due high heat tolerance, or for having high acclimation potential to heat. We evaluated the heat tolerance after acclimation in three summer thermic environments of four Spanish varieties: two majority (‘Tempranillo’, ‘Airén’) and two minority (‘Jarrosuelto’, ‘Morate’). Summer thermic environments differed in average temperature, and length of the warm period. Varieties differed in heat tolerance and its plasticity due to the acclimation to the environments. Within the majority varieties, ‘Tempranillo’ showed low heat tolerance and moderate plasticity in heat tolerance highlighting its susceptibility to climate change. ‘Airén’ had slightly higher tolerance than ‘Tempranillo’ and certain adaptation capacity to environments. Within the minority, ‘Jarrosuelto’ had high tolerance to heat events but low heat tolerance plasticity. ‘Morate’ was the variety with highest heat tolerance plasticity, indicating its strong adaptive potential. Majority varieties displayed susceptibility to heat events and global warming negative effects. However, minority varieties can offer solutions either by having high tolerance to heat or by having high acclimation.
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Evaluation of Spinning Cone Column Distillation as a Strategy for Remediation of Smoke Taint in Juice and Wine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228096. [PMID: 36432197 PMCID: PMC9697475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Where vineyard exposure to bushfire smoke cannot be avoided or prevented, grape and wine producers need strategies to transform smoke-affected juice and wine into saleable product. This study evaluated the potential for spinning cone column (SCC) distillation to be used for the remediation of 'smoke taint'. Compositional analysis of 'stripped wine' and condensate collected during SCC treatment of two smoke-tainted red wines indicated limited, if any, removal of volatile phenols, while their non-volatile glycoconjugates were concentrated due to water and ethanol removal. Together with the removal of desirable volatile aroma compounds, this enhanced the perception of smoke-related sensory attributes; i.e., smoke taint intensified. Stripped wines also became increasingly sour and salty as ethanol (and water) were progressively removed. A preliminary juice remediation trial yielded more promising results. While clarification, heating, evaporation, deionization and fermentation processes applied to smoke-tainted white juice gave ≤3 µg/L changes in volatile phenol concentrations, SCC distillation of smoke-tainted red juice increased the volatile phenol content of condensate (in some cases by 3- to 4-fold). Deionization of the resulting condensate removed 75 µg/L of volatile phenols, but fermentation of reconstituted juice increased volatile phenol concentrations again, presumably due to yeast metabolism of glycoconjugate precursors. Research findings suggest SCC distillation alone cannot remediate smoke taint, but used in combination with adsorbents, SCC may offer a novel remediation strategy, especially for tainted juice.
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Tapia SM, Pérez‐Torrado R, Adam AC, Macías LG, Barrio E, Querol A. Adaptive evolution in the Saccharomyces kudriavzevii Aro4p promoted a reduced production of higher alcohols. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2958-2969. [PMID: 36307988 PMCID: PMC9733642 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of unconventional yeast species in human-driven fermentations has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. This tool allows the alcoholic beverage industries to solve problems related to climate change or the consumer demand for newer high-quality products. In this sense, one of the most attractive species is Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, which shows interesting fermentative traits such as the increased and diverse aroma compound production in wines. Specifically, it has been observed that different isolates of this species can produce higher amounts of higher alcohols such as phenylethanol compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, we have shed light on this feature relating it to the S. kudriavzevii aromatic amino acid anabolic pathway in which the enzyme Aro4p plays an essential role. Unexpectedly, we observed that the presence of the S. kudriavzevii ARO4 variant reduces phenylethanol production compared with the S. cerevisiae ARO4 allele. Our experiments suggest that this can be explained by increased feedback inhibition, which might be a consequence of the changes detected in the Aro4p amino end such as L26 Q24 that have been under positive selection in the S. kudriavzevii specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián M. Tapia
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain
| | - Roberto Pérez‐Torrado
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain
| | - Ana Cristina Adam
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain
| | - Laura G. Macías
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain,Departament de GenèticaUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Eladio Barrio
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain,Departament de GenèticaUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los AlimentosInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA)‐CSICValenciaSpain
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Araújo-Paredes C, Portela F, Mendes S, Valín MI. Using Aerial Thermal Imagery to Evaluate Water Status in Vitis vinifera cv. Loureiro. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8056. [PMID: 36298406 PMCID: PMC9611973 DOI: 10.3390/s22208056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The crop water stress index (CWSI) is a widely used analytical tool based on portable thermography. This method can be useful in replacing the traditional stem water potential method obtained with a Scholander chamber (PMS Model 600) because the latter is not feasible for large-scale studies due to the time involved and the fact that it is invasive and can cause damage to the plant. The present work had three objectives: (i) to understand if CWSI estimated using an aerial sensor can estimate the water status of the plant; (ii) to compare CWSI from aerial-thermographic and portable thermal cameras with stem water potential; (iii) to estimate the capacity of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to calculate and spatialize CWSI. Monitoring of CWSI (CWSIP) using a portable device was performed directly in the canopy, by measuring reference temperatures (Tdry, Twet, and canopy temperature (Tc)). Aerial CWSI calculation was performed using two models: (i) a simplified CWSI model (CWSIS), where the Tdry and Twet were estimated as the average of 1% of the extreme temperature, and (ii) an air temperature model (CWSITair) where air temperatures (Tair + 7 °C) were recorded as Tdry and in the Twet, considering the average of the lowest 33% of histogram values. In these two models, the Tc value corresponded to the temperature value in each pixel of the aerial thermal image. The results show that it was possible to estimate CWSI by calculating canopy temperatures and spatializing CWSI using aerial thermography. Of the two models, it was found that for CWSITair, CWSIS (R2 = 0.55) evaluated crop water stress better than stem water potential. The CWSIS had good correlation compared with the portable sensor (R2 = 0.58), and its application in field measurements is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Araújo-Paredes
- PROMETHEUS, Research Unit in Materials, Energy and Environment for Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Fernando Portela
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendes
- Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - M. Isabel Valín
- Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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Gambacorta G, Faccia M, Natrella G, Noviello M, Masi G, Tarricone L. Early Basal Leaf Removal at Different Sides of the Canopy Improves the Quality of Aglianico Wine. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193140. [PMID: 36230216 PMCID: PMC9563746 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the early removal of basal leaves is a viticultural practice adopted to improve the exposure of clusters to direct sunlight and UV radiation and increase the phenolic compounds and anthocyanin concentration in the berries. The aim of this work was to study the influence of early basal leaf removal on Aglianico wines produced in the Apulia region (southern Italy) during three consecutive seasons. Three vine treatments were carried out, where 100% of the cluster-zone leaves on the north, south and both sides of the canopy were removed. Undefoliated plants were used as a control. The effect of the treatments on the basic chemical parameters, phenol content and volatile composition of wines was investigated using WineScan FT-MIR, spectrophotometry, HPLC-DAD and SPME-GC/MS. Early defoliation increased the amounts of flavonoids (+35–40%), anthocyanins (+15–18%), total polyphenols (+10%), antioxidant activity (+8–14%) and colour intensity (+10%), especially when leaf removal was applied on the south side. Moreover, leaf removal led to a 40% increase in free anthocyanins when applied on the south side of the canopy, while a 24% increase was observed when applied to the north side and 21% when applied to the north and south sides. A negative effect was observed on volatile compounds, which decreased by about 18, 14 and 13% when the treatment was applied on the north, north-south and south sides of the canopy, respectively. In conclusion, early leaf removal treatments allow for the modulation of the phenolic and volatile concentrations of Aglianico wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambacorta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Natrella
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mirella Noviello
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Masi
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Casamassima 148, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarricone
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Casamassima 148, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Ramos MC, Martínez de Toda F. Macabeo (Viura) grape response to climate variability in areas located at different elevations in the Rioja Designation of Origin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5670-5679. [PMID: 35383936 PMCID: PMC9544767 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aims to analyse the influence of climatic conditions on phenology and grape composition of Macabeo, which is one of the white varieties authorized in Rioja DOCa. Phenological dates for flowers separated and harvest, and grape composition were evaluated for the period 2008-2020 in five plots, located at different elevations (457-650 m a.s.l.). Grape parameters were related to temperature and water deficit recorded along the growing cycle. RESULTS High variability in the weather conditions were recorded during the period analysed, with differences in the average growing season maximum temperature of up to 2.5 °C among years and about 2 °C among locations. Differences in the average growing season precipitation of about 200 mm among years and up to 60 mm among locations were recorded. That high variability could explain the differences in grape composition observed among years and among zones. The lowest sugar contents were recorded at the highest elevation, while acidity in that area was the highest. Although the relationship was only significant in one plot, probable volumetric alcoholic degree increased with increasing maximum temperature. Titratable acidity and malic acid decreased with increasing maximum temperature, the change being higher in the plots located at the highest elevation. Both titratable acidity and malic acid were significantly affected by water deficits recorded during the growing season, and in particular that recorded after floowering. CONCLUSION The results indicate that under warmer scenarios a decrease in titratable acidity and in malic acid might be expected for this variety, but with differences among zones located at different elevations. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Ramos
- Department Environment and Soil SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
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Anderson P, Kokole D, Jané Llopis E, Burton R, Lachenmeier DW. Lower Strength Alcohol Products—A Realist Review-Based Road Map for European Policy Making. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183779. [PMID: 36145155 PMCID: PMC9500668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the result of a realist review based on a theory of change that substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength alcohol products leads to decreases in overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups. The paper summarizes the results of 128 publications across twelve different themes. European consumers are increasingly buying and drinking lower strength alcohol products over time, with some two fifths doing so to drink less alcohol. It tends to be younger more socially advantaged men, and existing heavier buyers and drinkers of alcohol, who take up lower strength alcohol products. Substitution leads to a lower number of grams of alcohol bought and drunk. Although based on limited studies, buying and drinking lower strength products do not appear to act as gateways to buying and drinking higher strength products. Producer companies are increasing the availability of lower strength alcohol products, particularly for beer, with extra costs of production offset by income from sales. Lower strength alcohol products tend to be marketed as compliments to, rather than substitutes of, existing alcohol consumption, with, to date, the impact of such marketing not evaluated. Production of lower strength alcohol products could impair the impact of existing alcohol policy through alibi marketing (using the brand of lower strength products to promote higher strength products), broadened normalization of drinking cultures, and pressure to weaken policies. In addition to increasing the availability of lower strength products and improved labelling, the key policy that favours substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength products is an alcohol tax based on the dose of alcohol across all products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Daša Kokole
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané Llopis
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robyn Burton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Straße 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Aru V, Nittnaus AP, Sørensen KM, Toldam-Andersen TB, Engelsen SB. Effects of Water Stress, Defoliation and Crop Thinning on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Solaris Must and Wine Part II: 1H NMR Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070672. [PMID: 35888796 PMCID: PMC9316113 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics was employed to investigate the impact of water deficit, defoliation, and crop thinning on the chemical composition of must and wines from the cool-climate white grape variety Solaris. The obtained results show that viticultural practices (defoliation and crop thinning) affected the amino acid and sugar content of Solaris must and thereby the quality of the final wine—mainly in terms of compounds normally related to fruity aroma (i.e., isopentanol), non-sugar sweetness (i.e., proline and glycerol), and alcohol content. The content of tyrosol, a natural phenolic antioxidant with a high bioavailability, was increased in the final wine by a combination of defoliation and crop thinning. The results of the metabolomics analysis performed on the must and wine samples from the water stress experiment showed that short-term water deficit significantly affected the concentration of several flavor-related compounds, including glutamate, butyrate and propanol, of the organic acids lactate and fumarate, and of the phenolic compounds caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. ANOVA simultaneous component analysis showed that the effect of water deficit accounted for 11% (p < 0.001) and 8% (p < 0.001) of the variability in the metabolite concentrations in must and wines, respectively, while viticultural practices accounted for 38% (p < 0.001) and 30% (p < 0.001) of the metabolite variability in must and wines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Aru
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (S.B.E.)
| | - Andreas Paul Nittnaus
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Alle 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (A.P.N.); (T.B.T.-A.)
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Klavs Martin Sørensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Torben Bo Toldam-Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Alle 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (A.P.N.); (T.B.T.-A.)
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (S.B.E.)
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36
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Campos-Arguedas F, Sarrailhé G, Nicolle P, Dorais M, Brereton NJB, Pitre FE, Pedneault K. Different Temperature and UV Patterns Modulate Berry Maturation and Volatile Compounds Accumulation in Vitis sp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862259. [PMID: 35845654 PMCID: PMC9280473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) in grapevine berries play an important role in wine quality; however, such compounds and vine development can be sensitive to environmental conditions. Due to this sensitivity, changes in temperature patterns due to global warming are likely to further impact grape production and berry composition. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of different growing-degree day accumulation patterns on berry ripening and composition at harvest. An experimental field was conducted using Vitis sp. L'Acadie blanc, in Nova Scotia, Canada. Using on-the-row mini-greenhouses, moderate temperature increase and reduced ultraviolet (UV) exposure were triggered in grapevines during pre-veraison (inflorescence to the beginning of berry softening), post-veraison (berry softening to full maturity), and whole season (inflorescence to full maturity), while controls were left without treatment. Free and bound VCs were extracted from berries sampled at three different phenological stages between veraison and maturity before analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Berries from grapevines exposed to higher temperatures during early berry development (pre-veraison and whole) accumulated significantly higher concentrations of benzene derivatives 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol at harvest, but lower concentrations of hydroxy-methoxy-substituted volatile phenols, terpenes, and C13-norisoprenoids than the control berries. These results illustrate the importance of different environmental interactions in berry composition and suggest that temperature could potentially modulate phenylpropanoid and mevalonate metabolism in developing berries. This study provides insights into the relationships between abiotic conditions and secondary metabolism in grapevine and highlights the significance of early developmental stages on berry quality at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Campos-Arguedas
- Department of Science, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur les Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sarrailhé
- Department of Science, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal et Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paméla Nicolle
- Department of Science, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada
| | - Martine Dorais
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur les Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. B. Brereton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal et Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal et Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Pedneault
- Department of Science, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal et Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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37
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Effects of the Irrigation of Chelva Grapevines on the Aroma Composition of Wine. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios are predicting an increase in temperature as well as more scarce and torrential rainfall episodes. Due to this, an imbalance between grape technological and phenolic maturity is being observed, which detrimentally affects the grapes’ composition. In semi-arid areas, irrigation management is a main field practice used to influence grape ripening. The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of vine irrigation on the aroma composition and sensory characteristics of La Mancha Chelva wines. Volatile compounds were studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 75 aroma compounds were identified and quantified in Chelva wines elaborated with grapes of irrigated and non-irrigated vines. The results show that the application of irrigation during vine cultivation produced small changes in the concentration of wine volatile compounds. Nevertheless, it increased, in general, the intensity of the attributes of the main aroma sensory profile of the wines. According to the results, the vine irrigation of Chelva cultivated in the La Mancha region can be used as a method to increase the aroma of wines.
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38
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Pan Y, Gu HW, Lv Y, Yin XL, Chen Y, Long W, Fu H, She Y. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of Chinese red wines for geographical origin traceability by UPLC-QTOF-MS coupled with chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 394:133473. [PMID: 35716498 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identifying geographical origins of red wines made in specific regions is of significance since the false claim of geographical origins has been frequently exposed in China's wine industry. In this work, an untargeted metabolomic approach based on UPLC-QTOF-MS was established to discriminate geographical origins of Chinese red wines. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences between wine samples from three famous geographical origins in China. The metabolites contributing to the differentiation were screened by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with pairwise modeling. 40 and 46 differential metabolites in positive and negative ionization modes were putatively identified as chemical markers. Furthermore, heatmap visualization and OPLS-DA models were constructed based on these identified markers and external verification wine samples from different regions were successfully discriminated, with recognition rate up to 96.7%. This study indicated that UPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics has great potential for the geographical origin traceability of Chinese red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Hui-Wen Gu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Wolfberry and Wine for State Administration for Market Regulation, Ningxia Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yin
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Wanjun Long
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Ramos MC, Martínez de Toda F. Influence of weather conditions and projected climate change scenarios on the suitability of Vitis vinifera cv. Carignan in Rioja DOCa, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1067-1078. [PMID: 35277746 PMCID: PMC9132826 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grape development and its quality are highly dependent on soil and weather conditions. Under the progressive warming, which can affect the suitability of typical varieties grown in a given area, the knowledge of the vine response to changes in climate is essential to stablish strategies to maintain the viticulture sector. This research presents an analysis of phenology and grape composition of the Carignan cultivar, during a 13-year period, at two locations in Rioja DOCa. Based on the results obtained and the projected changes in climate under climate change scenarios (RC4.5 and RCP8.5), the response of this cultivar was evaluated. Differences in the phenological dates of up to 18, 29 and 40 days, for flowering, veraison and harvest, respectively, were observed between the warmest and the coolest years. An advance of up to 5, 8 and 11 days, respectively, for the mentioned stages, is projected under the RCP4.5 scenario by 2050, which could be near 1.5*times higher under the RCP8.5 scenario. These advances will be mainly driven by the temperatures recorded in the previous period. Grape acidity was mainly driven by water availability, in particular during ripening, which imply a slight projected reduction due to precipitation changes but not significant effect due to increasing temperatures. The phenolic composition could be positively affected by increasing temperatures and increasing water deficits, since this variety does not always reach a complete maturity at present. Thus, under the projected warming scenarios, the suitability of Carignan in Rioja DOCa was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ramos
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - F Martínez de Toda
- ICVV (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), c/ Madre de Dios, 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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40
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Regulation of anthocyanin and sugar accumulation in grape berry through carbon limitation and exogenous ABA application. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Fernández-López DJ, Fernández-Fernández JI, Martínez-Mora C, Bleda-Sánchez JA, Ruiz-García L. Productiveness and Berry Quality of New Wine Grape Genotypes Grown under Drought Conditions in a Semi-Arid Wine-Producing Mediterranean Region. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101363. [PMID: 35631788 PMCID: PMC9147143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One alternative for adapting viticulture to high temperatures and the scarcity of water is the development of new varieties adapted to such conditions. This work describes six new genotypes, derived from “Monastrell” × “Cabernet Sauvignon” (MC16, MC19, MC72, MC80) and “Monastrell” × “Syrah” (MS104, MS49) crosses, grown under deficit irrigation and rainfed conditions in a semi-arid wine-producing area (Murcia, southeastern Spain). The effect of genotype, year, and irrigation treatment on the phenological, productiveness, morphological, and grape quality data was evaluated. The study material was obtained and selected as part of a breeding program run by the Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA). The results obtained show that under rainfed conditions, the values for productive variables decreased, while those referring to the phenolic content increased. Notable variation in the parameters evaluated was also seen for the different genotypes studied. The behavior of the genotypes MC80 and MS104 under rainfed conditions was noteworthy. In addition to maintaining very adequate yields, phenolic contents, must pH, and total acidity values, MC80 fell into the best ‘phenolic quality group’ and MS104 returned a low º°Baumé value, ideal for the production of low-alcohol-content wines. These genotypes could favor the development of sustainable quality viticulture in dry and hot areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Fernández-López
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - José Ignacio Fernández-Fernández
- Equipo de Enología y Viticultura, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.F.-F.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Celia Martínez-Mora
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Juan Antonio Bleda-Sánchez
- Equipo de Enología y Viticultura, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.F.-F.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Leonor Ruiz-García
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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A Review on the Observed Climate Change in Europe and Its Impacts on Viticulture. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European climate is changing displaying profound on agriculture, thus strongly reaching the scientific community’s attention. In this review, the compilation of selected scientific research on the agroclimatic conditions’ changes and their impact on the productivity parameters (phenology timing, product quality and quantity) of grapevines and on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the viticultural areas are attempted for the first time. For this purpose, a thorough investigation through multiple search queries was conducted for the period (2005–2021). Overall, increasing (decreasing) trends in critical temperature (precipitation) parameters are the reality of the recent past with visible impacts on viticulture. The observed climate warming already enforces emerging phenomena related to the modification of the developmental rate (earlier phenological events, shortening of phenological intervals, lengthening of the growing season, earlier harvest), the alteration of product quality, the heterogeneous effects on grapevine yield and the emergence of new cool-climate viticulture areas highlighting the cultivation’s rebirth in the northern and central parts of the continent. The vulnerability of the wine-growing ecosystem urges the integration of innovative and sustainable solutions for confronting the impacts of climate change and safeguarding the production (quantity and quality) capacity of viticultural systems in Europe under a continuously changing environment.
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43
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Previtali P, Giorgini F, Mullen RS, Dookozlian NK, Wilkinson KL, Ford CM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of vineyard techniques used to delay ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac118. [PMID: 35928398 PMCID: PMC9343921 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several vineyard techniques have been proposed to delay grape maturity in light of the advanced maturation driven by increasingly frequent water and heat stress events that are detrimental to grape quality. These studies differ in terms of their experimental conditions, and in the present work we have attempted to summarize previous observations in a quantitative, data-driven systematic review. A meta-analysis of quantitative data gathered across 43 relevant studies revealed the overall significance of the proposed treatments and evaluated the impact of different experimental conditions on the outcome of antitranspirants, delayed pruning and late source limitation. Antitranspirants were most effective when applied twice and closer to veraison, while di-1-p-menthene increased the ripening delay by about 1 °Brix compared to kaolin. Larger ripening delays were achieved with delayed pruning of low-yielding vines or by pruning at later stages of apical bud development. Late defoliation or shoot trimming delayed ripening in high-yielding vines and represent suitable solutions for late-harvested varieties, but became ineffective where the treatment decreased yield. This quantitative meta-analysis of 242 primary observations uncovers factors affecting the efficacy of vineyard practices to delay ripening, which should be carefully considered by grape growers attempting to achieve this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Giorgini
- Department of Economy, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Randall S Mullen
- Research and Development Statistics, E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA 95354, USA
| | - Nick K Dookozlian
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Department of Winegrowing Research, E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA 95354, USA
| | - Kerry L Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Christopher M Ford
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Novel Application of NIR Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Determination of 'Maraština' Wine Parameters. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081172. [PMID: 35454759 PMCID: PMC9025932 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the colour and standard chemical composition of must and wines produced from the grapes from Vitis vinifera L., 'Maraština', harvested from 10 vineyards located in two different viticultural subregions of the Adriatic region of Croatia: Northern Dalmatia and Central and Southern Dalmatia. The aim was to explore the use of NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to determine the characteristics of Maraština wines and to develop calibration models relating NIR spectra and physicochemical/colour data. Differences in the colour parameters (L*, a*, hue) of wines related to the subregions were confirmed. Colour difference (ΔE) of must vs. wine significantly differed for the samples from the Maraština grapes grown in both subregions. Principal component regression was used to construct the calibration models based on NIR spectra and standard physicochemical and colour data showing high prediction ability of the 13 studied parameters of must and/or wine (average R2 of 0.98 and RPD value of 6.8). Principal component analysis revealed qualitative differences of must and wines produced from the same grape variety but grown in different subregions.
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45
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The Impact of Temperature and Precipitation Change on the Production of Grapes in the Czech Republic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The warming of the planet and ongoing climate change are now a scientifically proven fact. These phenomena have an impact on nature and many human activities, but logically affect agriculture the most. History has confirmed that the production of grapes (the extent and quality) is significantly affected by climate change. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of climate change through changes in average precipitation and average temperatures on the quantity of grape production in the Czech Republic. A partial goal was then to predict the future development of grape production depending on the expected total precipitation and average temperatures. The effect of changes in average temperatures and total precipitation was evaluated using multiple linear regression methods. The multiple regression model did not reveal a dependence of the total precipitation and average temperatures on the development of the value of vine production due to the statistical insignificance of the effect of average temperatures on the value of vine production. However, when abstracting the effect of average temperatures on the value of vine production, the research confirmed the effect of the change in total precipitation on the value of vine production. The analysis identified the effect of changes in total precipitation and temperatures on the production of grapes in the Czech Republic.
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46
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Szeto C, Ristic R, Wilkinson K. Thinking Inside the Box: A Novel Approach to Smoke Taint Mitigation Trials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051667. [PMID: 35268767 PMCID: PMC8911903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When bushfires occur near wine regions, grapevine exposure to smoke can taint grapes due to the uptake of smoke-derived volatile compounds that can subsequently impart unpleasant smoky, medicinal, burnt rubber and ashy characters to wine. Whereas early research sought to understand the effects of smoke on grapevine physiology, and grape and wine chemistry, research efforts have shifted towards the strategic imperative for effective mitigation strategies. This study evaluated the extent to which excised grape bunches could be reproducibly tainted during smoke exposure in a purpose-built ‘smoke box’. The volatile phenol composition of grapes exposed to smoke for 30 min was similar to that of smoke-affected grapes from field trials involving grapevine exposure to smoke. Some variation was observed between replicate smoke treatments, but implementing appropriate controls and experimental replication enabled the smoke box to be used to successfully evaluate the efficacy of several agrochemical sprays and protective coverings as methods for mitigating the smoke exposure of grapes. Whereas the agrochemical sprays did not provide effective protection from smoke, enclosing grape bunches in activated carbon fabric prevented the uptake of up to 98% of the smoke-derived volatile phenols observed in smoke-affected grapes. As such, the study demonstrated not only a convenient, efficient approach to smoke taint research that overcomes the constraints associated with vineyard-based field trials, but also a promising new strategy for preventing smoke taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Szeto
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.)
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Renata Ristic
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Kerry Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.)
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-7360
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48
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Iorio D, Gambacorta G, Tarricone L, Vilanova M, Paradiso VM. Effect of Early Basal Leaf Removal on Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Sensory Properties of Aglianico Red Wines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050591. [PMID: 35270061 PMCID: PMC8912610 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of early basal leaf removal on Aglianico wines produced in the Apulia region (Italy). Three treatments were carried out, where 100% of fruit-zone leaves on the north (DN), south (DS) and on both sides of the canopy (DNS) were removed. A control (CT), where all basal leaves were retained, was also performed. Instrumental (HPLC-DAD-MS and GC-MS) and sensory analysis (QDA) were used to evaluate the treatment effect on the phenolic and volatile compositions and on the sensory descriptors of wines. DNS reached the highest amounts of phenolic compounds, showing a change in the phenolic pattern from flavonols and anthocyanins. Moreover, leaf removal influenced the levels of 37.8% of volatile compounds, quantified by increasing the concentration when early leaf removal was applied on the north side of the canopy (DN), with respect to the south (DS) and both sides (DNS). In the sensory analysis, Aglianico wines were defined by 16 sensory attributes with GM > 30%, where the highest values were reached for defoliation treatments vs. control. In conclusion, early leaf removal treatments allowed us to modulate the phenolic and volatile concentrations of Aglianico wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Iorio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gambacorta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luigi Tarricone
- CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima 148, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mar Vilanova
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC—Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, Carretera de Burgos Km 6, 26080 Logroño, Spain
| | - Vito Michele Paradiso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Agri-Food Microbiology and Food Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Greek Wine Quality Assessment and Relationships with Climate: Trends, Future Projections and Uncertainties. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine phenology is particularly sensitive to temperature variations, with changes in climate shifting events earlier and advancing berry maturation into a hotter part of the growing cycle. Consequently, serious concerns regarding the negative influences of climate change on global wine quality have been raised, with the scientific community focusing on documenting these changes to better understand and address the impacts. This study adds to this knowledge by investigating air temperature and precipitation trends over the last 40 years (i.e., 1980–2019). Over the most recent period of records (i.e., 2000–2019), minimum air temperatures significantly increased at a higher rate than maximum temperatures. On the other hand, precipitation showed the least significant trends over time. In addition, wine quality assessment and identification of the most significant weather variables and climatic indices that correlate with wine quality rating scores have also been performed. To serve this purpose, data of wine quality ratings for nine white (W) and two red (R) indigenous winegrape varieties (Vitis vinifera L., cvs) grown in Greece were obtained from the database of Thessaloniki International Wine and Spirits Competition. The results showed a statistically significant upward trend over the recent past in the majority of the varieties studied. To examine future periods, mixed-effect model outputs for Greek wine-producing regions combining an ensemble dataset using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission pathways during two future periods (i.e., 2041–2065 and 2071–2095) predicts wines of higher quality, especially during the latter time period. These results reveal that Greek wine quality rating variations are mainly driven by higher maximum temperatures and drier conditions during the growing season of the grapevines. However, two important issues need to be more fully explored in Greece and elsewhere; (1) non-linear responses to warming where wine quality could suffer above varietally specific optimum temperature thresholds and (2) a better understanding of how other non-climate-related factors (e.g., canopy management, winemaking innovations) affect wine quality in the face of a changing climate.
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50
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De Rosa V, Falchi R, Peressotti A, Vizzotto G. Expression patterns of DEMETER-like DNA demethylases homologs hint at potential involvement in grapevine dormancy release. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224404001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change represents an undeniable threat to traditional viticulture in many areas of the world. Although an increase of average surface temperatures is expected in the future, late frost occurrences are predicted to be an actual challenge, being budburst the critical stage during which cold hardiness levels dramatically decrease and frost vulnerability is at its maximum. Genomic DNA methylation is known as an important mechanism for gene expression regulation. A sub-group of epigenetic regulators named DEMETER-like DNA demethylases (DMLs) has been shown to be involved in budbreak regulation in Populus trichocarpa. In this study, buds of two Vitis cultivars, Fleurtai (Friulano × Kozma 20-3) and UD 31-103 (Merlot × Kozma 20-3), characterized by different levels of resistance to winter freezing temperatures, were sampled during the 2019/2020 winter season. Cold hardiness dynamics were monitored with differential thermal analysis (DTA) at regular intervals. Expression levels of two putative grapevine DEMETER homologs were investigated during natural dormancy conditions. Results show dissimilar deacclimation rates in the two varieties. As observed in other woody species, putative grapevine DEMETERs show downregulation and upregulation trends hinting at a potential involvement in grapevine dormancy release.
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