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Li J, Xin Y, Wang Z, Li J, Li W, Li H. The role of cardiac resident macrophage in cardiac aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14008. [PMID: 37817547 PMCID: PMC10726886 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in longevity research have provided insights into the impact of cardiac aging on the structural and functional aspects of the heart. Notable changes include the gradual remodeling of the myocardium, the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and the decline in both systolic and diastolic functions. Macrophages, a type of immune cell, play a pivotal role in innate immunity by serving as vigilant agents against pathogens, facilitating wound healing, and orchestrating the development of targeted acquired immune responses. Distinct subsets of macrophages are present within the cardiac tissue and demonstrate varied functions in response to myocardial injury. The differentiation of cardiac macrophages according to their developmental origin has proven to be a valuable strategy in identifying reparative macrophage populations, which originate from embryonic cells and reside within the tissue, as well as inflammatory macrophages, which are derived from monocytes and recruited to the heart. These subsets of macrophages possess unique characteristics and perform distinct functions. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the roles and phenotypes of cardiac macrophages in various conditions, including the steady state, aging, and other pathological conditions. Additionally, it will highlight areas that require further investigation to expand our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaojia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular DiseaseBeijingChina
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Bian Y, Xiang Z, Wang Y, Ren Q, Chen G, Xiang B, Wang J, Zhang C, Pei S, Guo S, Xiao L. Immunomodulatory roles of metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1285455. [PMID: 38035026 PMCID: PMC10684723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1285455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune pathology characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and gradually advancing bone destruction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as a family of zinc-containing enzymes, have been found to play an important role in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs participate in processes of cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and cell metabolism. A growing number of persons have paid attention to their function in inflammatory and immune diseases. In this review, the details of regulation of MMPs expression and its expression in RA are summarized. The role of MMPs in ECM remodeling, angiogenesis, oxidative and nitrosative stress, cell migration and invasion, cytokine and chemokine production, PANoptosis and bone destruction in RA disease are discussed. Additionally, the review summarizes clinical trials targeting MMPs in inflammatory disease and discusses the potential of MMP inhibition in the therapeutic context of RA. MMPs may serve as biomarkers for drug response, pathology stratification, and precision medicine to improve clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Bian
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guoming Chen
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bei Xiang
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqiang Pei
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ringström N, Edling C, Nalesso G, Jeevaratnam K. Framing Heartaches: The Cardiac ECM and the Effects of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4713. [PMID: 36902143 PMCID: PMC10003270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in several pathological conditions, and age itself is also associated with certain changes in the heart: it gets larger and stiffer, and it develops an increased risk of abnormal intrinsic rhythm. This, therefore, makes conditions such as atrial arrythmia more common. Many of these changes are directly related to the ECM, yet the proteomic composition of the ECM and how it changes with age is not fully resolved. The limited research progress in this field is mainly due to the intrinsic challenges in unravelling tightly bound cardiac proteomic components and also the time-consuming and costly dependency on animal models. This review aims to give an overview of the composition of the cardiac ECM, how different components aid the function of the healthy heart, how the ECM is remodelled and how it is affected by ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
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Li G, Yang J, Zhang D, Wang X, Han J, Guo X. Research Progress of Myocardial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889706. [PMID: 35958428 PMCID: PMC9357935 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population and the increasing incidence of basic illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes (DM), the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased significantly. AF is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, which can cause heart failure (HF) and ischemic stroke (IS), increasing disability and mortality. Current studies point out that myocardial fibrosis (MF) is one of the most critical substrates for the occurrence and maintenance of AF. Although myocardial biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating MF, it is rarely used in clinical practice because it is an invasive procedure. In addition, serological indicators and imaging methods have also been used to evaluate MF. Nevertheless, the accuracy of serological markers in evaluating MF is controversial. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of MF, serological evaluation, imaging evaluation, and anti-fibrosis treatment to discuss the existing problems and provide new ideas for MF and AF evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueya Guo,
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Liu CL, Chien MN, Hsu YC, Cheng SP. Transcriptomic Characteristics Associated With Aging in the Thyroid Gland. Front Nutr 2022; 9:859702. [PMID: 35694164 PMCID: PMC9174607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging thyroid is associated with a plethora of morphological and functional changes. Limited studies have addressed the gene expression signature in the aging thyroid, except for sporadic reports using data from postmortem samples in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. In this investigation, we analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 58 samples of normal-appearing counterpart thyroid tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Aging-correlated genes were identified by determining the Spearman rank-order correlation between patient age and gene expression level. Additionally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis and conducted a weighted correlation network analysis. The results were compared with those analyzed using the GTEx data. The over-represented protein class of aging-correlated genes is mainly metabolite interconversion enzymes. Our analyses identified alterations in immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial functions, cytoskeletal proteins, as well as amino acid and cytochrome P450 metabolism. There was no significant association between thyroid differentiation and age. Our findings may shed molecular light on thyroid disorders in the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shih-Ping Cheng
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Goswami SK, Ranjan P, Dutta RK, Verma SK. Management of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105912. [PMID: 34562603 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Recently, the role of inflammation in the progression of diseases has significantly attracted considerable attention. In addition, various comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, etc. exacerbate inflammation in the cardiovascular system, which ultimately leads to heart failure. Furthermore, cytokines released from specialized immune cells are key mediators of cardiac inflammation. Here, in this review article, we focused on the role of selected immune cells and cytokines (both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) in the regulation of cardiac inflammation and ultimately in cardiovascular diseases. While IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ are associated with cardiac inflammation; IL-10, TGFβ, etc. are associated with resolution of inflammation and cardiac repair. IL-10 reduces cardiovascular inflammation and protects the cardiovascular system via interaction with SMAD2, p53, HuR, miR-375 and miR-21 pathway. In addition, we also highlighted recent advancements in the management of cardiac inflammation, including clinical trials of anti-inflammatory molecules to alleviate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Role in Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Quercetin on Heart Function in Aged Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094457. [PMID: 33923282 PMCID: PMC8123171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms may contribute to cardiovascular pathology associated with diabetes, including dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Quercetin (QCT) is a substance with preventive effects in treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore effects of chronic QCT administration on changes in heart function in aged lean and obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and that in association with MMPs. Signaling underlying effects of diabetes and QCT were also investigated. In the study, we used one-year-old lean and obese ZDF rats treated for 6 weeks with QCT. Results showed that obesity worsened heart function and this was associated with MMP-2 upregulation, MMP-28 downregulation, and inhibition of superoxide dismutases (SODs). Treatment with QCT did not modulate diabetes-induced changes in heart function and MMPs. However, QCT activated Akt kinase and reversed effects of diabetes on SODs inhibition. In conclusion, worsened heart function due to obesity involved changes in MMP-2 and MMP-28 and attenuation of antioxidant defense by SOD. QCT did not have positive effects on improvement of heart function or modulation of MMPs. Nevertheless, its application mediated activation of adaptive responses against oxidative stress through Akt kinase and prevention of diabetes-induced negative effects on antioxidant defense by SODs.
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Zhou K, Guo T, Xu Y, Guo R. Correlation Between Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-28 Levels and Severity of Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925260. [PMID: 32950995 PMCID: PMC7526340 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease is a common cardiovascular disorder worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma matrix metalloproteinase-28 (MMP-28) levels and the severity of calcific aortic valve stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Calcific aortic valve stenosis patients who were admitted to the heart center of our hospital between January 2016 and January 2019 to undergo surgery were successively enrolled in this study (55 males and 24 females with an average age of 58.5±9.6). Information on echocardiography, plasma MMP-28 levels, and other clinical data of the patients was retrospectively collected. RESULTS The average plasma MMP-28 level was 2.43±2.22 ng/mL (range, 0.22-8.27 ng/mL). Plasma MMP-28 levels in patients with mild (n=24), moderate (n=31), or severe (n=24) aortic valve stenosis were 0.74 (0.25-2.23), 1.46 (0.50-3.22), and 4.13 (1.54-6.18) ng/mL, respectively, indicating that the patients with severe aortic valve stenosis had significantly higher MMP-28 levels than the patients with moderate or mild aortic valve stenosis (both P<0.01). Regression analysis using the general linear model further revealed that plasma MMP-28 level was correlated with the peak blood flow velocity and mean pressure gradient of the transaortic valve, and the correlations were statistically significant (both P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS MMP-28 level is significantly elevated in severe cases of calcific aortic valve stenosis. Moreover, plasma MMP-28 levels are positively correlated with the mean pressure gradients and peak blood flow velocity of the transaortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Krebber MM, van Dijk CGM, Vernooij RWM, Brandt MM, Emter CA, Rau CD, Fledderus JO, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Cheng C, Joles JA. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186742. [PMID: 32937927 PMCID: PMC7555240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are pivotal regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and could, due to their dynamic activity, function as prognostic tools for fibrosis and cardiac function in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We conducted a systematic review on experimental animal models of LVDD and HFpEF published in MEDLINE or Embase. Twenty-three studies were included with a total of 36 comparisons that reported established LVDD, quantification of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac MMP or TIMP expression or activity. LVDD/HFpEF models were divided based on underlying pathology: hemodynamic overload (17 comparisons), metabolic alteration (16 comparisons) or ageing (3 comparisons). Meta-analysis showed that echocardiographic parameters were not consistently altered in LVDD/HFpEF with invasive hemodynamic measurements better representing LVDD. Increased myocardial fibrotic area indicated comparable characteristics between hemodynamic and metabolic models. Regarding MMPs and TIMPs; MMP2 and MMP9 activity and protein and TIMP1 protein levels were mainly enhanced in hemodynamic models. In most cases only mRNA was assessed and there were no correlations between cardiac tissue and plasma levels. Female gender, a known risk factor for LVDD and HFpEF, was underrepresented. Novel studies should detail relevant model characteristics and focus on MMP and TIMP protein expression and activity to identify predictive circulating markers in cardiac ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle M. Krebber
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Christian G. M. van Dijk
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Robin W. M. Vernooij
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. Brandt
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Christoph D. Rau
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Joost O. Fledderus
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 8599, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (C.G.M.v.D.); (R.W.M.V.); (J.O.F.); (M.C.V.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Daseke MJ, Tenkorang-Impraim MAA, Ma Y, Chalise U, Konfrst SR, Garrett MR, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Lindsey ML. Exogenous IL-4 shuts off pro-inflammation in neutrophils while stimulating anti-inflammation in macrophages to induce neutrophil phagocytosis following myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 145:112-121. [PMID: 32574573 PMCID: PMC7483959 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages and neutrophils are primary leukocytes involved in the inflammatory response to myocardial infarction (MI). While interleukin (IL)-4 is an in vitro anti-inflammatory stimulus, the MI myocardium does not express a considerable amount of IL-4 but does express IL4 receptors. We hypothesized that continuous exogenous IL-4 infusion starting 24 h after MI would promote a polarization switch in inflammatory cells towards a reparative phenotype. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice (3-6 months of age) were subcutaneously infused with either saline (n = 17) or IL-4 (20 ng/g/day; n = 17) beginning 24 h after MI and evaluated at MI day 3. RESULTS Macrophages and neutrophils were isolated ex vivo from the infarct region and examined. Exogenous IL-4 decreased pro-inflammatory Ccl3, Il12a, Tnfa, and Tgfb1 in neutrophils and increased anti-inflammatory Arg1 and Ym1 in macrophages (all p < .05). Tissue clearance by IL-4 treated neutrophils was not different, while selective phagocytosis of neutrophils doubled in IL-4 treated macrophages (p < .05). Of 24,339 genes examined by RNA-sequencing, 2042 genes were differentially expressed in macrophages from IL-4 stimulated infarct (all FDR p < .05). Pdgfc gene expression was ranked first, increasing 3-fold in macrophages stimulated with IL-4 (p = 1 × 10-9). Importantly, changes in macrophage physiology and transcriptome occurred in the absence of global LV effects. Bone marrow derived monocytes stimulated with mouse recombinant PDGF-CC protein (10 μg/ml) or PDGF-CC blocking antibody (200 ng/ml) did not change Arg1 or Ym1 expression, indicating the in vivo effect of IL-4 to stimulate macrophage anti-inflammatory gene expression was independent of PDGF-CC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that exogenous IL-4 promotes inflammation resolution by turning off pro-inflammation in neutrophils while stimulating anti-inflammation in macrophages to mediate removal of apoptotic neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Daseke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mavis A A Tenkorang-Impraim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-28 Levels Are Related to GRACE Scores and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9206703. [PMID: 32596395 PMCID: PMC7273487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9206703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of matrix metalloproteinase-28 (MMP-28) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) scores as well as their short-term prognosis. Methods Two hundred eleven patients with AMI were enrolled, and their basic clinical characteristics were collected for determining the GRACE score. We measured the plasma levels of MMP-28 and other biomarkers in the study population. The association of MMP-28 levels with cardiac events and cardiac deaths occurring within 30 days of discharge was evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Results The MMP-28 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the level of MMP-28 was positively correlated with the GRACE score in patients with AMI (R2 = 0.366, P < 0.05). Cox multivariate regression results showed that MMP-28 was associated with cardiovascular events during the hospitalization and 30 days after discharge (P < 0.01). In addition, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that cardiac events and deaths were significantly higher in patients with MMP-28 ≥ 1.21 ng/mL (all P < 0.01). Conclusion There is a correlation between the plasma MMP-28 level and GRACE score in patients with AMI. MMP-28 is also associated with cardiovascular events and cardiovascular deaths during the hospitalization of patients and within 30 days of discharge.
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Association of MMP-1 (rs1799750)-1607 2G/2G and MMP-3 (rs3025058)-1612 6A/6A Genotypes With Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Iranian Turks. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:420-425. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Syed M, Ball JP, Mathis KW, Hall ME, Ryan MJ, Rothenberg ME, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. MicroRNA-21 ablation exacerbates aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury, remodeling, and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1154-E1167. [PMID: 30153065 PMCID: PMC6336952 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by excess aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland independent of the renin-angiotensin system and accounts for ~10% of hypertensive patients. Excess aldosterone causes cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and hypertension. The molecular mechanisms that trigger the onset and progression of aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in multiple cardiac pathologies; however, their regulation and role in aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction remains mostly unknown. We previously reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is the most upregulated miRNA by excess aldosterone in the left ventricle in a rat experimental model of primary aldosteronism. To elucidate the role of miR-21 in aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction, miR-21 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were treated with aldosterone infusion and salt in the drinking water for 2 or 8 wk. miR-21 genetic ablation exacerbated aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Furthermore, miR-21 genetic ablation increased the cardiac expression of fibrosis and inflammation markers and fetal gene program. miR-21 genetic ablation increased aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac dysfunction but did not affect aldosterone/salt-mediated hypertension. miR-21 target gene Sprouty 2 may be implicated in the cardiac effects of miR-21 genetic ablation. Our study shows that miR-21 genetic ablation exacerbates aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, injury, and dysfunction blood pressure independently. These results suggest that miR-21 plays a protective role in the cardiac pathology triggered by excess aldosterone. Furthermore, miR-21 supplementation may be a novel therapeutic approach to abolish or mitigate excess aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular deleterious effects in primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Syed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jana P Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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15
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LXR/RXR signaling and neutrophil phenotype following myocardial infarction classify sex differences in remodeling. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:40. [PMID: 30132266 PMCID: PMC6105266 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in heart failure development following myocardial infarction (MI) are not fully understood. We hypothesized that differential MI signaling could explain variations in outcomes. Analysis of the mouse heart attack research tool 1.0 (422 mice; young = 5.4 ± 0.1; old = 23.3 ± 0.1 months of age) was used to dissect MI signaling pathways, which was validated in a new cohort of mice (4.8 ± 0.2 months of age); and substantiated in humans. Plasma collected at visit 2 from the MI subset of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS; a community-based study consisting of middle aged and older adults of African ancestry) underwent glycoproteomics grouped by outcome: (1) heart failure hospitalization after visit 2 (n = 3 men/12 women) and (2) without hospitalization through 2012 (n = 24 men/21 women). Compared to young male mice, the infarct region of young females had fewer, but more efficient tissue clearing neutrophils with reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression. Apolipoprotein (Apo) F, which acts upstream of the liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway, was elevated in the day 7 infarcts of old mice compared to young controls and was increased in both men and women with heart failure. In vitro, Apo F stimulated CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation in male neutrophils to turn off NF-κB activation and stimulate LXR/RXR signaling to initiate resolution. Female neutrophils were desensitized to Apo F and instead relied on thrombospondin-1 stimulation of CD36 to upregulate AMP-activated protein kinase, resulting in an overall better wound healing strategy. With age, female mice were desensitized to LXR/RXR signaling, resulting in enhanced interleukin-6 activation, a finding replicated in the JHS community cohort. This is the first report to uncover sex differences in post-MI neutrophil signaling that yielded better outcomes in young females and worse outcomes with age.
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Zhan G, Wenhua G, Jie H, Xiang Q, Lingzhi C, Xue X, Xing-Xing C, Qianli Z, Weijian H, Hao Z. Potential roles of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-28 (MMP-28) in patients with atrial fibrillation. Life Sci 2018; 204:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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DeLeon-Pennell KY, Iyer RP, Ma Y, Yabluchanskiy A, Zamilpa R, Chiao YA, Cannon PL, Kaplan A, Cates CA, Flynn ER, Halade GV, de Castro Brás LE, Lindsey ML. The Mouse Heart Attack Research Tool 1.0 database. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H522-H530. [PMID: 29775405 PMCID: PMC6172643 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00172.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of big data has enabled systems-level dissections into the mechanisms of cardiovascular pathology. Integration of genetic, proteomic, and pathophysiological variables across platforms and laboratories fosters discoveries through multidisciplinary investigations and minimizes unnecessary redundancy in research efforts. The Mouse Heart Attack Research Tool (mHART) consolidates a large data set of over 10 yr of experiments from a single laboratory for cardiovascular investigators to generate novel hypotheses and identify new predictive markers of progressive left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. We designed the mHART REDCap database using our own data to integrate cardiovascular community participation. We generated physiological, biochemical, cellular, and proteomic outputs from plasma and left ventricles obtained from post-MI and no-MI (naïve) control groups. We included both male and female mice ranging in age from 3 to 36 mo old. After variable collection, data underwent quality assessment for data curation (e.g., eliminate technical errors, check for completeness, remove duplicates, and define terms). Currently, mHART 1.0 contains >888,000 data points and includes results from >2,100 unique mice. Database performance was tested, and an example is provided to illustrate database utility. This report explains how the first version of the mHART database was established and provides researchers with a standard framework to aid in the integration of their data into our database or in the development of a similar database. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Mouse Heart Attack Research Tool combines >888,000 cardiovascular data points from >2,100 mice. We provide this large data set as a REDCap database to generate novel hypotheses and identify new predictive markers of adverse left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction in mice and provide examples of use. The Mouse Heart Attack Research Tool is the first database of this size that integrates data sets across platforms that include genomic, proteomic, histological, and physiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Translational GeroScience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Presley L Cannon
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Courtney A Cates
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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Ma Y, Mouton AJ, Lindsey ML. Cardiac macrophage biology in the steady-state heart, the aging heart, and following myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2018; 191:15-28. [PMID: 29106912 PMCID: PMC5846093 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostatic maintenance of the myocardium under normal conditions and in tissue repair after injury. In the steady-state heart, resident cardiac macrophages remove senescent and dying cells and facilitate electrical conduction. In the aging heart, the shift in macrophage phenotype to a proinflammatory subtype leads to inflammaging. Following myocardial infarction (MI), macrophages recruited to the infarct produce both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors), phagocytize dead cells, and promote angiogenesis and scar formation. These diverse properties are attributed to distinct macrophage subtypes and polarization status. Infarct macrophages exhibit a proinflammatory M1 phenotype early and become polarized toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype later post-MI. Although this classification system is oversimplified and needs to be refined to accommodate the multiple different macrophage subtypes that have been recently identified, general concepts on macrophage roles are independent of subtype classification. This review summarizes current knowledge about cardiac macrophage origins, roles, and phenotypes in the steady state, with aging, and after MI, as well as highlights outstanding areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.
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Sugiyama A, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Pathophysiological roles of canstatin on myofibroblasts after myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:32-43. [PMID: 28438649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts play an important role during remodeling process after myocardial infarction through proliferation, migration, production and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and contraction. Canstatin, a 24kDa polypeptide, is cleaved from α2 chain of type IV collagen, which is a major component of basement membrane around cardiomyocytes. We examined the effects of canstatin on myofibroblasts isolated from the areas of myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction model was made by ligating left anterior descending artery of Wistar rats. Two weeks after the operation, the cells were isolated by an explant method and identified as myofibroblasts with immunofluorescence staining. Cell counting assay was performed to examine cell proliferation. Boyden chamber assay was performed to examine cell migration. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were detected by Western blotting. Collagen gel contraction assay was performed to measure cell contractility. Canstatin stimulated proliferation, secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inhibited collagen gel contraction in myofibroblasts. Canstatin increased Akt phosphorylation. LY294002, a phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt inhibitor, inhibited the canstatin-induced proliferation. NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, suppressed the inhibitory effect of canstatin on collagen gel contraction. Canstatin expression in areas of myocardial infarction 2 weeks after surgery decreased. We for the first time demonstrate that canstatin is an endogenous bioactive molecule regulating the various functions of myofibroblasts after myocardial infarction. The decrease of canstatin expression in the maturated areas of myocardial infarction might lead to stabilization of scar tissues perhaps in part through the reduction of proliferation and ECM degradation as well as the stimulation of contractility in myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Japan
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:75-100. [PMID: 28413032 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, accounting for 600,000 deaths each year in the United States. In addition, heart failure accounts for 37% of health care spending. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase after myocardial infarction (MI) and correlate with left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients. MMPs regulate the remodeling process by facilitating extracellular matrix turnover and inflammatory signaling. Due to the critical role MMPs play during cardiac remodeling, there is a need to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of MMPs, including the biological function of the downstream products of MMP proteolysis. Future studies developing new therapeutic targets that inhibit specific MMP actions to limit the development of heart failure post-MI are warranted. This chapter focuses on the role of MMPs post-MI, the efficiency of MMPs as biomarkers for MI or heart failure, and the future of MMPs and their cleavage products as targets for prevention of post-MI heart failure.
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Meschiari CA, Ero OK, Pan H, Finkel T, Lindsey ML. The impact of aging on cardiac extracellular matrix. GeroScience 2017; 39:7-18. [PMID: 28299638 PMCID: PMC5352584 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in cardiac homeostasis can be observed at the cellular, extracellular, and tissue levels. Progressive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and the gradual development of cardiac fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiac aging. In the absence of a secondary insult such as hypertension, these changes are subtle and result in slight to moderate impaired myocardial function, particularly diastolic function. While collagen deposition and cross-linking increase during aging, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation capacity also increases due to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Of the MMPs elevated with cardiac aging, MMP-9 has been extensively evaluated and its roles are reviewed here. In addition to proteolytic activity on ECM components, MMPs oversee cell signaling during the aging process by modulating cytokine, chemokine, growth factor, hormone, and angiogenic factor expression and activity. In association with elevated MMP-9, macrophage numbers increase in an age-dependent manner to regulate the ECM and angiogenic responses. Understanding the complexity of the molecular interactions between MMPs and the ECM in the context of aging may provide novel diagnostic indicators for the early detection of age-related fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meschiari
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Osasere Kelvin Ero
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Haihui Pan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA.
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
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Early matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition post-myocardial infarction worsens cardiac dysfunction by delaying inflammation resolution. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 100:109-117. [PMID: 27746126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is robustly elevated in the first week post-myocardial infarction (MI). Targeted deletion of the MMP-9 gene attenuates cardiac remodeling post-MI by reducing macrophage infiltration and collagen accumulation through increased apoptosis and reduced inflammation. In this study, we used a translational experimental design to determine whether selective MMP-9 inhibition early post-MI would be an effective therapeutic strategy in mice. We enrolled male C57BL/6J mice (3-6months old, n=116) for this study. Mice were subjected to coronary artery ligation. Saline or MMP-9 inhibitor (MMP-9i; 0.03μg/day) treatment was initiated at 3h post-MI and the mice were sacrificed at day (D) 1 or 7 post-MI. MMP-9i reduced MMP-9 activity by 31±1% at D1 post-MI (p<0.05 vs saline) and did not affect survival or infarct area. Surprisingly, MMP-9i treatment increased infarct wall thinning and worsened cardiac function at D7 post-MI. While MMP-9i enhanced neutrophil infiltration at D1 and macrophage infiltration at D7 post-MI, CD36 levels were lower in MMP-9i compared to saline, signifying reduced phagocytic potential per macrophage. Escalation and prolongation of the inflammatory response at D7 post-MI in the MMP-9i group was evident by increased expression of 18 pro-inflammatory cytokines (all p<0.05). MMP-9i reduced cleaved caspase 3 levels at D7 post-MI, consistent with reduced apoptosis and defective inflammation resolution. Because MMP-9i effects on inflammatory cells were significantly different from previously observed MMP-9 null mechanisms, we evaluated pre-MI (baseline) systemic differences between C57BL/6J and MMP-9 null plasma. By mass spectrometry, 34 plasma proteins were significantly different between groups, revealing a previously unappreciated altered baseline environment pre-MI when MMP-9 was deleted. In conclusion, early MMP-9 inhibition delayed inflammation resolution and exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, highlighting the importance of using translational approaches in mice.
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Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE, Cannon PL, Ma Y, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Jung M, Flynn ER, Henry JB, Bratton DR, White JA, Fulton LK, Grady AW, Lindsey ML. Defining the sham environment for post-myocardial infarction studies in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H822-36. [PMID: 27521418 PMCID: PMC5142180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00067.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sham surgery in a minimally invasive surgical model of permanent coronary artery occlusion used to generate myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice (3-6 mo old) were divided into five groups: day (D) 0 (no surgical operation), D1 Sham, D1 MI, D7 Sham, and D7 MI. A refined MI surgery technique was used to approach the coronary artery without the ribs being cut. Both sham and MI mice had the left ventricle (LV) exposed through a small incision. To test the effects of surgery alone, the suture was passed around the coronary artery but not ligated. The MI mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation. The mice were killed at D1 or D7 postsurgical procedure. Compared with D0 no surgery controls, the D1 and D7 sham groups exhibited no surgical mortality and similar necropsy and echocardiographic variables. Surgery alone did not induce an inflammatory cell response, as evidenced by the lack of leukocyte infiltration in the sham groups. Analysis of 165 inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix factors in sham revealed that a minor gene response was initiated but not translated to protein levels. Collagen deposition did not occur in the absence of MI. In contrast, the D1 and D7 MI groups showed the expected robust inflammatory and scar formation responses. When a minimally invasive procedure to generate MI in mice was used, the D0 (no surgical operation) control was an adequate replacement for the use of sham surgery groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Presley L Cannon
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jeffrey B Henry
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Dustin R Bratton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jared A White
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Linda K Fulton
- Center for Comparative Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrew W Grady
- Center for Comparative Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Iyer RP, Jung M, Lindsey ML. Using the laws of thermodynamics to understand how matrix metalloproteinases coordinate the myocardial response to injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:75-82. [PMID: 27376092 PMCID: PMC4930103 DOI: 10.2147/mnm.s74093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of molecular, cellular, and functional alterations that are both part of the wound healing response to form a scar in the infarct region and the consequence of that response. Using the laws of thermodynamics as an analogy, we present here three laws for categorizing the post-MI LV remodeling process. The first law is that the LV will attempt to maintain equilibrium and compensate as a way to maximize function, the second law is that remodeling is progressive and unidirectional, and the third law is that the final goal is (ideally, but not always achievable) a stable, equilibrated scar. This comparison helps to define the boundaries of the system, whether it be the infarct zone, the LV, the heart, or the entire body. This review provides an overview for those not directly in the field and establishes a framework to help prioritize future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi; Research Service, GV (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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26
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Ma Y, Chiao YA, Clark R, Flynn ER, Yabluchanskiy A, Ghasemi O, Zouein F, Lindsey ML, Jin YF. Deriving a cardiac ageing signature to reveal MMP-9-dependent inflammatory signalling in senescence. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:421-31. [PMID: 25883218 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac ageing involves the progressive development of cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction coordinated by MMP-9. Here, we report a cardiac ageing signature that encompasses macrophage pro-inflammatory signalling in the left ventricle (LV) and distinguishes biological from chronological ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS Young (6-9 months), middle-aged (12-15 months), old (18-24 months), and senescent (26-34 months) mice of both C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and MMP-9 null were evaluated. Using an identified inflammatory pattern, we were able to define individual mice based on their biological, rather than chronological, age. Bcl6, Ccl24, and Il4 were the strongest inflammatory markers of the cardiac ageing signature. The decline in early-to-late LV filling ratio was most strongly predicted by Bcl6, Il1r1, Ccl24, Crp, and Cxcl13 patterns, whereas LV wall thickness was most predicted by Abcf1, Tollip, Scye1, and Mif patterns. With age, there was a linear increase in cardiac M1 macrophages and a decrease in cardiac M2 macrophages in WT mice; of which, both were prevented by MMP-9 deletion. In vitro, MMP-9 directly activated young macrophage polarization to an M1/M2 mid-transition state. CONCLUSION Our results define the cardiac ageing inflammatory signature and assign MMP-9 roles in mediating the inflammaging profile by indirectly and directly modifying macrophage polarization. Our results explain early mechanisms that stimulate ageing-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan Clark
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Omid Ghasemi
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Fouad Zouein
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA Research Services, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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Roche PL, Filomeno KL, Bagchi RA, Czubryt MP. Intracellular Signaling of Cardiac Fibroblasts. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:721-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Early matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibition worsens post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction by delaying inflammation resolution. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:198-208. [PMID: 25797678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) post-myocardial infarction (MI). MMP-12 has potent macrophage-dependent remodeling properties in the atherosclerotic plaque; however, post-MI roles have not been examined. OBJECTIVE The goal was to determine MMP-12 post-MI mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice (3-6 months old) were subjected to left coronary artery ligation. Saline or the RXP 470.1 MMP-12 inhibitor (MMP-12i; 0.5mg/kg/day) was delivered by osmotic mini-pump beginning 3h post-MI, and mice were sacrificed at day (d)1, 3, 5 or 7 post-MI and compared to d0 controls (mice without MI; n=6-12/group/time). MMP-12 expression increased early post-MI, and contrary to expected, neutrophils were a surprising early cellular source for MMP-12. MMP-12i reduced MMP-12 activity 33 ± 1% at d1 post-MI. Despite similar infarct areas and survival rates, MMP-12i led to greater LV dilation and worsened LV function. At d7 post-MI, MMP-12i prolonged pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation (IL1r1, IL6ra, IL11, and Cxcr5) and decreased CD44 (both gene and protein levels). Hyaluronan (HA), a CD44 ligand, was elevated at d1 and d7 post-MI with MMP12i, as a result of decreased fragmentation. Because CD44-HA regulates neutrophil removal, apoptosis markers were evaluated. Caspase 3 increased, while cleaved caspase 3 levels decreased in MMP-12i group at d7 post-MI, indicating reduced neutrophil apoptosis. In isolated neutrophils, active MMP-12 directly stimulated CD44, caspase 3, and caspase 8 expression. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a novel protective mechanism for MMP-12 in neutrophil biology. Post-MI, MMP-12i impaired CD44-HA interactions to suppress neutrophil apoptosis and prolong inflammation, which worsened LV function.
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Wang M, Shah AM. Age-associated pro-inflammatory remodeling and functional phenotype in the heart and large arteries. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:101-11. [PMID: 25665458 PMCID: PMC4459900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aging population is increasing dramatically. Aging–associated stress simultaneously drives proinflammatory remodeling, involving angiotensin II and other factors, in both the heart and large arteries. The structural remodeling and functional changes that occur with aging include cardiac and vascular wall stiffening, systolic hypertension and suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, features that are often clinically silent and thus termed a silent syndrome. These age-related effects are the result of responses initiated by cardiovascular proinflammatory cells. Local proinflammatory signals are coupled between the heart and arteries due to common mechanical and humoral messengers within a closed circulating system. Thus, targeting proinflammatory signaling molecules would be a promising approach to improve age-associated suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, a major predisposing factor for the pathogenesis of clinical cardiovascular events such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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de Castro Brás LE, Cates CA, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Ma Y, Iyer RP, Halade GV, Yabluchanskiy A, Fields GB, Weintraub ST, Lindsey ML. Citrate synthase is a novel in vivo matrix metalloproteinase-9 substrate that regulates mitochondrial function in the postmyocardial infarction left ventricle. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1974-85. [PMID: 24382150 PMCID: PMC4208600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 deletion on citrate synthase (CS) activity postmyocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS We fractionated left ventricle (LV) samples using a differential solubility-based approach. The insoluble protein fraction was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and we identified CS as a potential intracellular substrate of MMP-9 in the MI setting. CS protein levels increased in the insoluble fraction at day 1 post-MI in both genotypes (p<0.05) but not in the noninfarcted remote region. The CS activity decreased in the infarcted tissue of wild-type (WT) mice at day 1 post-MI (p<0.05), but this was not observed in the MMP-9 null mice, suggesting that MMP-9 deletion helps to maintain the mitochondrial activity post-MI. Additionally, inflammatory gene transcription was increased post-MI in the WT mice and attenuated in the MMP-9 null mice. MMP-9 cleaved CS in vitro, generating an ∼20 kDa fragment. INNOVATION By applying a sample fractionation and proteomics approach, we were able to identify a novel MMP-9-related altered mitochondrial metabolic activity early post-MI. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that MMP-9 deletion improves mitochondrial function post-MI.
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31
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Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Translating Koch's postulates to identify matrix metalloproteinase roles in postmyocardial infarction remodeling: cardiac metalloproteinase actions (CarMA) postulates. Circ Res 2014; 114:860-71. [PMID: 24577966 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was described in 1962; and since the 1990s, cardiovascular research has focused on understanding how MMPs regulate many aspects of cardiovascular pathology from atherosclerosis formation to myocardial infarction and stroke. Although much information has been gleaned by these past reports, to a large degree MMP cardiovascular biology remains observational, with few studies homing in on cause and effect relationships. Koch's postulates were first developed in the 19th century as a way to establish microorganism function and were modified in the 20th century to include methods to establish molecular causality. In this review, we outline the concept for establishing a similar approach to determine causality in terms of MMP functions. We use left ventricular remodeling postmyocardial infarction as an example, but this approach will have broad applicability across both the cardiovascular and the MMP fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- From the San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research (R.P.I., L.E.d.C.B., Y.-F.J., M.L.L.) and Department of Biophysics and Physiology (R.P.I., L.E.d.C.B., M.L.L.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio (Y.-F.J.); and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS (M.L.L.)
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Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, Chiao YA, Lopez EF, Voorhees AP, Toba H, Hall ME, Han HC, Lindsey ML, Jin YF. Cardiac aging is initiated by matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1398-407. [PMID: 24658018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is linked to increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and extracellular matrix turnover, as well as a decline in function of the left ventricle (LV). Previously, we demonstrated that C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice > 18 mo of age show impaired diastolic function, which was attenuated by MMP-9 deletion. To evaluate mechanisms that initiate the development of cardiac dysfunction, we compared the LVs of 6-9- and 15-18-mo-old WT and MMP-9 null (Null) mice. All groups showed similar LV function by echocardiography, indicating that dysfunction had not yet developed in the older group. Myocyte nuclei numbers and cross-sectional areas increased in both WT and Null 15-18-mo mice compared with young controls, indicating myocyte hypertrophy. Myocyte hypertrophy leads to an increased oxygen demand, and both WT and Null 15-18-mo mice showed an increase in angiogenic signaling. Plasma proteomic profiling and LV analysis revealed a threefold increase in von Willebrand factor and fivefold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor in WT 15-18-mo mice, which were further elevated in Null mice. In contrast to the upregulation of angiogenic stimulating factors, actual LV vessel numbers increased only in the 15-18-mo Null LV. The 15-18-mo WT showed amplified expression of inflammatory genes related to angiogenesis, including C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)7, CCR10, interleukin (IL)-1f8, IL-13, and IL-20 (all, P < 0.05), and these increases were blunted by MMP-9 deletion (all, P < 0.05). To measure vascular permeability as an index of endothelial function, we injected mice with FITC-labeled dextran. The 15-18-mo WT LV showed increased vascular permeability compared with young WT controls and 15-18-mo Null mice. Combined, our findings revealed that MMP-9 deletion improves angiogenesis, attenuates inflammation, and prevents vascular leakiness in the setting of cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yonggang Ma
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Andrew P Voorhees
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hiroe Toba
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael E Hall
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center; Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Hai-Chao Han
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Nguyen NT, Zhang X, Wu C, Lange RA, Chilton RJ, Lindsey ML, Jin YF. Integrative computational and experimental approaches to establish a post-myocardial infarction knowledge map. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003472. [PMID: 24651374 PMCID: PMC3961365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vast research efforts have been devoted to providing clinical diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction (MI), leading to over one million abstracts associated with “MI” and “Cardiovascular Diseases” in PubMed. Accumulation of the research results imposed a challenge to integrate and interpret these results. To address this problem and better understand how the left ventricle (LV) remodels post-MI at both the molecular and cellular levels, we propose here an integrative framework that couples computational methods and experimental data. We selected an initial set of MI-related proteins from published human studies and constructed an MI-specific protein-protein-interaction network (MIPIN). Structural and functional analysis of the MIPIN showed that the post-MI LV exhibited increased representation of proteins involved in transcriptional activity, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Known plasma or serum expression changes of the MIPIN proteins in patients with MI were acquired by data mining of the PubMed and UniProt knowledgebase, and served as a training set to predict unlabeled MIPIN protein changes post-MI. The predictions were validated with published results in PubMed, suggesting prognosticative capability of the MIPIN. Further, we established the first knowledge map related to the post-MI response, providing a major step towards enhancing our understanding of molecular interactions specific to MI and linking the molecular interaction, cellular responses, and biological processes to quantify LV remodeling. Heart attack, known medically as myocardial infarction, often occurs as a result of partial shortage of blood supply to a portion of the heart, leading to the death of heart muscle cells. Following myocardial infarction, complications might arise, including arrhythmia, myocardial rupture, left ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure. Although myocardial infarction can be quickly diagnosed using a various number of tests, including blood tests and electrocardiography, there have been no available prognostic tests to predict the long-term outcome in response to myocardial infarction. Here, we present a framework to analyze how the left ventricle responds to myocardial infarction by combining protein interactome and experimental results retrieved from published human studies. The framework organized current understanding of molecular interactions specific to myocardial infarction, cellular responses, and biological processes to quantify left ventricular remodeling process. Specifically, our knowledge map showed that transcriptional activity, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix remodeling are the main functional themes post myocardial infarction. In addition, text analytics of relevant abstracts revealed differentiated protein expressions in plasma or serum expressions from patients with myocardial infarction. Using this data, we predicted expression levels of other proteins following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T. Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cathy Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Lange
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Chilton
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix network in post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodeling. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1113-27. [PMID: 24519465 PMCID: PMC4033805 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) fills the space between cells, supports tissue organization, and transduces mechanical, chemical, and biological signals to regulate homeostasis of the left ventricle (LV). Following myocardial infarction (MI), a multitude of ECM proteins are synthesized to replace myocyte loss and form a reparative scar. Activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are the primary source of ECM proteins, thus playing a key role in cardiac repair. A balanced turnover of ECM through regulation of synthesis by myofibroblasts and degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is critical for proper scar formation. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the roles of myofibroblasts, MMPs, and ECM proteins in MI-induced LV remodeling. In addition, we discuss future research directions that are needed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ECM actions to optimize cardiac repair.
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Gharib SA, Johnston LK, Huizar I, Birkland TP, Hanson J, Wang Y, Parks WC, Manicone AM. MMP28 promotes macrophage polarization toward M2 cells and augments pulmonary fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:9-18. [PMID: 23964118 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the MMP family function in various processes of innate immunity, particularly in controlling important steps in leukocyte trafficking and activation. MMP28 (epilysin) is a member of this family of proteinases, and we have found that MMP28 is expressed by macrophages and regulates their recruitment to the lung. We hypothesized that MMP28 regulates other key macrophage responses, such as macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these MMP28-dependent changes in macrophage polarization would alter fibrotic responses in the lung. We examined the gene expression changes in WT and Mmp28-/- BMDMs, stimulated with LPS or IL-4/IL-13 to promote M1 and M2 cells, respectively. We also collected macrophages from the lungs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-exposed WT and Mmp28-/- mice to evaluate changes in macrophage polarization. Lastly, we evaluated the macrophage polarization phenotypes during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in WT and Mmp28-/- mice and assessed mice for differences in weight loss and total collagen levels. We found that MMP28 dampens proinflammatory macrophage function and promots M2 programming. In both in vivo models, we found deficits in M2 polarization in Mmp28-/- mice. In bleomycin-induced lung injury, these changes were associated with reduced fibrosis. MMP28 is an important regulator of macrophage polarization, promoting M2 function. Loss of MMP28 results in reduced M2 polarization and protection from bleomycin-induced fibrosis. These findings highlight a novel role for MMP28 in macrophage biology and pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina A Gharib
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura K Johnston
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isham Huizar
- †Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Josiah Hanson
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C Parks
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne M Manicone
- *Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Correspondence: Center for Lung Biology, Div. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Ave., Seattle, WA 98109, USA. E-mail:
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Yabluchanskiy A, Li Y, Chilton RJ, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinases: drug targets for myocardial infarction. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14:276-86. [PMID: 23316962 PMCID: PMC3828124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid advances in the treatment of acute MI have significantly improved short-term outcomes in patients, due in large part to successes in preventing myocardial cell death and limiting infarct area during the time of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play key roles in post-MI cardiac remodeling and in the development of adverse outcomes. This review highlights the importance of MMPs in the injury and remodeling response of the left ventricle and also discusses their potential as therapeutic targets Additional pre-clinical and clinical research is needed to further investigate and understand the cardioprotective effects of MMPs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yaojun Li
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Merry L. Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Ma Y, Halade GV, Zhang J, Ramirez TA, Levin D, Voorhees A, Jin YF, Han HC, Manicone AM, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and rupture after myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting M2 macrophage activation. Circ Res 2013; 112:675-88. [PMID: 23261783 PMCID: PMC3597388 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28 regulates the inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses in cardiac aging, but the roles of MMP-28 after myocardial infarction (MI) have not been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of MMP-28 deletion on post-MI remodeling of the left ventricle (LV). METHODS AND RESULTS Adult C57BL/6J wild-type (n=76) and MMP null (MMP-28((-/-)), n=86) mice of both sexes were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation to create MI. MMP-28 expression decreased post-MI, and its cell source shifted from myocytes to macrophages. MMP-28 deletion increased day 7 mortality because of increased cardiac rupture post-MI. MMP-28(-/-) mice exhibited larger LV volumes, worse LV dysfunction, a worse LV remodeling index, and increased lung edema. Plasma MMP-9 levels were unchanged in the MMP-28((-/-)) mice but increased in wild-type mice at day 7 post-MI. The mRNA levels of inflammatory and extracellular matrix proteins were attenuated in the infarct regions of MMP-28(-/-) mice, indicating reduced inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses. M2 macrophage activation was impaired when MMP-28 was absent. MMP-28 deletion also led to decreased collagen deposition and fewer myofibroblasts. Collagen cross-linking was impaired as a result of decreased expression and activation of lysyl oxidase in the infarcts of MMP-28(-/-) mice. The LV tensile strength at day 3 post-MI, however, was similar between the 2 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS MMP-28 deletion aggravated MI-induced LV dysfunction and rupture as a result of defective inflammatory response and scar formation by suppressing M2 macrophage activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cicatrix/enzymology
- Cicatrix/etiology
- Collagen/metabolism
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/biosynthesis
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rupture/enzymology
- Heart Rupture/etiology
- Inflammation
- Macrophage Activation/physiology
- Macrophages/classification
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/deficiency
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/blood
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism
- Pulmonary Edema/enzymology
- Pulmonary Edema/etiology
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Remodeling/genetics
- Ventricular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Trevi A. Ramirez
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Daniel Levin
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Andrew Voorhees
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Hai-Chao Han
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center at San Antonio
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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38
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Fan D, Takawale A, Lee J, Kassiri Z. Cardiac fibroblasts, fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:15. [PMID: 22943504 PMCID: PMC3464725 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts comprise the largest cell population in the myocardium. In heart disease, the number of fibroblasts is increased either by replication of the resident myocardial fibroblasts, migration and transformation of circulating bone marrow cells, or by transformation of endothelial/epithelial cells into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The primary function of fibroblasts is to produce structural proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM). This can be a constructive process; however, hyperactivity of cardiac fibroblasts can result in excess production and deposition of ECM proteins in the myocardium, known as fibrosis, with adverse effects on cardiac structure and function. In addition to being the primary source of ECM proteins, fibroblasts produce a number of cytokines, peptides, and enzymes among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), directly impact the ECM turnover and homeostasis. Function of fibroblasts can also in turn be regulated by MMPs and TIMPs. In this review article, we will focus on the function of cardiac fibroblasts in the context of ECM formation, homeostasis and remodeling in the heart. We will discuss the origins and multiple roles of cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial remodeling in different types of heart disease in patients and in animal models. We will further provide an overview of what we have learned from experimental animal models and genetically modified mice with altered expression of ECM regulatory proteins, MMPs and TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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39
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Extracellular matrix and fibroblast communication following myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:848-57. [PMID: 22926488 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support by serving as a scaffold for cells, and as such the ECM maintains normal tissue homeostasis and mediates the repair response following injury. In response to myocardial infarction (MI), ECM expression is generally upregulated in the left ventricle (LV), which regulates LV remodeling by modulating scar formation. The ECM directly affects scar formation by regulating growth factor release and cell adhesion and indirectly affects scar formation by regulating the inflammatory, angiogenic, and fibroblast responses. This review summarizes the current literature on ECM expression patterns and fibroblast mechanisms in the myocardium, focusing on the ECM response to MI. In addition, we discuss future research areas that are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ECM action, both in general and as a means to optimize infarct healing.
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40
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Iyer RP, Patterson NL, Fields GB, Lindsey ML. The history of matrix metalloproteinases: milestones, myths, and misperceptions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H919-30. [PMID: 22904159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00577.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of tadpole collagenase in 1962, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family has emerged as a significant proteinase group with recognized effects on the cardiovascular system. Over the last 40 years, many milestones have been achieved, from the identification of the first MMP, to the generation of the first MMP cDNA clone and null mouse, to the clinical approval of the first MMP inhibitor. Over the years, a few myths and misunderstandings have interwoven into the truths. In this review, we will discuss the major milestones of MMP research, as well as review the misinterpretations and misperceptions that have evolved. Clarifying the confusions and dispelling the myths will both provide a better understanding of MMP properties and functions and focus the cardiovascular field on the outstanding research questions that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
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41
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Lindsey ML, Borg TK. Introduction: Extracellular matrix and cardiovascular remodeling-using microscopy to delineate mechanisms. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:1-2. [PMID: 22258720 PMCID: PMC4000442 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In January 2011, a Keystone Symposium on “Extracellular Matrix and Cardiovascular Remodeling” was held in Tahoe City, California. The purpose of this meeting was to focus on the general theme of extracellular matrix (ECM) roles in cardiovascular remodeling. The presentations and discussions stimulated by this meeting, which was attended by approximately 160 people, serve as the inspiration for this special section of Microscopy and Microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L. Lindsey
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Thomas K. Borg
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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