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Hunsperger E, Osoro E, Munyua P, Njenga MK, Mirieri H, Kikwai G, Odhiambo D, Dayan M, Omballa V, Agogo GO, Mugo C, Widdowson MA, Inwani I. Seroconversion and seroprevalence of TORCH infections in a pregnant women cohort study, Mombasa, Kenya, 2017-2019. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e68. [PMID: 38305089 PMCID: PMC11077605 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Women infected during pregnancy with TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses) pathogens have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes including stillbirth / miscarriage because of mother-to-child transmission. To investigate these risks in pregnant women in Kenya, we analyzed serum specimens from a pregnancy cohort study at three healthcare facilities. A sample of 481 participants was selected for TORCH pathogen antibody testing to determine seroprevalence. A random selection of 285 from the 481 participants was selected to measure seroconversion. These sera were tested using an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against 10 TORCH pathogens. We found that the seroprevalence of all but three of the 10 TORCH pathogens at enrollment was >30%, except for Bordetella pertussis (3.8%), Treponema pallidum (11.4%), and varicella zoster virus (0.5%). Conversely, very few participants seroconverted during their pregnancy and were herpes simplex virus type 2 (n = 24, 11.2%), parvovirus B19 (n = 14, 6.2%), and rubella (n = 12, 5.1%). For birth outcomes, 88% of the participant had live births and 12% had stillbirths or miscarriage. Cytomegalovirus positivity at enrolment had a statistically significant positive association with a live birth outcome (p = 0.0394). Of the 10 TORCH pathogens tested, none had an association with adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Peninah Munyua
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M. Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Harriet Mirieri
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gilbert Kikwai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis Odhiambo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moshe Dayan
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Omballa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George O. Agogo
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Mugo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irene Inwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Chacón-Zenteno CA, Megchun-López GA, López-Esteva M, Sifuentes-Álvarez A, Alvarado-Esquivel C. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Women of Reproductive Age and Associated Risk Factors in Chiapas, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:64-66. [PMID: 37922453 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We analyzed the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of reproductive age in Chiapas, Mexico. Materials and Methods: One hundred seven women (mean age 25.3 years; range: 13-42 years) were enrolled in a public hospital. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii in serum samples of participants was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between characteristics of women and seropositivity to T. gondii. Results: Of the 107 women surveyed, 49 (45.8%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. T. gondii infection was positively associated with cats at home (odds ratio [OR] = 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-12.20; p = 0.02), and negatively associated with eating out of home (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.80; p = 0.01). Conclusions: This is the highest T. gondii exposure rate in women of reproductive age reported in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Chacón-Zenteno
- Departamento de Investigación, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Pablo Guardado Chávez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Gabriel Antonio Megchun-López
- Comité de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Manuel López-Esteva
- Comité de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
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3
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Chen Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Huang X, Zhang J. A retrospective study of air quality associated with teratogenic pathogen screening in women of reproductive age in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28239-9. [PMID: 37347331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with a poor ambient atmospheric environment. Infections by teratogenic pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are the main cause of the worse pregnant outcomes. However, environmental factors governing these infections are uncertain and epidemiological studies are limited. An epidemiological study on relationships between air pollutants and antibodies against teratogenic pathogens will be explored. In total, 5475 women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and December 2019 in a hospital in Shantou, China. Antibodies against pathogens were measured by electrochemical luminescence. Everyday air quality data, concerning particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other parameters, were acquired from a government web site, and the relationships between them were evaluated with nonparametric and multivariate linear regression analyses. Not only titers of herpes simplex virus HSV(I+II) IgGs in spring, but also titers of cytomegalovirus IgG (CMV IgG) and HSV I IgG in autumn, both had positive associations with concentrations of SO2. When PM2.5 or PM10 exposure is elevated, HSV(I+II) IgGs, TOX IgM should be paid more attention in spring or summer. Air pollution may be crucial for teratogenic pathogen infections. This study highlights air pollution could increase the risk of teratogenic pathogen infection, implying stronger measures should be taken to protect air environment and screenings of associated antibody should be strengthened in different season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Trinh QD, Pham NTK, Takada K, Ushijima H, Komine-Aizawa S, Hayakawa S. Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076489. [PMID: 37047462 PMCID: PMC10095195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic growth factor playing various roles in the human body including cell growth and development. More functions of TGF-β1 have been discovered, especially its roles in viral infection. TGF-β1 is abundant at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy and plays an important function in immune tolerance, an essential key factor for pregnancy success. It plays some critical roles in viral infection in pregnancy, such as its effects on the infection and replication of human cytomegalovirus in syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, its role in the enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and replication in first-trimester trophoblasts has recently been reported. The above up-to-date findings have opened one of the promising approaches to studying the mechanisms of viral infection during pregnancy with links to corresponding congenital syndromes. In this article, we review our current and recent advances in understanding the roles of TGF-β1 in viral infection. Our discussion focuses on viral infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. We highlight the mutual roles of viral infection and TGF-β1 in specific contexts and possible functions of the Smad pathway in viral infection, with a special note on ZIKV infection. In addition, we discuss promising approaches to performing further studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Duy Trinh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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5
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Abeywickrema M, Kelly D, Kadambari S. Management of neonatal central nervous system viral infections: Knowledge gaps and research priorities. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2421. [PMID: 36639694 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital CMV, enteroviruses, human parechovirus and herpes simplex virus are all common causes of severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in neonates. The introduction of screening (i.e. newborn hearing screening programme), integration of molecular syndromic testing (i.e. multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays) and increase in sexually transmitted infections (i.e. anogenital herpes) have contributed to increases in each of these infections over the last decade. However, therapeutic options are highly limited in part due to the lack of epidemiological data informing trials. This review will describe our current understanding of the clinical burden and epidemiology of these severe neonatal CNS infections, outline the novel antiviral and vaccines in the pipeline and suggest future research studies which could help develop new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Movin Abeywickrema
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dominic Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Seilesh Kadambari
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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6
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Varicella-Zoster Virus Prevalence among Pregnant Women: A European Epidemiological Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020593. [PMID: 36836948 PMCID: PMC9966538 DOI: 10.3390/life13020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Europe has faced a massive spread of the varicella-zoster virus through the years. Since the introduction of an effective vaccine, complications and severe forms of chickenpox have been restricted. Nevertheless, among the population, some categories need specific care, such as pregnant women, who present one of the most fragile conditions facing this infection, both for the mother and the fetus. In this review, we highlight how the varicella-zoster virus can be dangerous during pregnancy, underlining the problem of treatment and vaccination, and collect information about the European epidemiology among this particular category of women.
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7
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TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America's Northern Triangle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020257. [PMID: 36838223 PMCID: PMC9964893 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TORCH pathogens are a group of globally prevalent infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier, causing severe negative sequalae in neonates, including fetal death and lifelong morbidity. TORCH infections are classically defined by Toxoplasma gondii, other infectious causes of concern (e.g., syphilis, Zika virus, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses. Neonatal disorders and congenital birth defects are the leading causes of neonatal mortality in Central America's Northern Triangle, yet little is known about TORCH congenital syndrome in this region. This review synthesizes the little that is known regarding the most salient TORCH infections among pregnant women and neonates in Central America's Northern Triangle and highlights gaps in the literature that warrant further research. Due to the limited publicly available information, this review includes both peer-reviewed published literature and university professional degree theses. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to clarify the public health impact these infections in this world region.
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8
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Dhital R, Anand S, Graber B, Zeng Q, Velazquez VM, Boddeda SR, Fitch JR, Minz RW, Minz M, Sharma A, Cianciolo R, Shimamura M. Murine cytomegalovirus promotes renal allograft inflammation via Th1/17 cells and IL-17A. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2306-2322. [PMID: 35671112 PMCID: PMC9547825 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with renal allograft failure. Allograft damage in animal models is accelerated by CMV-induced T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltrates. However, the mechanisms whereby CMV promotes Th17 cell-mediated pathological organ inflammation are uncharacterized. Here we demonstrate that murine CMV (MCMV)-induced intragraft Th17 cells have a Th1/17 phenotype co-expressing IFN-γ and/or TNF-α, but only a minority of these cells are MCMV specific. Instead, MCMV promotes intragraft expression of CCL20 and CXCL10, which are associated with recruitment of CCR6+ CXCR3+ Th17 cells. MCMV also enhances Th17 cell infiltrates after ischemia-reperfusion injury, independent of allogeneic responses. Pharmacologic inhibition of the Th17 cell signature cytokine, IL-17A, ameliorates MCMV-associated allograft damage without increasing intragraft viral loads or reducing MCMV-specific Th1 cell infiltrates. Clinically, HCMV DNAemia is associated with higher serum IL-17A among renal transplant patients with acute rejection, linking HCMV reactivation with Th17 cell cytokine expression. In summary, CMV promotes allograft damage via cytokine-mediated Th1/17 cell recruitment, which may be pharmacologically targeted to mitigate graft injury while preserving antiviral T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Dhital
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of ImmunopathologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Brianna Graber
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Center for Regenerative MedicineThe Abigail Research Institute, Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Victoria M. Velazquez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Srinivasa R. Boddeda
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - James R. Fitch
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic MedicineNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ranjana W. Minz
- Department of ImmunopathologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Mukut Minz
- Department of Renal Transplant SurgeryPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Renal Transplant SurgeryPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Masako Shimamura
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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9
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Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system 'evolution' and 'revolution'. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e19. [PMID: 35535759 PMCID: PMC9884756 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system 'evolution' as well as 'revolution' that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.
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Mihu AG, Micle O, Lupu MA, Olariu TR. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Females Aged 15-45 Years from Bihor County, Western Romania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:195-198. [PMID: 35138942 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes an important worldwide zoonosis called toxoplasmosis. This infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent people. If the infection occurs in pregnant women, it poses great risks to the infant due to its clinical manifestations as mental retardation, seizures, or chorioretinitis. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii in females aged 15-45 years in Bihor County, Romania. Serum samples drawn from 1935 females aged 15-45 years were screened for IgG antibodies against T. gondii. T. gondii antibodies were found in 706 females (36.48%) and the proportion of IgG positive females tended to increase with age. The seroprevalence was higher in females residing in rural areas (47.79%) compared with those from urban areas (30.95%). This is the first study on the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in females aged 15-45 years from Bihor County, Romania. Our survey brings new and important data regarding the seroepidemiology of T. gondii and provides an insight into the demographic risk factors as a basis for a future prevention program for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Gabriel Mihu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Parasitology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, Vasile Goldis Western University, Arad, Romania.,Bioclinica, Arad, Romania
| | - Otilia Micle
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.,Bioclinica, Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Lupu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Parasitology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Parasitology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
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11
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Tabain I, Kolaric B, Mihulja K, Blazevic L, Bogdanic M, Navolan D, Beader N, Mrzljak A. Parvovirus B19 in Croatia: A Large-Scale Seroprevalence Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111279. [PMID: 34833497 PMCID: PMC8617724 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Seroepidemiological studies indicate that parvovirus B19 circulates in all areas of the world, although with some differences. The aim of this study is to analyze the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 in the Croatian population. Materials and Methods: From 2010 to 2021, 1538 serum samples from different populations were tested for the presence of parvovirus B19 IgM/IgG antibodies. Serological tests were performed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: IgG antibodies were detected in 986/64.1% of participants with differences (p < 0.001) among the following population groups: 42.4% of children and adolescents, 67.1% of the adult general population, 66.7% of hemodialysis patients, and 65.6% of liver transplant recipients. Seroprevalence increased with age, from 30.0% in the 6 months-9 years age group to 69.0% in the 40-49 years age group, and remained stable thereafter (68.8-73.3%). There was no difference in the seropositivity among males (66.1%) and females (63.1%), as well as the place of residence (suburban/rural 63.9%, urban 64.1%). IgM antibodies (current/recent infection) were found in 61/4.0% of participants with the highest seropositivity in the youngest age group (11.1%). In pregnant women, seroprevalence was higher in women with an unfavorable obstetric history compared with a normal pregnancy (IgG 71.0% vs. 62.6%; IgM 6.5% vs. 2.4%), but these differences were not significant. Logistic regression showed that the adult population had almost three times higher risk of IgG seropositivity compared to children/adolescents (general population OR = 2.777, 95% CI = 2.023-3.812; hemodialysis patients OR = 2.586, 95% CI = 1.531-4.367; and transplant patients OR = 2.717, 95% CI = 1.604-4.603). A one-year increase in age increased the risk of IgG seroprevalence (OR = 1.017; 95% CI = 1.011-1.022). Conclusions: Older age was the main risk factor for IgG seropositivity. Hemodialysis and organ transplantation seem unrelated to the increased parvovirus B19 seroprevalence. The role of parvovirus B19 in the etiology of TORCH infections needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.T.); (M.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.B.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4863-238
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Department of Public Health Gerontology, Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Klara Mihulja
- Zagreb County Family Medicine Division, 10380 Sveti Ivan Zelina, Croatia;
| | - Lana Blazevic
- Department of Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Dan Navolan
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Natasa Beader
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Gorun F, Malita D, Ciohat I, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Feier H, Tabain I, Craina M, Cretu O, Navolan D. Prevalence of Rubella Antibodies among Fertile Women in the West of Romania, 18 Years after the Implementation of Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020104. [PMID: 33572943 PMCID: PMC7912329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seronegative women are susceptible to primary rubella virus (RV) infection during pregnancy, which can cause fetal damage. Vaccination represents the main strategy in rubella prevention. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the rubella seroprevalence and identify populations with a high susceptibility to RV. A cross-sectional study was performed on 6914 Caucasian fertile women who had Toxoplasma gondii, other viruses, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and the herpes simplex virus (TORCH) screening in two distinct periods-1452 at the Timișoara Municipal Hospital, Romania (Group 1: 2008-2010) and 5462 at the laboratory Bioclinica S.A., Timișoara, Romania (Group 2: 2015-2018). The RV seroprevalence decreased (Group 1 versus Group 2; 94.1% (92.7-95.2) versus 91.4% (90.6-92.1), OR = 0.76 (p = 0.0007)). According to the year of birth and eligibility to vaccination program, RV seroprevalence rates were 82.4% (76.8-86.8)/1997-2004, 85.4% (80.5-89.3)/1995-1996, 90.1% (89.0-91.1)/<1989, and 95.8% (94.7-96.6)/1989-1994. No significant difference in the RV seropositivity according to the place of residence was found. The overall RV susceptibility increased from 2008-2010 to 2015-2018. The highest susceptibility was found in women born between 1997-2004 eligible for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine through the family practice system and the lowest in women born between 1989-1994 eligible for monovalent rubella vaccine conducted in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Gorun
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.G.); (M.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Daniel Malita
- Department of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ciohat
- Laboratory of Antenatal Medicine, City Unversitary Emergency Hospital Timisoara, str. Odobescu, nr. 1-3, 300202 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller str. 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Horea Feier
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller str. 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marius Craina
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.G.); (M.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Department of Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dan Navolan
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.G.); (M.C.); (D.N.)
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