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Ferrer Ortas J, Mahou P, Escot S, Stringari C, David NB, Bally-Cuif L, Dray N, Négrerie M, Supatto W, Beaurepaire E. Label-free imaging of red blood cells and oxygenation with color third-order sum-frequency generation microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 36702815 PMCID: PMC9879988 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mapping red blood cells (RBCs) flow and oxygenation is of key importance for analyzing brain and tissue physiology. Current microscopy methods are limited either in sensitivity or in spatio-temporal resolution. In this work, we introduce a novel approach based on label-free third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) contrasts. First, we propose a novel experimental scheme for color TSFG microscopy, which provides simultaneous measurements at several wavelengths encompassing the Soret absorption band of hemoglobin. We show that there is a strong three-photon (3P) resonance related to the Soret band of hemoglobin in THG and TSFG signals from zebrafish and human RBCs, and that this resonance is sensitive to RBC oxygenation state. We demonstrate that our color TSFG implementation enables specific detection of flowing RBCs in zebrafish embryos and is sensitive to RBC oxygenation dynamics with single-cell resolution and microsecond pixel times. Moreover, it can be implemented on a 3P microscope and provides label-free RBC-specific contrast at depths exceeding 600 µm in live adult zebrafish brain. Our results establish a new multiphoton contrast extending the palette of deep-tissue microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ferrer Ortas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Escot
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas B David
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, team supported by Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dray
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, team supported by Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Michel Négrerie
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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2
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Application of P(VDF-TrFE) Glass Coating for Robust Harmonic Nanoparticles Characterization. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010041. [PMID: 33401402 PMCID: PMC7823300 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers are a well-known family of low-cost ferroelectric materials widely used for the fabrication of devices for a wide range of applications. A biocompatibility, high optical quality, chemical and mechanical durability of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene), (P(VDF–TrFE)), makes it particularly attractive for designing of effective coating layers for different diagnostic techniques. In the present work, the nonlinear optical characterization of P(VDF-TrFE)-coating films deposited onto a glass substrate was done. Advantages of the coating application for cells/substrates in the field of multiphoton imaging the efficiency of such coating layer for long-duration characterization of so-called harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs) were shown. The influence of glass surface protection by P(VDF-TrFE) film from an effect of HNPs sticking to the walls of the flow-cell was analyzed for effective studying of the optical harmonics generation efficiency of HNPs making the analysis more robust.
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3
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Chung HY, Greinert R, Kärtner FX, Chang G. Multimodal imaging platform for optical virtual skin biopsy enabled by a fiber-based two-color ultrafast laser source. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:514-525. [PMID: 30800496 PMCID: PMC6377886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate multimodal label-free nonlinear optical microscopy in human skin enabled by a fiber-based two-color ultrafast source. Energetic femtosecond pulses at 775 nm and 1250 nm are simultaneously generated by an Er-fiber laser source employing frequency doubling and self-phase modulation enabled spectral selection. The integrated nonlinear optical microscope driven by such a two-color femtosecond source enables the excitation of endogenous two-photon excitation fluorescence, second-harmonic generation, and third-harmonic generation in human skin. Such a 3-channel imaging platform constitutes a powerful tool for clinical application and optical virtual skin biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Chung
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Urban A, Golgher L, Brunner C, Gdalyahu A, Har-Gil H, Kain D, Montaldo G, Sironi L, Blinder P. Understanding the neurovascular unit at multiple scales: Advantages and limitations of multi-photon and functional ultrasound imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:73-100. [PMID: 28778714 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient brain imaging technologies by combining a high spatiotemporal resolution and a large penetration depth is a key step for better understanding the neurovascular interface that emerges as a main pathway to neurodegeneration in many pathologies such as dementia. This review focuses on the advances in two complementary techniques: multi-photon laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi). MPLSM has become the gold standard for in vivo imaging of cellular dynamics and morphology, together with cerebral blood flow. fUSi is an innovative imaging modality based on Doppler ultrasound, capable of recording vascular brain activity over large scales (i.e., tens of cubic millimeters) at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for such volumes (up to 10μm pixel size at 10kHz). By merging these two technologies, researchers may have access to a more detailed view of the various processes taking place at the neurovascular interface. MPLSM and fUSi are also good candidates for addressing the major challenge of real-time delivery, monitoring, and in vivo evaluation of drugs in neuronal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Urban
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Golgher
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Clément Brunner
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amos Gdalyahu
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Har-Gil
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Sironi
- Physics Dept., Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Saytashev I, Glenn R, Murashova GA, Osseiran S, Spence D, Evans CL, Dantus M. Multiphoton excited hemoglobin fluorescence and third harmonic generation for non-invasive microscopy of stored blood. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3449-3460. [PMID: 27699111 PMCID: PMC5030023 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) in two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy usually appear as dark disks because of their low fluorescent signal. Here we use 15fs 800nm pulses for TPEF, 45fs 1060nm pulses for three-photon excited fluorescence, and third harmonic generation (THG) imaging. We find sufficient fluorescent signal that we attribute to hemoglobin fluorescence after comparing time and wavelength resolved spectra of other expected RBC endogenous fluorophores: NADH, FAD, biliverdin, and bilirubin. We find that both TPEF and THG microscopy can be used to examine erythrocyte morphology non-invasively without breaching a blood storage bag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Saytashev
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rachel Glenn
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gabrielle A. Murashova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sam Osseiran
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E25-519, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dana Spence
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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6
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Dietzel S, Pircher J, Nekolla AK, Gull M, Brändli AW, Pohl U, Rehberg M. Label-free determination of hemodynamic parameters in the microcirculaton with third harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99615. [PMID: 24933027 PMCID: PMC4059650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of blood flow velocity and related hemodynamic parameters is an important aspect of physiological studies which in many settings requires fluorescent labeling. Here we show that Third Harmonic Generation (THG) microscopy is a suitable tool for label-free intravital investigations of the microcirculation in widely-used physiological model systems. THG microscopy is a non-fluorescent multi-photon scanning technique combining the advantages of label-free imaging with restriction of signal generation to a focal spot. Blood flow was visualized and its velocity was measured in adult mouse cremaster muscle vessels, non-invasively in mouse ear vessels and in Xenopus tadpoles. In arterioles, THG line scanning allowed determination of the flow pulse velocity curve and hence the heart rate. By relocating the scan line we obtained velocity profiles through vessel diameters, allowing shear rate calculations. The cell free layer containing the glycocalyx was also visualized. Comparison of the current microscopic resolution with theoretical, diffraction limited resolution let us conclude that an about sixty-fold THG signal intensity increase may be possible with future improved optics, optimized for 1200-1300 nm excitation. THG microscopy is compatible with simultaneous two-photon excited fluorescence detection. It thus also provides the opportunity to determine important hemodynamic parameters in parallel to common fluorescent observations without additional label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dietzel
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - A. Katharina Nekolla
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Mazhar Gull
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - André W. Brändli
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- SyNergy, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung e.V., München, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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7
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Segawa H, Fukutake N, Leproux P, Couderc V, Ozawa T, Kano H. Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:10416-29. [PMID: 24921743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) is one of the third-order nonlinear optical processes, and has the generation mechanism analogous to third harmonic generation (THG). By using a white-light supercontinuum, we can obtain broadband multiplex TSFG spectra. In the present study, we developed an electronically resonant TSFG spectrometer, and applied it to obtain TSFG spectra of hemoproteins. Analyzed TSFG ratio spectra clearly showed the resonant enhancement attributable to the electronic state of hemoproteins. This is a promising method for the imaging of electronic states of molecules inside living cells or tissues.
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8
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Optimization of malaria detection based on third harmonic generation imaging of hemozoin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5431-40. [PMID: 23649925 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pigment hemozoin is a natural by-product of the metabolism of hemoglobin by the parasites which cause malaria. Previously, hemozoin was demonstrated to have a very high nonlinear optical response enabling third harmonic generation (THG) imaging. In this study, we present a complete characterization of the nonlinear THG response of natural hemozoin in malaria-infected red blood cells, as well as in pure isostructural synthesized hematin anhydride, in order to determine optimal imaging parameters for detection. Our study demonstrates the wavelength range for optimal pulsed femtosecond laser excitation of THG from hemozoin crystals. In addition, we show the hemozoin crystal detection as a function of crystal size, incident laser power, and the emission response of the hemozoin crystals to different incident laser polarization states. Our systematic measurements of the nonlinear optical response from hemozoin establish detection limits, which are essential for the optimal design of malaria detection technologies that exploit the THG response of hemozoin.
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9
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Chen CK, Liu TM. Imaging morphodynamics of human blood cells in vivo with video-rate third harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2860-5. [PMID: 23162724 PMCID: PMC3493243 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With a video-rate third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy system, we imaged the micro-circulation beneath the human skin without labeling. Not only the speed of circulation but also the morpho-hydrodynamics of blood cells can be analyzed. Lacking of nuclei, red blood cells (RBCs) shows typical parachute-like and hollow-core morphology under THG microscopy. Quite different from RBCs, every now and then, round and granule rich blood cells with strong THG contrast appear in circulation. The corresponding volume densities in blood, evaluated from their frequencies of appearance and the velocity of circulation, fall within the physiological range of human white blood cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Kuo Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Label-free 3D visualization of cellular and tissue structures in intact muscle with second and third harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28237. [PMID: 22140560 PMCID: PMC3225396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Second and Third Harmonic Generation (SHG and THG) microscopy is based on optical effects which are induced by specific inherent physical properties of a specimen. As a multi-photon laser scanning approach which is not based on fluorescence it combines the advantages of a label-free technique with restriction of signal generation to the focal plane, thus allowing high resolution 3D reconstruction of image volumes without out-of-focus background several hundred micrometers deep into the tissue. While in mammalian soft tissues SHG is mostly restricted to collagen fibers and striated muscle myosin, THG is induced at a large variety of structures, since it is generated at interfaces such as refraction index changes within the focal volume of the excitation laser. Besides, colorants such as hemoglobin can cause resonance enhancement, leading to intense THG signals. We applied SHG and THG microscopy to murine (Mus musculus) muscles, an established model system for physiological research, to investigate their potential for label-free tissue imaging. In addition to collagen fibers and muscle fiber substructure, THG allowed us to visualize blood vessel walls and erythrocytes as well as white blood cells adhering to vessel walls, residing in or moving through the extravascular tissue. Moreover peripheral nerve fibers could be clearly identified. Structure down to the nuclear chromatin distribution was visualized in 3D and with more detail than obtainable by bright field microscopy. To our knowledge, most of these objects have not been visualized previously by THG or any label-free 3D approach. THG allows label-free microscopy with inherent optical sectioning and therefore may offer similar improvements compared to bright field microscopy as does confocal laser scanning microscopy compared to conventional fluorescence microscopy.
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11
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Chang CF, Yu CH, Sun CK. Multi-photon resonance enhancement of third harmonic generation in human oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:678-85. [PMID: 20583034 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells require excessive oxygen and nutrition to support their rapid growth, so angiogenesis and decrease of blood oxygen are often associated with areas of cancer development. Current technologies for blood oxygen measurement, however, do not possess high spatial resolution and therefore cannot be used to detect small tumors in their early stage. In this paper, we studied the third harmonic generation (THG) spectra of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin in the 1170-1365 nm region, which is strongly influenced by the multi-photon resonance effect, especially around the Soret transition band. Our spectroscopic results thus indicate the high potential of THG spectroscopic microscopy for oxygen depletion level measurement of a single red blood cell in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Feng Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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12
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Dang HM, Omura G, Umano T, Yamagiwa M, Kajiyama S, Ozeki Y, Itoh K, Fukui K. Label-free imaging by stimulated parametric emission microscopy reveals a difference in hemoglobin distribution between live and fixed erythrocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:040506. [PMID: 19725711 DOI: 10.1117/1.3207151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that stimulated parametric emission (SPE) microscopy enables label-free, 3-D visualization of internal hemoglobin distribution of live mouse and chicken erythrocytes with high sensitivity. Change in hemoglobin distribution in chicken erythrocytes before and after ethanol fixation is clearly visualized.
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13
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Chang CF, Chen CY, Chang FH, Tai SP, Chen CY, Yu CH, Tseng YB, Tsai TH, Liu IS, Su WF, Sun CK. Cell tracking and detection of molecular expression in live cells using lipid-enclosed CdSe quantum dots as contrast agents for epi-third harmonic generation microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:9534-48. [PMID: 18575520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.009534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that lipid-enclosed CdSe quantum dots (LEQDs) can function as versatile contrast agents in epi-detection third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy for biological applications in vivo. With epi-THG intensities 20 times stronger than corresponding fluorescence intensities from the same LEQDs under the same conditions of energy absorption, such high brightness LEQDs were proved for the abilities of cell tracking and detection of specific molecular expression in live cancer cells. Using nude mice as an animal model, the distribution of LEQD-loaded tumor cells deep in subcutaneous tissues were imaged with high THG contrast. This is the first demonstration that THG contrast can be manipulated in vivo with nanoparticles. By linking LEQDs with anti-Her2 antibodies, the expression of Her2/neu receptors in live breast cancer cells could also be easily detected through THG. Compared with fluorescence modalities, the THG modality also provides the advantage of no photobleaching and photoblinkin g effects. Combined with a high penetration 1230 nm laser, these novel features make LEQDs excellent THG contrast agents for in vivo deep-tissue imaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Feng Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Yu MML, Konorov SO, Schulze HG, Blades MW, Turner RFB, Jetter R. In situ analysis by microspectroscopy reveals triterpenoid compositional patterns within leaf cuticles of Prunus laurocerasus. PLANTA 2008; 227:823-34. [PMID: 18000679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The cuticular waxes on the leaves of Prunus laurocerasus are arranged in distinct layers differing in triterpenoid concentrations (Jetter et al., Plant Cell Environ 23:619-628, 2000). In addition to this transversal gradient, the lateral distribution of cuticular triterpenoids must be investigated to fully describe the spatial distribution of wax components on the leaf surfaces. In the present investigation, near infrared (NIR) Raman microspectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, and third harmonic generation (THG) spectroscopy were employed to map the triterpenoid distribution in isolated cuticles from adaxial and abaxial sides of P. laurocerasus leaves. The relative concentrations of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were calculated by treating the cuticle spectra as linear combinations of reference spectra from the major compounds found in the wax. Raman maps of the adaxial cuticle showed that the triterpenoids accumulate to relatively high concentrations over the periclinal regions of the pavement cells, while the very long chain aliphatic wax constituents are distributed fairly evenly across the entire adaxial cuticle. In the analysis of the abaxial cuticles, the triterpenoids were found to accumulate in greater amounts over the guard cells relative to the pavement cells. The very long chain aliphatic compounds accumulated in the cuticle above the anticlinal cell walls of the pavement cells, and were found at low concentrations above the periclinals and the guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M L Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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15
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Friedl P, Wolf K, von Andrian UH, Harms G. Biological second and third harmonic generation microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 4:Unit 4.15. [PMID: 18228516 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0415s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has become a standard method for noninvasive imaging of thick specimens with subcellular resolution. Higher harmonic generation microscopy (HHGM), based on nonlinear multiphoton excitation, is a contrast mechanism for the structural and molecular imaging of native samples in cell culture and in fixed and live tissues, for both, three-dimensional and four-dimensional reconstructions. HHGM comprises second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG) of ordered molecules, can be obtained without exogenous labels, and provides detailed real-time optical reconstruction of fibrillar collagen, myosin, microtubules, and membrane potential, as well as cell depolarization. This unit presents the principles of SHG and THG and the basic setup of a HHGM system, and summarizes current applications in cell biology. Multimodal multiphoton microscopy using HHGM together with two-photon excited fluorescence will develop into a key approach to real-time imaging of cell dynamics in the context of live tissues.
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16
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Hankus ME, Li H, Gibson GJ, Cullum BM. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Nanoprobe for High-Resolution, Non-Scanning Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2006; 78:7535-46. [PMID: 17073424 DOI: 10.1021/ac061125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development and demonstration of a non-scanning chemical imaging probe, capable of obtaining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) images of samples with which it is in direct contact. The SERS imaging arrays (i.e., nanoprobes) are used in a signal collection mode to obtain images by measuring as many as 30 000 individual sub-diffraction-limited locations on a sample's surface simultaneously. These SERS probes are fabricated from coherent fiber-optic imaging bundles, allowing for the formation of a highly ordered roughened metal surface, capable of providing uniform SERS enhancement (<2.0% relative standard deviation) across the entire imaging surface. These optimized SERS nanoprobes have potential application to a wide range of research fields from materials science to cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikella E Hankus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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Schaller RD, Snee PT, Johnson JC, Lee LF, Wilson KR, Haber LH, Saykally RJ, Nguyen TQ, Schwartz BJ. Nanoscopic interchain aggregate domain formation in conjugated polymer films studied by third harmonic generation near-field scanning optical microscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1499479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schaller RD, Ziegelbauer J, Lee LF, Haber LH, Saykally RJ. Chemically Selective Imaging of Subcellular Structure in Human Hepatocytes with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM). J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020855t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204
| | - Joseph Ziegelbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204
| | - Lynn F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204
| | - Louis H. Haber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204
| | - Richard J. Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204
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Schaller RD, Johnson JC, Wilson KR, Lee LF, Haber LH, Saykally RJ. Nonlinear Chemical Imaging Nanomicroscopy: From Second and Third Harmonic Generation to Multiplex (Broad-Bandwidth) Sum Frequency Generation Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0144653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Lynn F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Louis H. Haber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Richard J. Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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Kimura H, Sekiguchi K, Kitamori T, Sawada T, Mukaida M. Assay of spherical cell surface molecules by thermal lens microscopy and its application to blood cell substances. Anal Chem 2001; 73:4333-7. [PMID: 11569828 DOI: 10.1021/ac010257v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To detect and quantitate uneven cell surface molecules, such as blood group antigens on a blood cell and immunoglobulin molecules on a mast cell, an improved method of thermal lens microscopy was employed. The antigen molecules were immunologically stained with their antibodies, which were labeled with colloidal gold. Since the surface of the biological cells was not flat but spherical, the focal point of the probe laser beam inevitably deviated from the sample surface on the moving stage. Therefore, the deviation of the focal point of the probe beam was corrected by adjusting the phase of the signal. Using this technique, a three-dimensional antigen distribution on each cell surface was imaged. Despite the convex surface of cells, labeled colloidal gold was correctly quantified. In the measurement of erythrocyte antigens, a small quantity of Lewis antigens was successfully detected on the umbilical cord erythrocytes. Immunoglobulin E on a mast cell, derived from the allergic human mucosa fungus, was also observed by this method, and the distribution of IgE molecules on the cell surface was quantitatively imaged. A thermal lens microscope, which measures spherical samples correcting the deviation, made it possible for us to observe and assay the substances on biological specimens that have complicated forms, such as living cells in vivo or in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
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