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Struck AF, Garcia-Ramos C, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Dabbs K, Conant LL, Binder JR, Loring D, Meyerand M, Hermann BP. The relevance of Spearman's g for epilepsy. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae176. [PMID: 38883806 PMCID: PMC11179110 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst the concept of a general mental factor known as 'g' has been of longstanding interest, for unknown reasons, it has never been interrogated in epilepsy despite the 100+ year empirical history of the neuropsychology of epilepsy. This investigation seeks to identify g within a comprehensive neuropsychological data set and compare participants with temporal lobe epilepsy to controls, characterize the discriminatory power of g compared with domain-specific cognitive metrics, explore the association of g with clinical epilepsy and sociodemographic variables and identify the structural and network properties associated with g in epilepsy. Participants included 110 temporal lobe epilepsy patients and 79 healthy controls between the ages of 19 and 60. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, clinical interview and structural and functional imaging. Cognitive data were subjected to factor analysis to identify g and compare the group of patients with control participants. The relative power of g compared with domain-specific tests was interrogated, clinical and sociodemographic variables were examined for their relationship with g, and structural and functional images were assessed using traditional regional volumetrics, cortical surface features and network analytics. Findings indicate (i) significantly (P < 0.005) lower g in patients compared with controls; (ii) g is at least as powerful as individual cognitive domain-specific metrics and other analytic approaches to discriminating patients from control participants; (iii) lower g was associated with earlier age of onset and medication use, greater number of antiseizure medications and longer epilepsy duration (Ps < 0.04); and lower parental and personal education and greater neighbourhood deprivation (Ps < 0.012); and (iv) amongst patients, lower g was linked to decreased total intracranial volume (P = 0.019), age and intracranial volume adjusted total tissue volume (P = 0.019) and age and intracranial volume adjusted total corpus callosum volume (P = 0.012)-particularly posterior, mid-posterior and anterior (Ps < 0.022) regions. Cortical vertex analyses showed lower g to be associated specifically with decreased gyrification in bilateral medial orbitofrontal regions. Network analysis of resting-state data with focus on the participation coefficient showed g to be associated with the superior parietal network. Spearman's g is reduced in patients, has considerable discriminatory power compared with domain-specific metrics and is linked to a multiplex of factors related to brain (size, connectivity and frontoparietal networks), environment (familial and personal education and neighbourhood disadvantage) and disease (epilepsy onset, treatment and duration). Greater attention to contemporary models of human cognition is warranted in order to advance the neuropsychology of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Neurology, William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Camille Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kevin Dabbs
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David Loring
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mary Meyerand
- Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Stanford W, Mucha PJ, Dayan E. Age-related differences in network controllability are mitigated by redundancy in large-scale brain networks. Commun Biol 2024; 7:701. [PMID: 38849512 PMCID: PMC11161655 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes major changes in its topology. The mechanisms by which the brain mitigates age-associated changes in topology to maintain robust control of brain networks are unknown. Here we use diffusion MRI data from cognitively intact participants (n = 480, ages 40-90) to study age-associated differences in the average controllability of structural brain networks, topological features that could mitigate these differences, and the overall effect on cognitive function. We find age-associated declines in average controllability in control hubs and large-scale networks, particularly within the frontoparietal control and default mode networks. Further, we find that redundancy, a hypothesized mechanism of reserve, quantified via the assessment of multi-step paths within networks, mitigates the effects of topological differences on average network controllability. Lastly, we discover that average network controllability, redundancy, and grey matter volume, each uniquely contribute to predictive models of cognitive function. In sum, our results highlight the importance of redundancy for robust control of brain networks and in cognitive function in healthy-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stanford
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eran Dayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Kannan L, Pitts J, Szturm T, Purohit R, Bhatt T. Perturbation-based dual task assessment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1384582. [PMID: 38813371 PMCID: PMC11133526 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1384582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background Dual tasking (i.e., concurrent performance of motor and cognitive task) is significantly impaired in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) compared to cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) and has been associated with increased fall risk. Dual task studies have primarily examined volitionally driven events, and the effects of mild cognitive impairment on reactive balance control (i.e., the ability to recover from unexpected balance threats) are unexplored. We examined the effect of cognitive tasks on reactive balance control in OAwMCI compared to CIOA. Methods Adults >55 years were included and completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to categorize them as OAwMCI (MoCA: 18-24, n = 15) or CIOA (MoCA: ≥25, n = 15). Both OAwMCI [MoCA: 22.4 (2.2), 65.4 (6.1) years, 3 females] and CIOA [MoCA: 28.4 (1.3), 68.2 (5.5) years, 10 females] responded to large magnitude stance slip-like perturbations alone (single task) and while performing perceptual cognitive tasks targeting the visuomotor domain (target and tracking game). In these tasks, participants rotated their head horizontally to control a motion mouse and catch a falling target (target game) or track a moving object (track). Margin of stability (MOS) and fall outcome (harness load cell >30% body weight) were used to quantify reactive balance control. Cognitive performance was determined using performance error (target) and sum of errors (tracking). A 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA examined the effect of group and task on MOS, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to determine changes in fall outcome between groups and tasks. 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs examined the effect of group and task on cognitive performance. Results Compared to CIOA, OAwMCI exhibited significantly deteriorated MOS and greater number of falls during both single task and dual task (p < 0.05), and lower dual task tracking performance (p < 0.01). Compared to single task, both OAwMCI and CIOA exhibited significantly deteriorated perceptual cognitive performance during dual task (p < 0.05); however, no change in MOS or fall outcome between single task and dual task was observed. Conclusion Cognitive impairment may diminish the ability to compensate and provide attentional resources demanded by sensory systems to integrate perturbation specific information, resulting in deteriorated ability to recover balance control among OAwMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kannan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Pitts
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tony Szturm
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rudri Purohit
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Karr JE, Rivera Mindt M, Iverson GL. Interpreting reliable change on the Spanish-language NIH toolbox cognition battery. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:229-237. [PMID: 34904490 PMCID: PMC9976799 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study applied a reliable change methodology to the test-retest data from the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) normative sample. Participants included Spanish-speaking adults (n = 48; 54.2% women, 100% Latinx) evaluated twice within one to two weeks on the Spanish-language NIHTB-CB, consisting of two crystallized and five fluid cognitive tests. Test-retest means, standard deviations, and intraclass correlations were used to calculate upper and lower bounds of 70, 80, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) around change scores, with these bounds used as cutoffs for inferring reliable change. Cutoffs were calculated for raw scores, age-adjusted standard scores (SS; M = 100, SD = 15), and demographic-adjusted T-scores (T; M = 50, SD = 10), adjusting for age, gender, and education. Test-retest change scores on the Spanish-language NIHTB-CB exceeding the following cutoffs indicate reliable change based on an 80% CI (i.e., values exceeding these cutoffs indicate greater decline or greater improvement than 90% of the sample): Dimensional Change Card Sort (SS ≥ 15/T ≥ 11), Flanker (SS ≥ 13/T ≥ 10), List Sorting (SS ≥ 13/T ≥ 9), Picture Sequence Memory (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 9), Pattern Comparison (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 10), Picture Vocabulary (SS ≥ 8/T ≥ 6), Oral Reading (SS ≥ 7/T ≥ 5), Fluid Cognition Composite (SS ≥ 12/T ≥ 9), Crystallized Cognition Composite (SS ≥ 6/T ≥ 5), and Total Cognition Composite (SS ≥ 8/T ≥ 7). These cutoffs are one of few resources to interpret cognitive change at retest among Spanish-speaking patients and participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology and Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding Research Institute, and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Coccaro A, Banich M, Mammarella IC, Liotti M. Estimating the prevalence of Non-Verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) from the ABCD sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8212. [PMID: 38589467 PMCID: PMC11001940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-Verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in processing visuospatial information but with age-appropriate verbal skills. This cognitive profile has been hypothesized to be associated with atypical white matter, but at the present there is a lack of evidence for this hypothesis. Currently, the condition is not characterized within the main diagnostic systems, in part because no clear set of criteria for characterizing the disorder exists. This report is the first attempt to estimate NVLD prevalence, using two sets of diagnostic criteria, in a large sample of over 11,000 children who were selected without regards to problems of specific nature, either psychological, neurological, physical and/or social. Furthermore, it examined the association between the profile of cognitive abilities and aspects of whole-brain white matter measures in children with and without symptoms associated with NVLD. Participants were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a 10-year longitudinal study of 11,876 children in the U.S. The data used in the present study were drawn from the initial testing point at which the children were 9-10 years old. Prevalence of NVLD based on two distinct sets of criteria, correlations between the measures used to create the criteria, correlations between criteria measures and measures of white matter integrity. The cognitive criteria included measures of visuospatial processing, reading, intelligence and social skills. By varying the cut-offs applied to social skills in conjunction with visuo-spatial difficulties, spared reading skills and intelligence scores, we calculated prevalence for two NVLD groups. White matter characteristics were measures of volume, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Based on the criteria used, the estimated prevalence of NVLD varied from 1 to 8%. Furthermore, children with NVLD showed a dissociation between measures of visuo-spatial processing not observed in non-NVLD children. At the neurological level, findings provide preliminary evidence of associations between the cognitive profile of NVLD and abnormalities in white matters tracts. The present study documents that exists, within this large non-selected sample, a proportion of youth who show evidence of NVLD. Given those results, it appears essential to establish the best diagnostic criteria, to improve the treatment options and quality of life for children with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Coccaro
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
| | - Marie Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Irene C Mammarella
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Liotti
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Rosa MJ, Armendáriz-Arnez C, Gudayol-Ferré E, Prehn M, Fuhrimann S, Eskenazi B, Lindh CH, Mora AM. Association of pesticide exposure with neurobehavioral outcomes among avocado farmworkers in Mexico. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114322. [PMID: 38219443 PMCID: PMC10956701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To date, few studies have focused on the health effects of pesticide exposure among avocado farmworkers. We examined the association of exposure to insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides with cognitive and mental health outcomes among these avocado workers from Michoacan, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 avocado farmworkers between May and August 2021. We collected data on self-reported pesticide use during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey and estimated annual exposure-intensity scores (EIS) using a semi-quantitative exposure algorithm. We calculated specific gravity adjusted average concentrations of 12 insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide metabolites measured in urine samples collected during two study visits (8-10 weeks apart). We assessed participants' cognitive function and psychological distress using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), respectively. We examined individual associations of EIS and urinary pesticide metabolites with neurobehavioral outcomes using generalized linear regression models. We also implemented Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) regression to evaluate the association between a pesticide metabolite mixture and neurobehavioral outcomes. RESULTS In individual models, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, higher concentrations of hydroxy-tebuconazole (OH-TEB, metabolite of fungicide tebuconazole) were associated with higher anxiety (IRR per two-fold increase in concentrations = 1.26, 95% CI:1.08, 1.48) and Global Severity Index (GSI) (IRR = 1.89, 95% CI:1.36, 2.75) scores, whereas higher concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) were associated with lower GSI scores (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.85). In BWQS analyses, we found evidence of a mixture association of urinary pesticide metabolites with higher anxiety (IRR = 1.72, 95% CrI: 1.12, 2.55), depression (IRR = 4.60, 95% CrI: 2.19, 9.43), and GSI (IRR = 1.99, 95% CrI: 1.39, 2.79) scores. OH-TEB and hydroxy-thiabendazole (metabolite of fungicide thiabendazole) combined contributed 54%, 40%, and 54% to the mixture effect in the anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and overall psychological distress models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that exposure to tebuconazole and thiabendazole, fungicides whose effects have been rarely studied in humans, may be associated with increased psychological distress among avocado farmworkers. We also observed that exposure to chlorpyrifos may be associated with decreased psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Cynthia Armendáriz-Arnez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Manuela Prehn
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Willbrand EH, Jackson S, Chen S, Hathaway CB, Voorhies WI, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Sulcal variability in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex contributes to variability in reasoning performance among young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:387-402. [PMID: 38184493 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Identifying structure-function correspondences is a major goal among biologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and brain mappers. Recent studies have identified relationships between performance on cognitive tasks and the presence or absence of small, shallow indentations, or sulci, of the human brain. Building on the previous finding that the presence of the ventral para-intermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs-v) in the left anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (aLPFC) was related to reasoning task performance in children and adolescents, we tested whether this relationship extended to a different sample, age group, and reasoning task. As predicted, the presence of this aLPFC sulcus was also associated with higher reasoning scores in young adults (ages 22-36). These findings have not only direct developmental, but also evolutionary relevance-as recent work shows that the pimfs-v is exceedingly rare in chimpanzees. Thus, the pimfs-v is a key developmental, cognitive, and evolutionarily relevant feature that should be considered in future studies examining how the complex relationships among multiscale anatomical and functional features of the brain give rise to abstract thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Jackson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Szeshuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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8
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Amin RM, Phillips JJ, Humbert AT, Cholerton BA, Short VD, Smith MJ, Zabetian CP, Mata IF, Kelly VE. Associations between baseline cognitive status and motor outcomes after treadmill training in people with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1082-1091. [PMID: 37010072 PMCID: PMC10545807 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2189318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of baseline cognition on gait outcomes after a treadmill training program for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This pilot clinical trial involved people with PD who were classified as having no cognitive impairment (PD-NCI) or mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Baseline executive function and memory were assessed. The intervention was a 10-week gait training program (twice-weekly treadmill sessions), with structured speed and distance progression and verbal cues for gait quality. Response to intervention was assessed by gait speed measured after week 2 (short-term) and week 10 (long-term). RESULTS Participants (n = 19; 12 PD-NCI, 7 PD-MCI) had a mean (standard deviation) age of 66.5 (6.3) years, disease duration of 8.8 (6.3) years, and MDS-UPDRS III score of 21.3 (10.7). Gait speed increased at short-term and long-term assessments. The response did not differ between PD-NCI and PD-MCI groups; however, better baseline memory performance and milder PD motor severity were independently associated with greater improvements in gait speed in unadjusted and adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that memory impairments and more severe motor involvement can influence the response to gait rehabilitation in PD and highlight the need for treatments optimized for people with greater cognitive and motor impairment.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) could impact motor learning and gait rehabilitation, yet little is known about the effects of cognitive impairments on the response to rehabilitation in people with PD.This study demonstrates that the response to gait rehabilitation did not differ between people with PD who had no cognitive impairment and those with mild cognitive impairment.Across all participants, better baseline memory was associated with greater improvements in gait speed.Rehabilitation professionals should be mindful of PD severity, as those with more substantial memory and motor impairments may require additional dosing or support to maximize gait training benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raima M. Amin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T. Humbert
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenna A. Cholerton
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valerie D. Short
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa J. Smith
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie E. Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Karr JE, Ingram EO, Pinheiro CN, Ali S, Iverson GL. Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae011. [PMID: 38402512 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers and practitioners can detect cognitive improvement or decline within a single examinee by applying a reliable change methodology. This study examined reliable change through test-retest data from the English-language National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) normative sample. METHOD Participants included adults (n = 138; age: M ± SD = 54.8 ± 20.0, range: 18-85; 51.4% men; 68.1% White) who completed test-retest assessments about a week apart on five fluid cognition tests, providing raw scores, age-adjusted standard scores (SS), and demographic-adjusted T-scores (T). RESULTS The Fluid Cognition Composite (SS: ICC = 0.87; T-score: ICC = 0.84) and the five fluid cognition tests had good test-retest reliability (SS: ICC range = 0.66-0.85; T-score: ICC range = 0.64-0.86). The lower and upper bounds of 70%, 80%, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated around change scores, which serve as cutoffs for determining reliable change. Using T-scores, 90% CI, and adjustment for practice effects, 32.3% declined on one or more tests, 9.7% declined on two or more tests, 36.6% improved on one or more tests, and 5.4% improved on two or more tests. CONCLUSIONS It was common for participants to show reliable change on at least one test score, but not two or more test scores. Per an 80% CI, test-retest difference scores beyond these cutoffs would indicate reliable change: Dimensional Change Card Sort (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 10), Flanker (SS ≥ 12/T ≥ 8), List Sorting (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 10), Picture Sequence Memory (SS ≥ 19/T ≥ 13), Pattern Comparison (SS ≥ 11/T ≥ 8), and Fluid Cognition Composite (SS ≥ 10/T ≥ 7). The reliable change cutoffs could be applied in research or practice to detect within-person change in fluid cognition at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric O Ingram
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cristina N Pinheiro
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sheliza Ali
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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10
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Karr JE, Pinheiro CN, Harp JP. Performance Validity Testing on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: Base Rates of Failed Embedded Validity Indicators in the Adult Normative Sample. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:204-213. [PMID: 37718664 PMCID: PMC10879920 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the base rates of failing proposed embedded validity indicators (EVIs) for the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in the normative sample. METHOD Participants included adults in the NIHTB-CB normative sample with data to calculate age-adjusted standard scores (n = 855; ages: M(SD) = 46.9(17.3), range: 18-85; 65.0% women; education: M(SD) = 14.1(2.5) years) or demographically adjusted T-scores (n = 803; ages: M(SD) = 47.3(17.3), range: 18-85; 65.3% women; education: M(SD) = 14.2(2.5) years) for all tests. The NIHTB-CB includes two tests of crystallized cognition and five tests of fluid cognition. Individual norm-referenced test performances were categorized as falling above or below liberal and conservative cutoffs based on proposed univariate EVIs. The number of univariate EVI failures was summed to compute multivariable EVIs. EVI failure rates above 10% were considered high false-positive rates, indicating specificity < .90. Using chi-square analyses, the frequencies of EVI failures were compared based on gender, race/ethnicity, education, and crystallized composite. RESULTS The multivariable EVIs had predominantly low false-positive rates in the normative sample. EVI failure rates were most common among participants with low crystallized composites. Using age-adjusted standard scores, EVI failure rates varied by education, race/ethnicity, and estimated premorbid intelligence. These differences were mostly eliminated when using demographically adjusted T-scores. CONCLUSIONS Multivariable EVIs requiring ≥ 4 failures using liberal cutoffs or ≥ 3 failures using conservative cutoffs had acceptable false-positive rates (i.e., < 10%) using both age-adjusted standard scores and demographically adjusted T-scores. These multivariable EVIs could be applied to large data sets with NIHTB-CB data to screen for potentially invalid test performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cristina N Pinheiro
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jordan P Harp
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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11
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Ho BD, Gullett JM, Anton S, Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Rundek T, Levin B, Visscher K, Woods AJ, Cohen RA. Associations between physical exercise type, fluid intelligence, executive function, and processing speed in the oldest-old (85 +). GeroScience 2024; 46:491-503. [PMID: 37523033 PMCID: PMC10828155 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much is known about the effects of physical exercise in adult humans, literature on the oldest-old (≥ 85 years old) is sparse. The present study explored the relationship between self-reported engagement in physical exercise and cognition in the oldest-old. METHODS The sample included 184 cognitively healthy participants (98 females, MoCA mean score = 24.81) aged 85 to 99 years old (mean = 88.49 years). Participants completed the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire and a cognitive battery including NIH-TB, Coding, Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop task. Three groups of participants - sedentary (n = 58; MoCA mean score = 24; 36 females; mean age = 89.03), cardio (n = 60; MoCA mean score = 25.08; 29 females; mean age = 88.62), and cardio + strength training (n = 66; MoCA mean score = 25.28; 33 females; mean age = 87.91) - were derived from responses on CHAMPS. RESULTS Analyses controlled for years of education, NIH-TB Crystallized Composite, and metabolic equivalent of tasks. The cardio + strength training group had the highest cognitive performances overall and scored significantly better on Coding (p < 0.001) and Symbol Search (p < 0.05) compared to the sedentary group. The cardio + strength training group scored significantly better on Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop Color-Word compared to the cardio group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest self-reported exercise in the oldest-old is linked to better performance on cognitive measures of processing speed and executive functioning, and that there may be a synergistic effect of combining aerobic and resistance training on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Duy Ho
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Joseph M Gullett
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Anton
- Institute On Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Visscher
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Munsell EGS, Bui Q, Kaufman KJ, Tomazin SE, Regan BA, Lenze EJ, Lee JM, Mohr DC, Fong MWM, Metts CL, Pham V, Wong AWK. Intraindividual variability in post-stroke cognition and its relationship with activities of daily living and social functioning: an ecological momentary assessment approach. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38278142 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2307203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodological approach to studying intraindividual variation over time. This study aimed to use EMA to determine the variability of cognition in individuals with chronic stroke, identify the latent classes of cognitive variability, and examine any differences in daily activities, social functioning, and neuropsychological performance between these latent classes. METHODS Participants (N = 202) with mild-to-moderate stroke and over 3-month post-stroke completed a study protocol, including smartphone-based EMA and two lab visits. Participants responded to five EMA surveys daily for 14 days to assess cognition. They completed patient-reported measures and neuropsychological assessments during lab visits. Using latent class analysis, we derived four indicators to quantify cognitive variability and identified latent classes among participants. We used ANOVA and Chi-square to test differences between these latent classes in daily activities, social functioning, and neuropsychological performance. RESULTS The latent class analysis converged on a three-class model. The moderate and high variability classes demonstrated significantly greater problems in daily activities and social functioning than the low class. They had significantly higher proportions of participants with problems in daily activities and social functioning than the low class. Neuropsychological performance was not statistically different between the three classes, although a trend approaching statistically significant difference was observed in working memory and executive function domains. DISCUSSION EMA could capture intraindividual cognitive variability in stroke survivors. It offers a new approach to understanding the impact and mechanism of post-stroke cognitive problems in daily life and identifying individuals benefiting from self-regulation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G S Munsell
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Education in Health Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quoc Bui
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine J Kaufman
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie E Tomazin
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bridget A Regan
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christopher L Metts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vy Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex W K Wong
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Garcia S, Askew RL, Kavcic V, Shair S, Bhaumik AK, Rose E, Campbell S, May N, Hampstead BM, Dodge HH, Heidebrink JL, Paulson HL, Giordani B. Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtype Performance in Comparison to Healthy Older Controls on the NIH Toolbox and Cogstate. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:328-334. [PMID: 37862614 PMCID: PMC10873007 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection is necessary for the treatment of dementia. Computerized testing has become more widely used in clinical trials; however, it is unclear how sensitive these measures are to early signs of neurodegeneration. We investigated the use of the NIH Toolbox-Cognition (NIHTB-CB) and Cogstate-Brief computerized neuropsychological batteries in the identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus healthy older adults [healthy control (HC)] and amnestic (aMCI) versus nonamnestic MCI (naMCI). Exploratory analyses include investigating potential racial differences. METHODS Two hundred six older adults were diagnosed as aMCI (n = 58), naMCI (n = 15), or cognitively healthy (HC; n = 133). RESULTS The NIH Toolbox-CB subtests of Flanker, Picture Sequence Memory, and Picture Vocabulary significantly differentiated MCI from HC. Further, subtests from both computerized batteries differentiated patients with aMCI from those with naMCI. Although the main effect of race differences was noted on tests and in diagnostic groups was significant, there were no significant race-by-test interactions. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based subtests vary in their ability to help distinguish MCI subtypes, though these tests provide less expensive and easier-to-administer clinical screeners to help identify patients early who may qualify for more comprehensive evaluations. Further work is needed, however, to refine computerized tests to achieve better precision in distinguishing impairment subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Garcia
- Psychology Department, Stetson University, DeLand, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Shair
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arijit K Bhaumik
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edna Rose
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolas May
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Hampstead
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Judith L Heidebrink
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Amadon GK, Goeckner BD, Brett BL, Meier TB. Comparison of Various Metrics of Repetitive Head Impact Exposure And Their Associations With Neurocognition in Collegiate-Aged Athletes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:714-723. [PMID: 36617242 PMCID: PMC10369361 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize the levels of various metrics of repetitive head impacts (RHI) in contact (CS) and non-contact (NCS) sport athletes and determine the extent to which they are associated with fluid cognition. METHODS Collegiate-aged athletes (n = 176) completed semi-structured interviews about participation in contact sport. RHI was operationalized based on current sport (CS/NCS), the cumulative number of years of participation, age at first exposure (AFE), and based on recently proposed traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) categories. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery assessed fluid cognition. General linear models compared RHI metrics between CS and NCS athletes and tested associations of RHI measures with fluid cognition. RESULTS CS athletes had more years of RHI exposure, higher rates of "extensive" exposure based on TES criteria, and were more likely to have AFE before age 12 relative to NCS (ps < .001). A subset of NCS athletes, however, reported prior RHI at levels categorized as being "extensive" based on TES criteria (5%), while a larger minority had AFE before 12 (34%). No adverse associations of RHI and fluid cognition were observed (ps > .05). Across all RHI metrics, more or earlier RHI was associated with better episodic memory (ps ≤ .05). Secondary analyses showed this effect was driven by women. CONCLUSIONS Current results find no evidence that RHI in collegiate-aged athletes is associated with worse neurocognition. Although there was extensive overlap among RHI measures, results demonstrate that categorizing athletes based on their current sport undercounts the lifetime RHI exposure in many NCS athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace K Amadon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bryna D Goeckner
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Brett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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15
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Garcia-Ramos C, Adluru N, Chu DY, Nair V, Adluru A, Nencka A, Maganti R, Mathis J, Conant LL, Alexander AL, Prabhakaran V, Binder JR, Meyerand ME, Hermann B, Struck AF. Multi-shell connectome DWI-based graph theory measures for the prediction of temporal lobe epilepsy and cognition. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8056-8065. [PMID: 37067514 PMCID: PMC10267614 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome that empirically represents a network disorder, which makes graph theory (GT) a practical approach to understand it. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained from 89 TLE and 50 controls. GT measures extracted from harmonized DWI matrices were used as factors in a support vector machine (SVM) analysis to discriminate between groups, and in a k-means algorithm to find intrinsic structural phenotypes within TLE. SVM was able to predict group membership (mean accuracy = 0.70, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.747, Brier score (BS) = 0.264) using 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, k-means clustering identified 2 TLE clusters: 1 similar to controls, and 1 dissimilar. Clusters were significantly different in their distribution of cognitive phenotypes, with the Dissimilar cluster containing the majority of TLE with cognitive impairment (χ2 = 6.641, P = 0.036). In addition, cluster membership showed significant correlations between GT measures and clinical variables. Given that SVM classification seemed driven by the Dissimilar cluster, SVM analysis was repeated to classify Dissimilar versus Similar + Controls with a mean accuracy of 0.91 (AUC = 0.957, BS = 0.189). Altogether, the pattern of results shows that GT measures based on connectome DWI could be significant factors in the search for clinical and neurobehavioral biomarkers in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Daniel Y Chu
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Veena Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Anusha Adluru
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Andrew Nencka
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Rama Maganti
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States
| | - Jedidiah Mathis
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Rm 1005, Madison, WI 53705-2275, United States
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Mary E Meyerand
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Rm 1005, Madison, WI 53705-2275, United States
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2281, United States
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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Conley MI, Hernandez J, Salvati JM, Gee DG, Baskin-Sommers A. The role of perceived threats on mental health, social, and neurocognitive youth outcomes: A multicontextual, person-centered approach. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:689-710. [PMID: 35232507 PMCID: PMC9437149 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100184x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perceived threat in youth's environments can elevate risk for mental health, social, and neurocognitive difficulties throughout the lifespan. However, few studies examine variability in youth's perceptions of threat across multiple contexts or evaluate outcomes across multiple domains, ultimately limiting our understanding of specific risks associated with perceived threats in different contexts. This study examined associations between perceived threat in youth's neighborhood, school, and family contexts at ages 9-10 and mental health, social, and neurocognitive outcomes at ages 11-12 within a large US cohort (N = 5525) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles: Low Threat in all contexts, Elevated Family Threat, Elevated Neighborhood Threat, and Elevated Threat in all contexts. Mixed-effect models and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that youth in Elevated Threat profile had poorer mental health and social outcomes 2 years later. Youth in the Elevated Family Threat profile uniquely showed increased disruptive behavior symptoms, whereas youth in the Elevated Neighborhood Threat profile predominantly displayed increased sleep problems and worse neurocognitive outcomes 2 years later. Together, findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of threat across multiple contexts to achieve a more nuanced developmental picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- May I. Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | | | - Joeann M. Salvati
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
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Stanford W, Mucha PJ, Dayan E. Age-related changes in network controllability are mitigated by redundancy in large-scale brain networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.528999. [PMID: 36824776 PMCID: PMC9949152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes major changes in its topology. The mechanisms by which the brain mitigates age-associated changes in topology to maintain robust control of brain networks are unknown. Here we used diffusion MRI data from cognitively intact participants (n=480, ages 40-90) to study age-associated changes in the controllability of structural brain networks, features that could mitigate these changes, and the overall effect on cognitive function. We found age-associated declines in controllability in control hubs and large-scale networks, particularly within the and frontoparietal control and default mode networks. Redundancy, quantified via the assessment of multi-step paths within networks, mitigated the effects of changes in topology on network controllability. Lastly, network controllability, redundancy, and grey matter volume each played important complementary roles in cognitive function. In sum, our results highlight the importance of redundancy for robust control of brain networks and in cognitive function in healthy-aging.
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18
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Leung T, Paulson S, Gills JL, Jones MD, Madero EN, Myers J, Glenn JM, Gray M. A Novel Digital Digit-Symbol Substitution Test Measuring Processing Speed in Adults At Risk for Alzheimer Disease: Validation Study. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e36663. [PMID: 36705951 PMCID: PMC9919459 DOI: 10.2196/36663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing cognitive constructs affected by Alzheimer disease, such as processing speed (PS), is important to screen for potential disease and allow for early detection. Digital PS assessments have been developed to provide widespread, efficient cognitive testing, but all have been validated only based on the correlation between test scores. Best statistical practices dictate that concurrent validity should be assessed for agreement or equivalence rather than using correlation alone. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of a novel digital PS assessment against a gold-standard measure of PS. METHODS Adults aged 45-75 years (n=191) participated in this study. Participants completed the novel digital digit-symbol substitution test (DDSST) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status coding test (RBANS-C). The correlation between the test scores was determined using a Pearson product-moment correlation, and a difference in mean test scores between tests was checked for using a 2-tailed dependent samples t test. Data were analyzed for agreement between the 2 tests using Bland-Altman limits of agreement and equivalency using a two one-sided t tests (TOST) approach. RESULTS A significant moderate, positive correlation was found between DDSST and RBANS-C scores (r=.577; P<.001), and no difference in mean scores was detected between the tests (P=.93). Bias was nearly zero (0.04). Scores between the tests were found to display adequate agreement with 90% of score differences falling between -22.66 and 22.75 (90% limits of agreement=-22.91 to 22.99), and the scores were equivalent (P=.049). CONCLUSIONS Analyses indicate that the DDSST is a valid digital assessment of PS. The DDSST appears to be a suitable option for widespread, immediate, and efficient PS testing. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04559789; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04559789.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Paulson
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Josh L Gills
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Megan D Jones
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Erica N Madero
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Myers
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Gray
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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19
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Walker WC, O'Neil ME, Ou Z, Pogoda TK, Belanger HG, Scheibel RS, Presson AP, Miles SR, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Troyanskaya M, Pugh MJ, Jak A, Cifu DX. Can mild traumatic brain injury alter cognition chronically? A LIMBIC-CENC multicenter study. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:1-19. [PMID: 36174184 PMCID: PMC10117581 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While outcome from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is generally favorable, concern remains over potential negative long-term effects, including impaired cognition. This study examined the link between cognitive performance and remote mTBIs within the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC) multicenter, observational study of Veterans and service members (SMs) with combat exposure. METHOD Baseline data of the participants passing all cognitive performance validity tests (n = 1,310) were used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Using multivariable regression models that adjusted for covariates, including age and estimated preexposure intellectual function, positive mTBI history groups, 1-2 lifetime mTBIs (nonrepetitive, n = 614), and 3 + lifetime mTBIs (repetitive; n = 440) were compared to TBI negative controls (n = 256) on each of the seven cognitive domains computed by averaging Z scores of prespecified component tests. Significance levels were adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Neither of the mTBI positive groups differed from the mTBI negative control group on any of the cognitive domains in multivariable analyses. Findings were also consistently negative across sensitivity analyses (e.g., mTBIs as a continuous variable, number of blast-related mTBIs, or years since the first and last mTBI). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the average veteran or SM who experienced one or more mTBIs does not have postacute objective cognitive deficits due to mTBIs alone. A holistic health care approach including comorbidity assessment is indicated for patients reporting chronic cognitive difficulties after mTBI(s), and strategies for addressing misattribution may be beneficial. Future study is recommended with longitudinal designs to assess within-subjects decline from potential neurodegeneration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Terri K Pogoda
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David F Tate
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Mary Jo Pugh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System
| | - Amy Jak
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - David X Cifu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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20
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Lau SCL, Connor LT, Baum CM. Subjective and objective assessments are associated for physical function but not cognitive function in community-dwelling stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:8349-8356. [PMID: 34904503 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2012845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relation between subjectively and objectively assessed cognitive and physical functioning among community-dwelling stroke survivors, and to examine the association of stroke severity with subjectively and objectively assessed cognitive and physical impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted with 127 community-dwelling stroke survivors. For cognitive functioning, objective measures included the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and the Executive Function Performance Test; subjective measures included the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Applied Cognition. Objective and subjective physical functioning was measured by the NIH Toolbox 2-Minute Walk Test and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, respectively. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between subjective and objective physical functioning, whereas the correlation between subjective and objective cognitive functioning was nonsignificant. Stroke severity was associated with objective cognitive impairment and objective and subjective physical impairment, but not subjective cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The lack of association between objective and subjective cognitive functioning challenges the conventional assumption that perceived functioning reflects actual performance. We recommend using both objective and subjective measures to accurately identify cognitive and physical impairment following stroke.Implications for RehabilitationSubjective cognitive functioning is not associated with objective cognitive functioning, suggesting that solely relying on stroke patients' reports is inadequate and may inaccurately estimate patients' actual deficits.Both objective and subjective measures should be used to accurately identify cognitive and physical impairment following stroke.Practitioners should be cognizant of stroke patients' behavioral signs associated with underlying cognitive problems that warrant further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C L Lau
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Tabor Connor
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn M Baum
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Tillem S, Conley MI, Baskin-Sommers A. Conduct disorder symptomatology is associated with an altered functional connectome in a large national youth sample. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1573-1584. [PMID: 33851904 PMCID: PMC8753609 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD), characterized by youth antisocial behavior, is associated with a variety of neurocognitive impairments. However, questions remain regarding the neural underpinnings of these impairments. To investigate novel neural mechanisms that may support these neurocognitive abnormalities, the present study applied a graph analysis to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from a national sample of 4,781 youth, ages 9-10, who participated in the baseline session of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Analyses were then conducted to examine the relationships among levels of CD symptomatology, metrics of global topology, node-level metrics for subcortical structures, and performance on neurocognitive assessments. Youth higher on CD displayed higher global clustering (β = .039, 95% CIcorrected [.0027 .0771]), but lower Degreesubcortical (β = -.052, 95% CIcorrected [-.0916 -.0152]). Youth higher on CD had worse performance on a general neurocognitive assessment (β = -.104, 95% CI [-.1328 -.0763]) and an emotion recognition memory assessment (β = -.061, 95% CI [-.0919 -.0290]). Finally, global clustering mediated the relationship between CD and general neurocognitive functioning (indirect β = -.002, 95% CI [-.0044 -.0002]), and Degreesubcortical mediated the relationship between CD and emotion recognition memory performance (indirect β = -.002, 95% CI [-.0046 -.0005]). CD appears associated with neuro-topological abnormalities and these abnormalities may represent neural mechanisms supporting CD-related neurocognitive disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Tillem
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - May I Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Garcia-Ramos C, Nair V, Maganti R, Mathis J, Conant LL, Prabhakaran V, Binder JR, Meyerand B, Hermann B, Struck AF. Network phenotypes and their clinical significance in temporal lobe epilepsy using machine learning applications to morphological and functional graph theory metrics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14407. [PMID: 36002603 PMCID: PMC9402557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning analyses were performed on graph theory (GT) metrics extracted from brain functional and morphological data from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients in order to identify intrinsic network phenotypes and characterize their clinical significance. Participants were 97 TLE and 36 healthy controls from the Epilepsy Connectome Project. Each imaging modality (i.e., Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI), and structural MRI) rendered 2 clusters: one comparable to controls and one deviating from controls. Participants were minimally overlapping across the identified clusters, suggesting that an abnormal functional GT phenotype did not necessarily mean an abnormal morphological GT phenotype for the same subject. Morphological clusters were associated with a significant difference in the estimated lifetime number of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and functional cluster membership was associated with age. Furthermore, controls exhibited significant correlations between functional GT metrics and cognition, while for TLE participants morphological GT metrics were linked to cognition, suggesting a dissociation between higher cognitive abilities and GT-derived network measures. Overall, these findings demonstrate the existence of clinically meaningful minimally overlapping phenotypes of morphological and functional GT networks. Functional network properties may underlie variance in cognition in healthy brains, but in the pathological state of epilepsy the cognitive limits might be primarily related to structural cerebral network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Garcia-Ramos
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Veena Nair
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jedidiah Mathis
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Lisa L. Conant
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Binder
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Beth Meyerand
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Aaron F. Struck
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA ,grid.417123.20000 0004 0420 6882William S Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI USA
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23
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Ott LR, Schantell M, Willett MP, Johnson HJ, Eastman JA, Okelberry HJ, Wilson TW, Taylor BK, May PE. Construct validity of the NIH toolbox cognitive domains: A comparison with conventional neuropsychological assessments. Neuropsychology 2022; 36:468-481. [PMID: 35482626 PMCID: PMC10468104 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have assessed the construct validity of individual subtests in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB), though none have examined the construct validity of the cognitive domains. Importantly, the original NIHTB-CB validation studies were administered on a desktop computer, though the NIHTB-CB is now solely administered via an iPad. We examined the construct validity of each cognitive domain assessed in the NIHTB-CB, including a motor dexterity domain using the iPad application compared to a neuropsychological battery in a sample of healthy adults. METHOD Eighty-three adults aged 20-66 years (M = 44.35 ± 13.41 years) completed the NIHTB-CB and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Domain scores for each of six cognitive domains (attention and executive function, episodic memory, working memory, processing speed, language, and motor dexterity) and the fluid composite were computed for both batteries. We then assessed the construct validity using Pearson correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for both demographically corrected and uncorrected domains. RESULTS We found the attention and executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed domains had poor-to-adequate construct validity (ICCConsistency = -0.029 to 0.517), the working memory and motor dexterity domains and the fluid composite had poor-to-good construct validity (ICCConsistency = 0.215-0.801), and the language domain had adequate-to-good construct validity (ICCConsistency = 0.408-0.829). CONCLUSION The NIHTB-CB cognitive domains have poor-to-good construct validity, thus researchers should be aware that some tests representing cognitive constructs may not fully reflect the cognitive domain of interest. Future investigation of the construct validity and reliability of the NIHTB-CB administered using the iPad is recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE USA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Jacob A. Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE USA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE USA
| | - Pamela E. May
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE USA
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24
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Karr JE, Rivera Mindt M, Iverson GL. Algorithms for Operationalizing Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1608-1618. [PMID: 35739338 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychologists would benefit from flexible methods for operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking examinees that vary in association with intelligence, education, and sociocultural characteristics. The current study combined low and high score base rates (BRs) for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to identify score combinations that are uncommon within different stratifications of the normative sample and may indicate cognitive impairment. METHOD The Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample included 250 healthy Latinx adults with complete data on two crystallized and five fluid cognitive tests (M = 38.8 ± 13.7 years old, 72.0% women). Test performances were converted into age-adjusted and demographically adjusted normed scores, adjusting for age, gender, and education. The frequencies at which participants obtained one or more low scores or few to no high scores on fluid cognitive tests were combined into algorithms that occurred at BRs approximately 1 SD (~16%) or 1.5 SDs (~7%) below the mean. RESULTS Algorithms are provided for age-adjusted and demographically adjusted scores, with BRs stratified by crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics. Using demographically adjusted norms, the BR of obtaining any one of the following, 5 scores <50th, 4+ scores ≤25th, 3+ scores ≤16th, or 2+ scores ≤9th percentile, approximates 1 SD below the mean in participants born (BR = 16.2%) or educated abroad (BR = 18.6%), who are monolingual Spanish speakers (BR = 16.4%) or who reside in low-income households (BR = 13.6%). CONCLUSIONS These algorithms offer a flexible approach to operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment, through which different definitions can be applied to different examinees based on varying crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology, Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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25
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The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control dataset, a theoretically-guided within-subject task fMRI battery. Sci Data 2022; 9:114. [PMID: 35351911 PMCID: PMC8964804 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is a critical higher mental function, which is subject to considerable individual variation, and is impaired in a range of mental health disorders. We describe here the initial release of Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) project data, the DMCC55B dataset, with 55 healthy unrelated young adult participants. Each participant performed four well-established cognitive control tasks (AX-CPT, Cued Task-Switching, Sternberg Working Memory, and Stroop) while undergoing functional MRI scanning. The dataset includes a range of state and trait self-report questionnaires, as well as behavioural tasks assessing individual differences in cognitive ability. The DMCC project is on-going and features additional components (e.g., related participants, manipulations of cognitive control mode, resting state fMRI, longitudinal testing) that will be publicly released following study completion. This DMCC55B subset is released early with the aim of encouraging wider use and greater benefit to the scientific community. The DMCC55B dataset is suitable for benchmarking and methods exploration, as well as analyses of task performance and individual differences.
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26
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Lee J, Shields RK. Extracellular to Intracellular Body Water and Cognitive Function among Healthy Older and Younger Adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7010018. [PMID: 35225904 PMCID: PMC8883954 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised cognitive function is associated with increased mortality and increased healthcare costs. Physical characteristics including height, weight, body mass index, sex, and fat mass are often associated with cognitive function. Extracellular to intracellular body water ratio offers an additional anthropometric measurement that has received recent attention because of its association with systemic inflammation, hypertension, and blood−brain barrier permeability. The purposes of this study were to determine whether extracellular to intracellular body water ratios are different between younger and older people and whether they are associated with cognitive function, including executive function and attention, working memory, and information processing speed. A total of 118 healthy people (39 older; 79 younger) participated in this study. We discovered that extracellular to intracellular body water ratio increased with age, was predictive of an older person’s ability to inhibit information and stay attentive to a desired task (Flanker test; R2 = 0.24; p < 0.001), and had strong sensitivity (83%) and specificity (91%) to detect a lower executive function score. These findings support that extracellular to intracellular body water ratio offers predictive capabilities of cognitive function, even in a healthy group of elderly people.
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27
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Evaluating the Feasibility of The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery for Autistic Children and Adolescents. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:689-699. [PMID: 33761062 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIH-TCB) for use in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 116 autistic children and adolescents and 80 typically developing (TD) controls, ages 3-17 years, completed four NIH-TCB tasks related to inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and episodic memory. While the majority of autistic and TD children completed all four tasks, autistic children experienced greater difficulties with task completion. Across autistic and TD children, performance on NIH-TCB tasks was highly dependent on IQ, but significant performance differences related to ASD diagnosis were found for two of four tasks. These findings highlight the potential strengths and limitations of the NIH-TCB for use with autistic children.
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28
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Norman RS, Mueller KD, Huerta P, Shah MN, Turkstra LS, Power E. Discourse Performance in Adults With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Orthopedic Injuries, and Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, and Healthy Controls. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:67-83. [PMID: 34694868 PMCID: PMC9135020 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-20-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at risk for communication disorders, yet studies exploring cognitive-communication performance are currently lacking. AIMS This aim of this study was to characterize discourse-level performance by adults with mTBI on a standardized elicitation task and compare it to (a) healthy adults, (b) adults with orthopedic injuries (OIs), and (c) adults with moderate to severe TBI. METHOD This study used a cross-sectional design. The participants included mTBI and OI groups recruited prospectively from an emergency medicine department. Moderate to severe TBI and healthy data were acquired from TalkBank. One-way analyses of variance were used to compare mean linguistic scores. RESULTS Seventy participants across all groups were recruited. Groups did not differ on demographic variables. The study found significant differences in both content and productivity measures among the groups. Variables did not appear sensitive to differentiate between mTBI and OI groups. DISCUSSION Cognitive and language performance of adults with mTBI is a pressing clinical issue. Studies exploring language with carefully selected control groups can influence the development of sensitive measures to identify individuals with cognitive-communication deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío S. Norman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Kimberly D. Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Paola Huerta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Manish N. Shah
- BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Lyn S. Turkstra
- Speech-Language Pathology Program, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Power
- Speech Pathology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Karr JE, Mindt MR, Iverson GL. Assessing Cognitive Decline in High-Functioning Spanish-Speaking Patients: High Score Base Rates on the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:939-951. [PMID: 34973058 PMCID: PMC9297149 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research has focused on the normal frequency of obtaining low scores on a neuropsychological test battery, but few studies have examined the normal frequency of obtaining high scores. This study involved the preparation of high score multivariate base rates for the Spanish-language National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). METHOD Participants included 250 healthy Latinx adults (age range: 19-80) from the Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample who completed the full battery (two crystallized and four fluid cognition tests). Multivariate base rates, stratified by education, crystallized ability, and sociocultural characteristics, quantified the frequency at which participants obtained one or more "high" fluid test scores (i.e., ≥50th, ≥63rd, ≥75th, ≥84th, ≥91st, ≥95th, and ≥ 98th percentile). RESULTS It was common for participants to obtain one or more high scores (i.e., 50.8% obtained one or more scores ≥84th percentile) and uncommon for participants to obtain "no" high scores, especially when using non-conventional thresholds for defining a high score (i.e., 10.8% obtained no scores ≥50th percentile). High scores were more commonly obtained by participants with greater education and higher crystallized ability, who were bilingual, born and educated within the United States, and from higher income households. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that participants administered multiple neuropsychological tests commonly obtain high scores, and that the frequency of high scores varies by education, crystallized ability, and sociocultural characteristics. The absence of high scores may be indicative of cognitive impairment among examinees who are higher functioning, have greater education, and have specific sociocultural characteristics (e.g., bilingualism, higher socioeconomic status).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Corresponding author at: Ph.D. via post at Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive, 012D Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044. E-mail address: (Justin E. Karr)
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology and Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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30
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Letang SK, Lin SSH, Parmelee PA, McDonough IM. Ethnoracial disparities in cognition are associated with multiple socioeconomic status-stress pathways. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 34626254 PMCID: PMC8502192 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic racism can have broad impacts on health in ethnoracial minorities. One way is by suppressing socioeconomic status (SES) levels through barriers to achieve higher income, wealth, and educational attainment. Additionally, the weathering hypothesis proposes that the various stressful adversities faced by ethnoracial minorities lead to greater wear and tear on the body, known as allostatic load. In the present study, we extend these ideas to cognitive health in a tri-ethnic sample of young adults-when cognition and brain health is arguably at their peak. Specifically, we tested competing mediation models that might shed light on how two key factors caused by systemic racism-SES and perceived stress-intersect to explain ethnoracial disparities in cognition. We found evidence for partial mediation via a pathway from SES to stress on episodic memory, working memory capacity, and executive function in Black Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans. Additionally, we found that stress partially mediated the ethnoracial disparities in working memory updating for lower SES Black and Hispanic Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans, showing that higher SES can sometimes reduce the negative effects stress has on these disparities in some cognitive domains. Overall, these findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in which lower SES creates a stressful environment to impact ethnoracial disparities cognition. These pathways differ depending on the specific ethnoracial category and cognitive domain. The present results may offer insight into strategies to help mitigate the late-life risk for neurocognitive disorders in ethnoracial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Letang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Shayne S-H Lin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Patricia A Parmelee
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Ian M McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, Tuscaloosa, USA.
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Iverson GL, Karr JE. Improving the Methodology for Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Intellectually High-Functioning Adults Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Front Psychol 2021; 12:724888. [PMID: 34566807 PMCID: PMC8457516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Low scores on neuropsychological tests are considered objective evidence of mild cognitive impairment. In clinical practice and research, it can be challenging to identify a cognitive deficit or mild cognitive impairment in high-functioning people because they are much less likely to obtain low test scores. This study was designed to improve the methodology for identifying mild cognitive impairment in adults who have above average or superior intellectual abilities. Method: Participants completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). The sample included 384 adults between the ages of 20 and 85 who had completed either a 4-year college degree or who scored in the above average, superior, or very superior range on a measure of intellectual functioning, the Crystallized Composite score. Algorithms were developed, based on the absence of high scores and the presence of low scores, for identifying mild cognitive impairment. Results: Base rate tables for the presence of low scores and the absence of high scores are provided. The base rate for people with high average crystalized ability obtaining any one of the following, 5 scores <63rd percentile, or 4+ scores <50th percentile, or 3+ scores ≤ 25th percentile, or 2+ scores ≤ 16th percentile, is 15.5%. Conclusions: Algorithms were developed for identifying cognitive weakness or impairment in high-functioning people. Research is needed to test them in clinical groups, and to assess their association with clinical risk factors for cognitive decline and biomarkers of acquired neurological or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Liu X, Dhana K, Furtado JD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Tangney C, Laranjo N, Carey V, Barnes LL, Sacks FM. Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e64. [PMID: 34527222 PMCID: PMC8411267 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence linking fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive function. However, studies focusing on the nutrients underlying this relationship are lacking. We aim to examine the association between plasma nutrients and cognition in a population at risk for cognitive decline with a suboptimal diet. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) trial is a randomized controlled intervention that examines the effects of the MIND diet to prevent cognitive decline. The primary outcome is global cognition. A multivariate linear model was used to investigate the association between blood nutrients and global and/or domain-specific cognition. The model was adjusted for age, sex, education, study site, smoking status, cognitive activities and physical activities. High plasma α-carotene was associated with better global cognition. Participants in the highest tertile of plasma α-carotene had a higher global cognition z score of 0⋅17 when compared with individuals in the lowest tertile (P 0⋅002). Circulating α-carotene levels were also associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0⋅007). Lutein and zeaxanthin (combined) was positively associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0⋅009). Our study demonstrated that higher α-carotene levels in blood were associated with higher global cognition scores in a US population at risk for cognitive decline. The higher α-carotene levels in blood reflected greater intakes of fruits, other types of vegetables and lesser intakes of butter and margarine and meat. The higher circulating levels of lutein plus zeaxanthin reflected a dietary pattern with high intakes of fruits, green leafy, other vegetables and cheese, and low consumption of fried foods. Objective nutrient markers in the blood can better characterize dietary intake, which may facilitate the implementation of a tailored dietary intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelum T. Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush College of Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Porter K, Quintana C, Morelli N, Heebner N, Winters J, Han DY, Hoch M. Neurocognitive function influences dynamic postural stability strategies in healthy collegiate athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:64-69. [PMID: 34446366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poorer neurocognitive performance may increase lower extremity injury risk due to alterations in biomechanics. However, it is unclear if poorer neurocognitive function may be associated with altered dynamic postural stability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neurocognitive performance and dynamic postural stability in healthy collegiate athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort. METHODS Forty-five Division-I collegiate athletes (21 males, 24 females; age: 19.69 ± 1.50) completed neurocognitive assessments from the NIH Toolbox® (NIHTB). Three groups were established from the NIHTB composite score: high performers (HP), moderate performers (MP), and low performers (LP). Additionally, participants completed a dynamic hop-to-stabilization task. Accelerometer and gyroscopic data were recorded during landing through an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the participant's low back. The root mean squared (RMS) of the accelerometer and gyroscope was calculated for the orthogonal planes and the resultant vector. Group differences for demographic variables, NIHTB composite scores, and IMU based measures were analyzed with one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc analyses were performed. Cohen's d effect sizes were also calculated. RESULTS Post hoc tests determined the LP group had higher vertical acceleration RMS values (p = 0.013, d = -0.85) and lower anteroposterior acceleration RMS values (p = 0.005, d = 0.95) compared to the HP group. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive performance may influence dynamic postural stability strategies in athletes. Higher neurocognitive performers may use different approaches to perform difficult postural tasks by adopting strategies associated with lower vertical and higher anteroposterior acceleration compared to lower neurocognitive performers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke''La Porter
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Heath Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Carolina Quintana
- Athletic Training Program, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morelli
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Heath Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Heebner
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joshua Winters
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Dong Y Han
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Heath Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
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Parsey CM, Bagger JE, Trittschuh EH, Hanson AJ. Utility of the iPad NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in a clinical trial of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:3519-3528. [PMID: 34342879 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To demonstrate feasibility and utility of the iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in a clinical trial of older adults. METHODS Fifty-one adults, aged 55 and older without dementia were tested twice on NIHTB-CB and more traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological measures after meal ingestion, with approximately a 4-week interval. We also compared performances at Time 1 and Time 2 for significant change. We also extracted the response times and errors for available NIHTB-CB subtests to determine subtle changes in performance. RESULTS Over the interval, improvement in fluid cognitive measures was noted at Time 2 (t = -3.07, p = 0.004), whereas crystallized measures were unchanged. Tests of fluid cognition negatively correlated with age, particularly for the second visit. Analysis of the average speed per item showed that, for two of the tests, speed increased at Time 2. Traditional neuropsychological tests correlated with many of the NIHTB-CB measures. Response times for all five timed tests decreased at Time 2, although only statistically significant for Picture Sequence and Picture Vocabulary. CONCLUSIONS The iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery appears to be an adequate measure to assess cognitive functioning in a clinical trial of older adults. Psychometric analyses suggest stability in measures of crystallized functioning, whereas measures of fluid abilities revealed improvements over the short time frame of the study. Response times and errors for individual tests revealed intriguing relationships that should be further evaluated to determine the utility in clinical sample analysis, as this could aid identification of subtle cognitive change over short periods. Additional studies with larger sample sizes will be helpful to understanding the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the NIHTB-CB sub-scores in older adults. In addition, further evaluations with clinical populations, including individuals with cognitive impairment, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Parsey
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Medicine (Neurology), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justina E Bagger
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- School of Medicine (Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angela J Hanson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Karr JE, Mindt MR, Iverson GL. A Multivariate Interpretation of the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: The Normal Frequency of Low Scores. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:338-351. [PMID: 34327533 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study involved the preparation of multivariate base rates for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) based on the U.S. normative sample, quantifying the normal frequency of low scores among healthy adults. METHOD Participants included 250 healthy Latinx adults (M = 38.8 ± 13.7 years old, range: 19-80; 72.0% women; education: M = 11.5 ± 3.9 years) who completed the full Spanish-language NIHTB-CB, including two tests of crystallized cognition and five tests of fluid cognition. Multivariate base rates quantified the frequency at which participants obtained 1 or more fluid scores ≤25th, ≤16th, ≤9th, ≤5th, and ≤2nd percentile, per age-adjusted or demographically adjusted (age, gender, education) normed scores. RESULTS A substantial minority of participants had 1 or more low scores (e.g., 40.4% had 1 or more age-adjusted score ≤16th percentile). The frequencies of low scores increased with fewer years of education and lower crystallized cognitive ability. Higher frequencies of low scores were observed among participants who were born and educated abroad, versus within the USA; monolingual Spanish speakers, versus bilingual Spanish/English speakers; and from households below the national median income, versus households above the national median. CONCLUSION Low scores were common and related to crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural variables. Although using demographically adjusted scores reduced group differences related to sociocultural variables, group differences were not eliminated, indicating that age, gender, and education score adjustments do not fully explain the associations between sociocultural variables and test performances. These stratified base rates may be useful when working with Spanish-speaking patients with diverse sociocultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology and Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Garcia-Ramos C, Struck AF, Cook C, Prabhakaran V, Nair V, Maganti R, Binder JR, Meyerand M, Conant LL, Hermann B. Network topology of the cognitive phenotypes of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 2021; 141:55-65. [PMID: 34029858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The neuropsychological complications of temporal lobe epilepsy are characterized by a spectrum of reproducible cognitive phenotypes that vary in the presence, type and degree of impairment. The nature of the disruptions to the neuropsychological networks that underlie these phenotypes remain to be characterized and represent the subject of this investigation. METHODS Participants included 30 healthy controls and 104 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who fell into three cognitive phenotypes (intact, focal impairment, generalized impairment). Eighteen neuropsychological measures representing multiple cognitive domains (language, memory, executive function, visuoperception, motor speed) were examined by graph theory techniques within the control and each epilepsy cognitive phenotype group to characterize their global and local network properties. RESULTS Across the control and epilepsy cognitive phenotype groups (intact to focal to generalized impairment), there was: 1) an orderly breakdown in the positive manifold reflected by a stepwise reduction of positive associations among the neuropsychological tests, 2) stepwise abnormal increases in global measures including the normalized clustering coefficient and modularity index, 3) stepwise abnormal decreases in normalized global efficiency, 4) a community structure demonstrating well organized modules within the control group while each epilepsy group showed deviations from controls, and 5) lower strength, compared to controls, across 8 nodes in the focal and generalized impairment groups compared to only 3 nodes in the no-impairment epilepsy group, pointing to the superior integration of local connections in controls. DISCUSSION The cognitive phenotypes of temporal lobe epilepsy are characterized by orderly abnormalities in their underlying neuropsychological networks. These findings inform the network perturbations that underlie the taxonomy of cognitive abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy and provide a model for examination of similar issues in other focal and generalized epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cole Cook
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Veena Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marybeth Meyerand
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Faroqi-Shah Y, Gehman M. The Role of Processing Speed and Cognitive Control on Word Retrieval in Aging and Aphasia. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:949-964. [PMID: 33621116 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose When speakers retrieve words, they do so extremely quickly and accurately-both speed and accuracy of word retrieval are compromised in persons with aphasia (PWA). This study examined the contribution of two domain-general mechanisms: processing speed and cognitive control on word retrieval in PWA. Method Three groups of participants, neurologically healthy young and older adults and PWA (n = 15 in each group), performed processing speed, cognitive control, lexical decision, and word retrieval tasks on a computer. The relationship between word retrieval speed and other tasks was examined for each group. Results Both aging and aphasia resulted in slower processing speed but did not affect cognitive control. Word retrieval response time delays in PWA were eliminated when processing speed was accounted for. Word retrieval speed was predicted by individual differences in cognitive control in young and older adults and additionally by processing speed in older adults. In PWA, word retrieval speed was predicted by severity of language deficit and cognitive control. Conclusions This study shows that processing speed is compromised in aphasia and could account for their slowed response times. Individual differences in cognitive control predicted word retrieval speed in healthy adults and PWA. These findings highlight the need to include nonlinguistic cognitive mechanisms in future models of word retrieval in healthy adults and word retrieval deficits in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park
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Liu X, Morris MC, Dhana K, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, Bishop L, Hollings CS, Boulin A, Laranjo N, Stubbs BJ, Reilly X, Carey VJ, Wang Y, Furtado JD, Marcovina SM, Tangney C, Aggarwal NT, Arfanakis K, Sacks FM, Barnes LL. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 102:106270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sebold AJ, Day AM, Ewen J, Adamek J, Byars A, Cohen B, Kossoff EH, Mizuno T, Ryan M, Sievers J, Smegal L, Suskauer SJ, Thomas C, Vinks A, Zabel TA, Hammill AM, Comi AM. Sirolimus Treatment in Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 115:29-40. [PMID: 33316689 PMCID: PMC8209677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurovascular disorder associated with capillary malformation, seizures, cognitive impairments, and stroke-like episodes (SLEs), arising from a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ. Studies suggest this mutation may cause hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Sirolimus is an mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor studied in other vascular anomalies and a potentially promising therapy in Sturge-Weber syndrome. METHODS Ten patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement and cognitive impairments were enrolled. Oral sirolimus was taken for six months (maximum dose: 2 mg/day, target trough level: 4-6 ng/mL). Neuropsychological testing, electroencephalography, and port-wine score were performed at baseline and after six months on sirolimus. Neuroquality of life, adverse events, and Sturge-Weber Syndrome Neurological Score (neuroscore) were recorded at each visit. RESULTS Sirolimus was generally well tolerated; one subject withdrew early. Adverse events considered related to sirolimus were mostly (15/16) grade 1. A significant increase in processing speed was seen in the overall group (P = 0.031); five of nine patients with available data demonstrated statistically rare improvement in processing speed. Improvements were seen in the neuroquality of life subscales measuring anger (P = 0.011), cognitive function (P = 0.015), and depression (P = 0.046). Three subjects experiencing SLEs before and during the study reported shortened recovery times while on sirolimus. CONCLUSIONS Sirolimus was well tolerated in individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome and may be beneficial for cognitive impairments, especially in patients with impaired processing speed or a history of SLE. A future, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sirolimus in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome is needed to further understand these potentially beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Sebold
- Department of Neurology, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Day
- Department of Neurology, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Ewen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack Adamek
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Byars
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bernard Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Eric H. Kossoff
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sievers
- Clinical Trials Compliance and Quality Assurance, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Smegal
- Department of Neurology, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacy J. Suskauer
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cameron Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Vinks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - T. Andrew Zabel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne M. Hammill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Anne M. Comi
- Department of Neurology, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Anne M. Comi; Department of Neurology, Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute,801 N. Broadway; Baltimore, MD, 21205. (A.M. Comi)
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Diffusion properties of the fornix assessed by deterministic tractography shows age, sex, volume, cognitive, hemispheric, and twin relationships in young adults from the Human Connectome Project. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:381-395. [PMID: 33386420 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fornix is the primary efferent pathway of the hippocampus and plays a central role in memory circuitry. Diffusion tensor imaging has shown changes in the fornix with typical development and aging. Here, the fornix was investigated in 903 healthy young adult participants aged 22-36 years old from the high-spatial resolution 1.25 mm isotropic Human Connectome Project (HCP) diffusion dataset. Manual deterministic tractography was used to assess relationships between fornix diffusion parameters and age, sex, laterality, hippocampus volume, memory scores, and genetic effects in a subgroup of mono- and dizygotic twins. Fornix diffusion metrics were weakly correlated with age over the given age span. While significant hemispheric and sex differences were observed (greater fractional anisotropy (FA) and volume in the right hemisphere; greater FA and volume in females), there was great overlap between the groups. Hippocampus volume measurements showed greater volume in the right hemisphere, were found to be larger in males, and were weakly correlated with fornix FA and volume. Interestingly, all fornix diffusion measurements correlated strongly with fornix volume, suggesting the presence of partial volume effects despite the high-spatial resolution of the data. Both fornix diffusion parameters and hippocampal volumes were able to explain some variance (0.6-5.5%) in the memory tests evaluated. The fornix diffusion parameters were influenced by both genetic and shared environmental factors, displaying greater variability in dizygotic than in monozygotic twins. These findings provide a comprehensive depiction of the fornix in healthy, young individuals, upon which future typical development/aging and pathological studies could anchor.
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Martorelli M, Hartle L, Coutinho G, Mograbi DC, Chaves D, Silberman C, Charchat-Fichman H. Diagnostic accuracy of early cognitive indicators in mild cognitive impairment. Dement Neuropsychol 2020; 14:358-365. [PMID: 33354288 PMCID: PMC7735053 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of the population leads to an increase in the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Recent studies highlight the early non-amnestic deficits in AD and MCI. The European Union report shows the importance of thoroughly assessing cognitive aspects that have been poorly evaluated, such as processing speed (PS), which could represent early indicators of cognitive decline. Objective To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of PS measures in older adults with MCI, AD, and those who are cognitively-healthy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by performing an extensive neuropsychological assessment in three samples: 26 control participants, 22 individuals with MCI, and 21 individuals with AD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test the relationship between dependent variables and the clinical group. Post hoc tests (Bonferroni test) were used when a significant ANOVA result was found. Finally, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for PS measures was performed in older adults with MCI and AD compared with cognitively-healthy older adults. Results The results showed that deficits in PS measures can be early indicators of cognitive decline in cases of MCI, even when executive functions (EFs) and functionality are preserved. Conversely, AD versus MCI presented differences in PS, EFs, and functionality. Conclusions The ROC analyses showed that PS measures had discriminative capacities to differentiate individuals with MCI, AD, and cognitively-healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martorelli
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa Hartle
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Celso Lisboa - Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Tinnemore AR, Gordon-Salant S, Goupell MJ. Audiovisual Speech Recognition With a Cochlear Implant and Increased Perceptual and Cognitive Demands. Trends Hear 2020; 24:2331216520960601. [PMID: 33054620 PMCID: PMC7575283 DOI: 10.1177/2331216520960601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech recognition in complex environments involves focusing on the most relevant speech signal while ignoring distractions. Difficulties can arise due to the incoming signal's characteristics (e.g., accented pronunciation, background noise, distortion) or the listener's characteristics (e.g., hearing loss, advancing age, cognitive abilities). Listeners who use cochlear implants (CIs) must overcome these difficulties while listening to an impoverished version of the signals available to listeners with normal hearing (NH). In the real world, listeners often attempt tasks concurrent with, but unrelated to, speech recognition. This study sought to reveal the effects of visual distraction and performing a simultaneous visual task on audiovisual speech recognition. Two groups, those with CIs and those with NH listening to vocoded speech, were presented videos of unaccented and accented talkers with and without visual distractions, and with a secondary task. It was hypothesized that, compared with those with NH, listeners with CIs would be less influenced by visual distraction or a secondary visual task because their prolonged reliance on visual cues to aid auditory perception improves the ability to suppress irrelevant information. Results showed that visual distractions alone did not significantly decrease speech recognition performance for either group, but adding a secondary task did. Speech recognition was significantly poorer for accented compared with unaccented speech, and this difference was greater for CI listeners. These results suggest that speech recognition performance is likely more dependent on incoming signal characteristics than a difference in adaptive strategies for managing distractions between those who listen with and without a CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Tinnemore
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, United States
| | - Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, United States
| | - Matthew J Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, United States
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Adeli E, Zhao Q, Zahr NM, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Deep learning identifies morphological determinants of sex differences in the pre-adolescent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117293. [PMID: 32841716 PMCID: PMC7780846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of data-driven deep learning to identify sex differences in developing brain structures of pre-adolescents has heretofore not been accomplished. Here, the approach identifies sex differences by analyzing the minimally processed MRIs of the first 8144 participants (age 9 and 10 years) recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The identified pattern accounted for confounding factors (i.e., head size, age, puberty development, socioeconomic status) and comprised cerebellar (corpus medullare, lobules III, IV/V, and VI) and subcortical (pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, insula, putamen) structures. While these have been individually linked to expressing sex differences, a novel discovery was that their grouping accurately predicted the sex in individual pre-adolescents. Another novelty was relating differences specific to the cerebellum to pubertal development. Finally, we found that reducing the pattern to a single score not only accurately predicted sex but also correlated with cognitive behavior linked to working memory. The predictive power of this score and the constellation of identified brain structures provide evidence for sex differences in pre-adolescent neurodevelopment and may augment understanding of sex-specific vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric disorders and presage sex-linked learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Hermann B, Conant LL, Cook CJ, Hwang G, Garcia-Ramos C, Dabbs K, Nair VA, Mathis J, Bonet CNR, Allen L, Almane DN, Arkush K, Birn R, DeYoe EA, Felton E, Maganti R, Nencka A, Raghavan M, Shah U, Sosa VN, Struck AF, Ustine C, Reyes A, Kaestner E, McDonald C, Prabhakaran V, Binder JR, Meyerand ME. Network, clinical and sociodemographic features of cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102341. [PMID: 32707534 PMCID: PMC7381697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the taxonomy of cognitive impairment within temporal lobe epilepsy and characterized the sociodemographic, clinical and neurobiological correlates of identified cognitive phenotypes. 111 temporal lobe epilepsy patients and 83 controls (mean ages 33 and 39, 57% and 61% female, respectively) from the Epilepsy Connectome Project underwent neuropsychological assessment, clinical interview, and high resolution 3T structural and resting-state functional MRI. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was reduced to core cognitive domains (language, memory, executive, visuospatial, motor speed) which were then subjected to cluster analysis. The resulting cognitive subgroups were compared in regard to sociodemographic and clinical epilepsy characteristics as well as variations in brain structure and functional connectivity. Three cognitive subgroups were identified (intact, language/memory/executive function impairment, generalized impairment) which differed significantly, in a systematic fashion, across multiple features. The generalized impairment group was characterized by an earlier age at medication initiation (P < 0.05), fewer patient (P < 0.001) and parental years of education (P < 0.05), greater racial diversity (P < 0.05), and greater number of lifetime generalized seizures (P < 0.001). The three groups also differed in an orderly manner across total intracranial (P < 0.001) and bilateral cerebellar cortex volumes (P < 0.01), and rate of bilateral hippocampal atrophy (P < 0.014), but minimally in regional measures of cortical volume or thickness. In contrast, large-scale patterns of cortical-subcortical covariance networks revealed significant differences across groups in global and local measures of community structure and distribution of hubs. Resting-state fMRI revealed stepwise anomalies as a function of cluster membership, with the most abnormal patterns of connectivity evident in the generalized impairment group and no significant differences from controls in the cognitively intact group. Overall, the distinct underlying cognitive phenotypes of temporal lobe epilepsy harbor systematic relationships with clinical, sociodemographic and neuroimaging correlates. Cognitive phenotype variations in patient and familial education and ethnicity, with linked variations in total intracranial volume, raise the question of an early and persisting socioeconomic-status related neurodevelopmental impact, with additional contributions of clinical epilepsy factors (e.g., lifetime generalized seizures). The neuroimaging features of cognitive phenotype membership are most notable for disrupted large scale cortical-subcortical networks and patterns of functional connectivity with bilateral hippocampal and cerebellar atrophy. The cognitive taxonomy of temporal lobe epilepsy appears influenced by features that reflect the combined influence of socioeconomic, neurodevelopmental and neurobiological risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cole J Cook
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gyujoon Hwang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Camille Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Dabbs
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jedidiah Mathis
- Department of Radiology Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Charlene N Rivera Bonet
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Allen
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dace N Almane
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karina Arkush
- Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rasmus Birn
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Edgar A DeYoe
- Department of Radiology Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Felton
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Nencka
- Department of Radiology Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Manoj Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Umang Shah
- Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Veronica N Sosa
- Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Candida Ustine
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anny Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carrie McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary E Meyerand
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Kramer E, Koo B, Restrepo A, Koyama M, Neuhaus R, Pugh K, Andreotti C, Milham M. Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10114. [PMID: 32572148 PMCID: PMC7308370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examines the relationships between processing speed (PS), mental health disorders, and learning disorders. Prior work has tended to explore relationships between PS deficits and specific diagnoses in isolation of one another. Here, we simultaneously investigated PS associations with five diagnoses (i.e., anxiety, autism, ADHD, depressive, specific learning) in a large-scale, transdiagnostic, community self-referred sample. METHOD 843 children, ages 8-16 were included from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) Biobank. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to create a composite measure of four PS tasks, referred to as PC1. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the four PS measures, as well as PC1, were calculated to assess reliability. RESULTS ICCs were moderate between WISC-V tasks (0.663), and relatively modest between NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison and other PS scales (0.14-0.27). Regression analyses revealed specific significant relationships between PS and reading and math disabilities, ADHD-inattentive presentation (ADHD-I), and ADHD-combined presentation (ADHD-C). After accounting for inattention, the present study did not find a significant relationship with Autism Spectrum Disorder. DISCUSSION Our examination of PS in a large, transdiagnostic sample suggested more specific associations with ADHD and learning disorders than the literature currently suggests. Implications for understanding how PS interacts with a highly heterogeneous childhood sample are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kramer
- Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bonhwang Koo
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anita Restrepo
- Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Neuhaus
- Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA. .,Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA.
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Snitz BE, Tudorascu DL, Yu Z, Campbell E, Lopresti BJ, Laymon CM, Minhas DS, Nadkarni NK, Aizenstein HJ, Klunk WE, Weintraub S, Gershon RC, Cohen AD. Associations between NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and in vivo brain amyloid and tau pathology in non-demented older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12018. [PMID: 32426450 PMCID: PMC7228102 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed to be a common assessment metric across a broad array of research studies. We investigated associations between NIHTB-CB and brain amyloid and tau deposition in cognitively unimpaired older adults. METHODS One hundred eighteen community-based volunteers completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET (positron emission tomography) and AV-1451-PET neuroimaging, a neuropsychological evaluation, NIHTB-CB, and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Demographically adjusted regression models evaluated cognition-biomarker associations; standardized effect sizes allowed comparison of association strength across measures. RESULTS No NIHTB-CB measures were associated with amyloid deposition. NIHTB-CB measures of fluid cognition, including Pattern Comparison Processing Speed, Dimensional Change Card Sort, and Fluid Cognition Composite, were associated with tau deposition in higher Braak regions. Pattern Comparison Processing Speed was the most robust association with sensitivity analyses. DISCUSSION NIHTB-CB tasks of processing speed and executive functions may be sensitive to pathologic tau deposition on imaging in normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Snitz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghSchool of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Dana L. Tudorascu
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Zheming Yu
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Brian J. Lopresti
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Charles M. Laymon
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh School of EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Davneet S. Minhas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Neelesh K. Nadkarni
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh School of EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
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Babakhanyan I, Carlozzi NE, McKenna BS, Casaletto KB, Heinemann AW, Heaton RK. National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery: Application of Summary Scores to Adults With Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:1863-1871. [PMID: 31153854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the validity of factor analytically based summary scores that were developed using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHTB-EB); (ie, psychological well-being, social satisfaction, negative affect) normative sample in individuals with neurologic conditions. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational cohort. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1036 English-speaking adults from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIHTB) normative project and 604 community-dwelling adults with neurologic conditions including spinal cord injury (SCI n=209), traumatic brain injury (TBI n=184), and stroke (cerebrovascular accident [CVA] n=211) (N=1640). INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The NIHTB-EB. RESULTS A series of univariate analyses comparing summary scores across the 4 groups (SCI, TBI, CVA, normative group) were conducted to identify group differences. Base rates (defined as >1 SD toward the problematic direction) were also identified. The normative group demonstrated better emotional functioning characterized by greater social satisfaction and psychological well-being (normative group > SCI, TBI, CVA; P's <.0001), and less negative affect (normative group < SCI, P=.016; normative group < TBI, P<.001; normative group < CVA; P=.034) compared with each neurologic group. Using base rates to identify problematic emotions for the 3 summary scores, there were higher rates of problematic emotions on all 3 summary scores for the neurologic groups compared with the normative group. CONCLUSIONS The NIHTB-EB summary scores demonstrate an increased prevalence of problematic emotions among individuals with 3 neurologic conditions, and might be useful for identifying individuals with similar conditions and potentially in need of psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Babakhanyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
| | - Noelle E Carlozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Benjamin S McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Chen BT, Jin T, Patel SK, Ye N, Ma H, Wong CW, Rockne RC, Root JC, Saykin AJ, Ahles TA, Holodny AI, Prakash N, Mortimer J, Waisman J, Yuan Y, Li D, Sedrak MS, Vazquez J, Katheria V, Dale W. Intrinsic brain activity changes associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer: a pilot longitudinal study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:181-189. [PMID: 30989462 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Older cancer patients are at increased risk of cancer-related cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to assess the alterations in intrinsic brain activity associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer. METHODS Chemotherapy treatment (CT) group included sixteen women aged ≥ 60 years (range 60-82 years) with stage I-III breast cancers, who underwent both resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological testing with NIH Toolbox for Cognition before adjuvant chemotherapy, at time point 1 (TP1), and again within 1 month after completing chemotherapy, at time point 2 (TP2). Fourteen age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent the same assessments at matched intervals. Three voxel-wise rs-fMRI parameters: amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity, were computed at each time point. The changes in rs-fMRI parameters from TP1 to TP2 for each group, the group differences in changes (the CT group vs. the HC group), and the group difference in the baseline rs-fMRI parameters were assessed. In addition, correlative analysis between the rs-fMRI parameters and neuropsychological testing scores was also performed. RESULTS In the CT group, one brain region, which included parts of the bilateral subcallosal gyri and right anterior cingulate gyrus, displayed increased ALFF from TP1 to TP2 (cluster p-corrected = 0.024); another brain region in the left precuneus displayed decreased fALFF from TP1 to TP2 (cluster level p-corrected = 0.025). No significant changes in the rs-fMRI parameters from TP1 to TP2 were observed in the HC group. Although ALFF and fALFF alterations were observed only in the CT group, none of the between-group differences in rs-fMRI parameter changes reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our study results of ALFF and fALFF alterations in the chemotherapy-treated women suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy may affect intrinsic brain activity in older women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Taihao Jin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sunita K Patel
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ningrong Ye
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chi Wah Wong
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James C Root
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tim A Ahles
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal Prakash
- Division of Neurology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James Waisman
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daneng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mina S Sedrak
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vani Katheria
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William Dale
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Thompson WK, Barch DM, Bjork JM, Gonzalez R, Nagel BJ, Nixon SJ, Luciana M. The structure of cognition in 9 and 10 year-old children and associations with problem behaviors: Findings from the ABCD study's baseline neurocognitive battery. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100606. [PMID: 30595399 PMCID: PMC6676481 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is poised to be the largest single-cohort long-term longitudinal study of neurodevelopment and child health in the United States. Baseline data on N= 4521 children aged 9-10 were released for public access on November 2, 2018. In this paper we performed principal component analyses of the neurocognitive assessments administered to the baseline sample. The neurocognitive battery included seven measures from the NIH Toolbox as well as five other tasks. We implemented a Bayesian Probabilistic Principal Components Analysis (BPPCA) model that incorporated nesting of subjects within families and within data collection sites. We extracted varimax-rotated component scores from a three-component model and associated these scores with parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) internalizing, externalizing, and stress reactivity. We found evidence for three broad components that encompass general cognitive ability, executive function, and learning/memory. These were significantly associated with CBCL scores in a differential manner but with small effect sizes. These findings set the stage for longitudinal analysis of neurocognitive and psychopathological data from the ABCD cohort as they age into the period of maximal adolescent risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - James M Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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50
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Hwang G, Dabbs K, Conant L, Nair VA, Mathis J, Almane DN, Nencka A, Birn R, Humphries C, Raghavan M, DeYoe EA, Struck AF, Maganti R, Binder JR, Meyerand E, Prabhakaran V, Hermann B. Cognitive slowing and its underlying neurobiology in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 2019; 117:41-52. [PMID: 30927560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive slowing is a known but comparatively under-investigated neuropsychological complication of the epilepsies in relation to other known cognitive comorbidities such as memory, executive function and language. Here we focus on a novel metric of processing speed, characterize its relative salience compared to other cognitive difficulties in epilepsy, and explore its underlying neurobiological correlates. Research participants included 55 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 58 healthy controls from the Epilepsy Connectome Project (ECP) who were administered a battery of tests yielding 14 neuropsychological measures, including selected tests from the NIH Toolbox-Cognitive Battery, and underwent 3T MRI and resting state fMRI. TLE patients exhibited a pattern of generalized cognitive impairment with very few lateralized abnormalities. Using the neuropsychological measures, machine learning (Support Vector Machine binary classification model) classified the TLE and control groups with 74% accuracy with processing speed (NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test) the best predictor. In TLE, slower processing speed was associated predominantly with decreased local gyrification in regions including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyrus, inferior precentral cortex, insula, inferior parietal cortex (angular and supramarginal gyri), lateral occipital cortex, rostral anterior cingulate, and medial orbital frontal regions, as well as three small regions of the temporal lobe. Slower processing speed was also associated with decreased connectivity between the primary visual cortices in both hemispheres and the left supplementary motor area, as well as between the right parieto-occipital sulcus and right middle insular area. Overall, slowed processing speed is an important cognitive comorbidity of TLE associated with altered brain structure and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyujoon Hwang
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Dabbs
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Conant
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jed Mathis
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dace N Almane
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Nencka
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rasmus Birn
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Manoj Raghavan
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Edgar A DeYoe
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Meyerand
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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