1
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Effects of dietary substitution of peanut meal for soybean meal on egg production, egg quality, oxidative status, and yolk fatty acid profile in laying ducks. Animal 2022; 16:100652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang Q, Zhang K, Wang J, Bai S, Zeng Q, Peng H, Zhang B, Xuan Y, Ding X. Effects of coated sodium butyrate on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102020. [PMID: 35901649 PMCID: PMC9326336 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on production performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of laying hens. We divided a total of 800 Lohmann laying hens, aged 51 wk, into 4 treatment groups: 0 (CON), 300 (CSB1), 500 (CSB2), and 800 (CSB3) mg/kg of CSB. Each group comprised 20 birds, with 10 replicates set. A 12-wk monitoring process was conducted for each laying hen. Compared to CON, dietary supplementation of CSB did not affect the average daily feed intake or the egg weight. The CSB3 group demonstrated a linear increase in the production performance (P < 0.05), with decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). CSB2 and CSB3 exhibited markedly elevated egg mass (P < 0.05). The CSB supplementation markedly enhanced the yolk color (P < 0.05). CSB1 improved the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.029). No significant differences were observed among dietary treatments in the duodenal morphology (P > 0.05). The three dosages of CSB reduced the crypt depth (P < 0.05) in the jejunum, whereas CSB3 exhibited an increase in the villus height (VH; P = 0.048). The CSB3 group showed a markedly elevated ileal VH (P = 0.011). CSB supplementation significantly increased the butyric acid content in the cecum (P = 0.009). The hens fed on the 800 mg/kg CSB diet showed a significant increase (P = 0.029) in butyric acid content in the ileum. The CSB3 group showed an elevation in microbial diversity (P < 0.05). Additionally, at the phylum level, the CSB3 increased the enrichment of Bacteroidetes, the CSB2 increased Firmicutes, and the abundance of Deferribacteres was increased in CSB2 and CSB3 groups (P < 0.05). An enrichment of Muribaculaceae (family) was observed in the CSB3 group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CSB improved production, yolk color, intestinal morphology, butyrate content, and microbial composition in laying hens.
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Boukid F, Castellari M. How can processing technologies boost the application of faba bean (
Vicia faba
L.) proteins in food production? EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Castellari
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA) Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Food Industry Area Catalonia Spain
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Siegert W, Ibrahim A, Link W, Lux G, Schmidtke K, Hartung J, Nautscher N, Rodehutscord M. Amino acid digestibility and metabolisable energy of spring and winter faba beans grown on two sites and effects of dehulling in caecectomised laying hens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:920-930. [PMID: 34235756 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolisable energy (MEN ) in four spring and four winter faba bean genotypes differing in vicine/convicine (V/C) concentrations grown on two sites was investigated in caecectomised LSL-Classic laying hens. Effects of dehulling one faba bean genotype were also examined. Diets containing one out of 17 faba bean variants each and a basal diet were fed to ten caecectomised laying hens in a row-column design to achieve five replicates per diet. RESULTS Ranges and levels of digestibility of the hulled variants differed widely among AA with the lowest and highest range determined for Arg (90-93%) and Cys (-12-65%), respectively. MEN ranged between 10.3 and 12.3 MJ kg-1 dry matter. Lower MEN and digestibility of Cys, Glx, Phe, Pro, Tyr, and Val (P < 0.050) was determined for the winter genotypes grown in Nimtitz compared to the other variants. Digestibility of Ser was lower for the spring than for the winter genotypes (P < 0.050). Negative correlations with AA digestibility were determined for phytate, but not for tannin and V/C concentrations (P < 0.050). Negative correlations between tannin fractions and MEN were weak (P = 0.082-0.099). Dehulling increased MEN by 1.8 MJ kg-1 dry matter and raised the digestibility of Pro, His, and Glx (P < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the digestible AA and MEN supply of laying hens was increased by using low phytate faba beans while breeding for low V/C genotypes did not affect AA digestibility or MEN . Dehulling increased MEN and the digestibility of some AA. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido Lux
- Faculty of Environment, Agriculture, Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Knut Schmidtke
- Faculty of Environment, Agriculture, Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Hartung
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Nautscher
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Franco R, Casanovas B, Camps J, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. Antixoxidant Supplements versus Health Benefits of Brief/Intermittent Exposure to Potentially Toxic Physical or Chemical Agents. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:650-664. [PMID: 34287292 PMCID: PMC8929025 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antioxidants can act locally to react with an oxidant, oral administration of "antioxidants" is quite useless in treating oxidative stress in tissues. Furthermore, it does not make sense to consider a vitamin as an antioxidant, but vitamin B3 leads to the in vivo formation of compounds that are essential for reducing this stress. A rigorous treatment of the subject indicates that to deal with oxidative stress, the most direct approach is to enhance the innate antioxidant mechanisms. The question is whether this is possible through daily activities. Diets can contain the necessary components for these mechanisms or may induce the expression of the genes involved in them. Another possibility is that pro-oxidant molecules in food increase the sensitivity and power of the detoxification pathways. This option is based on well-known DNA repair mechanisms after exposure to radiation (even from the Sun), or strong evidence of induction of antioxidant capacity after exposure to powerful pro-oxidants such as H2O2. More experimental work is required to test whether some molecules in food can increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and/or improve antioxidant mechanisms. Identifying effective molecules to achieve such antioxidant power is critical to the food and nutraceutical industries. The potential of diet-based interventions to combat oxidative stress must be viewed from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (E.M.-P.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.)
| | - Berta Casanovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 02028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (E.M.-P.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.)
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6
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Nolte T, Jansen S, Weigend S, Moerlein D, Halle I, Simianer H, Sharifi AR. Genotypic and Dietary Effects on Egg Quality of Local Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses Fed with Faba Beans. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1947. [PMID: 34210033 PMCID: PMC8300114 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of chicken eggs is an important criterion for food safety and the consumers' choice at the point of sale. Several studies have shown that egg quality can be influenced by the chickens' genotype and by the composition of the diet. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of faba beans as a substitute for soybeans in the diet of chickens originating from traditional low-performance breeds in comparison with high-performing laying type hens and their crosses on egg quality parameters. Chickens of six different genotypes were fed either with a feed mix containing 20% faba beans with high or low vicin contents or, as a control, a feed mix containing soybeans. The genotypes studied were the local breeds Vorwerkhuhn and Bresse Gauloise, as well as commercial White Rock parent hens and their crosses. Yolk weight, Haugh units, yolk and shell color, the frequency of blood and meat spots and the composition of the eggs were significantly influenced by the genotype. The feeding of faba beans had an effect on yolk and shell color, Haugh units and shell portion, while there was no significant influence on the frequency of blood and meat spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Nolte
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Simon Jansen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt, Germany;
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt, Germany;
| | - Daniel Moerlein
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Quality of Animal Products, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Ingrid Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Henner Simianer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Ahmad Reza Sharifi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
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7
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Redhead AK, Sanders E, Vu TC, Malheiros RD, Anderson KE, Toomer OT. The effects of high-oleic peanuts as an alternate feed ingredient on performance, ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and histology of the small intestine in laying hens. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab015. [PMID: 33748683 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of feeding a high-oleic peanut (HOPN) diet to egg-producing laying hens on egg quality, digestibility, and feed conversion. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments were formulated with 1) Control diet (CON)-a corn-soybean meal conventional diet with 7.8 % added poultry fat, 2) HOPN diet-dietary inclusion of ~20% coarse-ground whole HOPN, and 3) oleic acid (CON-OA) diet-a control diet supplemented with 2.6% oleic fatty acid oil. Ninety-nine 57-wk-old brown Leghorn laying hens were randomly assigned to 33 animals per treatment. Animals were housed individually for 8 wk. Body and feed weights were recorded weekly and feed conversation ratio was calculated. Bi-weekly, shell eggs were analyzed for quality (yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit [HU]). Jejunum samples were collected at week 8 for histomorphometric analysis. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables using a general linear mixed model. Laying hens fed the CON-OA diet produced greater number of eggs relative to those fed the HOPN and control diets (P < 0.05). The roche yolk color value was higher (P < 0.001) in eggs from hens fed the HOPN diet. There were no differences in laying hen performance, eggshell color, eggshell strength, eggshell elasticity and egg albumen height, or egg HU, ileal fat digestibility, or villi surface among treatment groups. However, the apparent metabolizable energy (P < 0.01) and ileal protein digestibility (P = 0.02) were greater in laying hens fed the HOPN diet relative to the CON diet. This study suggests that whole unblanched high-oleic peanuts may be an acceptable alternative feed ingredient for laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Redhead
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Elliot Sanders
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thien C Vu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth E Anderson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla T Toomer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Stone AK, Waelchli KN, Çabuk B, McIntosh TC, Wanasundara J, Arntfield SD, Nickerson MT. The levels of bioactive compounds found in raw and cooked Canadian pulses. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:528-538. [PMID: 33222551 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220973804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cooking on the levels of bioactive compounds (oligosaccharides, polyphenols and saponins, and vicine/convicine for faba bean only) were examined in a wide range of Canadian pulses. The total oligosaccharide concentrations were reduced ∼40% for chickpea, 11-81% for lentils, 41-43% for faba beans, 10-51% for beans, and 20-44% for peas. Individual oligosaccharides, raffinose, ciceritol, stachyose and verbascose, increased or decreased in the cooked samples depending on each pulse sample. Cooking reduced the total polyphenol content by 13-25% for chickpeas, 0-83% for lentils, 47-54% for faba beans, 47-54% for beans, and 48-70% for peas. And, the total saponin concentrations were reduced by 11-30% for chickpeas, 0-40% for lentils, 32-46% for beans, 14-30% for peas and increased by 8-26% in faba bean. The vicine and convicine levels in faba bean were reduced by 26-38% with cooking. The reduction in bioactive compounds after cooking depended on the specific compound and specific type of pulse. This large analyses of 20 different pulse samples allows for comparison between and within different types of pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Stone
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - K N Waelchli
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Çabuk
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - T C McIntosh
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada - Saskatoon Research Station, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Wanasundara
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada - Saskatoon Research Station, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S D Arntfield
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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9
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Nolte T, Jansen S, Halle I, Scholz AM, Simianer H, Sharifi AR, Weigend S. Egg Production and Bone Stability of Local Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses Fed with Faba Beans. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1480. [PMID: 32842714 PMCID: PMC7552325 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry production is raising concerns within the public regarding the practice of culling day-old chicks and the importation of soy from overseas for feedstuff. Therefore, an alternative approach to poultry production was tested. In two consecutive experiments, two traditional chicken breeds, Vorwerkhuhn and Bresse Gauloise, and White Rock as a commercial layer genotype as well as crossbreds thereof were fed diets containing either 20% vicin-rich or vicin-poor faba beans, though addressing both subjects of debate. Hen performance traits and bone stability were recorded. All parameters were considerably influenced by the genotype with White Rock showing the significantly highest (p < 0.05) laying performance (99.4% peak production) and mean egg weights (56.6 g) of the purebreds, but the lowest bone breaking strength (tibiotarsus 197.2 N, humerus 230.2 N). Regarding crossbreds, the Bresse Gauloise × White Rock cross performed best (peak production 98.1%, mean egg weight 58.0 g). However, only limited dietary effects were found as only the feeding of 20% vicin-rich faba beans led to a significant reduction of egg weights of at most 1.1 g (p < 0.05) and to a significant reduction of the shell stability in the crossbred genotypes. In terms of dual-purpose usage, crossing of Bresse Gauloise with White Rock seems to be the most promising variant studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Nolte
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Simon Jansen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Armin Manfred Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany;
| | - Henner Simianer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Ahmad Reza Sharifi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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10
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Degradation of pyrimidine glycosides and L-DOPA in the faba bean by Rhizopus oligosporus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Growth Performance of Local Chicken Breeds, a High-Performance Genotype and Their Crosses Fed with Regional Faba Beans to Replace Soy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040702. [PMID: 32316455 PMCID: PMC7222797 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The culling of day-old male chicks and the ecological impact of high soy imports from overseas as animal feed are intensively discussed by the Western European agricultural sector and society. One possible approach to mitigate these problems could be the use of dual-purpose chickens for meat and egg production in combination with a predominant use of regionally grown protein plants. In the present study the suitability of six different chicken genotypes for fattening was evaluated while feeding them two different faba bean varieties. No adverse effects of the faba bean feeding on the performance and the health of the birds could be detected. Abstract The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a native protein crop and considered a promising alternative to soybeans. Due to its anti-nutritive substances such as vicin and convicin (VC) its use in animal nutrition has been restricted. In the present study, two consecutive experiments were conducted to analyse the effects of feeding 20% faba beans, which differ in their VC content on fattening performance and slaughter traits of different chicken genotypes. In a first trial, purebred male chickens of the local breeds Bresse Gauloise and Vorwerkhuhn as well as of a high-performance White Rock line were tested. In a second trial, crossbreds of them were evaluated: Vorwerkhuhn × Bresse Gauloise, Vorwerkhuhn × White Rock, Bresse Gauloise × White Rock. Daily weight gain and feed intake were recorded until slaughter at approximately 2100 g. At slaughter the final live weight, carcass yield and the weights of the valuable parts (breasts and legs) were measured. For the genotypes studied, no adverse or undesirable effects of both VC−rich and VC−poor faba beans in the feedstuff were detected regarding body weight development, carcass quality, and fattening parameters. Furthermore, there was no indication that the birds’ health was impaired.
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Lombardi P, Musco N, Calabrò S, Tudisco R, Mastellone V, Vastolo A, Infascelli F, Cutrignelli MI. Different carbohydrate sources affect swine performance and post-prandial glycaemic response. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1749899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Wang H, Liang S, Li X, Yang X, Long F, Yang X. Effects of encapsulated essential oils and organic acids on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and microflora count of hens during the early laying period. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6751-6760. [PMID: 31347675 PMCID: PMC8913957 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of encapsulated essential oils and organic acids (EOA) on the growth performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology and functions, and microbial count of laying hens from week 21 to 30. A total of five hundred and four 21-wk-old layers were randomly allotted into 4 groups consisting of 7 replicates with 18 birds per replicate. The birds were fed a basic diet (CON) or diets with EOA at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 450 mg/kg in the other 3 groups, respectively. Compared to the CON group, the addition of 150 mg/kg EOA significantly increased laying rate (P < 0.05) of hens from week 21 to 25. A linear increasing (linear, P < 0.01) in ileal villus height of laying hens fed EOA from 150 to 300 mg/kg was observed at week 30. At week 25, the supplementation of 300 mg/kg EOA significantly increased (P < 0.05) mRNA relative expression of aminopeptidase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, and Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter in duodenum and glucose transporter 2 in jejunum of laying hens compared to the CON groups. Meanwhile, the relative expression of glucose transporter 2 mRNA in the jejunum was upregulated with increasing concentration of EOA in diets (linear, P < 0.05). Hens in EOA 300 group had higher mRNA relative expression of mucin-2 in ileum (P < 0.05) than hens in CON group. Additionally, the secretory immunoglobulin in ileum A were linear decreased (linear, P < 0.01) with the increasing supplement of EOA. Dietary supplementation with EOA tended to increase (P = 0.083) the counts of Bifidobacterium in cecal digesta at week 25 and 30. In conclusion, dietary with EOA may maintain intestinal tract morphology and promote digestive and absorptive capacities and barrier function, especially at 300 mg/kg. This study provided evidence of using EOA as a potential feed additive for laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Fangyu Long
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
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Franco D, Rois D, Arias A, Justo JR, Marti-Quijal FJ, Khubber S, Barba FJ, López-Pedrouso M, Manuel Lorenzo J. Effect of Breed and Diet Type on the Freshness and Quality of the Eggs: A Comparison between Mos (Indigenous Galician Breed) and Isa Brown Hens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030342. [PMID: 32188038 PMCID: PMC7142747 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a nutritious food, offering a balanced source of essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Genetic and diet factors can modify hen egg traits. Thus, the effects of breed and feed on egg quality using two laying hens, Mos (autochthonous breed) and Isa Brown (commercial hybrid), and three feeds, commercial fodder (CF), corn/pea/triticale (CPT) and corn/wheat (CW), were investigated. Freshness parameters (egg weight, eggshell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units and yolk color), chemical composition, color and textural parameters, as well as fatty acid profile, were assessed on a total of 288 eggs, from the two breeds. The samples were divided in 96 eggs, corresponding to each of the three dietary treatments. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in albumen height and Haugh units, obtaining the highest values for Isa Brown genotype; meanwhile, laying hens fed with CF had the highest weight, as well as the greatest eggshell thickness. Cooked yolks of Isa Brown eggs presented the highest values of luminosity, while the yellowness was higher for Mos eggs. Regarding the texture of eggs, genotype was again the parameter having the greatest impact, obtaining higher values in hardness, gumminess and chewiness in those eggs from the Mos breed. Concerning egg chemical composition, it was affected by breed and diet type, but Mos eggs were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.001) higher contents of fat (9.53% vs. 7.58%), protein (12.31% vs. 11.66%) and ash (1.10% vs. 1.04%) than Isa Brown ones. Finally, diet type influenced the fatty acid profile, mainly affecting oleic and linoleic acids, which showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest values (42.90 and 14.66 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in CW and CF diets, respectively. Overall, breed and bird diet factors had a strong effect on egg quality and nutritional profile. Moreover, eggs from Mos hens had more attractive nutritional indices, and they could even be improved more by changing the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Diego Rois
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Anisia Arias
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - José Ramón Justo
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Francisco J. Marti-Quijal
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Sucheta Khubber
- Food Engineering and Nutrition, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Polanowska K, Nowak J, Łukasik RM. Efficient extraction of vicine from faba beans using reactive system of high-pressure CO2/water. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Robinson GHJ, Balk J, Domoney C. Improving pulse crops as a source of protein, starch and micronutrients. NUTR BULL 2019; 44:202-215. [PMID: 31598097 PMCID: PMC6772023 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulse crops have been known for a long time to have beneficial nutritional profiles for human diets but have been neglected in terms of cultivation, consumption and scientific research in many parts of the world. Broad dietary shifts will be required if anthropogenic climate change is to be mitigated in the future, and pulse crops should be an important component of this change by providing an environmentally sustainable source of protein, resistant starch and micronutrients. Further enhancement of the nutritional composition of pulse crops could benefit human health, helping to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies and reduce risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the nutritional content of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), two major UK pulse crops, and discusses the potential for their genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. H. J. Robinson
- Department of Metabolic BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - J. Balk
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - C. Domoney
- Department of Metabolic BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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17
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Eliminating vicine and convicine, the main anti-nutritional factors restricting faba bean usage. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Warsame AO, O'Sullivan DM, Tosi P. Seed Storage Proteins of Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L): Current Status and Prospects for Genetic Improvement. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12617-12626. [PMID: 30403850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is one of the foremost candidate crops for simultaneously increasing both sustainability and global supply of plant protein. On a dry matter basis, its seeds contain about 29% protein of which more than 80% consists of globulin storage proteins (vicilin and legumin). However, to achieve optimum utilization of this crop for human and animal nutrition, both protein content and quality have to be improved. Though initial investigations on the heritability of these traits indicated the possibility for genetic improvement, little has been achieved so far, partly due to the lack of genetic information coupled with the complex relationship between protein content and grain yield. This review reports on the current knowledge on Vicia faba seed storage proteins, their structure, composition, and genetic control, and highlights key areas for further improvement of the content and composition of Vicia faba seed storage proteins on the basis of recent advances in Vicia faba genome knowledge and genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Warsame
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AR , United Kingdom
| | - Donal M O'Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AR , United Kingdom
| | - Paola Tosi
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AR , United Kingdom
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