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Ratković D, Knežević V, Dickov A, Fedrigolli E, Čomić M. Comparison of binge-eating disorder and food addiction. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231171016. [PMID: 37115520 PMCID: PMC10155018 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231171016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, binge-eating disorder (BED) is classified as episodes of binge eating while not being hungry, eating too fast until feeling uncomfortably full, or eating in solitude with feelings of shame and disgust after eating, without compensatory mechanisms. The controversial disorder food addiction (FA) is characterized by overconsumption, cravings, failure to cut down on amounts of food, and withdrawal and tolerance to overeating. In this narrative review, we aimed to comprehensively characterize and compare BED and FA. We searched PubMed using the keywords "binge-eating disorder" and "food addiction." We finally included 51 publications according to topic specificity, credibility, the authors' reputation, and non-bias criteria. BED is characterized by concerns about dietary issues, body shape, and weight as well as depressive symptoms and brooding rumination. FA can be divided into substance addiction and behavioral addiction, which can be differentiated using a list of criteria including hunger, taste, pleasure, function of food, loss of social connections, weight concerns, and awareness about the disorder. Further research is needed to further characterize and distinguish BED and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Ratković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vladimir Knežević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dickov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Elsa Fedrigolli
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maša Čomić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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2
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Baenas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Solé-Morata N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Neuroendocrinological factors in binge eating disorder: A narrative review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 150:106030. [PMID: 36709632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine mechanisms play a key role in the regulation of eating behavior. In individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), alterations in these mechanisms signaling hunger and satiety have been observed. It has been investigated that these alterations may underlie the development and maintenance of compulsive overeating in BED. The present narrative review examined the current literature related to the neurobiological processes involved in feeding dysregulation in BED with the aim of updating the most relevant aspects with special attention to neuroendocrine signaling. Studies have shown both central and peripheral endocrine dysfunctions in hormones participating in homeostatic and hedonic pathways in BED. Most studies have been especially focused on orexigenic signals, pointing out the existence of a hyperactivated mechanism promoting hunger. Fewer studies have explored anorexigenic pathways, but the findings so far seem to suggest an abnormal satiety threshold. Despite this, to date, it is unable to identify whether these alterations are typical of the BED pathophysiology or are related to an obesogenic pattern due to most studies included patients with BED and obesity. The identification of endophenotypes in BED may provide a new approach to aberrant eating behavior, favoring the implementation of biological therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315228. [PMID: 36499556 PMCID: PMC9738776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent Binge Eating (BE) episodes characterize several eating disorders. Here, we attempted to reassemble a condition closer to BE disorder, and we analyzed whether recurrent episodes might evoke molecular alterations in the hypothalamus of rats. The hypothalamus is a brain region which is sensitive to stress and relevant in motivated behaviors, such as food intake. A well-characterized animal model of BE, in which a history of intermittent food restriction and stress induce binge-like palatable food consumption, was used to analyze the transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). We detected, in rats showing the BE behavior, an up-regulated gene expression of cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1), sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase, as well as fatty acid amide hydrolase (Faah) and monoacylglycerol lipase. A selective reduction in DNA methylation was also observed at the promoter of Faah, which is consistent with the changes in the gene expression. Moreover, BE behavior in rats was associated with an increase in anandamide (AEA) levels. Our findings support the relevant role of the ECS in the regulation of food intake in rats subjected to repeated BE episodes, and, in particular, on AEA signaling, acting via CB1 and FAAH modulation. Notably, the epigenetic regulation of the Faah gene might suggest this enzyme as a possible target for developing new therapeutical approaches.
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Appolinario JC, Sichieri R, Lopes CS, Moraes CE, da Veiga GV, Freitas S, Nunes MAA, Wang YP, Hay P. Correlates and impact of DSM-5 binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa and recurrent binge eating: a representative population survey in a middle-income country. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1491-1503. [PMID: 35044479 PMCID: PMC9246799 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN) and recurrent binge eating (RBE) are binge eating spectrum conditions causing a significant impact in individual's health and functioning. Information regarding those conditions came mostly from high-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of DSM-5 BED, BN and RBE and correlates in a representative sample from a metropolitan area of a middle-income country. METHODS The data were obtained from a cross-sectional population-based household survey in two stages in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Noninstitutionalized residents aged 18-60 years were assessed by lay interviewers using the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5). Positive cases and a paired sample screen-negative cases were reassessed by phone with the Eating Disorders Section of SCID-I-P (adapted for DSM-5). The data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020. RESULTS Overall, 2297 individuals were interviewed. Prevalence of BED was 1.4%, BN 0.7%, RBE 6.2%. Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety and ADHD were significantly more prevalent in people with BED, BN and RBE than in people without these eating problems. Several medical conditions, when controlling for body mass index, were significantly more prevalent in people with BED, BN and RBE. People with BED and BN had marked impairments in work/school, social and family life, reduced mental and physical HRQoL and under half had sought treatment. CONCLUSION As in high income countries, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, BED, BN and RBE are prevalent conditions and are associated with elevated BMI, functional impairment, psychiatric and medical comorbidity and poorer HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C. Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Professor Gastão Bahiana, 496 ap1809, Rio de Janeiro, 22071-030 Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia S. Lopes
- Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Moraes
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Professor Gastão Bahiana, 496 ap1809, Rio de Janeiro, 22071-030 Brazil
| | - Gloria V. da Veiga
- Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Freitas
- State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia ,Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, Australia
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Blum K, Thanos PK, Wang GJ, Bowirrat A, Gomez LL, Baron D, Jalali R, Gondré-Lewis MC, Gold MS. Dopaminergic and other genes related to reward induced overeating, Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge eating. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1994186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- Department of Precision Behavioral Management, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute (Division of Ivitalize Inc.), Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VM, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, India
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gene -Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Luis Llanos Gomez
- Department of Precision Behavioral Management, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute (Division of Ivitalize Inc.), Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Rehan Jalali
- Department of Precision Behavioral Management, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute (Division of Ivitalize Inc.), Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Pape M, Herpertz S, Schroeder S, Seiferth C, Färber T, Wolstein J, Steins-Loeber S. Food Addiction and Its Relationship to Weight- and Addiction-Related Psychological Parameters in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:736454. [PMID: 34621227 PMCID: PMC8491654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: It is assumed that a relevant subgroup of individuals experiences an addiction-like eating behaviour (Food Addiction), characterized by an impaired control over eating behaviour, emotional eating and food craving. Individuals experiencing Food Addiction partially share common symptomatology with Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Food Addiction, general psychopathology, and associations with weight- and addiction-related constructs in individuals with overweight and obesity, who did not suffer from Binge-Eating-Disorder or Bulimia Nervosa. Methods:N=213 (67.1% female; MBMI=33.35kg/m2, SDBMI=3.79kg/m2) participants who were included in a weight loss program (I-GENDO project) reported BMI and completed questionnaires before the start of the treatment. Food Addiction severity, depressive symptoms, alcohol use disorder, internet use disorder, psychological distress, impulsivity personality trait, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, food related inhibitory control, weight bias internalization, and self-efficacy were assessed. Results: The prevalence of Food Addiction was 15% with higher, although not statistically significant, prevalence in female (18.2%) compared to male (8.6%) participants. Food Addiction was associated with higher BMI at baseline assessment, low self-esteem, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, weight bias internalization, and deficits in food-related inhibitory control. In addition, correlations were found between Food Addiction and severity of depressive symptoms, internet use disorder, and psychological distress. Conclusion: A relevant subgroup of participants experiences Food Addiction even when controlling for Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Future studies are warranted that investigate whether Food Addiction affects treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schroeder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.,Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Seiferth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Färber
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature and significance of impulse-control difficulties in binge-eating disorder (BED) are uncertain. Most emerging research has focused on food-specific rather than general impulsivity. The current study examines the clinical presentation of patients with BED categorized with and without clinical levels of general impulsivity. METHOD A total of 343 consecutive treatment-seeking patients with BED were categorized as having BED with general impulsivity (GI+; N = 73) or BED without general impulsivity (GI-: N = 270) based on structured diagnostic and clinical interviews. The groups were compared on demographic, developmental, and psychological features, and on rates of psychiatric and personality comorbidity. RESULTS Individuals with BED and general impulsivity (GI+) reported greater severity of eating-disorder psychopathology, greater depressive symptoms, and greater rates of comorbidity than those without general impulsivity (GI-). CONCLUSIONS A subtype of individuals with BED and general impulsivity may signal a more severe presentation of BED characterized by heightened and broader psychopathology. Future work should investigate whether these impulse-control difficulties relate to treatment outcomes.
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A Systematic Review of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Binge Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030848. [PMID: 33807560 PMCID: PMC7999791 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic polymorphisms involved in the physiopathology of binge eating disorder (BED) are currently unclear. This systematic review aims to highlight and summarize the research on polymorphisms that is conducted in the BED. We looked for observational studies where there was a genetic comparison between adults with BED, in some cases also with obesity or overweight, and healthy controls or obesity/overweight without BED. Our protocol was written using PRISMA. It is registered at PROSPERO (identification: CRD42020198645). To identify potentially relevant documents, the following bibliographic databases were searched without a time limit, but until September 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, 21 articles were included in the qualitative analysis of the systematic review, as they met the eligibility criteria. Within the selected studies, 41 polymorphisms of 17 genes were assessed. Overall, this systematic review provides a list of potentially useful genetic polymorphisms involved in BED: 5-HTTLPR (5-HTT), Taq1A (ANKK1/DRD2), A118G (OPRM1), C957T (DRD2), rs2283265 (DRD2), Val158Met (COMT), rs6198 (GR), Val103Ile (MC4R), Ile251Leu (MC4R), rs6265 (BNDF), and Leu72Met (GHRL). It is important to emphasize that Taq1A is the polymorphism that showed, in two different research groups, the most significant association with BED. The remaining polymorphisms need further evidence to be confirmed.
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Heidinger BA, Cameron JD, Vaillancourt R, De Lisio M, Ngu M, Tasca GA, Chyurlia L, Doucet É, Doucette S, Maria Obregón Rivas A, Goldfield GS. No association between dopaminergic polymorphisms and response to treatment of binge-eating disorder. Gene 2021; 781:145538. [PMID: 33631245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetics of binge-eating disorder (BED) is an emerging topic, with dopaminergic genes being implicated in its etiology due to the role that dopamine (DA) plays in food reward sensitivity and self-regulation of eating behavior. However, no study to date has examined if DA genes influence response to behavioral treatment of BED. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the ability of DA-associated polymorphisms to predict BED treatment response measured using binge frequency over 12 months. As secondary objectives, this study examined cross-sectional relationships between these polymorphisms and anthropometrics in women living with and without BED and obesity. METHODS Women aged 18-64 years old were genotyped for the DA-related SNPs DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs1800497) and COMT (rs4680), as well as the DA-related uVNTRs DAT-1 (SLC6A3) and MAO-A. A multi-locus DA composite score was formed from these 4 polymorphisms using genotypes known to have a functional impact resulting in modified DA signaling. Binge frequency (Eating Disorder Examination - Interview) and body composition (Tanita BC-418) were assessed in a pre-post analysis to examine genetic predictors of treatment response in women living with obesity and BED. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional comparison of three groups of women enrolled in trial group treatment for BED: women living with obesity and BED (n = 72), obesity without BED (n = 27), and normal-weight without BED (n = 45). RESULTS There were no significant genotype × time interactions related to anthropometrics or binge frequency for any individual DA genotypes, or to the composite score reflecting DA availability. At baseline, there were no significant between-group differences in frequencies of DA-related alleles, nor were there associations between genotypes and anthropometrics. CONCLUSIONS Our study found no evidence to suggest that the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A, COMT, MAO-A, or DAT-1 polymorphisms are associated with response to behavioral intervention for BED as measured by changes in binge frequency. Future studies should examine a greater variety of dopaminergic polymorphisms, other candidate genes that target other neurotransmitter systems, as well as examine their impact on both behavioral and pharmacological-based treatment for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Heidinger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Regis Vaillancourt
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giorgio A Tasca
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Livia Chyurlia
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Obregón Rivas
- Escuela de Nutrición y dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Citrome L. Binge Eating Disorder: A Psychiatrist's Commentary on Clinical Considerations. Clin Ther 2020; 43:7-16. [PMID: 33308878 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Of the 3 major eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), BED is the most common and exists in the practices of most primary care and psychiatric clinicians. However, BED often goes unrecognized and thus untreated. METHODS Reviewed in this commentary are the basic elements in the diagnosis of BED, demographic and clinical characteristics, screening options, the importance of comorbidities, pathophysiology, and available treatments. FINDINGS Psychological treatments, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavioral weight loss, have been recommended as first-line options and are supported by several different meta-analytic reviews. Lisdexamfetamine is currently the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED. Effect sizes for lisdexamfetamine versus placebo for response, remission, and avoidance of relapse in BED are robust, but its use may be limited by tolerability. This is also the case for topiramate, an anticonvulsant that has been used "off-label" to treat BED. IMPLICATIONS Additional medication choices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED are needed. Moving forward, opportunities to leverage modern technology to broaden access to treatment are highly desirable.
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Benzerouk F, Djerada Z, Bertin E, Barrière S, Gierski F, Kaladjian A. Contributions of Emotional Overload, Emotion Dysregulation, and Impulsivity to Eating Patterns in Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder and Seeking Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103099. [PMID: 33053641 PMCID: PMC7650699 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is very frequently observed in patients considered for weight loss surgery and seems to influence their outcome critically. Literature highlights a global emotional overload in individuals with BED, but little is known on the mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to focus on emotion regulation, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety in people with and without BED and fulfilling inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Doing so, we sought to individualize factors related to BED. Then, we examined the contribution of depression, anxiety, emotion regulation difficulties, and impulsivity to inappropriate eating behaviors observed in patients with BED. Methods: A sample of 121 individuals (79.3% female, mean age: 40.82 ± 9.26, mean current body mass index (BMI): 44.92 kg/m2 ± 7.55) seeking bariatric surgery were recruited at the Champagne Ardenne Specialized Center in Obesity in Reims, France from November 2017 to October 2018. They were stratified as with or without BED according to the binge eating scale. Characteristics identified in univariate analyses as differentiating the two groups were then included in multivariable analyses. Results: Multivariable analyses showed that limited access to emotional regulation strategies was significantly associated with BED. Furthermore, inappropriate eating behaviors were independently associated with age, depression severity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and impulsivity in BED group. Conclusions: The present findings are indicative of an association between emotion deficit and BED in obese patients seeking bariatric surgery. Patients with BED could benefit from the addition of an emotion regulation intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Benzerouk
- Psychiatry Department, Reims University Hospital, EPSM Marne, 51100 Reims, France; (S.B.); (F.G.); (A.K.)
- Cognition Health and Society Laboratory (EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Pharmacology E.A.3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Eric Bertin
- Champagne Ardenne Specialized Center in Obesity, University Hospital Center, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Sarah Barrière
- Psychiatry Department, Reims University Hospital, EPSM Marne, 51100 Reims, France; (S.B.); (F.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Psychiatry Department, Reims University Hospital, EPSM Marne, 51100 Reims, France; (S.B.); (F.G.); (A.K.)
- Cognition Health and Society Laboratory (EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- INSERM U1247 GRAP, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Psychiatry Department, Reims University Hospital, EPSM Marne, 51100 Reims, France; (S.B.); (F.G.); (A.K.)
- Cognition Health and Society Laboratory (EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
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12
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A study on binge eating behavior in urban adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 50:101998. [PMID: 32229430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study was aimed at studying binge eating behavior in urban adolescents. This was in keeping with the increasing prevalence of obesity and lifestyle disorders amongst Indian population especially in adolescent groups. METHODS 2000 adolescents English speaking schools in Mumbai were administered the Binge Eating Scale and the Eating Behaviors and Pattern Questionnaire after assent and parental consent. The prevalence of Binge eating behavior was estimated along with the socio-demographic data and other data from scale which was analyzed using the Chi square test and ANOVA where appropriate. RESULTS The mean age of the total sample was 15.05 ± 1.65 years. Females reported higher Binge eating behavior than males and majority of the sample belonging to upper and lower middle- class families reported high binge eating behavior. The prevalence of Binge eating behavior was high with 1002 (50.1 %) adolescents reporting moderate binge eating while 736 (36.8 %) reporting severe binge eating. Significantly greater adolescents in the binge eating group reported irregular menses and being overweight and obese. There was a significantly greater proportion of adolescents in the binge eating group that ate out weekly and ate more fried food. CONCLUSION There is an increasing trend of obesity and lifestyle disorders in adolescent population that can be linked to Binge eating behavior however, the role of binge eating in context of one of the potential cause of lifestyle disorders and obesity has not been studied in Indian adolescents despite the prevalence of Binge eating and overweight being high in this population, we need further larger studies to corroborate the findings of this study.
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Finger IDR, de Freitas BI, Oliveira MDS. Psychological inflexibility in overweight and obese people from the perspective of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:169-175. [PMID: 30019259 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the psychological inflexibility (PI) processes (experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, poor contact with the present moment, unclear personal values and lack of commitment to action) associated with body mass index (BMI), depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and binge eating in overweight and obese people by drawing on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 243 people with a BMI of at least 25 and aged from 18 to 60 years old. The following instruments were used: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Weight (AAQ-W), Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Body Image (CFQ-BI), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and t tests. RESULTS There were no differences between BMI categories with respect to PI variables, but PI was positively related to the severity of binge eating and to symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. CONCLUSION The development of interventions focused on psychological inflexibility can be useful for the treatment of symptoms associated with overweight and obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor da Rosa Finger
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, 9° andar, Sala 927 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Breno Irigoyen de Freitas
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, 9° andar, Sala 927 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, 9° andar, Sala 927 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
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A real world study on the genetic, cognitive and psychopathological differences of obese patients clustered according to eating behaviours. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 48:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundConsidering that specific genetic profiles, psychopathological conditions and neurobiological systems underlie human behaviours, the phenotypic differentiation of obese patients according to eating behaviours should be investigated. The aim of this study was to classify obese patients according to their eating behaviours and to compare these clusters in regard to psychopathology, personality traits, neurocognitive patterns and genetic profiles.MethodsA total of 201 obese outpatients seeking weight reduction treatment underwent a dietetic visit, psychological and psychiatric assessment and genotyping for SCL6A2 polymorphisms. Eating behaviours were clustered through two-step cluster analysis, and these clusters were subsequently compared.ResultsTwo groups emerged: cluster 1 contained patients with predominantly prandial hyperphagia, social eating, an increased frequency of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR and low scores in all tests; and cluster 2 included patients with more emotionally related eating behaviours (emotional eating, grazing, binge eating, night eating, post-dinner eating, craving for carbohydrates), dysfunctional personality traits, neurocognitive impairment, affective disorders and increased frequencies of the short (S) allele and the S/S genotype.ConclusionsAside from binge eating, dysfunctional eating behaviours were useful symptoms to identify two different phenotypes of obese patients from a comprehensive set of parameters (genetic, clinical, personality and neuropsychology) in this sample. Grazing and emotional eating were the most important predictors for classifying obese patients, followed by binge eating. This clustering overcomes the idea that ‘binging’ is the predominant altered eating behaviour, and could help physicians other than psychiatrists to identify whether an obese patient has an eating disorder. Finally, recognising different types of obesity may not only allow a more comprehensive understanding of this illness, but also make it possible to tailor patient-specific treatment pathways.
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Appolinario JC, Nardi AE, McElroy SL. Investigational drugs for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED): an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:1081-1094. [PMID: 31714807 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1692813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder and is frequently associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities and functional impairment. Although psychological treatments have been the cornerstones of BED treatment, pharmacologic interventions also play an important part of the multimodal management of this condition.Areas covered: This review examines investigational, approved and other pharmacological agents for the treatment of BED. We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov to identify pharmacological interventions for the management of this condition.Expert opinion: BED pharmacological studies have incorporated new drug targets based on our enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of BED. Neurobiological dysregulation in the reward center and impulse control circuitry and related disturbances in dopamine neurotransmission are among the neurobiological explanations that have been suggested for BED. These mechanisms serve as a pharmacodynamic foundation for the development of new compounds such as lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and dasotraline. Despite these advances, pharmacological trials in BED have numerous challenges that must be overcome. For most compounds studied, larger and more definitive trials is a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common type of eating disorder. According to the most recent data available, the estimated lifetime prevalence of BED among US adults in the general population is 0.85% (men 0.42% and women 1.25%). Among psychiatric treatment populations, prevalence is several-fold higher. Although many people with BED are obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), roughly half are not. In the DSM-5, BED is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating (eating in a discrete period of time, an amount of food larger than most people would eat in a similar amount of time under similar circumstances and a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode), occurring on average at least once a week for 3 months, and associated with marked distress. BED often goes unrecognized and thus untreated; in one study, 344 of 22,387 (1.5%) survey respondents met DSM-5 criteria for BED, but only 11 out of the 344 had ever been diagnosed with BED by a health-care provider. Psychiatric comorbidities are very common, with most adults with BED also experiencing anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, or substance use disorders, suggesting that clinicians have patients in their practice with unrecognized BED. Multiple neurobiological explanations have been suggested for BED, including dysregulation in reward center and impulse control circuitry. Additionally, there is interplay between genetic influences and environmental stressors. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral interventions have been recommended as first line and are supported by meta-analytic reviews; however, access to such treatments may be limited because of local availability and/or cost, and these treatments generally lead to little to no weight loss, although successfully eliminating binge eating can protect against future weight gain. Routine medication treatments for anxiety and depression do not necessarily ameliorate the symptoms of BED, but there are approved and emerging medication options, lisdexamfetamine and dasotraline, respectively, that specifically address the core drivers behind binge eating, namely obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding food, resulting in marked decreases in binge eating behaviors as well as weight loss.
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Schag K, Rauch-Schmidt M, Wernz F, Zipfel S, Batra A, Giel KE. Transdiagnostic Investigation of Impulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Binge Eating Disorder With Eye-Tracking Methodology-A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31681036 PMCID: PMC6813717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and patients with binge eating disorder (BED) are characterized by increased impulsivity, i.e. increased reward sensitivity and diminished response inhibition. In this pilot study, we compare both disorders directly concerning impulsivity using disorder-specific stimuli to gain insight into the relationship of both disorders and underlying mechanisms. Methods: We compared eye movements of 23 women with BED (age M = 40.9), 21 participants with AUD (13 females, 8 males, age M = 46.6), and age- and sex-matched control groups (BED-CG and AUD-CG, respectively). We measured reward sensitivity with the free exploration paradigm and response inhibition with the modified antisaccade paradigm. We presented disorder-specific stimuli vs. neutral stimuli, i.e. food stimuli in the BED and BED-CG and alcohol stimuli in the AUD and AUD-CG. Results: BED and BED-CG initially fixated more often on food stimuli vs. neutral stimuli, whereas AUD and AUD-CG initially fixated more often on neutral stimuli vs. alcohol stimuli. AUD showed shorter dwell times on both stimulus categories in comparison with the other groups. When saccades towards stimuli should be inhibited, BED made more errors in first saccades for both stimulus categories in comparison with AUD-CG and in second saccades particularly for food stimuli in comparison with all other groups, whereas AUD did not differ from the control groups. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that food and alcohol stimuli are at the first sight differently processed. Moreover, patients with BED and with AUD seem to process disorder-specific stimuli differently. Whereas patients with AUD avoid stimuli generally, patients with BED predominantly show deficits in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Rauch-Schmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Wernz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
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Lyu Z, Zheng P, Lu S, Qin M. Impaired Conflict Monitoring to Food Cues in Women Who Binge Eat. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2585. [PMID: 30618999 PMCID: PMC6304389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated the associations between cognitive biases toward food cues and binge eating (BE) behavior. To determine the characteristics of conflict monitoring to food cues in women who binge eat and non-eating disordered controls, a flanker task featured high-caloric food and low-caloric food images was used to examine conflict monitoring with measures of accuracy and reaction time. Women who binge eat displayed longer reaction times (RTs) to incongruent trials (i.e., flanked by pictures from the different category) than to congruent trials (i.e., flanked by pictures from the same category), while controls showed no such difference. This finding demonstrated women who binge eat displayed a general flanker effect toward food-related stimuli compared to controls. Faster reaction times in response to high-caloric food images disturbed by low-caloric food images predicted lower self-reported motor impulsiveness in the women who binge eat, but not in controls. These data suggest a relative conflict monitoring deficit in women with BE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Lyu
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Panpan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songkai Lu
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mingzhi Qin
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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Cameron JD, Tasca GA, Little J, Chyurlia L, Ritchie K, Yeh E, Doucette S, Obregon AM, Bulman DE, Doucet É, Goldfield GS. Effects of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms on binge eating in women with binge-eating disorder: The moderating influence of attachment style. Nutrition 2018; 61:208-212. [PMID: 30822753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genetics of binge-eating disorder (BED) is an emerging topic and one candidate pathway, namely the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, may be implicated because of its role in food reward sensitivity and self-regulation of eating. The aims of this study were to examine the independent effects of variants of FTO on binge frequency in women with and without BED and to examine the moderating role of interpersonal attachment in this association. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional comparison of three groups of women in a trial of group treatment for BED: BED with obesity (n = 73), BED without obesity (n = 55), and normal weight without BED (n = 50). Women were genotyped for five of the most common FTO single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs9939609, rs8050136, rs3751812, rs1421085, and rs1121980, which have been related to body mass index and energy intake. Binge frequency (Eating Disorder Examination), body composition (bioelectric impedance), and attachment (Attachment Style Questionnaire) were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences for frequencies of FTO alleles, nor were there any significant anthropometric associations. The FTO × attachment interaction was significant whereby, relative to a low-risk FTO genotype, individuals with a high-risk genotype for the SNP rs1421085 and high-avoidant attachment had higher mean binge frequency than those with high genetic risk but low-avoidant attachment (β = -7.96; t = -2.07; P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS FTO genotypes associated with risk for obesity and loss of control of eating, specifically rs1421085, may interact with insecure attachment in a way that may exacerbate binge eating among women with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giorgio A Tasca
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Chyurlia
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Ritchie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ed Yeh
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ana-Maria Obregon
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Dennis E Bulman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Kibitov АО, Мazo GE. [Genetics factors in pathogenesis and clinical genetics of binge eating disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018. [PMID: 28635940 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611671113-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown that binge eating disorder (ВЕD) aggregates in families, heritability was estimated as about 60% and additive genetic influences on BED up to 50%. Using a genetic approach has proved useful for verifying the diagnostic categories of BED using DSM-IV criteria and supporting the validity of considering this pathology as a separate nosological category. The results confirmed the genetic and pathogenic originality of BED as a separate psychopathological phenomenon, but not a subtype of obesity. It seems fruitful to considerate BED as a disease with hereditary predisposition with significant genetic influence and a complex psychopathological syndrome, including not only eating disorders, but also depressive and addictive component. A possible mechanism of pathogenesis of BED may be the interaction of the neuroendocrine and neurotransmitters systems including the active involvement of the reward system in response to a variety of chronic stress influences with the important modulatory role of specific personality traits. The high level of genetic influence on the certain clinical manifestations of BED confirms the ability to identify the subphenotypes of BED on genetic basis involving clinical criteria. It can not only contribute to further genetic studies, taking into account more homogeneous samples, but also help in finding differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- А О Kibitov
- Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - G E Мazo
- Bekhterev St.-Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Bonder R, Davis C, Kuk JL, Loxton NJ. Compulsive “grazing” and addictive tendencies towards food. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:569-573. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Revi Bonder
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Caroline Davis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Natalie J. Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology; Griffith University; Brisbane QLD Australia
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22
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Babbs RK, Kelliher JC, Scotellaro JL, Luttik KP, Mulligan MK, Bryant CD. Genetic differences in the behavioral organization of binge eating, conditioned food reward, and compulsive-like eating in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. Physiol Behav 2018; 197:51-66. [PMID: 30261172 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a heritable symptom of eating disorders associated with anxiety, depression, malnutrition, and obesity. Genetic analysis of BE could facilitate therapeutic discovery. We used an intermittent, limited access BE paradigm involving sweetened palatable food (PF) to examine genetic differences in BE, conditioned food reward, and compulsive-like eating between C57BL/6J (B6J) and DBA/2J (D2J) inbred mouse strains. D2J mice showed a robust escalation in intake and conditioned place preference for the PF-paired side. D2J mice also showed a unique style of compulsive-like eating in the light/dark conflict test where they rapidly hoarded and consumed PF in the preferred unlit environment. BE and compulsive-like eating exhibited narrow-sense heritability estimates between 56 and 73%. To gain insight into the genetic basis, we phenotyped and genotyped a small cohort of 133 B6J × D2J-F2 mice at the peak location of three quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously identified in F2 mice for sweet taste (chromosome 4: 156 Mb), bitter taste (chromosome 6: 133 Mb) and behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse (chromosome 11: 50 Mb). The D2J allele on chromosome 6 was associated with greater PF intake on training days and greater compulsive-like PF intake, but only in males, suggesting that decreased bitter taste may increase BE in males. The D2J allele on chromosome 11 was associated with an increase in final PF intake and slope of escalation across days. Future studies employing larger crosses and genetic reference panels comprising B6J and D2J alleles will identify causal genes and neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Babbs
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Julia C Kelliher
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Julia L Scotellaro
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP), United States
| | - Kimberly P Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP), United States
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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Hübel C, Leppä V, Breen G, Bulik CM. Rigor and reproducibility in genetic research on eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:593-607. [PMID: 30194862 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored both within-method and between-method rigor and reproducibility in the field of eating disorders genetics. METHOD We present critical evaluation and commentary on component methods of genetic research (family studies, twin studies, molecular genetic studies) and discuss both successful and unsuccessful efforts in the field. RESULTS Eating disorders genetics has had a number of robust results that converge across component methodologies. Familial aggregation of eating disorders, twin-based heritability estimates of eating disorders, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) all point toward a substantial role for genetics in eating disorders etiology and support the premise that genes do not act alone. Candidate gene and linkage studies have been less informative historically. DISCUSSION The eating disorders field has entered the GWAS era with studies of anorexia nervosa. Continued growth of sample sizes is essential for rigorous discovery of actionable variation. Molecular genetic studies of bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other eating disorders are virtually nonexistent and lag seriously behind other major psychiatric disorders. Expanded efforts are necessary to reveal the fundamental biology of eating disorders, inform clinical practice, and deliver new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Virpi Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Murphy M, Dijkstra DJ, Duncan JS, Horgan GW, Mercer JG. A spontaneous binge-like eating model in mice using unpredictable once weekly access to palatable diets. Appetite 2018; 126:137-146. [PMID: 29627345 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many pre-clinical models of binge-like eating involve predictable, scheduled, access to a palatable diet high in fat (HF), where access may be preceded by anticipatory behaviour. Here, to introduce spontaneity into the binge-type consumption of palatable diets, mice were allowed 2 h access on a random day once per week and at a random time within an 8 h window either side of the transition from dark phase to light phase. Despite normal intake of a stock diet prior to unpredictable access to HF diet, mice immediately initiated a substantial eating episode when presented with HF diet. Following this consumption, compensatory hypophagia was observed relative to stock diet-fed controls, and cumulative energy intakes converged. There were no effects of HF diet on body weight or body composition over a 12-week period. Binge-like consumption was also observed on unpredictable access to the complete liquid diet, chocolate Ensure, but not with a 10% sucrose solution. Binge-like responses to unpredictable access to HF diet or Ensure were similar in male and female mice, although there were effects of sex on caloric consumption from stock diet in the compensatory period following palatable diet intake, with higher intakes in females. The timing of the 2h access period relative to light phase transition affected intake of palatable diets, but less robustly than the equivalent effect on stock diet intake during the same timed periods - the diurnal patterning of energy intake was diet sensitive. The large spontaneous binge-like consumption on unpredictable access to either solid or liquid palatable diets in mice of either sex offers the potential to combine these attributes with other manipulations where a developing obesity is part of the binge-like eating phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Murphy
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Dorieka J Dijkstra
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline S Duncan
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Julian G Mercer
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Food Addiction and Binge Eating: Lessons Learned from Animal Models. Nutrients 2018; 10:E71. [PMID: 29324652 PMCID: PMC5793299 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The feeding process is required for basic life, influenced by environment cues and tightly regulated according to demands of the internal milieu by regulatory brain circuits. Although eating behaviour cannot be considered "addictive" under normal circumstances, people can become "addicted" to this behaviour, similarly to how some people are addicted to drugs. The symptoms, cravings and causes of "eating addiction" are remarkably similar to those experienced by drug addicts, and both drug-seeking behaviour as eating addiction share the same neural pathways. However, while the drug addiction process has been highly characterised, eating addiction is a nascent field. In fact, there is still a great controversy over the concept of "food addiction". This review aims to summarize the most relevant animal models of "eating addictive behaviour", emphasising binge eating disorder, that could help us to understand the neurobiological mechanisms hidden under this behaviour, and to improve the psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment in patients suffering from these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15786 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15786 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Suárez-Ortiz JO, Cortés-Salazar F, Malagón-Carrillo AL, López-Alonso VE, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Tejas-Juárez JG, Escartín-Pérez RE. Intra-accumbens Raclopride Administration Prevents Behavioral Changes Induced by Intermittent Access to Sucrose Solution. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:74. [PMID: 29515353 PMCID: PMC5826344 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overeating is one of the most relevant clinical features in Binge Eating Disorder and in some obesity patients. According to several studies, alterations in the mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission produced by non-homeostatic feeding behavior may be associated with changes in the reward system similar to those produced by drugs of abuse. Although it is known that binge-eating is related with changes in dopaminergic transmission mediated by D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), it has not been determined whether these receptors may be a potential target for the treatment of eating pathology with binge-eating. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether sugar binging induced by intermittent access to a sucrose solution produced changes in the structure of feeding behavior and whether blocking D2 receptors prevented these changes. We used the intermittent access model to a 10% sucrose solution (2 h/day for 4 weeks) to induce sugar binging in Sprague Dawley female rats. Experimental subjects consumed in a 2-h period more than 50% of the caloric intake consumed by the subjects with ad-lib access to the sweetened solution without any increase in body weight or fat accumulation. Furthermore, we evaluated whether sugar binging was associated to the estrous cycle and we did not find differences in caloric intake (estrous vs. diestrus). Subsequently, we characterized the structure of feeding behavior (microstructural analysis) and the motivation for palatable food (breakpoints) of the subjects with sugar binging and found that feeding episodes had short latencies, high frequencies, as well as short durations and inter-episode intervals. The intermittent access model did not increase breakpoints, as occurred in subjects with ad-lib access to the sucrose. Finally, we evaluated the effects of D2 receptor blockade in the NAcS, and found that raclopride (18 nM) prevented the observed changes in the frequency and duration of episodes induced by intermittent access to the sucrose solution. Our results suggest that alterations in behavioral patterns associated with binge-eating behavior depend in part on the dopaminergic transmission in the NAcS and that the antagonism of D2 receptors may be a therapeutic tool for feeding pathology with binge-eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué O. Suárez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Felipe Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ariadna L. Malagón-Carrillo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Verónica E. López-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Mancilla-Díaz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Tejas-Juárez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E. Escartín-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo E. Escartín-Pérez
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Capusan AJ, Yao S, Kuja-Halkola R, Bulik CM, Thornton LM, Bendtsen P, Marteinsdottir I, Thorsell A, Larsson H. Genetic and environmental aspects in the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and binge-eating behavior in adults: a twin study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2866-2878. [PMID: 28578734 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research demonstrated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge-eating behavior, binge-eating disorder (BED), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in an adult twin population, and to determine the extent to which ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior share genetic and environmental factors. METHODS We used self-reports of current ADHD symptoms and lifetime binge-eating behavior and associated characteristics from a sample of over 18 000 adult twins aged 20-46 years, from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADHD and lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. Structural equation modeling was used in 13 773 female twins to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in female adult twins. RESULTS ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. The heritability estimate for current ADHD symptoms was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.44], and for lifetime binge-eating behavior 0.65 (95% CI 0.54-0.74). The genetic correlation was estimated as 0.35 (95% CI 0.25-0.46) and the covariance between ADHD and binge-eating behavior was primarily explained by genetic factors (91%). Non-shared environmental factors explained the remaining part of the covariance. CONCLUSIONS The association between adult ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in females is largely explained by shared genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Capusan
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Linköping University,Sweden
| | - S Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - R Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - C M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - L M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,USA
| | - P Bendtsen
- Department of Medical Specialist and Department of Medical and Health Sciences,Linköping University,Motala,Sweden
| | - I Marteinsdottir
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University,Linköping,Sweden
| | - A Thorsell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University,Linköping,Sweden
| | - H Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
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Leeners B, Geary N, Tobler PN, Asarian L. Ovarian hormones and obesity. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:300-321. [PMID: 28333235 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, i.e. eating and energy expenditure (EE). Severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide, and obesity pathophysiology and the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ in women and men. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Pre-clinical and clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We systematically reviewed the clinical and pre-clinical literature on the effects of ovarian hormones on the physiology of adipose tissue (AT) and the regulation of AT mass by energy intake and EE. SEARCH METHODS Articles in English indexed in PubMed through January 2016 were searched using keywords related to: (i) reproductive hormones, (ii) weight regulation and (iii) central nervous system. We sought to identify emerging research foci with clinical translational potential rather than to provide a comprehensive review. OUTCOMES We find that estrogens play a leading role in the causes and consequences of female obesity. With respect to adiposity, estrogens synergize with AT genes to increase gluteofemoral subcutaneous AT mass and decrease central AT mass in reproductive-age women, which leads to protective cardiometabolic effects. Loss of estrogens after menopause, independent of aging, increases total AT mass and decreases lean body mass, so that there is little net effect on body weight. Menopause also partially reverses women's protective AT distribution. These effects can be counteracted by estrogen treatment. With respect to eating, increasing estrogen levels progressively decrease eating during the follicular and peri-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Progestin levels are associated with eating during the luteal phase, but there does not appear to be a causal relationship. Progestins may increase binge eating and eating stimulated by negative emotional states during the luteal phase. Pre-clinical research indicates that one mechanism for the pre-ovulatory decrease in eating is a central action of estrogens to increase the satiating potency of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin. Another mechanism involves a decrease in the preference for sweet foods during the follicular phase. Genetic defects in brain α-melanocycte-stimulating hormone-melanocortin receptor (melanocortin 4 receptor, MC4R) signaling lead to a syndrome of overeating and obesity that is particularly pronounced in women and in female animals. The syndrome appears around puberty in mice with genetic deletions of MC4R, suggesting a role of ovarian hormones. Emerging functional brain-imaging data indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones affect eating by influencing striatal dopaminergic processing of flavor hedonics and lateral prefrontal cortex processing of cognitive inhibitory controls of eating. There is a dearth of research on the neuroendocrine control of eating after menopause. There is also comparatively little research on the effects of ovarian hormones on EE, although changes in ovarian hormone levels during the menstrual cycle do affect resting EE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The markedly greater obesity burden in women makes understanding the diverse effects of ovarian hormones on eating, EE and body adiposity urgent research challenges. A variety of research modalities can be used to investigate these effects in women, and most of the mechanisms reviewed are accessible in animal models. Therefore, human and translational research on the roles of ovarian hormones in women's obesity and its causes should be intensified to gain further mechanistic insights that may ultimately be translated into novel anti-obesity therapies and thereby improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Leeners
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 10, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori Asarian
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features. Appetite 2017; 115:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cameron JD, Chaput JP, Sjödin AM, Goldfield GS. Brain on Fire: Incentive Salience, Hedonic Hot Spots, Dopamine, Obesity, and Other Hunger Games. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 37:183-205. [PMID: 28564556 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review examines human feeding behavior in light of psychological motivational theory and highlights the importance of midbrain dopamine (DA). Prospective evidence of both reward surfeit and reward deficit pathways to increased body weight are evaluated, and we argue that it is more complex than an either/or scenario when examining DA's role in reward sensitivity, eating, and obesity. The Taq1A genotype is a common thread that ties the contrasting models of DA reward and obesity; this genotype related to striatal DA is not associated with obesity class per se but may nevertheless confer an increased risk of weight gain. We also critically examine the concept of so-called food addiction, and despite growing evidence, we argue that there is currently insufficient human data to warrant this diagnostic label. The surgical and pharmacological treatments of obesity are discussed, and evidence is presented for the selective use of DA-class drugs in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
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Papacostas-Quintanilla H, Ortiz-Ortega VM, López-Rubalcava C. Wistar-Kyoto Female Rats Are More Susceptible to Develop Sugar Binging: A Comparison with Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2017; 4:15. [PMID: 28536692 PMCID: PMC5422445 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedonic component of the feeding behavior involves the mesolimbic reward system and resembles addictions. Nowadays, the excessive consumption of sucrose is considered addictive. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is prone to develop anxiety and addiction-like behavior; nevertheless, a lack of information regarding their vulnerability to develop sugar binging-like behavior (SBLB) and how it affects the reward system persist. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to compare the different predisposition of two rat strains, Wistar (W) and WKY to develop the SBLB in female and male rats. Also, we studied if the SBLB-inducing protocol produces changes in anxiety-like behavior using the plus-maze test (PMT) and, analyzed serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in brain areas related to anxiety and ingestive behavior (brain stem, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala). Finally, we evaluated whether fluoxetine, a drug that has been effective in reducing the binge-eating frequency, body weight, and severity of binge eating disorder, could also block this behavior. Briefly, WKY and W female rats were exposed to 30% sucrose solution (2 h, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), and fed up ad libitum. PMT was performed between the last two test periods. Immediately after the last test where sucrose access was available, rats were decapitated and brain areas extracted for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results showed that both W and WKY female and male rats developed the SBLB. WKY rats consumed more calories and ingested a bigger amount of sucrose solution than their W counterpart. This behavior was reversed by using fluoxetine, rats exposed to the SBLB-inducing protocol presented a rebound effect during the washout period. On female rats, the SBLB-inducing protocol induced changes in NA concentrations on WKY, but not on W rats. No changes were found in 5-HT levels. Finally, animals that developed SBLB showed increased anxiety-like behavior in the PMT. In conclusion, WKY female rats can be considered as a more susceptible rat strain to develop SBLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Papacostas-Quintanilla
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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33
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Duncan AE, Ziobrowski HN, Nicol G. The Prevalence of Past 12-Month and Lifetime DSM-IV Eating Disorders by BMI Category in US Men and Women. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:165-171. [PMID: 28127825 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether the prevalence of lifetime and past 12-month DSM-IV eating disorders (ED) diagnoses differed by body mass index category among men and women in a general population sample. METHODS Data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 12 337 adults) were analysed using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately by gender. RESULTS Lifetime ED prevalence was 2.22% in men and 4.93% in women. In both genders, the prevalence of any lifetime and past 12-month ED, binge eating disorder and recurrent binge eating was highest among obese individuals. Among obese men and women, lifetime and past 12-month ED prevalence was highest among those with class III obesity. CONCLUSION Eating disorders were most prevalent among high-weight individuals. This information is important for planning targeted public health ED and obesity prevention and intervention activities, as well as for informing the clinical care of obese individuals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah N Ziobrowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ginger Nicol
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eating disorders are currently not considered to be limited to Western culture. We systematically reviewed the existing literature on the prevalence of eating disorders in Latin America. RECENT FINDINGS Of 1583 records screened, 17 studies from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela were included in the analysis. Most studies reported point-prevalence rates and only three studies provided lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates. We found a mean point-prevalence rate of 0.1% for anorexia nervosa, 1.16% for bulimia nervosa, and 3.53% for binge-eating disorder (BED) in the general population. Heterogeneity for bulimia nervosa and BED was large. This meta-analysis indicates that the prevalence of anorexia nervosa seems to be lower, whereas the prevalence of bulimia nervosa and especially of BED seems to be higher in Latin America than in Western countries. SUMMARY Our findings show that eating disorders are common mental disorders in Latin America. However, some facets of Latin American culture might be protective for the development of anorexia nervosa and increase the risk for bulimia nervosa and BED. Further studies investigating the epidemiology of eating disorders and their relation to culture in Latin America are needed. VIDEO ABSTRACT SPANISH ABSTRACT.
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Abstract
Twenty years have passed from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and, in the meanwhile, a lot of research data about eating disorders has been published. This article reviews the main modifications to the classification of eating disorders reported in the "Feeding and Eating Disorders" chapter of the DSM-5, and compares them with the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Particularly, we will show that DSM-5 criteria widened the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa to less severe forms (so decreasing the frequency of Eating Disorders, Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) diagnoses), introduced the new category of Binge Eating Disorder, and incorporated several feeding disorders that were first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. On the whole, the DSM-5 revision should allow the clinician to make more reliable and timely diagnoses for eating disorders.
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36
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Klenowski PM, Shariff MR, Belmer A, Fogarty MJ, Mu EWH, Bellingham MC, Bartlett SE. Prolonged Consumption of Sucrose in a Binge-Like Manner, Alters the Morphology of Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:54. [PMID: 27047355 PMCID: PMC4803740 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern diet has become highly sweetened, resulting in unprecedented levels of sugar consumption, particularly among adolescents. While chronic long-term sugar intake is known to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes, little is known regarding the direct consequences of long-term, binge-like sugar consumption on the brain. Because sugar can cause the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) similarly to drugs of abuse, we investigated changes in the morphology of neurons in this brain region following short- (4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) binge-like sucrose consumption using an intermittent two-bottle choice paradigm. We used Golgi-Cox staining to impregnate medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the NAc core and shell of short- and long-term sucrose consuming rats and compared these to age-matched water controls. We show that prolonged binge-like sucrose consumption significantly decreased the total dendritic length of NAc shell MSNs compared to age-matched control rats. We also found that the restructuring of these neurons resulted primarily from reduced distal dendritic complexity. Conversely, we observed increased spine densities at the distal branch orders of NAc shell MSNs from long-term sucrose consuming rats. Combined, these results highlight the neuronal effects of prolonged binge-like intake of sucrose on NAc shell MSN morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Klenowski
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masroor R Shariff
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Fogarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erica W H Mu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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37
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Wilfley DE, Citrome L, Herman BK. Characteristics of binge eating disorder in relation to diagnostic criteria. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2213-23. [PMID: 27621631 PMCID: PMC5010172 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to examine the evidentiary basis for binge eating disorder (BED) with reference to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for BED. A PubMed search restricted to titles and abstracts of English-language reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, journal articles, and letters using human participants was conducted on August 7, 2015, using keywords that included "binge eating disorder," DSM-5, DSM-IV, guilt, shame, embarrassment, quantity, psychological, behavior, and "shape and weight concerns." Of the 257 retrieved publications, 60 publications were considered relevant to discussions related to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and were included in the current review, and 20 additional references were also included on the basis of the authors' knowledge and/or on a review of the reference lists from relevant articles obtained through the literature search. Evidence supports the duration/frequency criterion for BED and the primary importance of loss of control and marked distress in identifying individuals with BED. Although overvaluation of shape/weight is not a diagnostic criterion, its relationship to the severity of BED psychopathology may identify a unique subset of individuals with BED. Additionally, individuals with BED often exhibit a clinical profile consisting of psychiatric (eg, mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulsive disorders) and medical (eg, gastrointestinal symptoms, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes) comorbidities and behavioral profiles (eg, overconsumption of calories outside of a binge eating episode and emotional eating). Future revisions of the BED diagnostic criteria should consider the inclusion of BED subtypes, perhaps based on the overvaluation of shape/weight, and an evidence-based reassessment of severity criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Leslie Citrome
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Kibitov АО, Мazo GE. [Genetic aspects of binge eating disorder Part 2. Molecular genetics and pharmacogenetic approaches]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016. [PMID: 28635745 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611681102-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk of binge eating disorder (ВЕD) is a consequence of joint participation of many genes, the contribution of each one is small, but the total (additive) effect is significant and greatly influences the age at onset, clinical dynamics and the level of treatment resistance. It is assumed that the carriers of different polymorphic variants of genes and their combinations have different levels of genetic risk. No Genom Wide Association studies of ВЕD has been performed and the analysis of the results of candidate genes studies gives reason to believe that pathogenetically substantiated panel of genes, including serotonin system, BDNF and, especially dopamine and endogenous opioid system, would be most useful, taking into account the mechanism of action of drugs for the ВЕD treatment. Genetic studies with this panel if using evidence-based design, detailed and quantitative analysis of the family history of binge eating can give good results for: 1) assessment of the genetic risk of ВЕD for primary prevention programs; 2) identification of the specific clinical forms of development and course of ВЕD with significant genetic influence; 3) identification of the specific genetic variants that increase the effectiveness of personalized pharmacotherapy of ВЕD within pharmacogenetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- А О Kibitov
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - G E Мazo
- Bekhterev St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 2.6% among U.S. adults, yet often goes unrecognized. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), BED is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating (eating in a discrete period of time an amount of food larger than most people would eat in a similar amount of time under similar circumstances and a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode), occurring on average at least once a week for 3 months, and associated with marked distress. It can affect both men and women, regardless if they are at normal weight, overweight, or obese, and regardless of their ethnic or racial group. Psychiatric comorbidities are very common, with 79% of adults with BED also experiencing anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, or substance use disorders; almost 50% of persons with BED have ≥ 3 psychiatric comorbidities. Multiple neurobiological explanations have been proffered for BED, including dysregulation in reward center and impulse control circuitry, with potentially related disturbances in dopamine neurotransmission and endogenous μ-opioid signaling. Additionally, there is interplay between genetic influences and environmental stressors. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral interventions have been recommended as first line and are supported by meta-analytic reviews. Unfortunately, routine medication treatments for anxiety and depression do not necessarily ameliorate the symptoms of BED; however, at present, there is one approved agent for the treatment of moderate to severe BED-lisdexamfetamine, a stimulant that was originally approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. Binge-eating behavior is often impulsive and is the hallmark of the two eating disorders, binge-eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN), both of which are associated with significant health impairment. Bingeing behavior is also seen in the binge purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. Individuals with AN of the binge purge subtypes, BN and BED, have been found to exhibit impulsive behaviors that are often not limited to binge eating alone. There is preliminary evidence linking ADHD to BN and to BED in both adults and children. The neurobiological mechanisms behind these associations are only beginning to emerge; however, they suggest that impulse control deficits may play a role in these eating disorders. Additionally, although they may not meet full criteria for one of these eating disorders, some adults and children with ADHD present with dysregulated, impulsive eating disorder behaviors and there is a growing association between ADHD, obesity, and binge-eating behavior in both children and adults. The relationship between ADHD and binge eating is novel, supported by growing evidence and worthy of further research. We will review the underlying neurobiological underpinnings, neuroimaging data, and possible psychopharmacological treatment options, which target both ADHD and binge-eating behaviors as well as future research and treatment directions.
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