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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Fumia A, Calabrò C, Lo Cascio P, Lauriano ER. Mast cells in goldfish (
Carassius auratus
) gut: Immunohistochemical characterization. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Concetta Calabrò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
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Nono JK, Fu K, Mpotje T, Varrone G, Aziz NA, Mosala P, Hlaka L, Kamdem SD, Xu D, Spangenberg T, Brombacher F. Investigating the antifibrotic effect of the antiparasitic drug Praziquantel in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10638. [PMID: 32606340 PMCID: PMC7327036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis underlies the majority of human mortality to date with close to half of all reported deaths having a fibrotic etiology. The progression of fibrosis is very complex and reputed irreversible once established. Although some preventive options are being reported, therapeutic options are still scarce and in very high demand, given the rise of diseases linked to fibroproliferative disorders. Our work explored four platforms, complementarily, in order to screen preventive and therapeutic potentials of the antiparasitic drug Praziquantel as a possible antifibrotic. We applied the mouse CCl4-driven liver fibrosis model, the mouse chronic schistosomiasis liver fibrosis model, as well as novel 2D and 3D human cell-based co-culture of human hepatocytes, KCs (Kupffer cells), LECs (Liver Endothelial Cells), HSCs (Hepatic Stellate Cells) and/or myofibroblasts to mimic in vivo fibrotic responses and dynamics. Praziquantel showed some effect on fibrosis marker when preventively administered before severe establishment of fibrosis. However, it failed to potently reverse already established fibrosis. Together, we provided a novel sophisticated multi-assay screening platform to test preventive and therapeutic antifibrotic candidates. We further demonstrated a direct preventive potential of Praziquantel against the onset of fibrosis and the confirmation of its lack of therapeutic potential in reversing already established fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Komguep Nono
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kai Fu
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA.,The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Georgianna Varrone
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA.,The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nada Abdel Aziz
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paballo Mosala
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Severin Donald Kamdem
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Daigen Xu
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA.,The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A. a subsidiary of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany, Eysins, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. .,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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Hsiao CM, Wu YS, Nan FH, Huang SL, Chen L, Chen SN. Immunomodulator 'mushroom beta glucan' induces Wnt/β catenin signalling and improves wound recovery in tilapia and rat skin: a histopathological study. Int Wound J 2015; 13:1116-1128. [PMID: 25857741 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effects of mushroom beta glucan (MBG) on wound recovery in partial hepatectomy (PH) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and in rat skin wound healing examination. Following PH, we focussed on the effects on liver repair ability using in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro, we examined whether the MBG has an impact on liver cell proliferation, mainly through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell proliferation assay detection method. Results showed that MBG treatment was remarkable in enhancing cell proliferation of hepatocytes and in maintaining the cellular viability. Immunohistochemical staining to analyse Wnt/β-catenin signalling also showed that MBG has the effect of promoting cell proliferation of liver tissues after PH surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Mei Hsiao
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Huang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Lynette Chen
- Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Oregon, Oregon, OR, USA
| | - Shiu-Nan Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dynamics of hepatic stellate cells, collagen types I and III synthesis and gene expression of selected cytokines during hepatic fibrogenesis following Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda) infection in mice. Int J Parasitol 2009; 40:163-74. [PMID: 19631650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the relationship between progression of Mesocestoides vogae infection in the liver of mice, the accumulation rate of collagen types I and III, gene expression of fibrogenic factors and cytokines was examined within 6weeks p.i. Due to asexual multiplication, the total number of larvae in the liver increased considerably and 63.4% were found in collagen capsules on day 42 p.i. Intense staining for both collagens was recorded in the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) throughout the period of this study in the inflammatory lesions. With progressing infection, cellular expression of both collagens was confined to the flat cells, myofibroblasts, which were scattered among collagen fibres in parenchymal lesions and capsules. Collagen-positive areas mirrored immunostaining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in HSCs and myofibroblasts. Gene expression of both collagens increased rapidly within 14days p.i. and their expression pattern resembled that for pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and alpha-SMA protein. IL-10 cytokine expression was up-regulated following day 14 p.i. and that of IL-13 was up-regulated early p.i., then transcription elevated gradually mirroring the activity of other pro-fibrotic markers. In contrast, transcription activity of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was elevated shortly after infection, followed by the partial down-regulation of gene expression, indicating the lack of larval killing, enhanced granulomatous inflammation and the perpetuation of hepatic fibrosis. Histomorphometric analysis of the parenchymal fibrous lesions, surface areas of larvae surrounded with the inflammatory infiltrates and surface areas of developing or mature larva-containing granulomas, correlated with the proportion of free and encapsulated larvae, immunostaining and gene expression patterns of collagens and pro-fibrotic markers. At a later stage of infection (day 28 p.i. onwards) collagen I-positive areas occupied a greater surface area and formed mature larval capsules and scars in the liver. In contrast, collagen III was less abundant and was localised mainly in the fibrous lesions in damaged parenchyma, suggesting their specific up-regulation as the part of host-protecting and tissue-healing responses.
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Impact of treatment with praziquantel, silymarin and/or β-glucan on pathophysiological markers of liver damage and fibrosis in mice infected with Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda) tetrathyridia. J Helminthol 2008; 82:211-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x08960776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia infection in mice causes hepatocyte injury, hepatic granulomatous inflammmation, liver fibrosis and chronic peritonitis manifested with portal hypertension. To reduce the detrimental effect of parasites on the host liver, the effect of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel (PZQ) in combination with natural products silymarin (an antioxidant) and β-glucan (an immunomodulator) was investigated. The therapeutic effect of drugs was assessed by means of aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) activities, content of albumin, total proteins and hyaluronic acid (HA) in sera of ICR mice infected with M. vogae larvae. Animals were treated with PZQ suspended in oil emulsion (Group 1), PZQ combined with silymarin incorporated into lipid microspheres (LMS) (Group 2), PZQ combined with β-glucan incorporated into liposomes (LG) (Group 3), PZQ co-administered with LMS and LG (Group 4). Untreated animals (Group 5) served as the control. Treatment of animals started at the early chronic phase of infection (day 14 p.i.) and lasted 10 days; serum samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 25, 28, 31, 35 and 45 p.i. ALT and AST activities were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Groups 2, 3 and 4. HA content was significantly (P < 0.05 and 0.01) lower in Groups 2 and 4. Albumin levels were decreased in Groups 2 and 4, total protein concentration decreased in Groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.05 and 0.01). These results showed that combined treatment of PZQ with silymarin and/or β-glucan was able to ameliorate or suppress fibrogenesis in the liver, protect liver cells from oxidative damage and, possibly, stimulate regeneration of the parenchyma.
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Hrckova G, Velebný S, Kogan G. Antibody response in mice infected with Mesocestoides vogae (syn. Mesocestoides corti) tetrathyridia after treatment with praziquantel and liposomised glucan. Parasitol Res 2007; 100:1351-9. [PMID: 17252273 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of praziquantel (PZQ) involves synergy with the humoral immune response during helminth infections, which is modulated by parasitic antigens. During experimental murine infections with the larval stage of cestoda Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti), dynamic changes in the IgG and IgM antibody serum levels to both soluble somatic and secretory larval antigens were investigated after administration of PZQ alone and after its co-administration with the immunomodulator (l-->3)-beta-D-glucan entrapped in liposomes (lip.glucan). During the 2 weeks of follow-up after termination of therapy, specific IgG and IgM serum levels to the somatic antigens (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test) significantly decreased, whereas concentrations of the antibodies to the secretory antigens moderately increased, both in comparison with the control. Moreover, the number of immunogenic larval antigens (analysed by Western blot) was higher after combined therapy in comparison with single drug administration, which correlated with the intensity of reduction of the larval counts in the liver and peritoneal cavity of mice. Our data showed that administration of PZQ alone and in combination with lip.glucan resulted in marked changes in the dynamics of IgG and IgM antibodies to the somatic larval antigens, which were probably induced by the newly exposed antigens. In this respect, glucan can enhance chemotherapeutic activity of PZQ against larval cestodes by means of stimulation of the macrophage/monocyte effector functions, which seemed to contribute to the more intense larval damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hrckova
- Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Murakawa K, Fukunaga K, Tanouchi M, Hosokawa M, Hossain Z, Takahashi K. Therapy of Myeloma In Vivo Using Marine Phospholipid in Combination with Agaricus blazei Murill as an Immune Respond Activator. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:179-88. [PMID: 17898480 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom (Agaricus blazei Murill) extract has been reported to possess antitumor effects through immune activation. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of combining A. blazei extract with marine phospholipids in comparison to A. blazei extract alone on myeloma sp2 tumor suppression when orally administrated. The experimental groups designed for sp2 tumor bearing BALB/c nu/nu mice were drinks of: (1)control; (2)1.0 mg/mL squid phospholipid liposome alone; (3)0.5 mg/mL A. blazei Murill water extract alone; (4)1.0 mg/mL squid phospholipid liposome with 0.5 mg/mL A. blazei Murill water extract in the form of those simple mixture; and (5)1.0 mg/mL squid phospholipid liposome with 0.5 mg/mL A. blazei Murill water extract partially encapsulated. Orally administrated volumes amounted to approximately 5 mL per day per mouse for all groups. A. blazei Murill water extract alone and squid phospholipid alone served groups show moderate tumor suppression with total administrations of approximately 105 mg/mouse for squid phospholipid through out the experimental term. When both A. blazei Murill water extract and squid phospholipid were administrated simultaneously in a simple mixture form, promotional effect on cancer tumor suppression was observed. And when A. blazei Murill water extract was partially encapsulated in the squid phospholipid liposomes with total administrations being 105 mg/mouse for squid phospholipid, effect on cancer tumor suppression was more pronounced. Though there was no statistically significant difference in tumor sizes between the simple mixture form administrated group i.e. group (4) and the partially encapsulated form administrated group i.e. group (5), the tumor vanished mouse was seen in the partially encapsulated form administrated group. Thus it was concluded that combinational administration of the A. blazei Murill water extract and the marine phospholipid may be useful in myeloma sp2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Murakawa
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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