1
|
Shahidi FV, Tracey M, Gignac MAM, Oudyk J, Smith PM. Unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. Am J Ind Med 2024. [PMID: 38849975 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpaid overtime-describing a situation where extra hours are worked but not paid for-is a common feature of the labor market that, together with other forms of wage theft, costs workers billions of dollars annually. In this study, we examine the association between unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. We also assess the relative strength of that association by comparing it against those of other broadly recognized work stressors. METHODS Data were drawn from a survey administered to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 3691). Generalized linear models quantified associations between unpaid overtime, stress, and burnout, distinguishing between moderate (1-5) and excessive (6 or more) hours of unpaid overtime. RESULTS Unpaid overtime was associated with higher levels of stress and burnout. Relative to those working no unpaid overtime, men working excessive unpaid overtime were 85% more likely to report stress (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.72) and 84% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), while women working excessive unpaid overtime were 90% more likely to report stress (PR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32-2.75) and 52% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12-2.06). The association of excessive unpaid overtime with mental health was comparable in magnitude to that of shift work and low job control. CONCLUSIONS Unpaid overtime may present a significant challenge to the mental health of working people, highlighting the potential role of wage theft as a neglected occupational health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vahid Shahidi
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Tracey
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Oudyk
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Fei C, Zhang X, Yang L, Ji X, Zeng Q, Liu J, Song J, Yan Z. What we learned from the infection control and what we need in the future: A quantitative and qualitative study on hospital infection prevention and control practitioners (HIPCPs) in Tianjin, China. Am J Infect Control 2024:S0196-6553(24)00496-6. [PMID: 38740285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2022, the epidemic prevention and control policy was upgraded, and China entered a different stage of epidemic control. This study aims to identify implications for better infection control and health care supply during the epidemic. METHODS A longitudinal quantitative and qualitative study was performed based on 2 comprehensive questionnaire surveys among 497 hospital infection prevention and control practitioners (HIPCPs) before and during the epidemic peak in Tianjin, China. RESULTS The workload (8.2 hours vs 10.14 hours, P = 0) and self-reported mental health problems (23.5% vs 61.8%, P < .05) among the HIPCPs increased significantly in the peak period. Ward reconstruction and resource coordination were the most needed jobs in hospital infection control, and rapidly increased medical waste during the epidemic needs to be considered in advance. Community support for health care personnel and their families, maintaining full PPE to reduce simultaneous infection of medical staff, and clinical training of infectious diseases for medical staff, especially doctors, in advance are the most important things we learned. CONCLUSION Although it has been 4 years since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, more improvements should be made to prepare for the next epidemic of potential diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunnan Fei
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyue Ji
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Qili Zeng
- Department of Disinfection, Hubei Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Disinfection and Nosocomial Infection Control, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goto H, Kawachi I, Vandoros S. The association between economic uncertainty and suicide in Japan by age, sex, employment status, and population density: an observational study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 46:101069. [PMID: 38711964 PMCID: PMC11070334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death globally, and previous research has revealed a link between economic conditions and mental health. However, the literature has focused primarily on recessions and unemployment, i.e. actual economic developments, as opposed to uncertainty, which relates to economic developments that have not (yet) materialised. This study examines the differential association between economic uncertainty and suicide in Japan, depending on age, sex, employment status, and population density, in order to identify the groups that are affected the most. Methods Using monthly prefectural suicide mortality data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and a monthly economic uncertainty index for the period 2009 to 2019, we employed a fixed effects panel data approach to examine the association between uncertainty and suicide by population group. Findings We found that a 1% increase in economic uncertainty is associated with a 0.061 increase in the monthly number of suicides per 100,000 people per prefecture, on average (coefficient: 6.08; 95% CI: 5.07-7.08), which constitutes a 3.62% increase. Self-employed people, as well as men in their 50s and unemployed men, experience the highest additional risk of suicide when uncertainty increases. The association was approximately three times stronger for males than for females, and a strong association was observed for self-employed males living in more densely-populated areas. Interpretation Uncertainty appears to relate to suicides for most groups, but self-employed people, males, and those living in more densely populated areas appear to be more at risk of suicide in periods of increased economic uncertainty. Our results provide an indication of which groups mental health services and prevention strategies can focus on in times of economic uncertainty. Funding None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Goto
- University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Sotiris Vandoros
- University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
von Zimmermann C, Hübner M, Mühle C, Müller CP, Weinland C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Masculine depression and its problem behaviors: use alcohol and drugs, work hard, and avoid psychiatry! Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:321-333. [PMID: 36855002 PMCID: PMC10914846 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The gender role influences vulnerability to mental illness. Substance use, even critical in scale, is perceived as masculine, just like hard (over-)work, while not seeking help. With the ongoing separation between gender and sex, masculine norms become more relevant also to females' mental health. The male depression concept highlights the role of male symptoms in affective disorders. However, the empirical evidence is still limited. Here, we use the denomination 'masculine depression' to open the category for female patients and tested substance use patterns, health services' utilization, and working hours as predictors in a case-control study of 163 depressed in-patients (44% women; masculine vs. non-masculine depression according to a median split of the Male Depression Rating Scale-22) and 176 controls (51% women). We assessed higher depression severity in patients with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Masculine depression (vs. non-masculine depression and vs. no depression) was predicted by more frequent and critical use of alcohol (including binge drinking), tobacco, and illicit drugs, and by longer working times. Moreover, fewer health services contacts due to mental complaints during the previous year were associated with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Alarmingly, even critical substance misuse was not significantly associated with more frequent health services contacts; however, the higher the depression severity, the more contacts the patients reported. Here, we provide evidence that patients with masculine depression are highly burdened and undertreated, which applies equally to female and male patients. This study identified promising targets to establish specialized care offers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Hübner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JH, Park SG, Kim HC, Hwang SH. The relationship between working time mismatch and depression according to actual hours worked. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:788-797. [PMID: 38059573 PMCID: PMC10743349 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of the combination of working hours and working time mismatch on depression is unknown. This study was undertaken to confirm the relationship between working time mismatch and depression with respect to hours worked. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of 45 514 adult workers that participated in the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS-VI 2020) were reviewed. Depression was defined using the World Health Organization 5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) cut-off score of 50. Working time mismatch was defined as a difference between actual and desired working hours. To identify associations between working hour mismatch and depression according to weekly hours worked, stratification analysis was conducted by dividing the study subjects into 3 groups based on actual hours worked weekly (<40 h, 40-<52 h, or ≥52 h). Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was performed to calculate odds ratios of depression. RESULTS In the <40 h, 40-<52 h, and ≥52 h groups, the odds ratios (OR) of working more hours than desired were 1.51, 95% CI: 1.20-1.92 (<40 h), 1.70, 95% CI: 1.58-1.84 (40-<52 h), and 1.55, 95% CI: 1.41-1.69 (≥52 h), respectively, compared to a matched actual versus desired working hours group (the matched group). On the other hand, the odds ratios of working fewer hours than desired were 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.27 (<40 h), 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20-1.60 (40-<52 h), and 1.98, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17 (≥52 h), respectively. The risk of depression was found to increase significantly with working time mismatch within all 3 working hour groups. CONCLUSIONS Working time mismatch increases the risk of worker depression regardless of hours worked. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(6):788-97.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Kim
- Inha University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Shin Goo Park
- Inha University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Inha University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hwang
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Department of Dentistry, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Xiang Y, Zhou W, Li G, Zhao C, Zhang D, Fang S. Long working hours and all-cause mortality in China: A 26-year follow-up study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:539-548. [PMID: 37665226 PMCID: PMC10857867 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between long working hours and the risk of mortality has been debated in various countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and all-cause mortality in a large population-based cohort in China. METHODS This retrospective cohort study (N=10 269) used a large, nationally representative data set [the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS)] from 1989 to 2015. Long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35-40 hours per week). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, with stratified analyses to assess differences in mortality risk among subgroups. RESULTS Among the participants, 411 deaths (3.52 per 1000 person-years) occurred during a median follow-up of 11.0 (range 4.0-18.0) years. After adjusting for covariates, long working hours were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02-2.18]. Stratified analyses revealed that this association was present only among men (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15-2.75) and smoking participants (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.57). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of an association between long working hours and all-cause mortality, which is specifically observed among men and smokers. Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive working hours and identify individuals at elevated risk, with support from labor organizations, policymakers, and employers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shenying Fang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Liu P, Ma L, Wang X. Association between overtime and depressive symptoms among Chinese employees. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241994. [PMID: 37886054 PMCID: PMC10598688 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examines the correlation between overtime and depressive symptoms, and analyzed the moderating effect of age, education level, and income level on their correlation by using a nationally representative sample from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018. Methods Participants are divided into three groups: 30-44 h/week, 44.1-61.9 h/week (defined as overtime group), and ≥ 62 h/week (heavy overtime group). The multiple ordered logistic regression models are conducted to estimate the association between overtime and depressive symptoms. The interaction term of overtime and moderators including age, education level, and income level are introduced into the models to test the moderating effect. Results The overtime group have an increased probability of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20) compared with those who reported working hours 30-44 h/week, after controlling for important confounders. What's more, the worsening of depressive symptoms is more pronounced in the heavy overtime group (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.22-1.44). The moderating effect results show that younger employees, employees with high education levels, and those with high income level are more likely to be affected by the negative effects of overtime. Conclusion Working overtime increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms. Younger employees, high-educated employees and employees with high income level are more vulnerable to the negative effects of overtime on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liang
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Business, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xinrou Wang
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Child Health, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayalew M, Deribe B, Hussen S, Defar S, Tesfaye E, Gedefaw A. Insomnia and common mental disorder among patients with pre-existing chronic non-communicable diseases in southern Ethiopia: a survey during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1142926. [PMID: 37779630 PMCID: PMC10540445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been causing significant mental health problems and other health-related issues. Despite the fact that COVID-19 has a significant impact on chronic disease patients, there is scant research on insomnia, common mental health disorders (CMD), and their associated factors among chronic disease patients. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia and common mental disorders (CMD) and their associated factors among patients with pre-existing chronic NCDs in Sidama, southern Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was undertaken between June 1 and September 1, 2021. The study included 633 participants. CMD and insomnia were assessed using a 20-item Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale, respectively. To describe the various variables, descriptive statistics were used. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent factors associated with CMD and insomnia. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of insomnia and CMD was found to be 39.3% and 46.8%, respectively. Being merchant (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.82), having a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.04, 3.46), comorbid diagnosis (AOR = 3.96; 95% CI = 2.27, 6.89), low social support (poor (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.51, 7.57) and moderate (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.46, 6.69)), symptoms of insomnia (AOR = 12.08; 95% CI = 7.41, 19.72) and poor quality of life (QOL) (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.72) were independent predictors of CMD. We also found out that, having cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.18, 5.19), CMD (AOR = 12.09; 95% CI = 7.46, 19.61), and poor QOL (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.27, 3.26) were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Conclusion Our study suggests that substantially high prevalence of CMD and insomnia. Significant association between CMD and occupation, diagnosis, comorbidity, social support, insomnia, and QOL were found. We also revealed that having CVDs, CMD, and poor QOL were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Therefore, dealing with the mental health problems of patients with chronic NCDs is an essential component of public health intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayalew
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Bedilu Deribe
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Siraj Hussen
- School of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Semira Defar
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Emnet Tesfaye
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Gedefaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji J, Han Y, Li R, Jin H, Yin C, Niu L, Ying X, Gao Y, Ma Q. The role of effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms in the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism among Chinese village doctors: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37434160 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long working hours and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among medical workers may contribute to poor mental health and reduced productivity. However, the potential mechanisms among them are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the role of depressive symptoms and ERI in the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism among village doctors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 705 village doctors were assessed for working hours, ERI (the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, ERI questionnaire), presenteeism (6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, SPS-6 Scale), and depressive symptoms (12-item General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12). A moderated mediation model was used to test the role of depressive symptoms (M), and ERI (W) in the relationship between long working hours (X) and presenteeism (Y). RESULTS 45.11% of the village doctors worked more than 55 h per week, and 55.89% were exposed to ERI. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese village doctors was 40.85%. Long working hours (≥ 55 h per week) were significantly associated with presenteeism behaviors (β = 2.17, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that depressive symptoms (GHQ score > 3) could partly mediate the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism (indirect effect β = 0.64, P < 0.001). Moderated mediation further indicated that the interaction of long working hours and ERI was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted elevated presenteeism behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms had a mediating role in the association of long working hours with presenteeism behaviors among Chinese village doctors and ERI augment their negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ji
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
- Department of Health Management, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yarong Han
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Ruyu Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Chengjie Yin
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Luyao Niu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xinyu Ying
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yuexia Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
- Institute for Health and Development, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
- Department of Health Management, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang HT, Kim CJ, Lee DW, Park SG, Lee J, Youn K, Kim HC, Jeong KS, Song H, Kim SK, Koh SB. Statement by the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine on the proposed reform of working hours in South Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e17. [PMID: 37928373 PMCID: PMC10622250 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government's working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers' health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Kang
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Shincheon Union Hospital, Siheung, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Gwon Park
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheongju Hankook General Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kanwoo Youn
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hansoo Song
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steffey MA, Griffon DJ, Risselada M, Buote NJ, Scharf VF, Zamprogno H, Winter AL. A narrative review of the physiology and health effects of burnout associated with veterinarian-pertinent occupational stressors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184525. [PMID: 37465277 PMCID: PMC10351608 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic workplace stress and burnout are serious problems in veterinary medicine. Although not classified as a medical condition, burnout can affect sleep patterns and contributes to chronic low grade systemic inflammation, autonomic imbalance, hormonal imbalances and immunodeficiencies, thereby increasing the risks of physical and psychological ill health in affected individuals. Cultural misconceptions in the profession often lead to perceptions of burnout as a personal failure, ideas that healthcare professionals are somehow at lower risk for suffering, and beliefs that affected individuals can or should somehow heal themselves. However, these concepts are antiquated, harmful and incorrect, preventing the design of appropriate solutions for this serious and growing challenge to the veterinary profession. Veterinarians must first correctly identify the nature of the problem and understand its causes and impacts before rational solutions can be implemented. In this first part of two companion reviews, burnout will be defined, pathophysiology discussed, and healthcare and veterinary-relevant occupational stressors that lead to burnout identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dominique J. Griffon
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole J. Buote
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Valery F. Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simonova N, Kirichek M, Trofimova AA, Korneeva Y, Trofimova AN, Korobitsyna R, Sorokina T. The Functional States of the Participants of a Marine Arctic Expedition with Different Levels of Vitamin D in Blood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6092. [PMID: 37372679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The vitamin D level in blood is one of the markers of the functional reserves of the human body and can contribute to more successful adaptation in the Arctic. (2) Methods: The study involved 38 participants in the project "Arctic Floating University-2021". The determination of vitamin D content was carried out at the beginning of the expedition. A dynamic study was carried out for 20 days in the morning and in the evening. The functional state parameters of the participants were assessed using psychophysiological and questionnaire methods. Statistical methods: Mann-Whitney U-test and correlation analysis. (3) Results: It was found that at the beginning of the expedition, the functional state of participants with more severe vitamin D deficiency is characterized by a shorter average duration of RR intervals (p = 0.050) and reduced SDNN values (p = 0.015). The higher the content of vitamin D, the greater increase in speed (r = 0.510), the higher the increase in projective performance (r = 0.485), and the smaller the increase in projective stress (r = -0.334). Significant relationships between the subjective characteristics of functional states and the vitamin D of participants have not been established. (4) Conclusion: With an increase in the severity of vitamin D deficiency in the blood, the adaptive capabilities of participants decrease during an expedition to the Arctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Simonova
- Laboratory of Labor Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow 125009, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Maria Kirichek
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Anna A Trofimova
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Yana Korneeva
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Anna N Trofimova
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Rimma Korobitsyna
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sorokina
- Department of Psychology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blasche G, Khanaqa TAK, Wagner-Menghin M. Mentally Demanding Work and Strain: Effects of Study Duration on Fatigue, Vigor, and Distress in Undergraduate Medical Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1674. [PMID: 37372792 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The impact of the extent of mentally demanding work on the next-day's strain is largely unknown, as existing studies generally investigate consequences of extended versus normal workdays. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating how short work periods of mentally demanding academic work impact strain reactions in medical students preparing for an exam, using days of no work as reference category. METHOD The observational design involved students repeatedly self-reporting fatigue, vigor, distress, and the preceding day's study duration. Hours of nocturnal sleep, attending paid work and compulsory classes, gender, and proximity to the exam were controls in the linear model (generalized estimating equations). Forty-nine students provided 411 self-reports (M = 8.6, SD = 7.0 self-reports/student). RESULTS Engaging in mentally demanding work was associated with increased distress and work periods > 4 h with increased fatigue. Distress, vigor loss, and fatigue increased in proximity to the exam. CONCLUSION Despite students' high control of their schedule, even short periods of mentally highly demanding work may impair next-day's well-being when task motivation is high. Freelancers and students might require health-promoting scheduling of work and leisure to avoid an accumulation of strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Blasche
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tav A K Khanaqa
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Wagner-Menghin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division for Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Semaan R, Nater UM, Heinzer R, Haba-Rubio J, Vlerick P, Cambier R, Gomez P. Does workplace telepressure get under the skin? Protocol for an ambulatory assessment study on wellbeing and health-related physiological, experiential, and behavioral concomitants of workplace telepressure. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 37138296 PMCID: PMC10155671 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily working life of many employees requires the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT) devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The double-edged nature of digital work environments has been increasingly highlighted. Benefits such as increased flexibility come at a personal cost. One of the potential downsides is workplace telepressure, i.e., the experience of urge and preoccupation to quickly reply to work-related messages and demands using ICT. There is initial - mainly survey-based-evidence that workplace telepressure may have negative effects on a variety of wellbeing and health outcomes. AIMS AND HYPOTHESES Adopting the Effort-Recovery Model and the concept of allostatic load as theoretical frameworks, the present study aims to investigate the hypothesis that workplace telepressure is significantly associated with increased "wear and tear", in the form of more psychosomatic complaints, worse sleep quality (self-reported and actigraphy-based), worse mood, and biological alterations (lower cardiac vagal tone, lower anabolic balance defined as the ratio of salivary dehydroepiandrosterone to salivary cortisol, and higher salivary alpha-amylase). Additionally, the study aims to investigate the hypothesis that connection to work defined as work-related workload and work-related perseverative cognition plays a significant role in the mediation of these relationships. METHODS To test our hypotheses, we will conduct an ambulatory assessment study with a convenience sample of 120 healthy workers regularly using ICTs for job communication. For one week, participants will be asked to complete electronic diaries assessing their level of workplace telepressure, psychosomatic complaints, sleep quality, mood, work-related workload, and work-related perseverative cognition. They will also continuously wear the Bittium Faros 180L ECG monitor, the wrist-worn actigraph MotionWatch 8, and perform saliva sampling five times per day. DISCUSSION This study will be the most comprehensive ambulatory investigation of workplace telepressure and its psychophysiological concomitants to date and constitutes an important step towards understanding how high levels of workplace telepressure may lead in the long term to secondary alterations (e.g., hypertension, chronic inflammation) and disease (e.g., heart disease). The findings of this study are also anticipated to contribute to guiding the development and implementation of interventions, programs, and policies relevant to employees' digital wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Semaan
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform "The Stress of Life - Processes and Mechanisms Underlying Everyday Life Stress", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaël Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Department of Medecine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Haba-Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Department of Medecine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vlerick
- Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cambier
- Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ochiai Y, Takahashi M, Matsuo T, Sasaki T, Sato Y, Fukasawa K, Araki T, Otsuka Y. Characteristics of long working hours and subsequent psychological and physical responses: JNIOSH cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:304-311. [PMID: 37116959 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the prospective association among objectively measured average working hours (AWHs), frequency of long working hours (FLWHs; defined as ≥205 working hours/month (≥45 hours/week)) for 6 months, and workers' self-reported psychological and physical health. METHODS The study included 15 143 workers from 5 Japanese companies. We collected monthly attendance records over 6 months before distributing a questionnaire survey on psychological/physical stress responses and work-related demographics. We then evaluated the associations of those attendance records with psychological/physical measures using analysis of covariance adjusted for sex, age, employment, job type, working conditions, work site and experience of emergency state due to COVID-19. RESULTS Irritability, anxiety and depression were significantly greater at ≥180 hours (≥45 hours/week), and fatigue and lack of vigour were greater at ≥205 hours than those of the normal working-hour group (140-180 hours/month [35-45 hours/week]). Psychological indices increased significantly with FLWH, with ≥3 times for irritability, depression and fatigue; ≥2 times for lack of vigour; and ≥1 time for anxiety when compared with no long working hours. No significant associations were observed between AWH or FLWH and physical stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Longer AWH was associated with higher levels of psychological stress responses. The effects of FLWH in the past 6 months varied among the psychological stress responses and did not occur for physical complaints. Under circumstances requiring long hours, workers' mental health should be protected through minimising the frequency of long work hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ochiai
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- Advantage Risk Management Co Ltd, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Advantage Risk Management Co Ltd, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Otsuka
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Che H, Wu H, Qiao Y, Luan B, Zhao Q, Wang H. Association between long working hours and mental health among nurses in China under COVID-19 pandemic: based on a large cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:234. [PMID: 37029359 PMCID: PMC10080503 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nurses were more likely to experience mental disorders due to long working hours and irregular schedules. However, studies addressing this issue are scarce; therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and mental health in Chinese nurses during the coronavirus disease pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,811 nurses at a tertiary hospital in China from March to April 2022. We collected data on demographic, psychological characteristics, dietary habits, life, and work-related factors using a self-reported questionnaire and measured mental health using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7. Binary logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The effective response rates were 81.48%, 7.80% (219), and 6.70% (189) of the respondents who reported depression and anxiety, respectively. We categorized the weekly working hours by quartiles. Compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals across the quartiles for depression after adjustment were 0.98 (0.69, 1.40), 10.58 (2.78, 40.32), and 1.79 (0.81, 3.97) respectively, the P for trend was 0.002. The odds ratios across the quartiles for anxiety after adjustment were 0.87 (0.59, 1.30), 8.69 (2.13, 35.46), and 2.67 (1.26, 5.62), respectively, and the P for trend was 0.008. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that extended working hours increased the risk of mental disorders among nurses during the coronavirus disease pandemic, particularly in those who worked more than 60 h per week. These findings enrich the literature on mental disorders and demonstrate a critical need for additional studies investigating intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Che
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Bonan Luan
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee HE, Kawachi I. Impact of Reduced Working Hours and Night Work Hours on Metabolic Syndrome: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:59-65. [PMID: 36941937 PMCID: PMC10024172 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epidemiological evidence linking long working hours and shift work to metabolic syndrome remains inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of reducing working hours on metabolic syndrome. Methods We compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male manual workers in a manufacturing company (N = 371) before and after the introduction of policy to reduce daily work hours from 10 to 8 hours. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured in periodic health examinations before the intervention, 6-9 months after, and 1.5-2 years after the intervention. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Analyses were stratified by day work versus shift work. Results The results showed a significantly decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome 6-9 months following the intervention in day workers (risk ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.88), but the benefit disappeared after 1.5-2 years. Shift workers showed a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the whole follow-up duration after the intervention, although the change was not statistically significant. Conclusion Reducing working hours was associated with short-term improvement in metabolic syndrome in male manual workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Social Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Labor Safety and Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil 3303-3, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim MH, Yoon JH, Lee WT, Kim MS, Baek SU, Won JU. Performance-Based Pay System and Job Stress Related to Depression/Anxiety in Korea: Analysis of Korea Working Condition Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4065. [PMID: 36901074 PMCID: PMC10002074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The adoption rate of performance-based pay systems has increased in recent years, and the adverse effects of systems have been emphasized. However, no study has analyzed the increase in the risk of depression/anxiety symptoms caused by the pay system in Korea. This study aimed to reveal the association between performance-based pay systems and symptoms of depression/anxiety, using data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Depressive/anxiety symptoms were assessed using "yes" or "no" questions regarding medical problems related to depression/anxiety. The performance-based pay system and job stress were estimated using self-response answers. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between performance-based pay systems, job stress, and symptoms of depression/anxiety using data from 27,793 participants. The performance-based pay system significantly increased the risk of the symptoms. Additionally, risk increments were calculated after grouping by pay system and job stress. Workers with two risk factors had the highest risk of symptoms of depression/anxiety for both sexes (male: OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.70-5.45; female: OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.32-3.50), implying synergistic effect of performance-based pay system and job stress on depression/anxiety symptoms. Based on these findings, policies should be established for early detection and protection against the risk of depression/anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma X. Impact of Long Working Hours on Mental Health: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1641. [PMID: 36674394 PMCID: PMC9866749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the impact of long working hours on mental health in China, they have not addressed the initial value and reverse causality issues. To bridge this gap in the literature, I conducted a dynamic longitudinal analysis to investigate the association between long working hours and the risk of mental illness nationwide. Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018, I adopted dynamic regression models with lagged long working hours variables to examine their association with the risk of mental illness. The results indicate that long working hours have positive and significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) associations with the risk of mental illness (OR: 1.12~1.22). The effect is more significant for women, white-collar workers, and employees in micro-firms, compared with their counterparts (i.e., men, pink- and blue-collar workers, employees of large firms, and self-employed individuals). The results provide empirical evidence of the effects of long working hours on mental health in China, confirming the need to enforce the regulations regarding standard working hours and monitor regulatory compliance by companies, as these factors are expected to improve mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ma
- Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, 4342 Machita-shi Aiharamachi, Tokyo 194-0298, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Physical activity (PA) influences the risk of depression associated with long working hours. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:227-233. [PMID: 36334760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidences showed that long working hours is associated with depression epidemic, but few studies investigate whether physical activity (PA) could modify the risk of depression associated with long working hours, which was the purpose of the present study. METHODS A cross-sectional data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. According to the criteria of International Labour Organization, long working hours was defined as >40 h/wk. The Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to identify depression. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to estimate the associations between long working hours and depression, furthermore to estimate the association of PA. RESULTS 5958 participants were included in the study. The results indicated that 3074 (51.6 %) of participants worked >40 h/wk. The prevalence of depression was 7.7 %. Logistic regression analysis indicated a positive association between long working hours and depression [OR = 1.738, 95 CI (1.427, 2.117)], and the results were still robust after controlling other confounding factors. RCS models indicated that the high intensity PA group had the lowest risk of depression, followed by low intensity PA group and no PA group. CONCLUSION Long working hours probably be associated with depression, while PA can modify the risk to some degree.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Z, Liu D, Liu X, Su H, Bai S. The Association of Experienced Long Working Hours and Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Medical Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1459-1470. [PMID: 37131958 PMCID: PMC10149078 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s408792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long working hours are common among medical residents and may increase the risk of mental disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between experienced long working hours and depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study was conducted in September 2022; 1343 residents from three center in Northeastern China were included in the final analysis (effective response rate: 87.61%). The data were collected from participants via online self-administered questionnaires. Depression and anxiety were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined after adjusting for potential confounders by binary unconditional logistic regression. Results The effective response rate was 87.61%. Among the 1343 participants, 12.88% (173), 9.90% (133), and 9.68% (130) had experienced major depression, major anxiety, and suicidal ideation, respectively. We found that longer weekly worktime increased the risk of major depression, particularly in those who worked for more than 60 hours per week (≥ 61 hours vs ≤ 40 hours, OR=1.87, P for trend = 0.003). However, this trend was not observed for either major anxiety or suicidal ideation (P for trend > 0.05 for both). Conclusion This study revealed that there was a considerable incidence of poor mental health among medical residents; furthermore, the longer weekly worktime was associated with a higher risk of major depression, especially for those who worked more than 60 hours per week, but this association was not observed in either major anxiety or suicidal ideation. This may help policymakers to develop targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Bai
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Song Bai, Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18940255568, Fax +86-024-83955092, Email
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang S, Chen L, Bi X. Overtime work, job autonomy, and employees' subjective well-being: Evidence from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1077177. [PMID: 37139369 PMCID: PMC10150698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1077177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chinese workers suffer more from overtime than in many countries. Excessive working hours can crowd out personal time and cause work-family imbalance, affecting workers' subjective well-being. Meanwhile, self-determination theory suggests that higher job autonomy may improve the subjective well-being of employees. Methods Data came from the 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS 2018). The analysis sample consisted of 4,007 respondents. Their mean age was 40.71 (SD = 11.68), and 52.8% were males. This study adopted four measures of subjective well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, health status, and depression. Confirmation factor analysis was employed to extract the job autonomy factor. Multiple linear regression methods were applied to examine the relationship between overtime, job autonomy, and subjective well-being. Results Overtime hours showed weak association with lower happiness (β = -0.002, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β = -0.002, p < 0.01), and health status (β = -0.002, p < 0.001). Job autonomy was positively related to happiness (β = 0.093, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β = 0.083, p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between involuntary overtime and subjective well-being. Involuntary overtime might decrease the level of happiness (β = -0.187, p < 0.001), life satisfaction (β = -0.221, p < 0.001), and health status (β = -0.129, p < 0.05) and increase the depressive symptoms (β = 1.157, p < 0.05). Conclusion While overtime had a minimal negative effect on individual subjective well-being, involuntary overtime significantly enlarged it. Improving individual's job autonomy is beneficial for individual subjective well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Yang
- School of Humanities and Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- High-Quality Development Evaluation Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- College of Public Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Xianjin Bi,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin YJ, Shih TS, Wu WT, Guo YLL. The association of job fatigue with mental disorders among bus drivers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:75-83. [PMID: 36265132 PMCID: PMC10549917 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental disorders are a global problem with growing importance. However, the contribution of work factors to the development of mental disorders is inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the impact of fatigue and job stress on mental disorders in a prospective cohort of bus drivers. METHODS The Taiwan Bus Driver Cohort Study (TBDCS) recruited 1652 bus drivers from a bus company in 2005. Participants self-completed a structured questionnaire in 2007, which included the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model questions and the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory-Chinese (SOFI-C). Psychiatric care visits and admissions were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Dataset (NHIRD) from 2003 to 2016 for as a proxy for psychiatric diagnoses. Drivers with a history of psychiatric disorders before the questionnaire survey time were excluded (N=69). During the follow-up period, a new diagnosis with a psychiatric disorder was defined as an event. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for new one-set psychiatric disorders, adjusting for age, body mass index, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, bus driving experience, shift work, and chronic diseases. RESULTS Among the 896 bus drivers retained for analysis, 85 were newly diagnosed with a psychiatric disorders. DCS score was not associated with the risk of developing a psychiatric disorders, but bus drivers with high SOFI-C scores (≥5) had an elevated risk for anxiety or mood disorders (HR 3.35, 95% confidence interval 1.23-9.09). CONCLUSIONS Among bus drivers, occupational fatigue, as indicated by high a SOFI-C score, might result in an elevated risk of anxiety or mood disorders. Health service organizations should provide recommendations and guidance for drivers with high fatigue levels to avoid anxiety or mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Shih
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghani B, Memon KR, Han H, Ariza-Montes A, Arjona-Fuentes JM. Work stress, technological changes, and job insecurity in the retail organization context. Front Psychol 2022; 13:918065. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study intends to investigate the relationship between work stress and job insecurity, as well as technological changes and job insecurity, with job satisfaction acting as a mediator. The study was conducted among Pakistani retail industry employees using survey questionnaires distributed online and in stores. The sample was composed of 262 retail workers from the FMCG and shopping mall industries. The responses were screened using the statistical software tool SPSS, and hypotheses were examined through SMART-PLS. The findings show that work stress has a strong relationship with job insecurity; additionally, the relationship appears to be statistically significant (β = 55.7%, p < 0.05), indicating that there is an increased level of job insecurity if work stress is increased. However, technological advancements showed less influence on job insecurity and had statistically insignificant results (β = 5.9%, p > 0.05). This demonstrates that many technological changes cause high levels of job insecurity because employees fear that they will be unable to cope with the changing environment. Furthermore, the mediating mechanism of job satisfaction was found to be significant, as employees with lower levels of satisfaction reported higher levels of insecurity, aiding in the narrowing of the gap in this section of the study. The study also has practical implications because the results show that the retail industry needs to act quickly to make sure workers do not worry about losing their jobs, especially now that COVID-19 is spreading like wildfire.
Collapse
|
25
|
Peng Y, Shao Y, Li Z, Cai R, Bo X, Qian C, Chu Q, Chen J, Shi J. Status and Determinants of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Food Delivery Drivers in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13189. [PMID: 36293768 PMCID: PMC9603697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The psychological status of employees, especially vulnerable populations, has received considerable research attention. However, as a newly emerging and popular occupation in the gig industry, food delivery drivers have received little attention. The majority of these workers are immigrants who are already in a precarious position due to a lack of available jobs, inadequate medical care, poor diets, and communication and acculturation difficulties even before they take these jobs, which involve long working hours and exposure to the elements. (2) Methods: To examine the anxiety and depression symptoms of these workers and possible influencing factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of food delivery drivers working for the Meituan Company (one of the largest e-platform companies in China). Anxiety and depression scales were adapted from the GAD-7, and the PHQ-9 was used to assess participants' related symptoms. Differences were compared in terms of sociodemographic, work situation, and lifestyle variables. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the effects of various factors on the two psychological dimensions. (3) Results: Among the 657 participants, the proportions of participants reporting anxiety and depression symptoms were 46.0% and 18.4%, respectively. Lack of communication with leaders (ORAN = 2.620, 95% CI: 1.528-4.493, p < 0.001; ORDE = 1.928, 95% CI: 1.039-3.577, p = 0.037) and poor sleep quality (ORAN = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.587-2.917, p < 0.001; ORDE = 2.420, 95% CI: 1.672-3.504, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for both anxiety and depression symptoms. Women (OR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.621-4.427, p < 0.001), those who climbed ≥31 floors per day (OR = 2.415, 95% CI: 1.189-4.905, p = 0.015), and those with a high frequency of breakfast consumption (OR = 3.821, 95% CI: 1.284-11.369, p = 0.016) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants who earned less than 5000 RMB (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.204-0.940, p = 0.034), were unwilling to seek medical help (OR = 3.549, 95% CI: 1.846-6.821, p < 0.001), or had a high frequency of smoking (OR = 5.107, 95% CI: 1.187-21.981, p = 0.029) were more likely to be depressive. (4) Conclusion: The existence of communication channels with leaders and good sleep quality are protective factors for anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants who were female, climbed ≥31floors per day, and had a high frequency of eating breakfast were more likely to have anxiety symptoms, while earning less, unwillingness to seek medical help, and a high frequency of smoking were risk factors for depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Peng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuqing Shao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ruian Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen Qian
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiao Chu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Shanghai Baoshan District Yanghang Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 201901, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hamieh N, Airagnes G, Descatha A, Goldberg M, Limosin F, Roquelaure Y, Lemogne C, Zins M, Matta J. Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use: longitudinal analyses from the CONSTANCES cohort. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1834. [PMID: 36175874 PMCID: PMC9523930 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined prospective associations between atypical working hours with subsequent tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use as well as sugar and fat consumption. METHODS In the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 47,288 men and 53,324 women currently employed included between 2012 and 2017 were annually followed for tobacco and cannabis use. Among them, 35,647 men and 39,767 women included between 2012 and 2016 were also followed for alcohol and sugar and fat consumption. Three indicators of atypical working hours were self-reported at baseline: working at night, weekend work and non-fixed working hours. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to atypical working hours at baseline while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression and baseline substance use when appropriate. RESULTS Working at night was associated with decreased smoking cessation and increased relapse in women [odds ratios (ORs) of 0.81 and 1.25], increased cannabis use in men [ORs from 1.46 to 1.54] and increased alcohol use [ORs from 1.12 to 1.14] in both men and women. Weekend work was associated with decreased smoking cessation in women [ORs from 0.89 to 0.90] and increased alcohol use in both men and women [ORs from 1.09 to 1.14]. Non-fixed hours were associated with decreased smoking cessation in women and increased relapse in men [ORs of 0.89 and 1.13] and increased alcohol use in both men and women [ORs from 1.12 to 1.19]. Overall, atypical working hours were associated with decreased sugar and fat consumption. CONCLUSIONS The potential role of atypical working hours on substance use should be considered by public health policy makers and clinicians in information and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hamieh
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre Ambulatoire d’Addictologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Poison Control Center, Academic Hospital CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de psychiatrie et d’addictologie de l’adulte et du sujet âgé, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, F-912130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363University of Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Université de Rennes, Centre de consultations de pathologie professionnelle et santé au travail, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411394.a0000 0001 2191 1995AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Joane Matta
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen H, Cao Y, Cao Y. Reflections on nuclear safety culture from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Bó B. Time availability as a mediator between socioeconomic status and health. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101238. [PMID: 36212188 PMCID: PMC9535311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
29
|
Lu Y, Liu Q, Yan H, Liu T. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the risk of mental health problems of factory workers and miners. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057102. [PMID: 35863837 PMCID: PMC9310166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A nomogram for predicting the risk of mental health problems was established in a population of factory workers and miners, in order to quickly calculate the probability of a worker suffering from mental health problems. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 7500 factory workers and miners in Urumqi was conducted by means of an electronic questionnaire using cluster sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to the training group (70%) and the validation group (30%). Questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect information. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to screen the predictors related to the risk of mental health problems of the training group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to construct the prediction model. Calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic-derived area under the curve (AUC) were used for model validation. Decision curve analysis was applied to calculate the net benefit of the screening model. RESULTS A total of 7118 participants met the inclusion criteria and the data were randomly divided into a training group (n=4955) and a validation group (n=2163) in a ratio of 3:1. A total of 23 characteristics were included in this study and LASSO regression selected 12 characteristics such as education, professional title, age, Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory, effort-reward imbalance, asbestos dust, hypertension, diabetes, working hours per day, working years, marital status and work schedule as predictors for the construction of the nomogram. In the validation group, the Brier score was 0.176, the calibration slope was 0.970 and the calibration curve of nomogram showed a good fit. The AUC of training group and verification group were 0.785 and 0.784, respectively. CONCLUSION The nomogram combining these 12 characteristics can be used to predict the risk of suffering mental health problems, providing a useful tool for quickly and accurately screening the risk of mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Lu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Postgraduate Education Management Section, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiangn Engineering Technology Research Center for Green Processing of Nature Product Center, Xinjiang Autonomous Academy of Instrumental Analysis, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mendonça AKR, Fontoura LPG, Rocha TDD, Fontenele RC, Nunes TNB, Regis RR, Pinto-Fiamengui LMS. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and oral health-related quality of life in women with temporomandibular disorder. Dental Press J Orthod 2022; 27:e2220422. [PMID: 35792790 PMCID: PMC9255963 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.3.e2220422.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare pain intensity and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) before (T1) and during (T2) COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Sample was composed of forty-one female participants with painful TMD, who presented for TMD treatment. Subjects were asked to indicate their pain intensity and to answer the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Participants data were collected twice: T1 (evaluation of medical records fulfilled before COVID-19 pandemic) and T2 (by means of an online form). Socio-demographic data were assessed in T1. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5% (Wilcoxon, chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, multiple linear regressions). Results: No difference was found in pain intensity (p=0.26) and OHIP-14 global scores (p=0.53). Physical pain (p=0.03) and social disability (p=0.05) domains improved. In T1, subject’s occupation was associated with OHIP-14 global score, physical pain, and physical disability domains. In T2, age was associated with OHIP-14 global scores as well as physical pain, psychological discomfort, and psychological disability domains. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic did not worsen pain intensity and OHRQoL in women with painful TMD, and it is suggested that socio-demographic characteristics influenced TMD patients coping skills during pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Romulo Rocha Regis
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora (Fortaleza/CE, Brazil)
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bondagji D, Fakeerh M, Alwafi H, Khan AA. The Effects of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1545-1557. [PMID: 35757011 PMCID: PMC9231535 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of long working hours on anxiety and depression among resident physicians working in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous and confidential self-administered electronic questionnaire. Mental health status (depression and anxiety) is measured using hospital anxiety and depression scale. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24.0. The Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) were used to test the association. Results A total of 258 medical residents participated in the study. The prevalence of anxiety was 39.5% (n=102) and depression was 20.9% (n=54). In multivariate OLR against anxiety, working more than 64 hours per week was significantly associated (p=0.013) with an increase in the odds of observing a higher level of anxiety (odds ratio=2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25–6.77) compared with working up to 40 hours per week after adjusting for age, amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. For the depression multivariate OLR, it would increase the odds of observing a higher level of depression for working 41–48, 49–64 and more than 64 hours per week by 2.21 (95% CI:1.07–4.58, P=0.033), 2.07 (95% CI:1.01–4.27, P=0.049) and 2.37 (95% CI:1.03–5.50, P=0.044) respectively, compared with working up to 40 hours per week and adjusting for the amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. Conclusion Resident physicians are at increased risk of developing anxiety and depression which is influenced by long working hours and a variety of other factors. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to this association. The implementation of interventions for the prevention and screening of physicians’ mental health disorders is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniah Bondagji
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutaz Fakeerh
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ahmed Khan
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Park JW, Kang MY, Kim JI, Hwang J, Choi SS, Cho SS. Influence of coexposure to long working hours and ergonomic risk factors on musculoskeletal symptoms: an interaction analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055186. [PMID: 35568498 PMCID: PMC9109086 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores the interaction between ergonomic risk factors and long working hours on musculoskeletal symptoms by additive and multiplicative scales. DESIGN We used the data of the fifth Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). The KWCS is a cross-sectional study. SETTING To represent the entire Korean working population, the probability proportion stratified cluster sampling method was used. The face-to-face interview was carried out with a structured questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES To assess the combined effect of ergonomic risk factors and long working hours on musculoskeletal symptoms, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the ratio of ORs were calculated using multiple survey-weighted logistic analysis and postestimation commands. RESULTS The OR for musculoskeletal symptoms was 1.75 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.39) for exposure to long working hours, 3.49 (95% CI 3.06 to 3.99) for exposure to ergonomic risk factors and 5.07 (95% CI 4.33 to 5.93) for coexposure to long working hours and ergonomic risk factors. The RERI was 0.82 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.53) and the ratio of ORs was 0.83 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.14) CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that coexposure to both ergonomic risk factors and long working hours has a supra-additive interaction effect on musculoskeletal symptoms. Regulations on working hours and workplace interventions might reduce the musculoskeletal diseases of workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Il Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - JongHyun Hwang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shiri R, Turunen J, Kausto J, Leino-Arjas P, Varje P, Väänänen A, Ervasti J. The Effect of Employee-Oriented Flexible Work on Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050883. [PMID: 35628020 PMCID: PMC9141970 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of flexible work on mental health is not well known. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of employee-oriented flexible work on mental health problems and associated disability. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ProQuest and EconPapers databases from their inception through October-November 2020. Sixteen studies on the associations of worktime control, working from home, or flexible working arrangements with mental health related outcomes were included in the review: one cluster randomized controlled trial, two non-randomized controlled trials, two cross-over studies, and 11 prospective cohort studies. Three reviewers independently assessed the met-hodological quality of the included studies and extracted the data. The included studies differed in design, intervention/exposure, and outcome, so meta-analysis was not carried out and qualitative results were reported. A few prospective cohort studies found that low employees’ control over worktime increases the risk of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, burnout, and accumulated fatigue. One cross-over and a few cohort studies found small beneficial effects of working partly from home on depressive symptoms, stress, and emotional exhaustion. A small number of controlled trials, cross-over or cohort studies found that flexible working arrangements increase employees’ control over working hours, but have only modest beneficial effects on psychological distress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. This systematic review suggests that employee-oriented flexible work may have small beneficial effects on mental health. However, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies are needed to identify the health effects of flexible work.
Collapse
|
34
|
Health and occupation: the limits to older adults' work hours. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
More people are working into older age, raising questions about how many hours they can work before their health becomes compromised. This paper models work-hour tipping points for mental health and vitality among older Australian workers aged 50–70 years. We use longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, 2005–2016 (about 44,900 observations), and bootstrapping Three Stage Least Squares (3SLS) estimation techniques to adjust for reverse and reciprocal relationships between wages, work hours and health. Our approach corrects for heteroscedasticity in the system equation error terms, and we estimate models on the relatively healthy older adults who have remained employed into older age. Among these older workers we observe weekly thresholds of 39–40 hours beyond which mental health and vitality decline. This average, however, hides variability in work-hour limits linked to overall health and occupation. Thus, weekly tipping points for blue- and pink-collar jobs are 7–9 hours lower compared to white-collar jobs, and even wider gaps (11 hours) are apparent for workers with poorer physical functioning, which becomes common as people age. Our modelling reveals that age is not the biggest limiting factor for how many hours older adults can work, rather their health and the types of jobs are critical, and likely widen the gap in who ages successfully or not.
Collapse
|
35
|
Working Hours and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms According to Shift Work and Gender. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e316-e321. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Mensah A, Toivanen S, Diewald M. Working Hours, Sleep Disturbance and Self-Assessed Health in Men and Women: A Multilevel Analysis of 30 Countries in Europe. Front Public Health 2022; 10:818359. [PMID: 35462823 PMCID: PMC9018983 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.818359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the gender and cross-country differences in the relationship between working hours and self-assessed health among working men and women in Europe, and further explored the moderating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the 6th European Working Condition Survey on 14,603 men and 15,486 women across 30 countries in Europe. A multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between working hours, sleep disturbance, and self- assessed health. In addition, we employed a two-stage multilevel logistic regression to assess the cross-country variations in the relationship between working hours and self-assessed health. Results The study showed a slightly U-shaped relationship between working hours and less-than-good self-assessed health among working adults in Europe (<31 h: aOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00-1.25, 41-50 h: aOR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84-1.15, and 50+ h: aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07-1.59). However, working men had higher odds of reporting less-than-good self-assessed health as compared to women when they devote longer hours to paid work. The results further showed that there are cross-country variations in the association between working hours and less-than-good self-assessed health for both men and women, and that men had slightly lower variations as compared to women. Contrary to expectation, sleep disturbance did not moderate the relationship between working hours and less-than-good self-assessed health for both men and women in Europe. Conclusions Although there are gender differences and cross-country variations in the association between working hours and less-than-good self-assessed health, sleep disturbance did not moderate the associations. These findings underscore the importance for strict work time regulation and generous work-family policies that may promote good working conditions and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Mensah
- Bielefeld Graduate School in History and Sociology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,School of Health, Care, and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- School of Health, Care, and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Martin Diewald
- Bielefeld Graduate School in History and Sociology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Temporal Dimensions of Job Quality and Gender: Exploring Differences in the Associations of Working Time and Health between Women and Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084456. [PMID: 35457324 PMCID: PMC9029241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Research shows strong links between working time organization and workers’ health outcomes. Working time is also known to be highly gendered, with men and women working to different schedules. This article merges these two strands of research and takes a gender-based approach to investigating the relationship between temporal job quality and self-reported health in Europe. First, the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) is used to establish the relationship between temporal dimensions of job quality and health and well-being outcomes for employed women and men. This is then corroborated using larger samples and more restricted measures of job quality drawn from micro-data from the 2019–2020 EU Labor Force Survey (LFS). The analyses show that good temporal job quality is positively associated with health and subjective well-being for both women and men, but this effect is significantly stronger for women, who are also at a greater risk of exposure to low control over working time and time under-employment. The findings highlight the importance of studying the impact of working and employment conditions on health from gender perspective, and the need for further exploration of job quality due to changes in the spatio-temporal organization of work during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gifford J. Remote working: unprecedented increase and a developing research agenda. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2022.2049108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Gifford
- Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London, UK
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park MY, Lee J, Kim HR, Lee YM, Ahn J, Lee DW, Kang MY. Long Working Hours and Risk of Depression by Household Income Level: Findings From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:99-104. [PMID: 34723909 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between working hours and the risk of depression according to household income level. METHODS We used the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The information on working hours was obtained from the questionnaire, and depression was assessed by The Patient Health Questionnaire-9. After stratifying by household income level, the risk of depression for long working hour group (more than or equal to 52 hours a week), compared with the 30 to 51 working hour group as a reference, were calculated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS It was found that long working hours associated with high risk for depression in the group with the highest income, but not in the group with the lowest income. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between long working hours and the risk of depression varied by household income level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea (Dr Park, Dr Lee, Dr Kim, Dr Lee, Dr Ahn, Dr Kang); Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Dr D.W. Lee)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Z, Jia H, Lu Y, Liu S, Dai M, Zhang H. Prevalence and related factors of depression and anxiety in a cohort of Chinese elderly caregivers in the nursing home. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1456-1461. [PMID: 34563393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy care burden, the long-term dependence of the disabled elderly, and the changing social roles can put elderly caregivers at high risk for mental disorders. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors of depression and anxiety among elderly caregivers and examine the role of resilience in depression and anxiety. METHODS A multicentre cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 953 elderly caregivers in nursing homes were recruited in three provinces in China using convenience sampling. Depression and anxiety were measured by self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the key factors associated with depression and anxiety. RESULTS The median SDS score was 40 (interquartile interval 34-48), and the median SAS score was 48 (interquartile interval 38-56). In this cohort, 19.4% reported depression and 44.0% anxiety. Working hours, sensitive personality and health status were related factors for depression symptom. In terms of anxiety symptoms, its related factors included working hours, health status and higher monthly income. Furthermore, resilience was associated with depression and anxiety among caregivers. LIMITATIONS A selection bias may be caused by convenience sampling and voluntary participation. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety symptoms were common in the cohort of Chinese elderly caregivers in the nursing home. The factors explored in this study may contribute to the development of individualized interventions for depression and anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Departement of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- Departement of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Departement of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Departement of Nursing, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Dai
- Graduate School, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Departement of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chan SM, Au-Yeung TC, Wong H, Chung RYN, Chung GKK. Long Working Hours, Precarious Employment and Anxiety Symptoms Among Working Chinese Population in Hong Kong. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1745-1757. [PMID: 34373982 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between working hours and anxiety of a working population in Hong Kong. We used a cross sectional data from a population-based household survey of Hong Kong Chinese adults. Key measures included employment status, skill level, working hours, length of stay at current job and anxiety level. Symptoms of anxiety were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The data were analysed using logistic regression. Chinese adults who had long working hours (≥ 72 h per week) had higher odds of developing symptoms of anxiety than those who worked for ≤ 36 h per week (odds ratio [OR] 5.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82‒19.41). Compared with short period (< 1 year), long period of stay at current job (≥ 5 years) was found as a protective factor from anxiety (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20‒0.73). We found that a working period of 72 h per week was a significant threshold to cause anxiety to workers. Stable job arrangement was a protective factor to workers from anxiety. Implementation of labour market regulations, such as standard working hour policy and stable job arrangement, was also significant to mitigate risk of anxiety for working people in Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ming Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences (Social Work), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tat Chor Au-Yeung
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Wong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Han S, Ko Y, Moon JE, Cho YS. Working hours are closely associated with depressive mood and suicidal ideation in Korean adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23102. [PMID: 34845294 PMCID: PMC8630033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Long working hours have been presumed to negatively influence health. However, evidence is lacking regarding any associations of working hours with depressive mood or suicidal ideation. We investigated the relationships of working hours with depressive mood and suicidal ideation in a representative sample of the Korean general population. We analyzed data collected by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys VI and VII (2013–2018). Depressive mood and suicidal ideation were identified through self-reporting. We divided participants into four groups according to weekly working hours: 30–40, 41–50, 51–60, and > 60 h/week. Sampling weights were applied to obtain estimates for the general Korean population. We analyzed 14,625 participants, of whom 5383 (36.8%), 4656 (31.8%), 2553 (17.5%), and 2033 (13.9%) worked 30–40, 41–50, 51–60, and > 60 h/week, respectively. In these groups, 3.6%, 4.4%, 5.2%, and 6.3% of the participants reported depressive mood, while 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.2%, and 3.6% reported suicidal ideation. In multiple regression analyses, compared with the 30–40 h/week group, the adjusted odds ratios of the 41–50, 51–60, and > 60 h/week groups for depressive mood were 1.35 (1.08–1.69), 1.5 (1.14–1.97), and 1.6 (1.19–2.14). A similar trend was evident for suicidal ideation (odds ratios 1.16 [0.82–1.63], 1.48 [0.99–2.21], and 2.29 [1.53–3.42]). Long working hours are significantly associated with depressive mood and suicidal ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangsoo Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soon Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Factors related to depressive symptoms in Korean self-employed workers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2021; 33:e20. [PMID: 34754481 PMCID: PMC8264123 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined factors related to depressive symptoms in Korean self-employed workers. Methods This secondary analysis examined data of 14,454 self-employed individuals from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of depressive symptoms with different variables. Results Self-employed workers who had a good work-life balance, a good subjective health, and worked 40 to 48 hours or 48 to 60 hours/week were less likely to report depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). However, those who always interacted with angry clients, had severe exposure to ergonomic risk factors, and were exposed to moderate or severe abusive behaviors were more likely to report depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). Age, gender, weekly work days, and working at very fast speed were unrelated to depressive symptoms. Conclusions Several factors known to be related to depressive symptoms do not lead to depression in self-employed individuals. Different interventions may therefore be needed to prevent depression in self-employed workers.
Collapse
|
44
|
Relationship between long work hours and self-reported sleep disorders of non-shift daytime wage workers in South Korea: data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Ann Occup Environ Med 2021; 32:e35. [PMID: 34754456 PMCID: PMC7779839 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have investigated the relationship between long work hours and sleep disorders; however, they have focused on shift workers or specific workers who are at high risk of industrial accidents rather than wage workers in general. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of long work hours on sleep disorders among non-shift daytime wage workers. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. From the 50,205 total participants, we included 26,522 non-shift daytime wage workers after excluding self-employed people, business owners, unpaid family employees, and wage workers who work nights and shifts. Sleep disorders were categorized into “difficulty in falling asleep,” “frequent waking,” and “waking up with fatigue.” Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of long work hours on sleep disorders, and the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results The OR of working > 52 hours per week was 1.183 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.394) for the risk of developing insomnia compared with working ≤ 40 hours per week. The OR of waking up with fatigue was 1.531 (95% CI: 1.302–1.801). Long work hours showed no significant relationship with difficulty in falling asleep or with frequent waking. Conclusions Working for extended hours was associated with increased fatigue upon waking in non-shift daytime wage workers.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abusive leadership, psychological well-being, and intention to quit during the COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation analysis among Quebec's healthcare system workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:437-450. [PMID: 34674033 PMCID: PMC8528657 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effects from work-organization conditions, abusive leadership, and their interaction on Quebec healthcare system workers’ psychological well-being and intention to quit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed using MPlus software on a sample of 921 Quebec healthcare system workers. Results Skill utilization, decision authority, social support from co-workers and supervisors, and recognition were associated directly and positively with psychological well-being, while psychological and physical demands were associated directly and negatively with psychological well-being. Skill utilization, irregular work schedule, and recognition were associated directly and negatively with intention to quit, while psychological demands were associated directly and positively with intention to quit. Moreover, the results demonstrated that abusive leadership attenuated the effects from recognition and decision authority on psychological well-being (moderation effects), contributing to greater intention to quit among workers (moderated mediation effects). Conclusions The obtained results underline the importance of work-organization conditions and leadership style on healthcare system workers’ psychological health and their intention to quit their jobs during a pandemic. In particular, and given their key role, leaders/managers must be sensitized concerning leadership style and its possible effects on their employees’ psychological well-being and intention to quit. Therefore, training programs should be offered to leaders/managers to prevent adoption of abusive leadership styles. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01790-z.
Collapse
|
46
|
Park J, Kim Y. Association of weekly working hours with poor psychological well-being and moderation by employment status in Korean workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2021; 59:249-259. [PMID: 34349050 PMCID: PMC8426541 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association of weekly working hours with poor psychological wellbeing in Korean workers and the moderating effect of employment status. This secondary analysis examined data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). There were 30,108 waged employees and 14,459 self-employed individuals. The two groups were compared using a moderated regression model with Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. The self-employed had a greater mean age than the waged employees. Higher percentages of the self-employed had short weekly working hours (<40), excessively long weekly working hours (≥60), and poor psychological well-being. After controlling for age, gender, education, monthly income, and occupational class, the interaction between weekly working hours and employment status on psychological well-being was significant (p<0.001). Among the self-employed, the well-being score was lowest in the short working hour group (<40 h/week), highest in the long working hour (48-59 h/week) groups, and intermediate in the excessively long working hours (≥60 h/week) group. For waged employees, psychological wellbeing was the greatest in the short working hour group and decreased continuously as the number of weekly working hours increased. In conclusion, employment status (employee vs. self-employed) moderated the relationship between weekly working hours and psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Prati G, Tzankova I, Barbieri I, Guarino A, Compare C, Albanesi C, Cicognani E. People’s understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic: social representations of SARS-CoV-2 virus in Italy. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2021.1972089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Prati
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Iana Tzankova
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Irene Barbieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Antonella Guarino
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Christian Compare
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Cinzia Albanesi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Elvira Cicognani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Cesena (FC), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chu L. Impact of long working hours on health based on observations in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1347. [PMID: 34233635 PMCID: PMC8264978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health should be a key focus in considerations of long working hours. Little is known about for which groups of people working longer hours is more harmful to their health. Additionally, the definition of long working hours varies slightly due to country differences in working hours systems. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between long working hours and the self-rated health (SRH) level, taking into account gender and educational differences. METHOD Data were collected from two waves (2016 and 2018) of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A total of 6972 workers were available for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, an ordered probit (oprobit) model and conditional mixed process (CMP) regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Furthermore, I conducted a stratified analysis by gender and education groups. RESULT This study observed a negative association between long working hours and SRH. Compared to other education groups, labor with long working hours had a more negative impact on the SRH of those with higher education. Long working hours had a more negative influence on the SRH of male workers. In contrast, no clear association was found among female workers. CONCLUSION This study estimates SRH of those with long working hours in China. Among workers, long working hours have a negative impact on the health of workers with college degrees or beyond. One possible explanation is that they do not exercise, their diet is unreasonable, and their working conditions involve chronic exposure to computer radiation. The negative health effects of long working hours on males are four times greater than those on females. This study provides valuable insights into the health of the workforce, working time regulations and overtime rules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chu
- School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Elliman TD, Schwalb ME, Krauss S, Mikoski P, Adler AB. US Army Drill Sergeants: Stressors, Behavioral Health, and Mitigating Factors. Mil Med 2021; 186:767-776. [PMID: 33491063 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the drill sergeant is one of the most challenging within the US Army, involving unusually long hours and little time off, for a minimum of 2 years. The current study sought to examine the behavioral health of this population and identify risk factors that might be addressed by policy changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 856 drill sergeants across all Army basic training sites completed surveys from September to November of 2018. Drill sergeants identified factors that had caused stress or worry during their assignment. Rates were measured for behavioral health outcomes including depression, insomnia, anxiety, burnout, functional impairment, alcohol misuse, aggression, and low morale. Potential risk and resilience factors included time as a drill sergeant, sleep, route of assignment, general leadership, health-promoting leadership, and drill sergeant camaraderie. The study was approved by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board. RESULTS The most commonly experienced stressors were finding time to exercise, lack of sleep, and long work hours. Percentages of drill sergeants meeting behavioral health screening criteria were 19% for depression, 27% for moderate-to-severe insomnia, 14% for generalized anxiety disorder, 48% for high burnout, 32% for functional impairment, 35% for moderate alcohol misuse, 32% for off-duty aggression, and 25% for low morale. Rates for most outcomes were associated with time spent as a drill sergeant, with behavioral health issues peaking during 13-18 months. Poorer outcomes were also associated with fewer hours of sleep and initial unhappiness regarding involuntary assignment to the role of drill sergeant, while better outcomes were associated with higher ratings of general leadership, health-promoting leadership, and drill sergeant camaraderie. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to examine behavioral health and morale of drill sergeants and to identify risk and resilience factors. Suggestions for policy changes include increasing the number of drill sergeants to decrease workload and allow sufficient time for recovery and sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby D Elliman
- Research Transition Office, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Molly E Schwalb
- Research Transition Office, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Stephen Krauss
- Research Transition Office, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Peter Mikoski
- Research Transition Office, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Amy B Adler
- Research Transition Office, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chalmers T, Maharaj S, Lal S. Associations Between Workplace Factors and Depression and Anxiety in Australian Heavy Vehicle Truck Drivers. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:581-590. [PMID: 33889944 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of health issues have been identified as prevalent within the Australian heavy vehicle driving population. Mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, are among those disorders that have been regularly reported, however, the contributing factors are yet to be elucidated. METHODS This study aimed to assess the associations between workplace factors such as years of employment, social interaction and shift length, with depressive and anxious symptomology in a cohort of 60 Australian heavy vehicle drivers. RESULTS Significant positive associations were identified between depression and alcohol use (P = 0.044), coffee consumption (P = 0.037), number of accidents during career (P = < 0.004), and number of hours driving per shift (P ≤ 0.001). Anxiety was found to be positively associated with a number of hours driving per week (P ≤ 0.001), and the number of accidents or near misses during a driving career (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Several workplace factors were identified as being correlated to depression or anxiety within this cohort, suggesting potential changes to rostering systems and education regarding alcohol use may benefit the mental health of this driver population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Chalmers
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shamona Maharaj
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|