1
|
Kwok D, Scott C, Strom N, Au-Yeung F, Lam C, Chakrabarti A, Hutton T, Wolever TM. Comparison of a Daily Steviol Glycoside Beverage compared with a Sucrose Beverage for Four Weeks on Gut Microbiome in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:1298-1308. [PMID: 38408729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that some nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have deleterious effects on the human gut microbiome (HGM). The effect of steviol glycosides on the HGM has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of stevia- compared with sucrose-sweetened beverages on the HGM and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-design study, n = 59 healthy adults [female/male, n = 36/23, aged 31±9 y, body mass index (BMI): 22.6±1.7 kg/m2] consumed 16 oz of a beverage containing either 25% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of stevia or 30 g of sucrose daily for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout. At weeks 0 (baseline), 4, and 8, the HGM was characterized via shotgun sequencing, fecal SCFA concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and anthropometric measurements, fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipids, blood pressure, pulse, and 3-d diet records were obtained. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the HGM or fecal SCFA between the stevia and sucrose groups at baseline (P > 0.05). At week 4 (after intervention), there were no significant differences in the HGM at the phylum, family, genus, or species level between the stevia and sucrose groups and no significant differences in fecal SCFA. At week 4, BMI had increased by 0.3 kg/m2 (P = 0.013) in sucrose compared with stevia, but all other anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures and food intake did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). At week 8 (after washout), there were no significant differences in the HGM, fecal SFCA, or any anthropometric or cardiometabolic measure between the stevia and sucrose groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of a beverage sweetened with 25% of the ADI of stevia for 4 weeks had no significant effects on the HGM, fecal SCFA, or fasting cardiometabolic measures, compared with daily consumption of a beverage sweetened with 30 g of sucrose. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05264636.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kwok
- Frontage Laboratories (BRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Corey Scott
- Cargill R&D Center, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Noah Strom
- Diversigen, New Brighton, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- INQUIS Clinical Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caanan Lam
- Frontage Laboratories (BRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Wu J, Hu M, Zhang H, Zhou X, Yang S, He K, Yan F, Jin H, Chen S, Zhao A. Effects of dietary supplement of ε-polylysine hydrochloride on laying performance, egg quality, serum parameters, organ index, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota and volatile fatty acids in laying hens. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3069-3079. [PMID: 38072654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PLH) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide extensively utilized in the food and medical industries. However, its impact on animal husbandry remains to be further explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of ε-PLH on laying hens' health and laying performance. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with ε-PLH to the diet significantly increased average egg weight during weeks 1-8. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, supplementation with ε-PLH decreased the feed egg ratio during weeks 9-12 and egg breakage rate during weeks 9-16 ,whereas it increased eggshell strength during weeks 1-4 and 13-16 . The ε-PLH 0.05% group increased yolk percentage during weeks 5-8 and yolk color during weeks 1-4 . Furthermore, ε-PLH supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin and reproductive hormones estradiol, as well as decreased interleukin-1 beta and malondialdehyde in the serum. Compared with the control group, supplementation with 0.05% ε-PLH significantly increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Gastranaerophilales and decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Streptococcus in the cecum microbiota. In addition, ε-PLH 0.1% supplementation also increased acetic acid content in the cecum. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with ε-PLH has a positive impact on both productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. Furthermore, ε-PLH can also relieve inflammation by promoting the immunity and reducing oxidative damage during egg production. ε-PLH has been shown to improve intestinal morphology, gut microbial diversity and intestinal health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Moran Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songbai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangfeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Zhejiang Silver-Elephant Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Pan Y, Lin H, Chen X, He P, Wang Y, Chen P, Chu Q. Crude Tieguanyin oolong tea polysaccharides regulate intestinal immune and gut microflora in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice colitis. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3156-3166. [PMID: 38073022 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been increasing. Epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and animal experiments have indicated a negative association between the consumption of tea and IBD. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of crude Tieguanyin oolong tea polysaccharides (CTPS) on experimental colitis, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The administration of CTPS significantly alleviated IBD in the mouse model, and was found to regulate T-cell mediated immune responses in the colon by modulating cytokine production associated with T cells. Furthermore, CTPS demonstrated a positive impact on the gut microbiota, reversing the increase in pathogenic Helicobacter and enhancing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Odoribacter. Oral administration of CTPS also led to an improvement in intestinal metabolism, specifically by increasing the levels of short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION This study provides the first in vivo evidence of the protective effects of CTPS on colitis in mice. The effects are likely facilitated through the regulation of T cell-mediated responses and modulation of the gut microbiota, suggesting that CTPS may be a potential preventive and therapeutic approach for IBD. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Puming He
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Cui X, Liu W, Xiang Z, Ye JF. Regulation of intestinal microflora and metabolites of Penthorum chinense Pursh on alcoholic liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1331956. [PMID: 38328577 PMCID: PMC10847573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1331956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was the second leading cause of liver injury. Penthorum chinense Pursh (GHC) is an important Miao ethnic drug of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver disease, but the pathogenesis is not clear. Aim of the study: To analysis the intestinal microflora and metabolic pathway of GHC on ALD mice. Methods: An HPLC-QTOF-MS method was used to identified the components from GHC extract, firstly. 60 mice were divided into six groups including blank group, model group, positive group and GHC groups (0.29, 0.87 and 2.61 g/kg). ALD mice was treated with GHC for 12 days. ALT, AST, TC and TG in serum were determined, liver index and pathological analysis were achieved. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the intestinal microbial diversity. Finally, UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to analysis the metabolic pathways. Results: 38 ingredients were identified in GHC extract. Compared with the model group, liver index of the positive group and GHC (2.61 g/kg) group was significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, contents of ALT, AST, TC and TG of GHC groups reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Intestinal microbial diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Observed species, Pielou_e, and Shannon indexes in GHC group (2.61 g/kg) were lower than those in model group. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the intestinal microbial composition between blank group and model group, the model group and GHC (2.61 g/kg) group changed significantly. Compared with the model group, proportion of Firmicutes decreased, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased significantly in GHC group, which were 50.84% and 40.15%. The more prominent bacteria in the GHC group were odoribacteraceae, turicibacter, deferribacteraceae, and the intestinal beneficial symbiotic bacteria mucispirillum. Metabolic analysis indicated that, compared with blank group, 90 metabolites in model group changed significantly, and 68 metabolites were significantly callback in GHC group. Discussion: GHC has a therapeutic effect on ALD by regulating intestinal flora imbalance and metabolic pathways including Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Butanoate metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji-Feng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu J, Qin Y, Xiao L, Dai X. Causal relationship between gut microflora and dementia: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1306048. [PMID: 38287957 PMCID: PMC10822966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1306048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous pertinent investigations have demonstrated a correlation between gut microflora (GM) and the occurrence of dementia. However, a causal connection between GM and dementia and its subtypes has not yet been clarified. Objective To explore the causal association between GM and dementia, including its subtypes, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was used. Methods Our data comes from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). The principal approach employed for the Mendelian randomization study was the inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by four methods: MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. This was followed by Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out as sensitivity analysis validation. Results Twenty-one GMs associated with any dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, and dementia under other disease classifications were derived from the analysis, and 21 passed sensitivity tests. Conclusion We confirmed the causal relationship between GM and dementia and its subtypes, derived specific flora associated with increased or decreased risk of dementia, and provided new ideas for preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for dementia mediated by gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Fu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyong Xiao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo Y, Bi Y, Xu Z, Shan L, He J, Wang K, Zhou Z, Yu L, Jiang X, Yang J, Yu L, Gao R, Wei J, Du X, Liu Y, Fang C. Exploring possible benefits of Litsea cubeba Pers. extract on growth, meat quality, and gut flora in white-feather broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1335208. [PMID: 38288379 PMCID: PMC10823429 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1335208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White-feather broiler chickens are the dominant species in global poultry meat production. Yet there is growing concern about their health, quality, and growth efficiency. While feed additives, often antibiotics or synthetic chemicals, are used to maintain the health of the animals, drug resistance limits their use. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., a traditional Chinese herb with antibiotic-like benefits but without the risk of drug resistance, has not yet been explored as an additive to broiler diets. In the present study, broilers of the AA+ hybrid strain were randomly divided into three groups of 16: a control group (regular feed), a low-dose group (1.25 g/kg added L. cubeba extract), and a high-dose group (2.50 g/kg added L. cubeba extract). After 35 days, we found that the extract had no effect on growth. However, gut flora analysis revealed that both doses of the extract had a positive influence on amino acid content and minor unsaturated fatty acids, thus improving the flavor and nutritional value of the meat. These findings suggest that L. cubeba extract, at either dose, could serve as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics, thus reducing the risk of drug resistance while improving meat quality, nutrition, and flavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuchen Bi
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyun Xu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Linxian Shan
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun He
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kedan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhou
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihui Yu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingjiao Jiang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangrui Yang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingran Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaocui Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The International College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongye Fang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boopathy LK, Roy A, Gopal T, Kandy RRK, Arumugam MK. Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23525. [PMID: 37665681 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a serious health problem across the globe with various dietary lifestyle modifications. It arises as an inflammation mediated crypts in the colon epithelial cells and undergoes uncontrolled cell division and proliferation. Bacterial enzymes contribute to a major outbreak in colon cancer development upon the release of toxic metabolites from the gut microflora. Pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns triggers the NLPR3 inflammasome pathways that releases pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce cancer of the colon. Contributing to this, specific chemokines and receptor complexes attribute to cellular proliferation and metastasis. Bacterial enzymes synergistically attack the colon mucosa and degenerate the cellular integrity causing lysosomal discharge. These factors further instigate the Tol like receptors (TLRs) and Nod like receptors (NLRs) to promote angiogenesis and supply nutrients for the cancer cells. Myrtenal, a monoterpene, is gaining more importance in recent times and it is being widely utilized against many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Based on the research data's, the reviews focus on the anticancer property of myrtenal by emphasizing its therapeutic properties which downregulate the inflammasome pathways and other signalling pathways. Combination therapy is gaining more importance as they can target every variant in the cellular stress condition. Clinical studies with compounds like myrtenal of the monoterpenes family is provided with positive results which might open an effective anticancer drug therapy. This review highlights myrtenal and its biological potency as a cost effective drug for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang YS, Juhasz AL, Xi JF, Ma LQ, Zhou D, Li HB. Dietary Galactooligosaccharides Supplementation as a Gut Microbiota-Regulating Approach to Lower Early Life Arsenic Exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19463-19472. [PMID: 37943691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics may stimulate beneficial gut microorganisms. However, it remains unclear whether they can lower the oral bioavailability of early life arsenic (As) exposure via regulating gut microbiota and altering As biotransformation along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, weanling mice were exposed to arsenate (iAsV) via diet (7.5 μg As g-1) amended with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and inulin individually at 1% and 5% (w/w). Compared to As exposure control mice, As concentrations in mouse blood, liver, and kidneys and As urinary excretion factor (UEF) were reduced by 43.7%-74.1% when treated with 5% GOS. The decrease corresponded to a significant proliferation of Akkermansia and Psychrobacter, reduced percentage of inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and iAsV by 47.4% and 65.4%, and increased proportion of DMAV in intestinal contents by 101% in the guts of mice treated with 5% GOS compared to the As control group. In contrast, FOS and inulin either at l% or 5% did not reduce As concentration in mouse blood, liver, and kidneys or As UEF. These results suggest that GOS supplementation may be a gut microbiota-regulating approach to lower early life As exposure via stimulating the growth of Akkermansia and Psychrobacter and enhancing As methylation in the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Jin-Feng Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pal R, Seleem MN. Antisense inhibition of RNA polymerase α subunit of Clostridioides difficile. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0175523. [PMID: 37772833 PMCID: PMC10581251 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01755-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, has emerged as a major enteric pathogen in recent years. Antibiotic treatment perturbs the gut microbiome homeostasis, which facilitates the colonization and proliferation of the pathogen in the host intestine. Paradoxically, the clinical repertoire for C. difficile infection includes the antibiotics vancomycin and/or fidaxomicin. The current therapies do not address the perturbed gut microbiome, which supports the recurrence of infection after cessation of antibiotic therapy. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are novel alternatives to traditional antimicrobial therapy capable of forming strong and stable complexes with RNA and DNA, thus permitting targeted inhibition of specific genes. Here, we report a novel PNA that can target the RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) in C. difficile. The designed anti-rpoA construct inhibited clinical isolates of C. difficile (minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged between 4 and 8 µM) and exhibited bactericidal activity. Furthermore, silencing of the rpoA gene suppressed the expression of genes that encode virulence factors [toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB)] in C. difficile, and the gene that encodes the transcription factor stage 0 sporulation protein (spoOA). Interestingly, the efficacy of the designed PNA conjugate remained unaffected even when tested at different pH levels and against a high inoculum of the pathogen. The rpoA-TAT conjugate was very specific against C. difficile and did not inhibit members of the beneficial gut microflora. Taken altogether, our study confirms that the rpoA gene can be a promising narrow-spectrum therapeutic target to curb C. difficile infection. IMPORTANCE The widespread use of antibiotics can destroy beneficial intestinal microflora, opening the door for spores of Clostridioides difficile to run rampant in the digestive system, causing life-threatening diarrhea. Alternative approaches to target this deadly pathogen are urgently needed. We utilized targeted therapeutics called peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to inhibit gene expression in C. difficile. Inhibition of the RNA polymerase α subunit gene (rpoA) by PNA was found to be lethal for C. difficile and could also disarm its virulence factors. Additionally, antisense inhibition of the C. difficile rpoA gene did not impact healthy microflora. We also propose a novel approach to manipulate gene expression in C. difficile without the need for established genetic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rusha Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang JL, Juhasz AL, Li MY, Ding J, Xue XM, Zhou D, Ma LQ, Li HB. Chronic Exposure to Drinking Water As, Pb, and Cd at Provisional Guideline Values Reduces Weight Gain in Male Mice via Gut Microflora Alterations and Intestinal Inflammation. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12981-12990. [PMID: 37615500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the long-term effect of exposure to arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) via drinking water at the provisional guideline values on gut microflora. In this study, male and female mice were exposed to water As, Pb, or Cd at 10, 10, or 5 μg L-1 for 6 months. At the end of the exposure, the net weight gain of male mice exposed to As and Pb (9.91 ± 1.35 and 11.2 ± 1.50 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to unexposed control mice (14.1 ± 3.24 g), while this was not observed for female mice. Relative abundance of Akkermansia, a protective gut bacterium against intestinal inflammation, was reduced from 29.7% to 3.20%, 4.83%, and 17.0% after As, Pb, and Cd exposure in male mice, which likely caused chronic intestinal inflammation, as suggested by 2.81- to 9.60-fold higher mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in ileal enterocytes of male mice. These results indicate that long-term exposure to drinking water As, Pb, and Cd at concentrations equivalent to the China provisional guideline values can cause loss of protective bacteria and lead to chronic intestinal inflammation, thereby affecting body weight gain in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Meng-Ya Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai ZQ, Shang LJ, Wei YS, Li ZQ, Zeng XF, Chen MX, Wang XY, Li SY, Qiao S, Yu H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Microcin C7 in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12700-12714. [PMID: 37602796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Microcin C7 (McC) as a viable immunomodulator peptide can be a potential solution for pathogenic microbial infection in the post-antibiotic era and has gained substantial attention. This study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of Microcin C7 in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunodeficient mouse model. We show that Microcin C7 treatment significantly alleviated the CTX-caused body weight loss, improved the feed and water consumption to improve the state of the mice, and elevated the absolute number and proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as the level of hemoglobulin. We further aim to characterize the phenotypes of the immune function and intestinal health profiles. The results demonstrate that Microcin C7 treatment increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, interleukin 6, and hemolysin, promoted splenic lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A and LPS, and enhanced the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages immunized by sheep red blood cells. Additionally, Microcin C7 treatment decreased levels of diamine oxidase and d-lactate, ameliorated CTX-induced intestinal morphological damage, and increased the levels of zonula occluden 1, occludin, claudin-1, mucin 2, and secretary IgA in the jejunum and colon. Moreover, Microcin C7 administration is sufficient to reverse CTX-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, decreasing the number of Escherichia coli in colonic contents. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Microcin C7 may have protective and immunomodulatory functions and could be a potential candidate used in animal feed, functional foods, and immunological regimens..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Jun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Shu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Qiang Li
- Luzhou Modern Agriculture Development Promotion Center, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Xia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bistas KG, Tabet JP. The Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Mental Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e43217. [PMID: 37692658 PMCID: PMC10490379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In individuals with depression and anxiety, the composition or alteration of their gut microbiota can significantly affect their psychological symptoms. Articles for this study were selected using PubMed and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) with the following search terms: "gut microbiota," "depression," "anxiety," "probiotics," and "prebiotics." These studies evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota and the decrease in symptoms of depression and anxiety due to treatment with probiotics and prebiotics. Only papers published after 2015 were included. There was a significant relationship between the composition and alteration of the gut microbiota and the presence or variation of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics improved the symptoms of these mental health conditions. This literature review examines how different prebiotics and probiotics affect mental health and how altering individuals' gut microbiota correlates with depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics may decrease the severity of these mental disorders by altering the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlyle G Bistas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA
| | - Jean Paul Tabet
- School of Medicine, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, KNA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bazeli J, Banikazemi Z, Hamblin MR, Sharafati Chaleshtori R. Could probiotics protect against human toxicity caused by polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186724. [PMID: 37492595 PMCID: PMC10363603 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) made of polystyrene (PS) can be toxic to humans, especially by ingestion of plastic particles. These substances are often introduced into the gastrointestinal tract, where they can cause several adverse effects, including disturbances in intestinal flora, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and exacerbated oxidative stress. Although there are widespread reports of the protective effects of probiotics on the harm caused by chemical contaminants, limited information is available on how these organisms may protect against PS toxicity in either humans or animals. The protective effects of probiotics can be seen in organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, and even the brain. It has been shown that both MPs and NPs could induce microbial dysbiosis in the gut, nose and lungs, and probiotic bacteria could be considered for both prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the improvement in gut dysbiosis and intestinal leakage after probiotics consumption may reduce inflammatory biomarkers and avoid unnecessary activation of the immune system. Herein, we show probiotics may overcome the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics in humans, although some studies are required before any clinical recommendations can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Bazeli
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Nursing, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdo A, Zhang C, Al-Dalali S, Hou Y, Gao J, Yahya MA, Saleh A, Aleryani H, Al-Zamani Z, Sang Y. Marine Chitosan-Oligosaccharide Ameliorated Plasma Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters by Modifying the Gut Microflora, Bile Acids, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:2923. [PMID: 37447249 PMCID: PMC10346597 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cholesterol-alleviating effect and underlying mechanisms of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Male hamsters (n = 24) were divided into three groups in a random fashion, and each group was fed one particular diet, namely a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and an HCD diet substituting 5% of the COS diet for six weeks. Subsequently, alterations in fecal bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microflora (GM) were investigated. COS intervention significantly reduced and increased the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in hypercholesteremic hamsters. Furthermore, Non-HDL-C and total triacylglycerols (TG) levels were also reduced by COS supplementation. Additionally, COS could reduce and increase food intake and fecal SCFAs (acetate), respectively. Moreover, COS had beneficial effects on levels of BAs and GM related to cholesterol metabolism. This study provides novel evidence for the cholesterol-lowering activity of COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamzah Aleryani
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Zakarya Al-Zamani
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Zhao L, Sun C, Yang J, Zhang X, Dou S, Hua Q, Ma A, Cai J. Regulation of Gut Microflora by Lactobacillus casei Zhang Attenuates Liver Injury in Mice Caused by Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119444. [PMID: 37298396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis may provide a new perspective for treating anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). Herein, the protective effect of Lactobacillus casei (Lc) was investigated by modulating gut microflora (GM) and the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor (NF)-κB-myeloiddifferentiationfactor 88 (MyD88) pathway. C57BL/6J mice were given three levels of Lc intragastrically for 2 h before administering isoniazid and rifampicin for 8 weeks. Blood, liver, and colon tissues, as well as cecal contents, were collected for biochemical and histological examination, as well as Western blot, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and 16S rRNA analyses. Lc intervention decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (p < 0.05), recovered hepatic lobules, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis to alleviate liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs. Moreover, Lc also increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio and decreased Bilophila abundance, while enhancing zona occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin-1 protein expression compared with the model group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Lc pretreatment reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and downregulated NF-κB and MyD88 protein expression (p < 0.05), thus restraining pathway activation. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were positively correlated with ZO-1 or occludin protein expression and negatively correlated with pathway protein expression. Desulfovibrio had significant negative relationships with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and LPS levels. In contrast, Bilophila had negative associations with ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 protein expressions and positive correlations with LPS and pathway proteins. The results prove that Lactobacillus casei can enhance the intestinal barrier and change the composition of the gut microflora. Moreover, Lactobacillus casei may also inhibit TLR4-NF-κB-MyD88 pathway activation and alleviate ATDILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Liangjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Changyu Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Sheng Dou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Qinglian Hua
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Aiguo Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Durairajan SSK, Singh AK, Saravanan UB, Namachivayam M, Radhakrishnan M, Huang JD, Dhodapkar R, Zhang H. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Immunomodulation, Microflora Dysbiosis, and Clinical Implications. Viruses 2023; 15:1231. [PMID: 37376531 DOI: 10.3390/v15061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in the respiratory system of humans is widely recognized. There is increasing evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 possesses the capability to invade the gastrointestinal (GI) system, leading to the manifestation of symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and GI lesions. These symptoms subsequently contribute to the development of gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these GI symptoms to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unelucidated. During infection, SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and other host proteases in the GI tract during the infection, possibly causing GI symptoms by damaging the intestinal barrier and stimulating inflammatory factor production, respectively. The symptoms of COVID-19-induced GI infection and IBD include intestinal inflammation, mucosal hyperpermeability, bacterial overgrowth, dysbiosis, and changes in blood and fecal metabolomics. Deciphering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and understanding its exacerbation may provide insights into disease prognosis and pave the way for the discovery of potential novel targets for disease prevention or treatment. Besides the usual transmission routes, SARS-CoV-2 can also be transmitted via the feces of an infected person. Hence, it is crucial to implement preventive and control measures in order to mitigate the fecal-to-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Within this context, the identification and diagnosis of GI tract symptoms during these infections assume significance as they facilitate early detection of the disease and the development of targeted therapeutics. The present review discusses the receptors, pathogenesis, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on the induction of gut immune responses, the influence of gut microbes, and potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19-induced GI infection and IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Udhaya Bharathy Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Mayurikaa Namachivayam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Moorthi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rahul Dhodapkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Government of India, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen S, Han P, Zhang Q, Liu P, Liu J, Zhao L, Guo L, Li J. Lactobacillus brevis alleviates the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes in mice model via interplay of gut microflora, bile acid and NOTCH 1 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179014. [PMID: 37234174 PMCID: PMC10206262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) clinically exhibits a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), contributing to a lousy prognosis in patients harboring both diseases. Microflora-based therapy draws attention with low side effects. Accumulating evidence shows that Lactobacillus brevis can improve blood glucose and body weight of the T2DM mice model and reduce several cancer incidences. However, the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus brevis in affecting the prognosis of T2DM+HCC remains unknown. In this study, we aim to explore this question via an established T2DM+HCC mice model. We observed a significant alleviation after the probiotic intervention. Lactobacillus brevis improves blood glucose and insulin resistance and ameliorates Mechanically. Combined with a multi-omics approach including 16SrDNA, GC-MS, and RNA-seq, we identified distinct intestinal microflora composition and metabolites after Lactobacillus brevis intervention. Furthermore, we found that Lactobacillus brevis delayed disease progression by regulating MMP9 and NOTCH 1 signaling pathways, potentially through gut microflora and BA interaction. This study indicates that Lactobacillus brevis may improve the prognosis of T2DM + HCC, providing novel therapeutic opportunities via targeting intestinal flora for patients with T2DM+HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Chen
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Han
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyan Liu
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianyi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ju K, Kil M, Ri S, Kim T, Kim J, Shi W, Zhang L, Yan M, Zhang J, Liu G. Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. J Oceanol Limnol 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36848297 PMCID: PMC9942046 DOI: 10.1007/s00343-022-1412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals, its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1% and 2% BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach, and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed. Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance (indicated by greater weight gain (1.13-1.14 times), higher specific growth rate (1.04 times), and lower feed conversion ratio (0.88-0.89 times)) compared to that of the control (P<0.05). Histological examination revealed significant longer villus (3.22-5.54 times), deeper crypt (1.77-1.87 times), and thicker muscle (1.59-3.17 times) in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species (Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli), but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes (Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Therefore, dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora, by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Myongsuk Kil
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyok Kim
- College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005 China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Đanić M, Pavlović N, Lazarević S, Stanimirov B, Vukmirović S, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Mikov M. Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of simvastatin in probiotic bacteria: A step towards better understanding of drug-bile acids-microbiome interactions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111115. [PMID: 36843926 PMCID: PMC9946981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have been at the forefront of research aimed at finding novel personalized therapies, the focus of research has recently extended to the potential of intestinal microbiota to affect drug efficacy. Complex interplay of gut microbiota with bile acids may have significant repercussions on drug pharmacokinetics. However, far too little attention has been paid to the potential implication of gut microbiota and bile acids in simvastatin response which is characterized by large interindividual variations. The Aim: In order to gain more insight into the underlying mechanism and its contribution in assessing the clinical outcome, the aim of our study was to examine simvastatin bioaccumulation and biotransformation in probiotic bacteria and the effect of bile acids on simvastatin bioaccumulation in in vitro conditions. Materials and methods: Samples with simvastatin, probiotic bacteria and three different bile acids were incubated at anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 h. Extracellular and intracellular medium samples were collected and prepared for the LC-MS analysis at predetermined time points (0 min, 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h). The concentrations of simvastatin were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Potential biotransformation pathways were analyzed using a bioinformatics approach in correlation with experimental assay. Results: During the incubation, simvastatin was transported into bacteria cells leading to a drug bioaccumulation over the time, which was augmented upon addition of bile acids after 24 h. A decrease of total drug level during the incubation indicates that the drug is partly biotransformed by bacterial enzymes. According to the results of bioinformatics analysis, the lactone ring is the most susceptible to metabolic changes and the most likely reactions include ester hydrolysis followed by hydroxylation. Conclusion: Results of our study reveal that bioaccumulation and biotransformation of simvastatin by intestinal bacteria might be the underlying mechanisms of altered simvastatin bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Since this study is based only on selected bacterial strains in vitro, further more in-depth research is needed in order to elicit completely the contribution of complex drug-microbiota-bile acids interactions to overall clinical response of simvastatin which could ultimately lead to novel approaches for the personalized lipid-lowering therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia,*Correspondence: Slavica Lazarević,
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia,Hearing Therapeutics Department, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia,Hearing Therapeutics Department, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patel P, Butani K, Kumar A, Singh S, Prajapati BG. Effects of Fermented Food Consumption on Non-Communicable Diseases. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36832762 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal flora consists of several microbial strains in variable combinations in both healthy and sick humans. To prevent the risk of the onset of disease and perform normal metabolic and physiological functions with improved immunity, a balance between the host and gastrointestinal flora must be maintained. Disruption of the gut microbiota triggered by various factors causes several health problems, which promote the progression of diseases. Probiotics and fermented foods act as carriers of live environmental microbes and play a vital role in maintaining good health. These foods have a positive effect on the consumer by promoting gastrointestinal flora. Recent research suggests that the intestinal microbiome is important in reducing the risk of the onset of various chronic diseases, including cardiac disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, several cancers, and type 2 diabetes. The review provides an updated knowledge base about the scientific literature addressing how fermented foods influence the consumer microbiome and promote good health with prevention of non-communicable diseases. In addition, the review proves that the consumption of fermented foods affects gastrointestinal flora in the short and long term and can be considered an important part of the diet.
Collapse
|
22
|
Asano F, Tsuboi A, Moriya S, Kato T, Tsuji N, Nakaguma T, Ohno H, Miyamoto H, Kodama H. Amendment of a thermophile-fermented compost to humus improves the growth of female larvae of the Hercules beetle Dynastes hercules (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae). J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6908770. [PMID: 36626791 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hercules beetle is a popular pet and large adult individuals are considered valuable. Incorporating compost prepared from marine animals and fermented by thermophilic bacteria into the humus benefits the gut microflora of several livestock. Here, we evaluated whether this compost improves the growth of the Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules hercules) larvae. METHODS AND RESULTS We mixed the compost grains with the humus at a final concentration of 1% (w/w) and transferred ∼90 days old Hercules beetle larvae to fresh humus with or without the compost. After 72 days rearing period, only the female larvae reared in the humus with compost exhibited superior growth, compared with those grown in compost-free humus. The gut bacterial composition was determined at 0 and 46 day after transferring the larvae to humus with or without compost. Improved growth of the female larvae was associated with increased abundance of Mollicutes and decreased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. CONCLUSION The thermophile-fermented compost has a probiotic effect on the female Hercules beetle larvae that is mediated by altered gut microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Futo Asano
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Sermas Co., Ltd., Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan.,Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., Chiba, Chiba 260-0034, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuji
- Sermas Co., Ltd., Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan.,Sermas Co., Ltd., Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan.,Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., Chiba, Chiba 260-0034, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nita IB, Ilie OD, Ciobica A, Hritcu LD, Dobrin I, Doroftei B, Dobrin R. Reviewing the Potential Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Microflora in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416129. [PMID: 36555774 PMCID: PMC9784651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe brain disorder characterized by an intriguing clinical panel that has begun to gain interest due to its particular phenotype. Having considered the role of gut microflora in psychiatry, the latest discoveries might offer further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to offer an updated overview of the therapeutic potential of microorganism-derived supplements alongside dedicated protocols that target the re-establishment of the host's eubiosis. Based on combinations of specific keywords, we performed searches in four databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) for the established interval (2018-2022) and identified twenty two eligible cases, restricted only to human patients' experiences. Up until the writing of this manuscript, it has been revealed that the administration of specific lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), or those combined with vitamin D and selenium, maintain the integrity of the gut flora, preventing antagonistic effects including inflammation, antipsychotic-related body weight gain (olanzapine) and other metabolic dysfunctionalities. However, there are multiple antipsychotics that exert a potent effect upon gut flora, influencing a plethora of pathways and creating a dysbalance ratio between beneficial and opportunistic pathogens. Risperidone, amisulpride, and clozapine are just a few examples, but the current literature is unfortunately inconsistent and reported data is contradictory, which is why we support additional studies in this context. Moreover, we further argue the utility of studying how distinct controlled substances influence microbial communities, considering that ketamine is proved to alleviate depressive-like behavior as opposed to amphetamine and phencyclidine, which are known substances to trigger SCZ-like symptoms in experimental models. Probiotics may be regarded as the most consequential vehicle through which the gut flora can be successfully influenced, in adequate doses exerting a beneficial role as an alternative approach to alleviate SCZ symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca-Bianca Nita
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita-Diana Hritcu
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, no 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.-D.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Irina Dobrin
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, Bucium Street, no 36, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Department of Medicine VIII, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.-D.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Romeo Dobrin
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, Bucium Street, no 36, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou L, Li H, Hou G, Hu C, Ji F, Peng W, Zhou H, Wang D. Effects of blended microbial feed additives on performance, meat quality, gut microbiota and metabolism of broilers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026599. [PMID: 36562042 PMCID: PMC9764441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of blend microbial feed additive (BMFA) in diet on performance, meat quality, gut microbiota and metabolism of broilers. In this study 240 seventy-day-old female Wenchang broilers were randomly allocated into four groups with five replicates of 12 broilers each. Broilers in the control group was fed only basal diet (S0), and the other three groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.2% (S1), 0.4% (S2), or 0.6% (S3) of BMFA, respectively. The trial continued for 54 days. The results showed that broilers in S2 and S3 had lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with S0 and S1 (P < 0.05). However, diet supplementation with BMFA had no significantly influence on the average daily gain (ADG) and the ratio of ADFI to ADG (F/G) (P > 0.05). The highest thigh muscle percentage was observed in S2 (P < 0.05) among all groups. Diet supplementation with BMFA reduced the shear force in both breast and thigh muscles (P < 0.05) of broilers. An increase (P < 0.05) in the total unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid (USFA/SFA) in breast muscles was observed in S3 compared with S0. It was found that the S3 had a relatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.001), as well as a lower abundance of the Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Olsenella, Prevotellaceae UCG-001 and Prevotella (P < 0.05) than the S0. Correlation analysis indicated that a total of 17 differential metabolites between the S3 and S0 were significantly correlated with the 7 differential genera microflora. Overall, diet supplementation with 0.6% of BMFA can significantly improve the meat quality of broilers by decreasing the concentration of SFA and enhancing the levels of the total USFA, MUFA and USFA/SFA in breast muscles. Those findings were tightly bound to the higher proportion of Lactobacillus genus in the intestinal tract of broilers influenced by BMFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luli Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China,*Correspondence: Hanlin Zhou
| | - Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China,Dingfa Wang
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Certain bacteria, known as probiotics, have had a vastly beneficial effect on people's health; considering their benefits they have been mixed with a wide variety of foods for several decades now. The ability of probiotics to modify the immunological response of the host, antagonize pathogenic microbes, or compete for adhesion sites with pathogenic microorganisms is related to the action of probiotics against microorganisms. Infections of the digestive tract, irritable bowel, lactose intolerance, allergies, infections of the urogenital tract, cystic fibrosis, and various cancers can all be prevented and treated with the use of probiotics. They can reduce the side effects of various antibodies. In the field of oral health, dental caries, periodontal disease, and bad breath can be prevented and treated with the use of probiotics. The findings of several of these clinical studies indicate that probiotics may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of various diseases and health issues. Validation of a significant number of these clinical investigations is necessary before the results can be applied to the clinical setting. Clinical studies play an important part in such investigations, and in the not-too-distant future, the outcomes of such trials will determine whether or not probiotics are effective in the treatment of disease. This article will attempt to provide a summary of the available literature on the benefits that these probiotics have with regard to health and disease. Probiotics are foods and/or supplements that contain non-pathogenic microbes such as bacteria and yeast that colonize the gut and can potentially yield a variety of health benefits. Research into the various ways in which probiotic bacteria could be used in the treatment of intestinal disorders is ongoing. Thanks to clinical studies and laboratory experiments, we now know more about how probiotics affect gut microbiome disorders. Studies can prove that probiotics can alleviate a variety of gastrointestinal ailments and improve overall health. This article concentrates on probiotics and commensal microbes, as well as their potential role in gut microbiome-related illnesses. In this section, we mark certain areas that need further work and studies so as to enhance our understanding of how probiotics help in the treatment and reduction of chances of gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dai Z, Li Z, Shi E, Nie M, Feng L, Chen G, Gao R, Zeng X, Li D. Study on the Interaction between Four Typical Carotenoids and Human Gut Microflora Using an in Vitro Fermentation Model. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13592-13601. [PMID: 36214842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated a strong relationship between carotenoids and gut microflora. However, their structure-activity relationship remains unclear. This study evaluated the interaction between four typical carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and astaxanthin) and gut microflora using an in vitro fermentation model. After 24 h of fermentation, the retention rates of the four carotenoids were 1.40, 1.38, 1.46, and 5.63 times lower than those of their without gut microflora control groups, respectively. All four carotenoid treated groups significantly increased total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. All carotenoid supplements significantly promoted the abundance of Roseburia and Parasutterella and inhibited the abundance of Collinsella, while β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and astaxanthin significantly promoted the abundance of Ruminococcus, Sutterella, Subdoligranulum, and Megamonas, respectively. Furthermore, xanthophylls have a more significant impact on gut microflora than carotenes. This study provides a new way to understand how carotenoids work in the human body with the existing gut microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Enjuan Shi
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ranjan A, Arora J, Chauhan A, Basniwal RK, Kumari A, Rajput VD, Prazdnova EV, Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Mandzhieva SS, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Jindal T. Advances in characterization of probiotics and challenges in industrial application. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36200338 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet and poor lifestyle are common reasons for numerous health complications in humans. Probiotics are known to provide substantial benefits to human health by producing several bioactive compounds, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids and short peptides. Diets that contain probiotics are limited to curd, yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, etc. However, exploring the identification of more potential probiotics and enhancing their commercial application to improve the nutritional quality would be a significant step to utilizing the maximum benefits. The complex evolution patterns among the probiotics are the hurdles in their characterization and adequate application in the industries and dairy products. This article has mainly discussed the molecular methods of characterization that are based on the analysis of ribosomal RNA, whole genome, and protein markers and profiles. It also has critically emphasized the emerging challenges in industrial applications of probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar Basniwal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (M&D), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu H, Zhang B, Li F, Liu L, Li F. Shifts in the intestinal microflora of meat rabbits in response to glucocorticoids. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5422-5428. [PMID: 35338488 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As major stress hormones, glucocorticoids can directly or indirectly affect the intestinal microflora, although few studies have focused on changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora. In this study, rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: gavage administration with saline, and the same doses of dexamethasone (1 mg kg-1 ). After 7 days, the microbial diversity of the jejunum contents was analysed. RESULTS The gut microflora richness and diversity had no significant difference between the two groups. The proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant in the jejunum of meat rabbits. Dexamethasone injection led to a change in the structure of the gut microflora composition, and we found that there were six biomarkers with linear discriminant analysis score >4 (Firmicutes, Caproiciproducens, Clostridiales, Clostridia, Psychrobacter, and Psychrobacter faecalis), moreover, the results of this study provide new insight into alleviating the effects of stress on meat rabbits. CONCLUSION It was concluded that glucocorticoids caused changes in the composition of intestinal microflora. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alam Z, Shang X, Effat K, Kanwal F, He X, Li Y, Xu C, Niu W, War AR, Zhang Y. The potential role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in adjuvant cancer therapy especially colorectal cancer. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14302. [PMID: 35816322 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health issue that is rising swiftly with younger people and an increased number of patients. The role of human microbiota in the pathophysiology of tumors has been paid more and more attention. Microecologics including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are among the best validated/proven resources for the application of microbiological prophylaxis and therapy. There is strong evidence that microecologics have anti-cancer activity and their potential association with cancer is significant. In this review, we will focus on the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in tumor suppression in maintaining the colon barrier, metabolism, immune regulation, inhibition of host tumor cell proliferation, and epidemiological-based recommendations. Besides, other signs illuminate the role of microecological agents to adjunct the cancer treatment and counter the toxic side effects of cancer drugs. In addition, we will explore their role in chemotherapy, where these probiotics can be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy, counteracting the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs to minimize or optimize the therapeutic effect. In the treatment of cancer, we can see the role of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and their application in cancer patients, and the effectiveness effect can be considered as a clinical benefit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A large number of studies have shown that microecologics including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics play an important role in regulating intestinal microecology and contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer, indicating that prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have the potential to be used as microecological modulators in the adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, it is not clear what is the anti-tumor mechanism of these microecologics and how they antagonize the side effects of cancer chemotherapy and protect normal cells. This paper reviews the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in tumor suppression in maintaining the colon barrier, metabolism, immune regulation, and prevention of rapid growth of host cells, as well as their potential role in cancer chemotherapy. This review helps to better understand the relationship between prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics with immune regulation, intestinal microecology, metabolic regulation, and cell proliferation and provides strong evidence for their potential application as microecologics in cancer adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Alam
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Khansa Effat
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Freeha Kanwal
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanye Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weining Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Abdul Rouf War
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou L, Li H, Hou G, Wang J, Zhou H, Wang D. Effects of Vine Tea Extract on Meat Quality, Gut Microbiota and Metabolome of Wenchang Broiler. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131661. [PMID: 35804560 PMCID: PMC9265100 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) extract (AGE) on meat quality, gut microbiota and cecal content metabolites of Wenchang broilers. A total of 240 female Wenchang broilers aged 70 days were randomly allocated into four groups with five replicates of twelve broilers each. Broilers were fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with AGE at 0 (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.4% (T3) and 0.6% (T4) until 124 days of age. The whole feeding trial lasted 54 days. Results suggest that the content of total triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of broilers are linearly reduced with dietary AGE supplementation (p < 0.05). The T3 and T4 groups had higher (p < 0.05) a* value in thigh and breast muscles than the T1 group. Additionally, the dietary supplementation of AGE decreased the shear force and drip loss of both thigh and breast muscles linearly (p < 0.05). Compared with the T1 group, AGE supplementation increased the levels of inosine monophosphate (IMP) significantly (p < 0.05) in both the thigh and breast muscles. Furthermore, an increase (p < 0.05) in the total unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid (USFA: SFA) in both the thigh and breast muscles in the T3 group was observed. Higher abundance of Bacteroidota (p < 0.05) and lower abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.05) were observed in the T3 group. The abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the T3 group compared with the T1 group. Cholesterol sulfate and p-cresol sulfate were identified as differential metabolites between the T1 and T3 groups. It suggested that 0.4% of AGE supplementation significantly downregulated the levels of p-cresol sulfate and cholesterol sulfate (p < 0.05) and the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) activity compared with the control. Our present study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with AGE can improve the quality and flavor by increasing the IMP and PUFA content in the muscle of Wenchang broilers. Furthermore, dietary AGE supplementation with 0.4% can regulate the cholesterol metabolism of Wenchang broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luli Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (L.Z.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen Y, Kong Y, Juhasz A, Li H, Zhang R, Cui X. Influence of Dietary Lipid Type on the Bioavailability of DDT and Its Metabolites in Soil: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5102-5110. [PMID: 35384671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of dietary lipid type on DDTr (DDT and its metabolites) relative bioavailability (RBA) in soil was investigated using an in vivo mouse model and in vitro assays. Three different lipids were long chain triglycerides (LCT), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and short chain triglycerides (SCT). DDTr-RBA markedly (p < 0.05) increased from 51.3 ± 10.8% (control) to 94.6 ± 15.9% (10% w/w LCT) and 112 ± 20.8% (20% LCT) in LCT amended treatments. A significant increase in DDTr-RBA (92.2 ± 9.84%, p < 0.05) was also observed when mice were administered diets containing 20% MCT; however, no influence on DDTr-RBA was observed for SCT amended diets. Mechanism exploration showed that LCT and MCT enhanced DDTr solubilization by a factor of 7.31-9.59 compared to controls as a consequence of micelle formation which promoted DDTr mobilization from soil. LCT significantly enhanced DDTr intestinal absorption via increasing synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B 48 (32.2 ± 2.08 mg/L), compared to MCT (22.1 ± 1.32 mg/L) and SCT (15.5 ± 2.03 mg/L) treated Caco-2 cells. Mouse gut microflora analysis highlighted that LCT and MCT may increase intestinal permeability by regulating abundance of Lactobacillus, which may influence the absorption of DDTr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hashem NM, Hosny NS, El-Desoky NI, Shehata MG. Effect of Nanoencapsulated Alginate-Synbiotic on Gut Microflora Balance, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Growing Rabbits. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4191. [PMID: 34883694 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A synbiotic comprising Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) has been encapsulated using nanotechnology. This duo is used as a dietary supplement for growing rabbits. Physicochemical analyses, in vitro antimicrobial activity, and gastrointestinal system evaluation were used to evaluate the quality of the nanofabricated synbiotic. The in vivo study was conducted using 40-day-old male growing rabbits (n = 16 rabbits/group) to evaluate the effect of the nanofabricated synbiotic on the health and growth performance of examined rabbits. Rabbits were equally allocated into four groups; (a) NCS, which received a basal diet supplemented with a noncapsulated 11 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.15 g MOLE/kg diet, (b) LCS: those receiving a nanoencapsulated 5.5 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.075 g MOLE/kg diet, (c) HCS: those receiving an 11 × 1012 CFU SCY + 0.15 g MOLE/kg diet, and (d) CON: those receiving a basal diet without treatment (control). The treatments continued from day 40 to day 89 of age. During the experimental period, growth performance variables, including body weight (BW), feed consumption, BW gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 40 of age and immediately before the start of the treatments to confirm the homogeneity of rabbits among groups. On day 89 of age, blood samples, intestinal, and cecal samples were individually collected from eight randomly selected rabbits. The size and polydispersity index of the nanofabricated synbiotic were 51.38 nm and 0.177, respectively. Results revealed that the encapsulation process significantly improved yeast survival through the gastrointestinal tract, specifically in stomach acidic conditions, and significantly increased in vitro inhibitory activities against tested pathogens. Furthermore, treatments had no negative effects on hematobiochemical variables but significantly improved levels of blood plasma, total protein, and insulin-like growth factor-l. Compared to the CON, NCS, and LCS treatments, the HCS treatment increased the amount of intestinal and cecal yeast cells (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus bacteria (p < 0.05) and decreased number of Salmonella (p < 0.05) and Coliform (p = 0.08) bacteria. Likewise, both LCS and HCS significantly improved the small intestine and cecum lengths compared to CON and NCS. The HCS treatment also significantly improved BW gain and feed conversion compared to CON treatment, whereas the NCS and LCS treatments showed intermediate values. Conclusively, the nanoencapsulation process improved the biological efficiency of the innovative synbiotic used in this study. A high dose of encapsulated synbiotic balanced the gut microflora, resulting in the growth of rabbits during the fattening period.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bakshi HA, Quinn GA, Aljabali AAA, Hakkim FL, Farzand R, Nasef MM, Abuglela N, Ansari P, Mishra V, Serrano-Aroca Á, Tambuwala MM. Exploiting the Metabolism of the Gut Microbiome as a Vehicle for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Colon. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121211. [PMID: 34959610 PMCID: PMC8709317 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colon-associated diseases has increased significantly over the past several decades, as evidenced by accumulated literature on conditions such as Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, and ulcerative colitis. Developing therapeutics for these diseases is challenging due to physiological barriers of the colon, systemic side effects, and the intestinal environment. Therefore, in a search for novel methods to overcome some of these problems, researchers discovered that microbial metabolism by gut microbiotia offers a potential method for targeted drug delivery This overview highlights several drug delivery systems used to modulate the microbiota and improve colon-targeted drug delivery. This technology will be important in developing a new generation of therapies which harness the metabolism of the human gut microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (G.A.Q.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.B.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Gerry A. Quinn
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (G.A.Q.); (P.A.)
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan;
| | - Faruck L. Hakkim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 559122, USA;
| | - Rabia Farzand
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (R.F.); (M.M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Mohamed M. Nasef
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (R.F.); (M.M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Naji Abuglela
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (R.F.); (M.M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Prawej Ansari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (G.A.Q.); (P.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (G.A.Q.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.B.); (M.M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gore AM, Satyaraj E, Labuda J, Engler R, Sun P, Kerr W, Conboy-Schmidt L. Supplementation of Diets With Bovine Colostrum Influences Immune and Gut Function in Kittens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675712. [PMID: 34447799 PMCID: PMC8383104 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In its early life a kitten faces many significant events including separation from its mother, re-homing and vaccination. The kitten is also slowly adapting to their post-weaning diet. Recent advances in companion animal nutrition have indicated that functional ingredients such as colostrum can help support the immune system and gastrointestinal health. Here we report for the first time the effect of feeding a diet containing 0.1% spray dried bovine colostrum (BC) to growing kittens on gut-associated lymphoid (GALT) tissue responses, systemic immune responses, and on intestinal microbiota stability. BC supplementation induced increased faecal IgA expression, and a faster and stronger antibody response to a rabies vaccine booster, indicative of better localised and systemic immune function, respectively. BC supplementation also helped to maintain kittens' intestinal microbiota stability in the face of a mildly challenging life event. These results show that BC supplementation can help strengthen the immune system and enhance the gut microbiota stability of growing kittens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa M Gore
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Jeff Labuda
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robyn Engler
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peichuan Sun
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wendell Kerr
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu H, Liu W, Huang X, Feng Y, Lu J, Gao F. Intestinal flora differences between patients with ulcerative colitis of different ethnic groups in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26932. [PMID: 34397940 PMCID: PMC8360419 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the differences in intestinal flora between Uygur and Han patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Microbial diversity and structural composition of fecal bacteria from patients with UC and their matched healthy spouses or first-degree relatives were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology.The fecal microbial diversity and abundance index of Uygur patients with UC (UUC) were significantly lower compared with the Uygur normal control group, while there was no significant difference between the Han UC patients (HUC) and the Han normal control group (HN). Compared with their respective control groups, Uygur UC patients and Han UC patients had a different main composition of human intestinal flora (P < .05). The abundance of Burkholderia, Caballeronia, Paraburkholderia in the UUC group were higher compared with the HUC group, while Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia in the HUC group were higher than those in the UUC group (P < .05). Veillonella in the UUC group was higher than that in the Uygur normal control group group, while Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 were significantly lower (P < .05). Prevotella_9 in the HUC group was significantly higher than that in HN group, while Blautia, Anaerostipes, and [Eubacterium]_hallii_group were significantly lower. Moreover, the top 6 species in order of importance were Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcae_ucg_005, Ruminococcae_ucg_010, Ruminococcae_ucg_013, Haemophilus, and Ezakiella.The difference in intestinal microflora structure may be one of the reasons for the clinical heterogeneity between Uygur and Han patients with UC. Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcae_ucg_005, Ruminococcae_ucg_010, Ruminococcae_ucg_013, Haemophilus, and Ezakiella could be used as potential biomarkers for predicting UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Han Y, Gong Z, Sun G, Xu J, Qi C, Sun W, Jiang H, Cao P, Ju H. Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680101. [PMID: 34295318 PMCID: PMC8290895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues as the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Interestingly, emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in regulating the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, but few studies have systematically assessed the alterations and influence of gut microbiota in AMI patients. As one approach to address this deficiency, in this study the composition of fecal microflora was determined from Chinese AMI patients and links between gut microflora and clinical features and functional pathways of AMI were assessed. Fecal samples from 30 AMI patients and 30 healthy controls were collected to identify the gut microbiota composition and the alterations using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that gut microflora in AMI patients contained a lower abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and a slightly higher abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes compared to the healthy controls. Chao1 (P = 0.0472) and PD-whole-tree (P = 0.0426) indices were significantly lower in the AMI versus control group. The AMI group was characterized by higher levels of the genera Megasphaera, Butyricimonas, Acidaminococcus, and Desulfovibrio, and lower levels of Tyzzerella 3, Dialister, [Eubacterium] ventriosum group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group as compared to that in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). The common metabolites of these genera are mostly short-chain fatty acids, which reveals that the gut flora is most likely to affect the occurrence and development of AMI through the short-chain fatty acid pathway. In addition, our results provide the first evidence revealing remarkable differences in fecal microflora among subgroups of AMI patients, including the STEMI vs. NSTEMI, IRA-LAD vs. IRA-Non-LAD and Multiple (≥2 coronary stenosis) vs. Single coronary stenosis groups. Several gut microflora were also correlated with clinically significant characteristics of AMI patients, including LVEDD, LVEF, serum TnI and NT-proBNP, Syntax score, counts of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, and fasting serum glucose levels. Taken together, the data generated enables the prediction of several functional pathways as based on the fecal microfloral composition of AMI patients. Such information may enhance our comprehension of AMI pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaowei Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changlu Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiju Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peigang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Ju
- Department of Information Engineering, Heilongjiang Biological Science and Technology Career Academy, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Selenium (Se) shows biologically ambivalent characteristics in animals. It is an essential element but becomes severely toxic when the amount ingested exceeds the adequate intake level. Animals must be able to metabolize the various selenocompounds in meat, fish and vegetables to utilize Se for selenoprotein synthesis. It is known that the biological, nutritional, and toxicological effects of Se are strongly dependent on its chemical form. First, we evaluated the nutritional availability of nine naturally occurring Se compounds, or the so-called bioselenocompounds, in vivo. Second, we evaluated that gut microflora might contributes to the Se nutritional availability. Se is mainly excreted into urine. However, a substantial amount of Se was secreted into bile although Se was hardly detected in feces. Third, we evaluated the biological significance of biliary secretion of Se in terms of mineral nutrition. Finally, we discussed the entire Se metabolism in gut contributing to Se homeostasis in animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mohr AE, Gumpricht E, Sears DD, Sweazea KL. Recent advances and health implications of dietary fasting regimens on the gut microbiome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G847-G863. [PMID: 33729005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00475.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction is a primary dietary intervention demonstrated over many decades in cellular and animal models to modulate aging pathways, positively affect age-associated diseases and, in clinical studies, to promote beneficial health outcomes. Because long-term compliance with daily calorie restriction has proven problematic in humans several intermittent fasting regimens, including alternate day fasting and time-restricted feeding, have evolved revealing similar clinical benefits as calorie restriction. Despite significant research on the cellular and physiological mechanisms contributing to, and responsible for, these observed benefits, relatively little research has investigated the impact of these various fasting protocols on the gut microbiome (GM). Reduced external nutrient supply to the gut may beneficially alter the composition and function of a "fed" gut microflora. Indeed, the prevalent, obesogenic Western diet can promote deleterious changes in the GM, signaling intermediates involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes recent preclinical and clinical effects of varying fasting regimens on GM composition and associated physiology. Although the number of preclinical and clinical interventions are limited, significant data thus far suggest fasting interventions impact GM composition and physiology. However, there are considerable heterogeneities of study design, methodological considerations, and practical implications. Ongoing research on the health impact of fasting regimens on GM modulation is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.,Isagenix International LLC, Gilbert, Arizona
| | | | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rodjan P, Wattanasit S, Thongprajukaew K, Faroongsarng D. Effect of dietary coated granules containing garlic oil diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide on performance, in vitro digestibility and gastrointestinal functionality in laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:118-131. [PMID: 33904625 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with coated granules (CG) on performance, in vitro digestibility and the gastrointestinal functionality in laying hens. A total of 40 Hisex Brown laying hens (36 weeks of age) were randomly divided into five equal groups; one served as a control and the other four were actual experimental groups supplemented with 0.75, 1.5, 3 or 6 g CG per day. All the hens were fed restrictively with target feed intake of 100 g basal diet/hen per day. There were no differences in egg production or egg weight among the groups, but feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (linearly, p < 0.05) with the dose level of CG in diet. Dietary CG increased the jejunal weight (linear and quadratic terms, p < 0.05) but decreased the ileal weight (linearly, p < 0.05). There was mostly statistical interaction between dietary CG and specific activity of intestinal digestive enzymes with similar patterns for dietary CG treatments (p < 0.05). A positive linear correlation was observed with in vitro protein digestibility by using the crude enzyme extract from dietary CG supplementation. Dietary CG decreased the caecal Escherichia coli population while the Lactobacillus spp.: E. coli ratio increased (quadratic fit, p < 0.05). CG supplementation, on the other hand, significantly altered intestinal morphology by increasing the height of duodenal and ileal villi (linearly, p < 0.05). Also, duodenal antioxidant capacity observed via remaining reducing power improved linearly (p < 0.05). This suggests that CG, unlike garlic oils without encapsulation, may be a good candidate for feed supplementation in commercial egg production. It could be included up to 6 g CG per day without any adverse effects on performance, which may relate to improving nutrient digestibility and better utilization of limited feed intake when using a low amount of diet or other observations in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prawit Rodjan
- Program in Tropical Agricultural Resource Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Agricultural and Natural Research Biotechnology Phase 3, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sutha Wattanasit
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural and Natural Research Biotechnology Phase 3, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Karun Thongprajukaew
- Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Damrongsak Faroongsarng
- Drug Delivery System Excellent Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ai G, Huang Z, Cheng J, Xie J, Zeng H, Liu Y, Li Y, Huang X, Chen J, Su Z. Gut Microbiota-Mediated Transformation of Coptisine Into a Novel Metabolite 8-Oxocoptisine: Insight Into Its Superior Anti-Colitis Effect. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639020. [PMID: 33859564 PMCID: PMC8042337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptisine (COP) is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis Chinemsis Franch, which is traditionally applied for the management of colitis. However, the blood concentration of COP was extremely low, and its gut microbiota-mediated metabolites were thought to contribute to its prominent bioactivities. To comparatively elucidate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of COP and its novel gut microbiota metabolite (8-oxocoptisine, OCOP) against colitis, we used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis in mice. Clinical symptoms, microscopic alternation, immune-inflammatory parameters for colitis were estimated. The results indicated that OCOP dramatically ameliorated disease activity index (DAI), the shortening of colon length and colonic histopathological deteriorations. OCOP treatment also suppressed the mRNA expression and release of inflammatory mediators (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and IFN-γ) and elevated the transcriptional and translational levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) as well as the mRNA expression levels of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). Besides, the activation of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome was markedly inhibited by OCOP. Furthermore, OCOP displayed superior anti-colitis effect to COP, and was similar to MSZ with much smaller dosage. Taken together, the protective effect of OCOP against DSS-induced colitis might be intimately related to inhibition of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. And the findings indicated that OCOP might have greater potential than COP to be further exploited as a promising candidate in the treatment of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Đanić M, Pavlović N, Stanimirov B, Lazarević S, Vukmirović S, Al-Salami H, Mikov M. PAMPA model of gliclazide permeability: The impact of probiotic bacteria and bile acids. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105668. [PMID: 33301903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and bile acids possess the ability to modify absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of numerous drugs. Since the variability of gliclazide response in patients cannot be explained only by genetic factors, the influence of gut microbiota and bile acids should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria and bile acids on the gliclazide permeability. The permeability of gliclazide with and without probiotic bacteria and bile acids (cholic acid, CA and deoxycholic acid, DCA) was tested using in vitro PAMPA model, at three different pH values (5.8, 6.5 and 7.4). Concentrations of gliclazide were determined by HPLC analysis. The interactions of gliclazide and bile acids were also investigated by molecular mechanics calculations (MM2). Probiotic bacteria significantly increased the permeability of gliclazide across the PAMPA membrane at all observed pH values while the total amount of gliclazide during incubation with bacteria was significantly reduced at pH 7.4, which could be a consequence of partial metabolism of the drug by enzymes of probiotic bacteria. Bile acids decreased the permeability of gliclazide through PAMPA membrane, with more pronounced effects of DCA, by forming more stable complexes with gliclazide. Given that probiotic bacteria and bile acids are naturally present in the gut and that each individual has a specific bacterial fingerprint, future research should extend the explanation of their effect on the gliclazide bioavailability and therapy individualization in in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, B305, Bentley WA 6102, Perth, Australia.
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tchesnokova VL, Rechkina E, Chan D, Haile HG, Larson L, Ferrier K, Schroeder DW, Solyanik T, Shibuya S, Hansen K, Ralston JD, Riddell K, Scholes D, Sokurenko EV. Pandemic Uropathogenic Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli Have Enhanced Ability to Persist in the Gut and Cause Bacteriuria in Healthy Women. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:937-939. [PMID: 31271206 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli are found in feces of 8.8% of healthy women, with most bacteria belonging to pandemic multidrug-resistant ST131-H30R or ST1193 clonal groups. Moreover, these highly uropathogenic clonal groups demonstrate an especially prolonged gut persistence and high rate of bacteriuria without documented urinary tract infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika L Tchesnokova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine.,ID Genomics, Inc
| | | | - Diana Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | | | - Lydia Larson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Kendra Ferrier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - David W Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Thalia Solyanik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Spencer Shibuya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Kelly Hansen
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.,Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle
| | - James D Ralston
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.,Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Delia Scholes
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.,Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang J, Liao J, Fang Y, Deng H, Yin H, Shen B, Hu M. Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:569085. [PMID: 33365012 PMCID: PMC7750456 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.569085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity in children and in adolescents can lead to adult cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology. Exercise and diet interventions are typical approaches to improve physical condition and to alter the gut microbiota in individuals with obesity. However, whether central hemodynamic parameters including subendocardial viability ratio, the augmentation index standardized to a heart rate of 75/min (AIx75), resting heart rate, and blood pressure, correlate with gut microbiota changes associated with exercise and diet is unclear. Methods Adolescents (n = 24, 12.88 ± 0.41 years) with obesity completed our 6-week program of endurance and strength exercises along with dietary restriction. Blood and fecal samples were collected, and physical parameters were measured before and 24 h after the last session of the intervention program. Pulse wave analysis using applanation tonometry provided the subendocardial viability ratio, a surrogate measure of microvascular myocardial perfusion, and AIx75, a measure of arterial stiffness and peripheral arteriolar resistance. Correlation analysis detected any associations of anthropometric or central hemodynamic parameters with gut microbiome composition. Results Exercise and diet interventions significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio, and lowered levels of fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AIx75 and resting heart rate were also significantly reduced after the intervention without changes to systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The ratio of intestinal microbiota Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes displayed a marked increase after intervention. Interventional changes in gut microbiota members were significantly associated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Microbial changes were also significantly correlated with central hemodynamic parameters, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate. Conclusion Exercise and diet interventions significantly improved measures of central hemodynamics, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate, which were correlated with altered gut microbiota in adolescents with obesity. Our findings shed light on the effects and mechanisms underlying exercise and diet interventions on obesity and suggest this approach for treating patients with both cardiovascular disease and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Harada N, Minami Y, Hanada K, Hanaoka R, Kobayashi Y, Izawa T, Sato T, Kato S, Inui H, Yamaji R. Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1817719. [PMID: 32991827 PMCID: PMC7781658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1817719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen action generates sex-related differences that include changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hypoandrogenism and hyperandrogenism in males and females, respectively, are associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. Our recent work showed that male androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice developed high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent sarcopenic abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis, leading to early death. The ARKO mice also exhibited alterations in intestinal microbiota but did not experience metabolic abnormalities when administered with antibiotics. Here, we show that time-dependent changes in feed efficiency (ratio of body weight gain to food intake) and weight of dried feces-to-food ratio could be good markers for changes in gut microbiota. Turicibacter spp., Lactobacillus spp., and L. reuteri increased in the gut in both HFD-fed ARKO and castrated mice having metabolic abnormalities. HFD-fed ARKO mice showed increased plasma levels of aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase. Changes in the gut microbiome appear to provoke androgen deficiency-induced metabolic diseases, leading to early mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan,CONTACT Naoki Harada Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka599-8531, Japan
| | - Yukari Minami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hanada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3209. [PMID: 33096647 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fibre consists of non-digestible forms of carbohydrate, usually as polysaccharides that originate from plant-based foods. Over recent decades, our diet within Westernised societies has changed radically from that of our hominid ancestors, with implications for our co-evolved gut microbiota. This includes increased ingestion of ultra-processed foods that are typically impoverished of dietary fibre, and associated reduction in the intake of fibre-replete plant-based foods. Over recent decades, there has been a transformation in our understanding of the health benefits of dietary fibre. Objective: To explore the current medical literature on the health benefits of dietary fibre, with a focus on overall metabolic health. Data Sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a PubMed search, using the terms ‘dietary fibre and metabolic health’. Results: In the Western world, our diets are impoverished of fibre. Dietary fibre intake associates with overall metabolic health (through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity) and a variety of other pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for colorectal carcinoma. Dietary fibre intake also correlates with mortality. The gut microflora functions as an important mediator of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, including the regulation of appetite, metabolic processes and chronic inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: Multiple factors contribute to our fibre-impoverished modern diet. Given the plethora of scientific evidence that corroborate the multiple and varied health benefits of dietary fibre, and the risks associated with a diet that lacks fibre, the optimization of fibre within our diets represents an important public health strategy to improve both metabolic and overall health. If implemented successfully, this strategy would likely result in substantial future health benefits for the population.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ghini V, Tenori L, Pane M, Amoruso A, Marroncini G, Squarzanti DF, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Savoia P, Tarocchi M, Galli A, Luchinat C. Effects of Probiotics Administration on Human Metabolic Phenotype. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100396. [PMID: 33036487 PMCID: PMC7601401 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the beneficial interactions between the host and its microbiota is essential for the correct functioning of the organism, since microflora alterations can lead to many diseases. Probiotics improve balanced microbial communities, exerting substantial health-promoting effects. Here we monitored the molecular outcomes, obtained by gut microflora modulation through probiotic treatment, on human urine and serum metabolic profiles, with a metabolomic approach. Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in the study and administered with two different probiotic types, both singularly and in combination, for 8 weeks. Urine and serum samples were collected before and during the supplementation and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and statistical analyses. After eight weeks of treatment, probiotics deeply influence the urinary metabolic profiles of the volunteers, without significantly altering their single phenotypes. Anyway, bacteria supplementation tends to reduce the differences in metabolic phenotypes among individuals. Overall, the effects are recipient-dependent, and in some individuals, robust effects are already well visible after four weeks. Modifications in metabolite levels, attributable to each type of probiotic administration, were also monitored. Metabolomic analysis of biofluids turns out to be a powerful technique to monitor the dynamic interactions between the microflora and the host, and the individual response to probiotic assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical S.p.A., 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Giada Marroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- SCDU Dermatology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mirko Tarocchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-457-4296
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin H, Ding B, Chen L, Zhang Z, He H, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang L, Ni X, Fronte B. The effect of Aspergillus niger as a dietary supplement on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in Haidong chicks reared in a high altitude environment. Vet World 2020; 13:2209-2215. [PMID: 33281358 PMCID: PMC7704321 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2209-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The effects of the inclusion of Aspergillus niger in the diet of Haidong chicks reared in the Qing-Zang high altitude area (China) under hypoxic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 720 Haidong chicks were randomly divided into six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5% of A. niger to determine blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in Haidong chicks reared in a high altitude environment. RESULTS Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration increased in the groups fed diets containing A. niger. The administration of A. niger in 1.0% and 1.25% significantly decreased the concentration of Escherichia coli in the cecum, while the concentration of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the cecum and ileum was increased in the treated groups. When compared to the control groups, villi height, crypt depth, and goblet cell density in the intestine was raised, in general, in the groups treated with A. niger. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 1.25% A. niger as dietary supplement may improve the resistance to ascites among birds reared under hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Baoan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hailian He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jingge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiezhong Wang
- Qinghai Animal Disease Control Center, Xining 810001, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Qinghai Animal Disease Control Center, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xiaoming Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Science Veterinary, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Li X, Wu S, Dong L, Hu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang S. Methylglyoxal Decoration of Glutenin during Heat Processing Could Alleviate the Resulting Allergic Reaction in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2844. [PMID: 32957487 PMCID: PMC7551842 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely believed that Maillard reactions could affect the sensitization of allergens. However, the mechanism of action of methylglyoxal (MGO) production in Maillard reactions in the sensitization variation of glutenin (a predominant allergen in wheat) during heat processing is still unclear. METHODS This research evaluated the effect of MGO on the immune response against glutenin in a mouse model. The resulting variations in conformation and corresponding digestibility of glutenin were determined. The immune response and gut microflora variation in mice were analyzed following administering of glutenin and MGO-glutenin. RESULTS The results of the study showed that MGO-glutenin induced a lower immune response than native glutenin. Cytokine analysis showed that MGO-glutenin regulated mouse immune response by inducing Treg differentiation. MGO decoration changed the structure and digestibility of glutenin. In addition, MGO-glutenin contributes to the maintenance of the beneficial gut microflora. CONCLUSION MGO decoration of glutenin during heat processing could alleviate the resulting allergic reaction in mice. Decoration with MGO appears to contribute to the aggregation of glutenin, potentially masking surface epitopes and abating sensitization. Furthermore, Bacteroides induced regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation, which may contribute to inhibition of the Th2 immune response and stimulation of immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junping Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (L.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ciurescu G, Dumitru M, Gheorghe A, Untea AE, Drăghici R. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, bone mineralization, and bacterial population of broilers fed with different protein sources. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5960-5971. [PMID: 33142513 PMCID: PMC7647910 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of Bacillus subtilis (BS), ATCC 6051a strain, as a probiotic bacterium in broiler diets based of 2 protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and cowpea seeds [CWP]), on growth performance (GP), carcass traits, bone mineralization, and microflora population (0 to 42 d age). The SBM and CWP starter, grower, and finisher diets were tested in the presence or absence of BS (5.0 × 1011 CFU spores g−1 feed) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. Broilers were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (20 chicks per pen). The results showed that broilers fed CWP had comparable GP (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) to the birds fed the SBM diet. Carcass, breast and legs' yield, organ size (i.e., gizzard, liver, pancreas, small intestine, cecum), and bone development were not affected by the protein source. The addition of BS in both types of diet improved BWG (P < 0.001) and feed efficiency, especially in the grower and finisher period (P = 0.047; P = 0.043, respectively). In addition, BS significantly decreased abdominal fat (P = 0.026) and cecum weight (P = 0.034) and increased tibia bone P concentration (P = 0.015). Furthermore, BS decrease cecal pH (P = 0.010) and reduced Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. from cecum and excreta broilers (P < 0.001; P < 0.0001, respectively). It is concluded that the BS significantly improved the GP of broilers and can beneficially affect the gut and excreta bacterial community in both SBM and CWP diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ciurescu
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania
| | - M Dumitru
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania; Department of Biotechnology, Doctoral School, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Gheorghe
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - A E Untea
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania
| | - R Drăghici
- Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, Dăbuleni, Dolj, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The gut microbiome serves an important role in the human body. Reportedly, one of the benefits of these microflora is on mental health. Once established, food and other dietary sources that enhance quality microbiome content in our gastrointestinal system will be a significant consideration in individuals’ day to day lives. This literature review conducted a PubMed search for studies about the gut microbiome and its relation to depression. In using several Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keywords, relevant literature was selected. A total of 26 articles were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after checking the articles’ accessibility. This literature would like to establish the role of the gut microbiome in depression. This study's findings showed that there is a strong association of microbiome function to mental well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Limbana
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Farah Khan
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noha Eskander
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|