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Hernández-Goenaga J, López-Abán J, Blanco-Gómez A, Vicente B, Burguillo FJ, Pérez-Losada J, Muro A. Identification of Genomic Regions Implicated in Susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni Infection in a Murine Backcross Genetic Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14768. [PMID: 37834216 PMCID: PMC10573152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a small number of infected people are highly susceptible to schistosomiasis, showing high levels of infection or severe liver fibrosis. The susceptibility to schistosome infection is influenced by genetic background. To assess the genetic basis of susceptibility and identify the chromosomal regions involved, a backcross strategy was employed to generate high variation in schistosomiasis susceptibility. This strategy involved crossing the resistant C57BL/6J mouse strain with the susceptible CBA/2J strain. The resulting F1 females (C57BL/6J × CBA/2J) were then backcrossed with CBA/2J males to generate the backcross (BX) cohort. The BX mice exhibited a range of phenotypes, with disease severity varying from mild to severe disease, lacking a fully resistant group. We observed four levels of infection intensity using cluster and principal component analyses and K-means based on parasitological, pathological, and immunological trait measurements. The mice were genotyped with 961 informative SNPs, leading to the identification of 19 new quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with parasite burden, liver lesions, white blood cell populations, and antibody responses. Two QTLs located on chromosomes 15 and 18 were linked to the number of granulomas, liver lesions, and IgM levels. The corresponding syntenic human regions are located in chromosomes 8 and 18. None of the significant QTLs had been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hernández-Goenaga
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropica-les de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Ldo. Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.H.-G.); (B.V.)
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropica-les de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Ldo. Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.H.-G.); (B.V.)
| | - Adrián Blanco-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.B.-G.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC)—CSIC, Laboratory 20, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Vicente
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropica-les de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Ldo. Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.H.-G.); (B.V.)
| | - Francisco Javier Burguillo
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Donantes de Sangre s/n. Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.B.-G.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC)—CSIC, Laboratory 20, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropica-les de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Ldo. Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.H.-G.); (B.V.)
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Mironova E, Gopko M, Pasternak A, Mikheev V, Taskinen J. Allee effect in a manipulative parasite within poikilothermic host under temperature change. Parasitology 2022; 149:35-43. [PMID: 35184786 PMCID: PMC11010467 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and intraspecific competition are important factors influencing the growth of all organisms, including parasites. The temperature increase is suggested to stimulate the development of parasites within poikilothermic hosts. However, at high parasite densities, this effect could be diminished, due to stronger intraspecific competition. Our study, for the first time, addressed the joint effects of warming and parasite abundances on parasite growth in poikilothermic hosts. The growth of the common fish parasite larvae (trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) within the rainbow trout at different infection intensities and temperatures (15°C and 18°C) was experimentally investigated. The results showed that temperature was positively correlated with both parasite infection success and growth rates. The growth rates increased much more compared to those in many free-living poikilothermic animals. Atypically for a majority of parasites, D. pseudospathaceum larvae grow faster when abundant (Allee effect). The possible causes for this phenomenon (manipulation cost sharing, etc.) are discussed in this study. Importantly, limited evidence of the interaction between temperature and population density was found. It is likely that temperature did not change the magnitude of the Allee effect but affected its timing. The impact of these effects is supposed to become more pronounced in freshwater ecosystems under current climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mironova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij prosp., 33, 119071Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Gopko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij prosp., 33, 119071Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Pasternak
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nahimovskiy prosp., 36, 117997Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Mikheev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij prosp., 33, 119071Moscow, Russia
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Buhl-Mortensen L, Williams JD, Boyko CB. A new species of Crinoniscus Pérez, 1900 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Crinoniscidae) parasitising the pedunculate barnacle Heteralepas newmani Buhl-Mortensen & Mifsud (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) with notes on its ecology and a review of the genus. Syst Parasitol 2020; 97:179-192. [PMID: 32065370 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The new species Crinoniscus stroembergi n. sp. belonging to the parasitic isopod family Crinoniscidae Bonnier, 1900, is described from a pedunculate barnacle host collected in the Mediterranean Sea. This is the first species of Crinoniscus Pérez, 1900 described from a host in the genus Heteralepas Pilsbry. The male cryptoniscus larva is distinguished from congeneric species by having a dorsoventrally flattened body with the posterolateral margins of the cephalon scarcely extending beyond the anterior margin of pereomere 1 (in contrast to C. cephalatus Hosie, 2008 with extended margins); articles 1 and 2 of the antennule being subequal in width and the anterodistal angle of antennule article being low and rounded; propodus of pereopods 6 and 7 having a sinuous dorsal margin that is distally narrowing and the posterior margin of the pleotelson being short and rounded. The mature females of species in Crinoniscus are of two basic forms: those with ventrolateral lobes on the pereomeres (C. alepadis (Gruvel, 1901) n. comb., and C. politosummus Hosie, 2008) and those lacking such lobes (C. cephalatus and C. stroembergi n. sp.). The mature females of C. stroembergi n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Crininiscus based on their lacking lobes on the anterior end. The material examined includes the male and three female developmental stages of the parasite in the host, Heteralepas newmani Buhl-Mortensen & Mifsud. The mouthparts of the immature female are described and the feeding biology and effects on the host are discussed along with a review of feeding modes in species of the Cryptoniscoidea. Leponiscus alepadis is transferred to Crinoniscus; the latter genus now contains five species. A modified diagnosis of Crinoniscus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher B Boyko
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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Parasite and host biomass and reproductive output in barnacle populations in the rocky intertidal zone. Parasitology 2018; 146:407-412. [PMID: 30301482 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rocky intertidal zone has a long history of ecological study with barnacles frequently serving as a model system to explore foundational theories. Parasites are often ignored in community ecology studies, and this particularly holds for true for the rocky intertidal zone. We explore the role of the isopod parasite, Hemioniscus balani, on its host, the acorn barnacle, Chthamalus fissus. We use the currencies of biomass and reproduction measured at the individual level, then applied to the population level, to evaluate the importance of this parasite to barnacle populations. We found H. balani can comprise substantial biomass in 'apparent' barnacle populations, sometimes even equaling barnacle biomass. Additionally, parasite reproduction sometimes matched barnacle reproduction. Thus, parasites divert substantial energy flow from the barnacle population and to near-shore communities in the form of parasite larvae. Parasites appeared to decrease barnacle reproduction per area. Potentially, this parasite may control barnacle populations, depending on the extent to which heavily infected barnacle populations contribute to barnacle populations at larger scales. These findings regarding the importance of a particular parasite for host population dynamics in this well studied ecosystem call for the integration of disease dynamics into community ecological studies of the rocky intertidal zone.
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