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Zou L, Herold F, Cheval B, Wheeler MJ, Pindus DM, Erickson KI, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Müller NG, Dunstan DW, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Hallgren M, Ekelund U, Maltagliati S, Owen N. Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:369-382. [PMID: 38431428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. Across the lifespan, specific characteristics of SB (particularly whether they are cognitively active or cognitively passive) potentially act as moderators influencing the associations between SB and specific brain health outcomes. We outline challenges and opportunities for future research aiming to provide more robust empirical evidence on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, The Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Grilli MD, Raichlen DA, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Impact of age and apolipoprotein E ε4 status on regional white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition in healthy aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38515367 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is a neuroimaging marker of lesion load related to small vessel disease that has been associated with cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. METHOD The present study sought to examine whether regional WMH volume mediates the relationship between APOE ε4 status, a strong genetic risk factor for AD, and cognition and if this association is moderated by age group differences within a sample of 187 healthy older adults (APOE ε4 status [carrier/non-carrier] = 56/131). RESULTS After we controlled for sex, education, and vascular risk factors, ANCOVA analyses revealed significant age group by APOE ε4 status interactions for right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes. Within the young-old group (50-69 years), ε4 carriers had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than non-carriers. However, in the old-old group (70-89 years), right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes were comparable across APOE ε4 groups. Further, within ε4 non-carriers, old-old adults had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than young-old adults, but there were no significant differences across age groups in ε4 carriers. Follow-up moderated mediation analyses revealed that, in the young-old, but not the old-old group, there were significant indirect effects of ε4 status on memory and executive functions through left temporal WMH volume. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, among healthy young-old adults, increased left temporal WMH volume, in the context of the ε4 allele, may represent an early marker of cognitive aging with the potential to lead to greater risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Grilli MD, Raichlen DA, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Regional covariance of white matter hyperintensity volume patterns associated with hippocampal volume in healthy aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1349449. [PMID: 38524117 PMCID: PMC10957632 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1349449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volume is particularly sensitive to the accumulation of total brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) in aging, but how the regional distribution of WMH volume differentially impacts the hippocampus has been less studied. In a cohort of 194 healthy older adults ages 50-89, we used a multivariate statistical method, the Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM), to (1) identify patterns of regional WMH differences related to left and right hippocampal volumes, (2) examine associations between the multimodal neuroimaging covariance patterns and demographic characteristics, and (3) investigate the relation of the patterns to subjective and objective memory in healthy aging. We established network covariance patterns of regional WMH volume differences associated with greater left and right hippocampal volumes, which were characterized by reductions in left temporal and right parietal WMH volumes and relative increases in bilateral occipital WMH volumes. Additionally, we observed lower expression of these hippocampal-related regional WMH patterns were significantly associated with increasing age and greater subjective memory complaints, but not objective memory performance in this healthy older adult cohort. Our findings indicate that, in cognitively healthy older adults, left and right hippocampal volume reductions were associated with differences in the regional distribution of WMH volumes, which were exacerbated by advancing age and related to greater subjective memory complaints. Multivariate network analyses, like SSM, may help elucidate important early effects of regional WMH volume on brain and cognitive aging in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew D. Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Alexander GE. Sedentary Behavior and Dementia-Reply. JAMA 2024; 331:443. [PMID: 38319334 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
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Ho BD, Gullett JM, Anton S, Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Rundek T, Levin B, Visscher K, Woods AJ, Cohen RA. Associations between physical exercise type, fluid intelligence, executive function, and processing speed in the oldest-old (85 +). GeroScience 2024; 46:491-503. [PMID: 37523033 PMCID: PMC10828155 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much is known about the effects of physical exercise in adult humans, literature on the oldest-old (≥ 85 years old) is sparse. The present study explored the relationship between self-reported engagement in physical exercise and cognition in the oldest-old. METHODS The sample included 184 cognitively healthy participants (98 females, MoCA mean score = 24.81) aged 85 to 99 years old (mean = 88.49 years). Participants completed the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire and a cognitive battery including NIH-TB, Coding, Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop task. Three groups of participants - sedentary (n = 58; MoCA mean score = 24; 36 females; mean age = 89.03), cardio (n = 60; MoCA mean score = 25.08; 29 females; mean age = 88.62), and cardio + strength training (n = 66; MoCA mean score = 25.28; 33 females; mean age = 87.91) - were derived from responses on CHAMPS. RESULTS Analyses controlled for years of education, NIH-TB Crystallized Composite, and metabolic equivalent of tasks. The cardio + strength training group had the highest cognitive performances overall and scored significantly better on Coding (p < 0.001) and Symbol Search (p < 0.05) compared to the sedentary group. The cardio + strength training group scored significantly better on Symbol Search, Letter Fluency, and Stroop Color-Word compared to the cardio group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest self-reported exercise in the oldest-old is linked to better performance on cognitive measures of processing speed and executive functioning, and that there may be a synergistic effect of combining aerobic and resistance training on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Duy Ho
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Joseph M Gullett
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Anton
- Institute On Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Visscher
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ramadan FA, Arani G, Jafri A, Thompson T, Bland VL, Renquist B, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Klimentidis YC. Mendelian Randomization of Blood Metabolites Suggests Circulating Glutamine Protects Against Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1069-1078. [PMID: 38489176 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) represents a growing health burden. Previous studies suggest that blood metabolite levels influence risk of LOAD. Objective We used a genetics-based study design which may overcome limitations of other epidemiological studies to assess the influence of metabolite levels on LOAD risk. Methods We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate bi-directional causal effects using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 249 blood metabolites (n = 115,082) and GWAS of LOAD (ncase = 21,982, ncontrol = 41,944). Results MR analysis of metabolites as exposures revealed a negative association of genetically-predicted glutamine levels with LOAD (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.92) that was consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. We also identified a positive association of genetically-predicted free cholesterol levels in small LDL (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.22) on LOAD. Using genetically-predicted LOAD as the exposure, we identified associations with phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.98), but not with glutamine, suggesting that the relationship between glutamine and LOAD is unidirectional. Conclusions Our findings support previous evidence that higher circulating levels of glutamine may be a target for protection against LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gayatri Arani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ayan Jafri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tingting Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Sayre MK, Anyawire M, Paolo B, Mabulla AZP, Pontzer H, Wood BM, Raichlen DA. Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza foragers. Am J Biol Anthropol 2023; 182:340-356. [PMID: 37728135 PMCID: PMC10720916 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physically active lifestyles are associated with several health benefits. Physical activity (PA) levels are low in post-industrial populations, but generally high throughout life in subsistence populations. The Hadza are a subsistence-oriented foraging population in Tanzania known for being physically active, but it is unknown how recent increases in market integration may have altered their PA patterns. In this study, we examine PA patterns for Hadza women and men who engage in different amounts of traditional foraging. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy seven Hadza participants (51% female, 19-87 years) wore an Axivity accelerometer (dominant wrist) for ~6 days during dry season months. We evaluated the effects of age, sex, and lifestyle measures on four PA measures that capture different aspects of the PA profile. RESULTS Participants engaged in high levels of both moderate-intensity PA and inactivity. Although PA levels were negatively associated with age, older participants were still highly active. We found no differences in PA between participants living in more traditional "bush" camps and those living in more settled "village" camps. Mobility was positively associated with step counts for female participants, and schooling was positively associated with inactive time for male participants. CONCLUSIONS The similarity in PA patterns between Hadza participants in different camp types suggests that high PA levels characterize subsistence lifestyles generally. The sex-based difference in the effects of mobility and schooling on PA could be a reflection of the Hadza's gender-based division of labor, or indicate that changes to subsistence-oriented lifestyles impact women and men in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Raichlen DA, Aslan DH, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Ally M, Maltagliati S, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Klimentidis YC, Alexander GE. Sedentary Behavior and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults. JAMA 2023; 330:934-940. [PMID: 37698563 PMCID: PMC10498332 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Sedentary behavior is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is unclear. Objective To investigate whether accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior is associated with incident dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective study of prospectively collected data from the UK Biobank including 49 841 adults aged 60 years or older without a diagnosis of dementia at the time of wearing the wrist accelerometer and living in England, Scotland, or Wales. Follow-up began at the time of wearing the accelerometer (February 2013 to December 2015) and continued until September 2021 in England, July 2021 in Scotland, and February 2018 in Wales. Exposures Mean daily sedentary behavior time (included in the primary analysis) and mean daily sedentary bout length, maximum daily sedentary bout length, and mean number of daily sedentary bouts (included in the secondary analyses) were derived from a machine learning-based analysis of 1 week of wrist-worn accelerometer data. Main Outcome and Measures Incident all-cause dementia diagnosis from inpatient hospital records and death registry data. Cox proportional hazard models with linear and cubic spline terms were used to assess associations. Results A total of 49 841 older adults (mean age, 67.19 [SD, 4.29] years; 54.7% were female) were followed up for a mean of 6.72 years (SD, 0.95 years). During this time, 414 individuals were diagnosed with incident all-cause dementia. In the fully adjusted models, there was a significant nonlinear association between time spent in sedentary behavior and incident dementia. Relative to a median of 9.27 hours/d for sedentary behavior, the hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.12, P < .001) for 10 hours/d, 1.63 (95% CI, 1.35-1.97, P < .001) for 12 hours/d, and 3.21 (95% CI, 2.05-5.04, P < .001) for 15 hours/d. The adjusted incidence rate of dementia per 1000 person-years was 7.49 (95% CI, 7.48-7.49) for 9.27 hours/d of sedentary behavior, 8.06 (95% CI, 7.76-8.36) for 10 hours/d, 12.00 (95% CI, 10.00-14.36) for 12 hours/d, and 22.74 (95% CI, 14.92-34.11) for 15 hours/d. Mean daily sedentary bout length (HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.03-2.27], P = .04 and 0.65 [95% CI, 0.04-1.57] more dementia cases per 1000 person-years for a 1-hour increase from the mean of 0.48 hours) and maximum daily sedentary bout length (HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.31], P = .02 and 0.19 [95% CI, 0.02-0.38] more dementia cases per 1000 person-years for a 1-hour increase from the mean of 1.95 hours) were significantly associated with higher risk of incident dementia. The number of sedentary bouts per day was not associated with higher risk of incident dementia (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99-1.01], P = .89). In the sensitivity analyses, after adjustment for time spent in sedentary behavior, the mean daily sedentary bout length and the maximum daily sedentary bout length were no longer significantly associated with incident dementia. Conclusions and Relevance Among older adults, more time spent in sedentary behaviors was significantly associated with higher incidence of all-cause dementia. Future research is needed to determine whether the association between sedentary behavior and risk of dementia is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Daniel H. Aslan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M. Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Madeline Ally
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix
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Nolin SA, Cowart H, Merritt S, McInerney K, Bharadwaj PK, Franchetti MK, Raichlen DA, Jessup CJ, Hishaw GA, Van Etten EJ, Trouard TP, Geldmacher DS, Wadley VG, Porges ES, Woods AJ, Cohen RA, Levin BE, Rundek T, Alexander GE, Visscher KM. Validity of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in a healthy oldest-old 85+ sample. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:605-614. [PMID: 36239453 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the construct validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH TB-CB) in the healthy oldest-old (85+ years old). METHOD Our sample from the McKnight Brain Aging Registry consists of 179 individuals, 85 to 99 years of age, screened for memory, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Using previous research methods on a sample of 85 + y/o adults, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses on models of NIH TB-CB and same domain standard neuropsychological measures. We hypothesized the five-factor model (Reading, Vocabulary, Memory, Working Memory, and Executive/Speed) would have the best fit, consistent with younger populations. We assessed confirmatory and discriminant validity. We also evaluated demographic and computer use predictors of NIH TB-CB composite scores. RESULTS Findings suggest the six-factor model (Vocabulary, Reading, Memory, Working Memory, Executive, and Speed) had a better fit than alternative models. NIH TB-CB tests had good convergent and discriminant validity, though tests in the executive functioning domain had high inter-correlations with other cognitive domains. Computer use was strongly associated with higher NIH TB-CB overall and fluid cognition composite scores. CONCLUSION The NIH TB-CB is a valid assessment for the oldest-old samples, with relatively weak validity in the domain of executive functioning. Computer use's impact on composite scores could be due to the executive demands of learning to use a tablet. Strong relationships of executive function with other cognitive domains could be due to cognitive dedifferentiation. Overall, the NIH TB-CB could be useful for testing cognition in the oldest-old and the impact of aging on cognition in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Nolin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah Cowart
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stacy Merritt
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katalina McInerney
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P K Bharadwaj
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Cortney J Jessup
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G Alex Hishaw
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David S Geldmacher
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric S Porges
- University of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- University of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ron A Cohen
- University of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie E Levin
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- University of Arizona, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kristina M Visscher
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Speakman JR, de Jong JMA, Sinha S, Westerterp KR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Bedu-Addo K, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bovet P, Brage S, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Das SK, Davies PSW, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Gillingham M, Ghosh S, Goris AH, Gurven M, Halsey LG, Hambly C, Haisma HH, Hoffman D, Hu S, Joosen AM, Kaplan JL, Katzmarzyk P, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Leonard WR, Löf M, Martin CK, Matsiko E, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Roberts SB, Rudolph MC, Sardinha LB, Schuit AJ, Silva AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wood BM, Yanovski JA, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Kurpad A, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rodeheffer MS, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Wong WW. Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure. Nat Metab 2023; 5:579-588. [PMID: 37100994 PMCID: PMC10445668 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased significantly, but in females this did not reach significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate (equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163 studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously unrecognized factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China.
| | - Jasper M A de Jong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srishti Sinha
- St Johns Medical college, Bengaluru, India
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Liam J Anderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutritiion, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan G J A Camps
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Child Health Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Melanie Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Annelies H Goris
- IMEC within OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hinke H Haisma
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sumei Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Annemiek M Joosen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer L Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eric Matsiko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erwin P Meijer
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Physiology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulio Valenti
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ludo M Van Etten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Campus Venlo and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital's-Hertogenbosch, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Brian M Wood
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Cheval B, Darrous L, Choi KW, Klimentidis YC, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Cullati S, Kutalik Z, Boisgontier MP. Genetic insights into the causal relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5310. [PMID: 37002254 PMCID: PMC10066390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and cognitive functioning are strongly intertwined. However, the causal relationships underlying this association are still unclear. Physical activity can enhance brain functions, but healthy cognition may also promote engagement in physical activity. Here, we assessed the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and general cognitive functioning using Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian Randomization (LHC-MR). Association data were drawn from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (UK Biobank and COGENT) on accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and average physical activity (N = 91,084) and cognitive functioning (N = 257,841). After Bonferroni correction, we observed significant LHC-MR associations suggesting that increased fraction of both moderate (b = 0.32, CI95% = [0.17,0.47], P = 2.89e - 05) and vigorous physical activity (b = 0.22, CI95% = [0.06,0.37], P = 0.007) lead to increased cognitive functioning. In contrast, we found no evidence of a causal effect of average physical activity on cognitive functioning, and no evidence of a reverse causal effect (cognitive functioning on any physical activity measures). These findings provide new evidence supporting a beneficial role of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Liza Darrous
- University for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, Department of Community Health, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- University for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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12
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Song H, Bharadwaj PK, Raichlen DA, Habeck CG, Huentelman MJ, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Association of homocysteine-related subcortical brain atrophy with white matter lesion volume and cognition in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:129-138. [PMID: 36436304 PMCID: PMC10002471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a vascular risk factor associated with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disease but has also been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using multivariate Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM) analysis, we sought to identify a network pattern in structural neuroimaging reflecting the regionally distributed association of plasma Hcy with subcortical gray matter (SGM) volumes and its relation to other health risk factors and cognition in 160 healthy older adults, ages 50-89. We identified an SSM Hcy-SGM pattern that was characterized by bilateral hippocampal and nucleus accumbens volume reductions with relative volume increases in bilateral caudate, pallidum, and putamen. Greater Hcy-SGM pattern expression was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, older age, and male sex, but not with other vascular and AD-related risk factors. Mediation analyses revealed that age predicted WMH volume, which predicted Hcy-SGM pattern expression, which, in turn, predicted cognitive processing speed performance. These findings suggest that the multivariate SSM Hcy-SGM pattern may be indicative of cognitive aging, reflecting a potential link between vascular health and cognitive dysfunction in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Song
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian G Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13
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Yamada Y, Zhang X, Henderson MET, Sagayama H, Pontzer H, Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Kimura M, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SG, Close GL, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Das SK, Dugas LR, Eaton S, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Halsey LG, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kraus WE, Kriengsinyos W, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Reilly JJ, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sardinha LB, Silva AM, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski JA, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Miyachi M, Schoeller DA, Speakman JR. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. Science 2022; 378:909-915. [PMID: 36423296 PMCID: PMC9764345 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mary E T Henderson
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | - Wantanee Kriengsinyos
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Kenya School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Rwanda Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, HealthyWeightHub, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulio Valenti
- Phillips Research, Eindoven, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Brightlands Campus Greenport Venlo and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotechnology Center and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206931119. [PMID: 35994664 PMCID: PMC9436362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is currently unclear. This study investigates whether SB is associated with incident dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). A total of 146,651 participants from the UK Biobank who were 60 years or older and did not have a diagnosis of dementia (mean [SD] age: 64.59 [2.84] years) were included. Self-reported leisure-time SBs were divided into two domains: time spent watching television (TV) or time spent using a computer. A total of 3,507 individuals were diagnosed with all-cause dementia over a mean follow-up of 11.87 (±1.17) years. In models adjusted for a wide range of covariates, including time spent in PA, time spent watching TV was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [1.15 to 1.32]) and time spent using a computer was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.81 to 0.90]). In joint associations with PA, TV time and computer time remained significantly associated with dementia risk at all PA levels. Reducing time spent in cognitively passive SB (i.e., TV time) and increasing time spent in cognitively active SB (i.e., computer time) may be effective behavioral modification targets for reducing risk of dementia regardless of engagement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - M. Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006
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Klimentidis YC, Newell M, van der Zee MD, Bland VL, May-Wilson S, Arani G, Menni C, Mangino M, Arora A, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Wilson JF, Boomsma DI, Hottenga JJ, de Geus EJ, Pirastu N. Genome-wide Association Study of Liking for Several Types of Physical Activity in the UK Biobank and Two Replication Cohorts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1252-1260. [PMID: 35320144 PMCID: PMC9288543 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lack of physical activity (PA) is one of the most pressing health issues today. Our individual propensity for PA is influenced by genetic factors. Stated liking of different PA types may help capture additional and informative dimensions of PA behavior genetics. METHODS In over 157,000 individuals from the UK Biobank, we performed genome-wide association studies of five items assessing the liking of different PA types, plus an additional derived trait of overall PA-liking. We attempted to replicate significant associations in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and TwinsUK. Additionally, polygenic scores (PGS) were trained in the UK Biobank for each PA-liking item and for self-reported PA behavior, and tested for association with PA in the NTR. RESULTS We identified a total of 19 unique significant loci across all five PA-liking items and the overall PA-liking trait, and these showed strong directional consistency in the replication cohorts. Four of these loci were previously identified for PA behavior, including CADM2 , which was associated with three PA-liking items. The PA-liking items were genetically correlated with self-reported ( rg = 0.38-0.80) and accelerometer ( rg = 0.26-0.49) PA measures, and with a wide range of health-related traits. Each PA-liking PGS significantly predicted the same PA-liking item in NTR. The PGS of liking for going to the gym predicted PA behavior in the NTR ( r2 = 0.40%) nearly as well as a PGS based on self-reported PA behavior ( r2 = 0.42%). Combining the two PGS into a single model increased the r2 to 0.59%, suggesting that PA-liking captures distinct and relevant dimensions of PA behavior. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the first loci associated with PA-liking and extended our understanding of the genetic basis of PA behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michelle Newell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Matthijs D. van der Zee
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Victoria L. Bland
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sebastian May-Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Gayatri Arani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Inter-Disciplinary Programs, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, AZ
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Eco J.C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM
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Raichlen DA, Furlong M, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Parra KL, Bharadwaj PK, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Association of Physical Activity with Incidence of Dementia Is Attenuated by Air Pollution. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1131-1138. [PMID: 35704438 PMCID: PMC9204780 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is recognized as one of the key lifestyle behaviors that reduces risk of developing dementia late in life. However, PA also leads to increased respiration, and in areas with high levels of air pollution, PA may increase exposure to pollutants linked with higher risk of developing dementia. Here, we investigate whether air pollution attenuates the association between PA and dementia risk. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 35,562 adults 60 yrs and older from the UK Biobank. Average acceleration magnitude (ACCave) from wrist-worn accelerometers was used to assess PA levels. Air pollution levels (NO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM2.5 absorbance) were estimated with land use regression methods. Incident all-cause dementia was derived from inpatient hospital records and death registry data. RESULTS In adjusted models, ACCave was associated with reduced risk of developing dementia (HR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.83), whereas air pollution variables were not associated with dementia risk. There were significant interactions between ACCave and PM2.5 (HRinteraction = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.13-1.57) and PM2.5 absorbance (HRinteraction = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.45) on incident dementia. At the lowest tertiles of pollution, ACCave was associated with reduced risk of incident dementia (HRPM 2.5 = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.91; HRPM 2.5 absorbance = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.44-0.81). At the highest tertiles of these pollutants, there was no significant association of ACCave with incident dementia (HRPM 2.5 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.68-1.14; HRPM 2.5 absorbance = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.60-1.04). CONCLUSIONS PA is associated with reduced risk of developing all-cause dementia. However, exposure to even moderate levels of air pollution attenuates the benefits of PA on risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Kimberly L Parra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Rand R Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA
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Parra KL, Alexander GE, Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Furlong MA. Exposure to air pollution and risk of incident dementia in the UK Biobank. Environ Res 2022; 209:112895. [PMID: 35149105 PMCID: PMC8976829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution may cause inflammatory and oxidative stress damage to the brain, leading to neurodegenerative disease. The association between air pollution and dementia, and modification by apolipoprotein E genotype 4 (APOE-ε4) has yet to be fully investigated. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of air pollution with three types of incident dementias (Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VAD)), and their potential modification by APOE-ε4 genotype. METHODS The UK Biobank enrolled >500,000 participants (2006-2010) with ongoing follow-up. We used annual averages of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5absorbance, NO2, NOX) for 2010 scaled to interquartile ranges (IQR). We included individuals aged ≥60 years, with no dementia diagnosis prior to January 1, 2010. Time to incident dementia and follow-up time were reported from baseline (January 01, 2010) to last censor event (death, last hospitalization, or loss to follow-up). Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate the association of air pollutants and incident dementia, and modification of these associations by APOE-ε4. RESULTS Our sample included 187,194 individuals (including N = 680 AD, N = 377 VAD, N = 63 FTD) with a mean follow-up of 7.04 years. We observed consistent associations of PM2.5 with greater risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.24) and AD (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29). NO2 was also associated with greater risk of any incident dementia (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.25), AD (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.28) and VAD (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35). APOE-ε4 did not modify the association between any air pollutants and dementia. DISCUSSION PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with several types of dementia, and these associations were not modified by APOE-ε4. Findings from the UK Biobank support and extend to other epidemiological evidence for the potential association of air pollutants with detrimental brain health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Parra
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, BIO5 Institute, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa A Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Furlong MA, Alexander GE, Klimentidis YC, Raichlen DA. Association of Air Pollution and Physical Activity With Brain Volumes. Neurology 2022; 98:e416-e426. [PMID: 34880089 PMCID: PMC8793107 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In high-pollution areas, physical activity may have a paradoxical effect on brain health by increasing particulate deposition in the lungs. We examined whether physical activity modifies associations of air pollution (AP) with brain volumes in an epidemiologic framework. METHODS The UK Biobank enrolled >500,000 adult participants from 2006 to 2010. Wrist accelerometers, multimodal MRI with T1 images and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery data, and land use regression were used to estimate vigorous physical activity (VigPA), structural brain volumes, and AP, respectively, in subsets of the full sample. We evaluated associations among AP interquartile ranges, VigPA, and brain structure volumes and assessed interactions between AP and VigPA. RESULTS Eight thousand six hundred participants were included, with an average age of 55.55 (SD 7.46) years. After correction for multiple testing, in overall models, VigPA was positively associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and negatively associated with white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), while NO2, PM2.5absorbance, and PM2.5 were negatively associated with GMV. NO2 and PM2.5absorbance interacted with VigPA on WMHV (false discovery rate-corrected interaction p = 0.037). Associations between these air pollutants and WMHVs were stronger among participants with high VigPA. Similarly, VigPA was negatively associated with WMHV for those in areas of low NO2 and PM2.5absorbance but was null among those living in areas of high NO2 and PM2.5absorbance. DISCUSSION: Physical activity is associated with beneficial brain outcomes, while AP is associated with detrimental brain outcomes. VigPA may exacerbate associations of AP with white matter hyperintensity lesions, and AP may attenuate the beneficial associations of physical activity with these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Furlong
- From the Department of Community, Environment, and Policy (M.A.F.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (G.E.A.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (G.E.A.), BIO5 Institute (G.E.A., Y.C.K.), Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs (G.E.A.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Y.C.K.), University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (G.E.A.), Phoenix; and Human and Evolutionary Biology Section (D.A.R.), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
| | - Gene E Alexander
- From the Department of Community, Environment, and Policy (M.A.F.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (G.E.A.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (G.E.A.), BIO5 Institute (G.E.A., Y.C.K.), Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs (G.E.A.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Y.C.K.), University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (G.E.A.), Phoenix; and Human and Evolutionary Biology Section (D.A.R.), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- From the Department of Community, Environment, and Policy (M.A.F.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (G.E.A.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (G.E.A.), BIO5 Institute (G.E.A., Y.C.K.), Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs (G.E.A.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Y.C.K.), University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (G.E.A.), Phoenix; and Human and Evolutionary Biology Section (D.A.R.), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David A Raichlen
- From the Department of Community, Environment, and Policy (M.A.F.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (G.E.A.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (G.E.A.), BIO5 Institute (G.E.A., Y.C.K.), Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs (G.E.A.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Y.C.K.), University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (G.E.A.), Phoenix; and Human and Evolutionary Biology Section (D.A.R.), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Ramadan FA, Bea JW, Garcia DO, Ellingson KD, Canales RA, Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC. Association of sedentary and physical activity behaviours with body composition: a genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001291. [PMID: 35990758 PMCID: PMC9351346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Studies suggest that body composition can be independently improved through physical activity (PA). We performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to test the incremental benefits of sedentary behaviour and various PA exposures on body composition outcomes as assessed by anthropometric indices, lean body mass (kg), body fat (%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (kg). Methods Genetic instruments were identified for both self-reported and accelerometer-measured sedentary behaviour and PA. Outcomes included anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of adiposity, extracted from the UK Biobank and the largest available consortia. Multivariable MR (MVMR) included educational attainment as a covariate to address potential confounding. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for weak instrument bias and pleiotropic effects. Results We did not identify consistent associations between genetically predicted self-reported and accelerometer-measured sedentary behaviour and body composition outcomes. All analyses for self-reported moderate PA were null for body composition outcomes. Genetically predicted PA at higher intensities was protective against VAT in MR and MVMR analyses of both accelerometer-measured vigorous PA (MVMR β=-0.15, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.07, p<0.001) and self-reported participation in strenuous sports or other exercises (MVMR β=-0.27, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.01, p=0.034) was robust across several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions We did not identify evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted PA and body composition, with the exception of a putatively protective effect of higher-intensity PA on VAT. Protective effects of PA against VAT may support prior evidence of biological pathways through which PA decreases risk of downstream cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David O Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katherine D Ellingson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert A Canales
- Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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20
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Kraft TS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Crittenden AN, Holowka NB, Stieglitz J, Harris J, Raichlen DA, Wood B, Gurven M, Pontzer H. The energetics of uniquely human subsistence strategies. Science 2021; 374:eabf0130. [PMID: 34941390 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vivek V Venkataraman
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian J Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Harris
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Wood
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Westerterp KR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Cooper R, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Wong WW, Speakman JR. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1583-1589. [PMID: 34477824 PMCID: PMC8574623 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. OBJECTIVES A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. RESULTS PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. CONCLUSIONS If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan,Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, United Kingdom
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN–Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with African Regional Agreement for Research/International Atomic Energy Agency, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien. CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan G J A Camps
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sai K Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Barry W Fudge
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Annelies H Goris
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN–Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with African Regional Agreement for Research/International Atomic Energy Agency, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marije B Hoos
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | - Annemiek M Joosen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Kitty P Kempen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Misaka Kimura
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Robert F Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Erwin P Meijer
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | | | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberto A Rabinovich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Giulio Valenti
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludo M Van Etten
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, and Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Antropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Address correspondence to JRS (E-mail: ) and AHL, HP, JR, HS, DAS, YY, and WWW as members of the database management group and additional corresponding authors
| | - International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group
BranthStefanUniversity of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenColbertLisa HKinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USADe BruinNiels CErasmus University, Rotterdam, NetherlandsDutmanAlice ETNO Quality of Life, Zeist, NetherlandsElmståhlSölveLund University, Lund, SwedenFogelholmMikaelDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, FinlandHarrisTamaraNIH, Bethesda, MD, USAHeijligenbergRikAcademic Medical Center of Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, NetherlandsJorgensenHans UBispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkLarssonChristel LRothenbergElisabet MUniversity of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenMcCloskeyMargaretRoyal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, United KingdomMeijerGerwin APannemansDaphne LSchulzSabineVan den Berg-EmonsRitaVan GemertWim GWilhelmineWVerboeket-van deVenneVerbuntJeanine AMaastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsPhilippaertsRenaat MKatholieke University Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumSubarAmyEpidemiology and Genomics, Division of Cancer Control, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USATanskanenMinnaUniversity of Jyväskilä, Jyväskilä, FinlandUauyRicardoInstitute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, ChileVelthuis-te WierikErica JTNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, Netherlands
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22
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Pontzer H, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SG, Close GL, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Das SK, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin C, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl C, Luke AH, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Speakman JR. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course. Science 2021; 373:808-812. [PMID: 34385400 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan. .,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Stephane Blanc
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutritiion, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Barry W Fudge
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Candos, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Robert F Kushner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Kenya School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,Rwanda Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda
| | | | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | | | - Giulio Valenti
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Phillips Research, Eindoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Maastricht and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
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23
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Raichlen DA, Pontzer H. Energetic and endurance constraints on great ape quadrupedalism and the benefits of hominin bipedalism. Evol Anthropol 2021; 30:253-261. [PMID: 34347329 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bipedal walking was one of the first key behavioral traits that defined the evolution of early hominins. While it is not possible to identify specific selection pressures underlying bipedal evolution, we can better understand how the adoption of bipedalism may have benefited our hominin ancestors. Here, we focus on how bipedalism relaxes constraints on nonhuman primate quadrupedal limb mechanics, providing key advantages during hominin evolution. Nonhuman primate quadrupedal kinematics, especially in our closest living relatives, the great apes, are dominated by highly flexed limb joints, often associated with high energy costs, and are constrained by the need to reduce loads on mobile, but less stable forelimb joints. Bipedal walking would have allowed greater hind limb joint extension, which is associated with reduced energy costs and increased endurance. We suggest that relaxing these constraints provided bipedal hominins important benefits associated with long distance foraging and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Bharadwaj PK, Alexander GE. Differential associations of engagement in physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with brain volume in middle-aged to older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1994-2003. [PMID: 31209836 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has confirmed the benefits of aerobic exercise for brain aging, however mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Two measures of exercise, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), may reflect different pathways linking activity to brain health. Using data from the UK Biobank, the largest sample combining neuroimaging and objectively measured MVPA available to date (n = 7148, nmale = 3062, nfemale = 4086; age = 62.14 ± 7.40 years), we found that, when adjusted for covariates including MVPA, CRF was positively associated with overall gray matter volume (FDR p = 1.28E-05). In contrast, when adjusted for covariates including CRF, MVPA was positively associated with left and right hippocampal (FDR pleft = 0.01; FDR pright = 0.02) volumes, but not overall gray matter volume. Both CRF and MVPA were inversely associated with white matter hyperintensity lesion loads (FDR pCRF = 0.002; pMVPA = 0.02). Our results suggest separable effects of engagement in exercise behaviors (MVPA) and the physiological effects of exercise (CRF) on structural brain volumes, which may have implications for differential pathways linking exercise and brain benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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25
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Wood BM, Harris JA, Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Sayre K, Sancilio A, Berbesque C, Crittenden AN, Mabulla A, McElreath R, Cashdan E, Jones JH. Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:436-446. [PMID: 33398143 PMCID: PMC8060163 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record 2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender differences should arise in a hunter-gatherer context. As predicted, we find that men walked further per day, explored more land, followed more sinuous paths and were more likely to be alone. These data are consistent with the ecology of male- and female-targeted foods and suggest that male landscape use is more navigationally challenging in this hunter-gatherer context. Comparisons of Hadza space use with space use data available for non-human primates suggest that the sexual division of labour likely co-evolved with increased sex differences in spatial behaviour and landscape use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jacob A Harris
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Sancilio
- The Center for Health and The Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Audax Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Richard McElreath
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Cashdan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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26
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Pontzer H, Brown MH, Wood BM, Raichlen DA, Mabulla AZP, Harris JA, Dunsworth H, Hare B, Walker K, Luke A, Dugas LR, Schoeller D, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Thompson ME, Shumaker RW, Rothman JM, Vogel E, Sulistyo F, Alavi S, Prasetyo D, Urlacher SS, Ross SR. Evolution of water conservation in humans. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1804-1810.e5. [PMID: 33675699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To sustain life, humans and other terrestrial animals must maintain a tight balance of water gain and water loss each day.1-3 However, the evolution of human water balance physiology is poorly understood due to the absence of comparative measures from other hominoids. While humans drink daily to maintain water balance, rainforest-living great apes typically obtain adequate water from their food and can go days or weeks without drinking4-6. Here, we compare isotope-depletion measures of water turnover (L/d) in zoo- and rainforest-sanctuary-housed apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) with 5 diverse human populations, including a hunter-gatherer community in a semi-arid savannah. Across the entire sample, water turnover was strongly related to total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal/d), physical activity, climate (ambient temperature and humidity), and fat free mass. In analyses controlling for those factors, water turnover was 30% to 50% lower in humans than in other apes despite humans' greater sweating capacity. Water turnover in zoo and sanctuary apes was similar to estimated turnover in wild populations, as was the ratio of water intake to dietary energy intake (∼2.8 mL/kcal). However, zoo and sanctuary apes ingested a greater ratio of water to dry matter of food, which might contribute to digestive problems in captivity. Compared to apes, humans appear to target a lower ratio of water/energy intake (∼1.5 mL/kcal). Water stress due to changes in climate, diet, and behavior apparently led to previously unknown water conservation adaptations in hominin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Mary H Brown
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Univ. California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Plank Inst. Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Univ. Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jacob A Harris
- Inst. Human Origins, School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Holly Dunsworth
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brian Hare
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kara Walker
- School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Dale Schoeller
- Nutritional Sciences, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Seychelles & Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland; Ministry of Health, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | - Robert W Shumaker
- Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Department of Anthropology and Center for Integrated Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erin Vogel
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shauhin Alavi
- Department of Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Didik Prasetyo
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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27
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Speakman JR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Berman ESF, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Creasy SA, Das SK, Cooper R, Dugas LR, Ebbeling CB, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Ludwig DS, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Melanson EL, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100203. [PMID: 33665639 PMCID: PMC7897799 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth A Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschulz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital's-Hertogenbosch, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschulz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Van Etten EJ, Klimentidis YC, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE. Interaction of Age and Self-reported Physical Sports Activity on White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:576025. [PMID: 33240074 PMCID: PMC7667263 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.576025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter (WM) lesion load, as measured by white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been associated with increasing age and cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension. Physical sports activity (PSA) may play an important role in maintaining WM in the context of healthy aging. In 196 healthy older adults, we investigated whether participants reporting high levels of PSA (n = 36) had reduced total and regional WMH volumes compared to those reporting low levels of PSA (n = 160). Age group [young-old (YO) = 50-69 years; old-old (OO) = 70-89 years], PSA group, and age by PSA group interaction effects were tested, with sex, hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. We found significant main effects for age group and age by PSA group interactions for total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes. There were no main effects of PSA group on WMH volumes. The OO group with low PSA had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes than the YO with low PSA and OO with high PSA groups. WMH volumes for the YO and OO groups with high PSA were comparable. These findings indicate an age group difference in those with low PSA, with greater WMH volumes in older adults, which was not observed in those with high PSA. The results suggest that engaging in high levels of PSA may be an important lifestyle factor that can help to diminish WMH lesion load in old age, potentially reducing the impact of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Franchetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lauren A. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emily J. Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Sayre MK, Pontzer H, Alexander GE, Wood BM, Pike IL, Mabulla AZP, Raichlen DA. Ageing and physical function in East African foragers and pastoralists. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190608. [PMID: 32951542 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lifespans are exceptionally long compared with those of other primates. A key element in exploring the evolution of human longevity is understanding how modern humans grow older. Our current understanding of common age-related changes in human health and function stems mostly from studies in industrialized societies, where older adulthood is often associated with an increased incidence of chronic diseases. However, individuals who engage in different lifestyles across industrialized and non-industrialized contexts may display variance in age-related changes in health and function. Here, we explore aspects of physical function in a non-industrialized context using three objective measures of physical function. We assessed physical activity levels, walking endurance and muscle strength in two East African populations: Hadza hunter-gatherers in Tanzania and Pokot pastoralists in Kenya. Both Hadza and Pokot participants displayed significant age-related differences in most, but not all, functional measures. Our results suggest that some age-related differences in physical function seen in industrialized contexts could be consistently experienced by most humans, while other age-related differences may vary across populations. Studies of ageing should expand to include a broad range of populations so we can create a more comprehensive understanding of how senescence varies across different lifestyle contexts. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 900079, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivy L Pike
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 900079, USA
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Hsu CH, Alexander GE. Fractal Complexity of Daily Physical Activity Patterns Differs With Age Over the Life Span and Is Associated With Mortality in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1461-1467. [PMID: 30371743 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerometers are included in a wide range of devices that monitor and track physical activity for health-related applications. However, the clinical utility of the information embedded in their rich time-series data has been greatly understudied and has yet to be fully realized. Here, we examine the potential for fractal complexity of actigraphy data to serve as a clinical biomarker for mortality risk. METHODS We use detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to analyze actigraphy data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n = 11,694). The DFA method measures fractal complexity (signal self-affinity across time-scales) as correlations between the amplitude of signal fluctuations in time-series data across a range of time-scales. The slope, α, relating the fluctuation amplitudes to the time-scales over which they were measured describes the complexity of the signal. RESULTS Fractal complexity of physical activity (α) decreased significantly with age (p = 1.29E-6) and was lower in women compared with men (p = 1.79E-4). Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults and in women were associated with greater fractal complexity. In adults aged 50-79 years, lower fractal complexity of activity (α) was associated with greater mortality (hazard ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.49-0.82) after adjusting for age, exercise engagement, chronic diseases, and other covariates associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Wearable accelerometers can provide a noninvasive biomarker of physiological aging and mortality risk after adjusting for other factors strongly associated with mortality. Thus, this fractal analysis of accelerometer signals provides a novel clinical application for wearable accelerometers, advancing efforts for remote monitoring of physiological health by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix
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Raichlen DA, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Franchetti MK, Zigman EK, Solorio AR, Alexander GE. Effects of simultaneous cognitive and aerobic exercise training on dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:83. [PMID: 32122325 PMCID: PMC7052975 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to walk and perform cognitive tasks simultaneously is a key aspect of daily life. Performance declines in these dual-tasks may be associated with early signs of neurodegenerative disease and increased risk of falls. Thus, interventions to improve dual-task walking performance are of great interest for promoting healthy aging. Here, we present results of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of a simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention on dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults. Methods Community-dwelling, healthy older adults were recruited to participate in a 12-week RCT. Participants were randomized into one of four groups (n = 74): 1) cognitive training (COG), 2) aerobic exercise (EX), 3) combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training (EXCOG), and 4) video-watching control (CON). The COG and EXCOG groups both used a tablet-based cognitive training program that challenged aspects of executive cognitive function, memory, and processing speed. Performance on a dual-task walking test (DTWT; serial subtraction during two-minute walk) was assessed by researchers blinded to groupings before the intervention, and at 6 and 12 weeks. We included all participants randomized with baseline measurements in an intention to treat analysis using linear mixed effects models. Results We found a significant group by time interaction for cognitive performance on the DTWT (p = 0.039). Specifically, participants in the EXCOG, EX, and COG groups significantly improved on the cognitive aspect of the DTWT following the full 12-week intervention (p = 3.5e-7, p = 0.048, p = 0.048, respectively). The improvements in EXCOG were twice as large as in the other groups, and were significant at 6 weeks (p = 0.019). The CON group did not show a significant change in cognitive performance on the DTWT, and no group significantly altered dual-task gait measures following the intervention. Conclusions A simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention significantly improved cognitive performance during a DTWT in healthy older adults. Despite no change in DTWT gait measures, significant improvements in cognitive performance indicate that further investigation in a larger RCT is warranted. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04120792, Retrospectively Registered 08 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA.
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren A Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Franchetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erika K Zigman
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abigail R Solorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Rosinger AY, Pontzer H, Raichlen DA, Wood BM, Tanner SN, Sands JM. Age-related decline in urine concentration may not be universal: Comparative study from the U.S. and two small-scale societies. Am J Phys Anthropol 2019; 168:705-716. [PMID: 30706445 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence from industrialized populations suggests that urine concentrating ability declines with age. However, lifestyle factors including episodic protein intake and low hypertension may help explain differences between populations. Whether this age-related decline occurs among small-scale populations with active lifestyles and non-Western diets is unknown. We test the universality of age-related urine concentration decline. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm) data from 15,055 U.S. nonpregnant adults without kidney failure aged 18-80 in 2007-2012 participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We tested the relationship of age on urine concentration biomarkers with multiple linear regressions using survey commands. We compared results to longitudinal data on Usg from 116 Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists (266 observations) adults aged 18-83 in 2013-2014 from Lowland Bolivia, and to 38 Hadza hunter-gatherers (156 observations) aged 18-75 in 2010-2015 from Tanzania using random-effects panel linear regressions. RESULTS Among U.S. adults, age was significantly negatively associated with Usg (Adjusted beta [B] = -0.0009 g/mL/10 years; SE = 0.0001; p < 0.001) and Uosm (B = -28.1 mOsm/kg/10 yr; SE = 2.4; p < 0.001). In contrast, among Tsimane' (B = 0.0003 g/mL/10 yr; SE = 0.0002; p = 0.16) and Hadza (B = -0.0004 g/mL/10 yr; SE = 0.0004; p = 0.29) age was not associated with Usg. Older Tsimane' and Hadza exhibited similar within-individual variability in Usg equivalent to younger adults. DISCUSSION While U.S. adults exhibited age-related declines in urine concentration, Tsimane' and Hadza adults did not exhibit the same statistical decline in Usg. Mismatches between evolved physiology and modern environments in lifestyle may affect kidney physiology and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan N Tanner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sayre MK, Pike IL, Raichlen DA. High levels of objectively measured physical activity across adolescence and adulthood among the Pokot pastoralists of Kenya. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 31:e23205. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivy L. Pike
- University of Arizona School of Anthropology Tucson Arizona
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Abstract
Hunter-gatherer populations are remarkable for their excellent metabolic and cardiovascular health and thus are often used as models in public health, in an effort to understand the root, evolutionary causes of non-communicable diseases. Here, we review recent work on health, activity, energetics and diet among hunter-gatherers and other small-scale societies (e.g. subsistence farmers, horticulturalists and pastoralists), as well as recent fossil and archaeological discoveries, to provide a more comprehensive perspective on lifestyle and health in these populations. We supplement these analyses with new data from the Hadza, a hunter-gatherer population in northern Tanzania. Longevity among small-scale populations approaches that of industrialized populations, and metabolic and cardiovascular disease are rare. Obesity prevalence is very low (<5%), and mean body fat percentage is modest (women: 24-28%, men: 9-18%). Activity levels are high, exceeding 100 min d-1 of moderate and vigorous physical activity, but daily energy expenditures are similar to industrialized populations. Diets in hunter-gatherer and other small-scale societies tend to be less energy dense and richer in fibre and micronutrients than modern diets but are not invariably low carbohydrate as sometimes argued. A more integrative understanding of hunter-gatherer health and lifestyle, including elements beyond diet and activity, will improve public health efforts in industrialized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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35
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Klimentidis YC, Raichlen DA, Bea J, Garcia DO, Wineinger NE, Mandarino LJ, Alexander GE, Chen Z, Going SB. Genome-wide association study of habitual physical activity in over 377,000 UK Biobank participants identifies multiple variants including CADM2 and APOE. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1161-1176. [PMID: 29899525 PMCID: PMC6195860 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) protects against a wide range of diseases. Habitual PA appears to be heritable, motivating the search for specific genetic variants that may inform efforts to promote PA and target the best type of PA for each individual. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank to perform the largest genome-wide association study of PA to date, using three measures based on self-report (nmax = 377,234) and two measures based on wrist-worn accelerometry data (nmax = 91,084). We examined genetic correlations of PA with other traits and diseases, as well as tissue-specific gene expression patterns. With data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC; n = 8,556) study, we performed a meta-analysis of our top hits for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). RESULTS We identified ten loci across all PA measures that were significant in both a basic and a fully adjusted model (p < 5 × 10-9). Upon meta-analysis of the nine top hits for MVPA with results from ARIC, eight were genome-wide significant. Interestingly, among these, the rs429358 variant in the APOE gene was the most strongly associated with MVPA, whereby the allele associated with higher Alzheimer's risk was associated with greater MVPA. However, we were not able to rule out possible selection bias underlying this result. Variants in CADM2, a gene previously implicated in obesity, risk-taking behavior and other traits, were found to be associated with habitual PA. We also identified three loci consistently associated (p < 5 × 10-5) with PA across both self-report and accelerometry, including CADM2. We found genetic correlations of PA with educational attainment, chronotype, psychiatric traits, and obesity-related traits. Tissue enrichment analyses implicate the brain and pituitary gland as locations where PA-associated loci may exert their actions. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the genetic basis of habitual PA, and the genetic links connecting PA with other traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer Bea
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David O Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Interdisciplinary Programs, BIO5 Institute, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Raichlen DA, Gordon AD. Using experimental biomechanics to reconstruct the evolution of hominin locomotor postures. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.92.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Bustos D, Jakeway J, Urban TM, Holliday VT, Fenerty B, Raichlen DA, Budka M, Reynolds SC, Allen BD, Love DW, Santucci VL, Odess D, Willey P, McDonald HG, Bennett MR. Footprints preserve terminal Pleistocene hunt? Human-sloth interactions in North America. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar7621. [PMID: 29707640 PMCID: PMC5916513 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions revealed by vertebrate trace fossils are extremely rare. We present footprint evidence from White Sands National Monument in New Mexico for the association of sloth and human trackways. Geologically, the sloth and human trackways were made contemporaneously, and the sloth trackways show evidence of evasion and defensive behavior when associated with human tracks. Behavioral inferences from these trackways indicate prey selection and suggest that humans were harassing, stalking, and/or hunting the now-extinct giant ground sloth in the terminal Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bustos
- National Park Service, White Sands National Monument, P.O. Box 1086, Holloman Air Force Base, NM 88330, USA
| | - Jackson Jakeway
- National Park Service, White Sands National Monument, P.O. Box 1086, Holloman Air Force Base, NM 88330, USA
| | - Tommy M. Urban
- Department of Classics, Tree-ring Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853–3201, USA
| | - Vance T. Holliday
- School of Anthropology, The University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brendan Fenerty
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A. Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, The University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Marcin Budka
- Institute for Studies in Landscapes and Human Evolution, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Sally C. Reynolds
- Institute for Studies in Landscapes and Human Evolution, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Bruce D. Allen
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - David W. Love
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Vincent L. Santucci
- National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240, USA
| | - Daniel Odess
- National Park Service, Cultural Resources Directorate, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240, USA
| | - Patrick Willey
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929–0400, USA
| | - H. Gregory McDonald
- Bureau of Land Management, 440 West 200 South, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, UT 84101–1345, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- Institute for Studies in Landscapes and Human Evolution, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Perchalski B, Placke A, Sukhdeo SM, Shaw CN, Gosman JH, Raichlen DA, Ryan TM. Asymmetry in the Cortical and Trabecular Bone of the Human Humerus During Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1012-1025. [PMID: 29055969 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have noted that the bones of the human upper limb display bilateral asymmetry, commonly linking this asymmetry in external and internal morphology to handedness and lateralization. Few studies, however, have attempted to track asymmetry throughout ontogeny. This study assesses the ontogenetic development of cortical and trabecular bone asymmetry in the humerus. We predict that directional asymmetry in structural properties will emerge in concert with hand preference and increased activity levels during the juvenile period. Paired humeri from 57 individuals from the Norris Farms #36 archaeological skeletal collection ranging in age from neonate to adult were used in the current study. Cortical bone cross-sectional properties and three-dimensional trabecular bone structure were quantified from microcomputed tomography data. The results indicate significant absolute asymmetry in all measured cortical and trabecular bone variables across all ages. Trabecular bone displays significantly higher absolute asymmetry than cortical bone. Contrary to expectations, however, this study found very little evidence for significant directional asymmetry in humeral length and cortical or trabecular bone variables, except in adults. The presence of significant absolute asymmetry in all age groups, and the lack of significant directional asymmetry in almost all variables at all ages, suggests that structural differences due to higher levels of habitual loading in the dominant arm are overlain on a template of potentially significant existing asymmetry. Anat Rec, 301:1012-1025, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Perchalski
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Arielle Placke
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Simone M Sukhdeo
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin N Shaw
- Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James H Gosman
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Center for Quantitative Imaging, EMS Energy Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Webber JT, Raichlen DA. The role of plantigrady and heel-strike in the mechanics and energetics of human walking with implications for the evolution of the human foot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:3729-3737. [PMID: 27903628 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human bipedal locomotion is characterized by a habitual heel-strike (HS) plantigrade gait, yet the significance of walking foot-posture is not well understood. To date, researchers have not fully investigated the costs of non-heel-strike (NHS) walking. Therefore, we examined walking speed, walk-to-run transition speed, estimated locomotor costs (lower limb muscle volume activated during walking), impact transient (rapid increase in ground force at touchdown) and effective limb length (ELL) in subjects (n=14) who walked at self-selected speeds using HS and NHS gaits. HS walking increases ELL compared with NHS walking since the center of pressure translates anteriorly from heel touchdown to toe-off. NHS gaits led to decreased absolute walking speeds (P=0.012) and walk-to-run transition speeds (P=0.0025), and increased estimated locomotor energy costs (P<0.0001) compared with HS gaits. These differences lost significance after using the dynamic similarity hypothesis to account for the effects of foot landing posture on ELL. Thus, reduced locomotor costs and increased maximum walking speeds in HS gaits are linked to the increased ELL compared with NHS gaits. However, HS walking significantly increases impact transient values at all speeds (P<0.0001). These trade-offs may be key to understanding the functional benefits of HS walking. Given the current debate over the locomotor mechanics of early hominins and the range of foot landing postures used by nonhuman apes, we suggest the consistent use of HS gaits provides key locomotor advantages to striding bipeds and may have appeared early in hominin evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Webber
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Raichlen DA, Alexander GE. Adaptive Capacity: An Evolutionary Neuroscience Model Linking Exercise, Cognition, and Brain Health. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:408-421. [PMID: 28610948 PMCID: PMC5926798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of cognitive neuroscience was transformed by the discovery that exercise induces neurogenesis in the adult brain, with the potential to improve brain health and stave off the effects of neurodegenerative disease. However, the basic mechanisms underlying exercise-brain connections are not well understood. We use an evolutionary neuroscience approach to develop the adaptive capacity model (ACM), detailing how and why physical activity improves brain function based on an energy-minimizing strategy. Building on studies showing a combined benefit of exercise and cognitive challenge to enhance neuroplasticity, our ACM addresses two fundamental questions: (i) what are the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying age-related brain atrophy, and (ii) how do lifestyle changes influence the trajectory of healthy and pathological aging?
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 East South Campus Drive, Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
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Raichlen DA, Gordon AD. Interpretation of footprints from Site S confirms human-like bipedal biomechanics in Laetoli hominins. J Hum Evol 2017; 107:134-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zeininger A, Shapiro LJ, Raichlen DA. Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons (P
apio cynocephalus
). Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 163:231-241. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zeininger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology; Duke University; Box 90383 Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Liza J. Shapiro
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Texas at Austin; 2201 Speedway C3200 Austin Texas 78712
| | - David A. Raichlen
- School of Anthropology; The University of Arizona; 1009 E. South Campus Dr Tucson Arizona 85721
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Sparrow LM, Pellatt E, Yu SS, Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Rolian C. Gait changes in a line of mice artificially selected for longer limbs. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3008. [PMID: 28243533 PMCID: PMC5324776 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In legged terrestrial locomotion, the duration of stance phase, i.e., when limbs are in contact with the substrate, is positively correlated with limb length, and negatively correlated with the metabolic cost of transport. These relationships are well documented at the interspecific level, across a broad range of body sizes and travel speeds. However, such relationships are harder to evaluate within species (i.e., where natural selection operates), largely for practical reasons, including low population variance in limb length, and the presence of confounding factors such as body mass, or training. Here, we compared spatiotemporal kinematics of gait in Longshanks, a long-legged mouse line created through artificial selection, and in random-bred, mass-matched Control mice raised under identical conditions. We used a gait treadmill to test the hypothesis that Longshanks have longer stance phases and stride lengths, and decreased stride frequencies in both fore- and hind limbs, compared with Controls. Our results indicate that gait differs significantly between the two groups. Specifically, and as hypothesized, stance duration and stride length are 8–10% greater in Longshanks, while stride frequency is 8% lower than in Controls. However, there was no difference in the touch-down timing and sequence of the paws between the two lines. Taken together, these data suggest that, for a given speed, Longshanks mice take significantly fewer, longer steps to cover the same distance or running time compared to Controls, with important implications for other measures of variation among individuals in whole-organism performance, such as the metabolic cost of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Sparrow
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Emily Pellatt
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Sabrina S Yu
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , United States
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, City University of New York, Hunter College , New York , NY , United States
| | - Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Raichlen DA, Bharadwaj PK, Fitzhugh MC, Haws KA, Torre GA, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Differences in Resting State Functional Connectivity between Young Adult Endurance Athletes and Healthy Controls. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:610. [PMID: 28018192 PMCID: PMC5147411 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Expertise and training in fine motor skills has been associated with changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity. Fewer studies have explored the neural effects of athletic activities that do not seem to rely on precise fine motor control (e.g., distance running). Here, we compared resting-state functional connectivity in a sample of adult male collegiate distance runners (n = 11; age = 21.3 ± 2.5) and a group of healthy age-matched non-athlete male controls (n = 11; age = 20.6 ± 1.1), to test the hypothesis that expertise in sustained aerobic motor behaviors affects resting state functional connectivity in young adults. Although generally considered an automated repetitive task, locomotion, especially at an elite level, likely engages multiple cognitive actions including planning, inhibition, monitoring, attentional switching and multi-tasking, and motor control. Here, we examined connectivity in three resting-state networks that link such executive functions with motor control: the default mode network (DMN), the frontoparietal network (FPN), and the motor network (MN). We found two key patterns of significant between-group differences in connectivity that are consistent with the hypothesized cognitive demands of elite endurance running. First, enhanced connectivity between the FPN and brain regions often associated with aspects of working memory and other executive functions (frontal cortex), suggest endurance running may stress executive cognitive functions in ways that increase connectivity in associated networks. Second, we found significant anti-correlations between the DMN and regions associated with motor control (paracentral area), somatosensory functions (post-central region), and visual association abilities (occipital cortex). DMN deactivation with task-positive regions has been shown to be generally beneficial for cognitive performance, suggesting anti-correlated regions observed here are engaged during running. For all between-group differences, there were significant associations between connectivity, self-reported physical activity, and estimates of maximum aerobic capacity, suggesting a dose-response relationship between engagement in endurance running and connectivity strength. Together these results suggest that differences in experience with endurance running are associated with differences in functional brain connectivity. High intensity aerobic activity that requires sustained, repetitive locomotor and navigational skills may stress cognitive domains in ways that lead to altered brain connectivity, which in turn has implications for understanding the beneficial role of exercise for brain and cognitive function over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
| | - Megan C Fitzhugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
| | - Kari A Haws
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
| | | | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, PhoenixAZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, PhoenixAZ, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
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Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Harris JA, Mabulla AZP, Marlowe FW, Josh Snodgrass J, Eick G, Colette Berbesque J, Sancilio A, Wood BM. Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter-gatherers. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27723159 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary lifestyles likely represents a mismatch with our past in terms of physical activity. The goal of this study is to explore this mismatch by characterizing MVPA and cardiovascular health in the Hadza, a modern hunting and gathering population living in Northern Tanzania. METHODS We measured MVPA using continuous heart rate monitoring in 46 participants recruited from two Hadza camps. As part of a larger survey of health in the Hadza, we measured blood pressure (n = 198) and biomarkers of cardiovascular health (n = 23) including C-reactive protein, cholesterol (Total, HDL, and LDL), and triglycerides. RESULTS We show that Hadza participants spend large amounts of time in MVPA (134.92 ± 8.6 min/day), and maintain these activity levels across the lifespan. In fact, the Hadza engage in over 14 times as much MVPA as subjects participating in large epidemiological studies in the United States. We found no evidence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this population (low prevalence of hypertension across the lifespan, optimal levels for biomarkers of cardiovascular health). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that the hunting and gathering foraging strategy involves high levels of MVPA, supporting the evolutionary medicine model for the relationship between MVPA and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065.,New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology
| | - Jacob A Harris
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | | | - Frank W Marlowe
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - Geeta Eick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - J Colette Berbesque
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Amelia Sancilio
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
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46
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47
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Pontzer H, Brown MH, Raichlen DA, Dunsworth H, Hare B, Walker K, Luke A, Dugas LR, Durazo-Arvizu R, Schoeller D, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Thompson ME, Shumaker RW, Ross SR. Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size and life history. Nature 2016; 533:390-2. [PMID: 27144364 PMCID: PMC4942851 DOI: 10.1038/nature17654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans are distinguished from the other living apes in having larger brains and an unusual life history that combines high reproductive output with slow childhood growth and exceptional longevity. This suite of derived traits suggests major changes in energy expenditure and allocation in the human lineage, but direct measures of human and ape metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy strategies among hominoids. Here we used doubly labelled water measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal day(-1)) in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to test the hypothesis that the human lineage has experienced an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for larger brains and faster reproduction without sacrificing maintenance and longevity. In multivariate regressions including body size and physical activity, human TEE exceeded that of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and orangutans by approximately 400, 635 and 820 kcal day(-1), respectively, readily accommodating the cost of humans' greater brain size and reproductive output. Much of the increase in TEE is attributable to humans' greater basal metabolic rate (kcal day(-1)), indicating increased organ metabolic activity. Humans also had the greatest body fat percentage. An increased metabolic rate, along with changes in energy allocation, was crucial in the evolution of human brain size and life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College. 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mary H Brown
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1099 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, Arizona 85716, USA
| | - Holly Dunsworth
- Department of Sociology &Anthropology, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Rd, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Brian Hare
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Kara Walker
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Ramon Durazo-Arvizu
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Dale Schoeller
- Nutritional Sciences, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social &Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, PO Box 52, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, 25 West Road, UWI Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Robert W Shumaker
- Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 W Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Integrated Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 701 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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Klimentidis YC, Arora A, Chougule A, Zhou J, Raichlen DA. FTO association and interaction with time spent sitting. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:411-6. [PMID: 26392018 PMCID: PMC4783205 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Multiple studies have revealed an interaction between a variant in the FTO gene and self-reported physical activity on body-mass index (BMI). Physical inactivity, such as time spent sitting (TSS) has recently gained attention as an important risk factor for obesity and related diseases. It is possible that FTO interacts with TSS to affect BMI, and/or that FTO's putative effect on BMI is mediated through TSS. Subjects/Methods We tested these hypotheses in two cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (Offspring: n=3,430, and 3rd Generation: n=3,888), and attempted to replicate our results in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (n= 4,756). Specifically, we examined whether an association exists between FTO and self-reported TSS, and whether an interaction exists between FTO and TSS on BMI, while adjusting for several important covariates such as physical activity. Results In FHS, we find a significant positive association between the BMI-increasing FTO allele and TSS. We find a similar trend in WHI. Mediation analyses suggest that the effect of FTO on BMI is mediated through TSS. In FHS, we find a significant interaction of FTO and TSS on BMI, whereby the association of TSS with BMI is greatest among those with more FTO risk alleles. In WHI, we also find a significant interaction, although the direction is opposite to that in FHS. In a meta-analysis of the two datasets, there is no net interaction of FTO with TSS on BMI. Conclusions Our study suggests that FTO exerts its effect on BMI, at least partly, through energy expenditure mechanisms such as TSS. Further research into the intersection of genetics, sedentary behavior, and obesity-related outcomes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A Chougule
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Pontzer H, Raichlen DA, Wood BM, Emery Thompson M, Racette SB, Mabulla AZ, Marlowe FW. Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza hunter-gatherers. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:628-37. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology; Hunter College; City University of New York; New York City New York
- New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology; New York City New York
| | | | - Brian M. Wood
- Department of Anthropology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Susan B. Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | | | - Frank W. Marlowe
- Department of Anthropology; Cambridge University; Cambridge United Kingdom
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Shapiro LJ, Cole WG, Young JW, Raichlen DA, Robinson SR, Adolph KE. Human quadrupeds, primate quadrupedalism, and Uner Tan Syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101758. [PMID: 25029457 PMCID: PMC4100729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, an extensive literature documents individuals from several families afflicted with "Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS)," a condition that in its most extreme form is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, loss of balance and coordination, impaired cognitive abilities, and habitual quadrupedal gait on hands and feet. Some researchers have interpreted habitual use of quadrupedalism by these individuals from an evolutionary perspective, suggesting that it represents an atavistic expression of our quadrupedal primate ancestry or "devolution." In support of this idea, individuals with "UTS" are said to use diagonal sequence quadrupedalism, a type of quadrupedal gait that distinguishes primates from most other mammals. Although the use of primate-like quadrupedal gait in humans would not be sufficient to support the conclusion of evolutionary "reversal," no quantitative gait analyses were presented to support this claim. Using standard gait analysis of 518 quadrupedal strides from video sequences of individuals with "UTS", we found that these humans almost exclusively used lateral sequence-not diagonal sequence-quadrupedal gaits. The quadrupedal gait of these individuals has therefore been erroneously described as primate-like, further weakening the "devolution" hypothesis. In fact, the quadrupedalism exhibited by individuals with UTS resembles that of healthy adult humans asked to walk quadrupedally in an experimental setting. We conclude that quadrupedalism in healthy adults or those with a physical disability can be explained using biomechanical principles rather than evolutionary assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J. Shapiro
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Whitney G. Cole
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Robinson
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Adolph
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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