1
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Ligler FS, Ligler GT. Forty years of advances in optical biosensors-are "autonomous" biosensors in our future? Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05338-1. [PMID: 38811407 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Optical biosensors have employed at least three distinct system architectures over the last 40 years, moving from "sample in-answer out" systems to completely embedding the optical biosensor into the sample to embedding the recognition module in the sample and optically interrogating the recognition module from outside of the sample. This trends article provides an overview of the evolution of these three system architectures and discusses how each architecture has been applied to solve the measurement challenges of a wide variety of applications. A fourth biosensor system architecture, that of an "autonomous" biosensor which "takes the user out of the loop" while both detecting target analytes and responding to that measurement, is currently under development for applications initially including environmental cleanup and "smart therapeutics." As is the case in many other areas of technology, it will be profoundly interesting to observe the further development and application of elegant, simpler (optical) biosensor systems to address tomorrow's measurement needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - George T Ligler
- Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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2
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Abstract
Point-of-care and in-vivo bio-diagnostic tools are the current need for the present critical scenarios in the healthcare industry. The past few decades have seen a surge in research activities related to solving the challenges associated with precise on-site bio-sensing. Cutting-edge fiber optic technology enables the interaction of light with functionalized fiber surfaces at remote locations to develop a novel, miniaturized and cost-effective lab on fiber technology for bio-sensing applications. The recent remarkable developments in the field of nanotechnology provide innumerable functionalization methodologies to develop selective bio-recognition elements for label free biosensors. These exceptional methods may be easily integrated with fiber surfaces to provide highly selective light-matter interaction depending on various transduction mechanisms. In the present review, an overview of optical fiber-based biosensors has been provided with focus on physical principles used, along with the functionalization protocols for the detection of various biological analytes to diagnose the disease. The design and performance of these biosensors in terms of operating range, selectivity, response time and limit of detection have been discussed. In the concluding remarks, the challenges associated with these biosensors and the improvement required to develop handheld devices to enable direct target detection have been highlighted.
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3
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Liu L, Qiao H. A review of biosensor technology and algorithms for glucose monitoring. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107929. [PMID: 33902999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a serious illness in the whole world. Until now, there is no effective cure for patients with DM. It is well known that the glucose level is one key factor to determine the progress of DM. It is also an important reference to carry out the accurate and timely treatment for patients with DM. In this article, the related biosensors technology that can be utilized to identify and predict glucose level are reviewed in detail, including the algorithms that can help to achieve numerical value of glucose level. Firstly, the biosensor technology based on the physiological fluids are illustrated, including blood, sweat, interstitial fluid, ocular fluid, and other available fluids. Secondly, the algorithms for achieving numerical value of glucose level are investigated, including the physiological model-based method and the machine learning-based method. Finally, the future development trend and challenges of glucose level monitoring are given and the conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jingxue Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Liansheng Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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4
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Park J. Optical Glucose Sensor Using Pressure Sensitive Paint. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134474. [PMID: 34208846 PMCID: PMC8272239 DOI: 10.3390/s21134474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A glucose sensor is used as an essential tool for diagnosing and treating diabetic patients and controlling processes during cell culture. Since the development of an electrochemical-based glucose sensor, an optical glucose sensor has been devised to overcome its shortcomings, but this also poses a problem because it requires a complicated manufacturing process. This study aimed to develop an optical glucose sensor film that could be fabricated with a simple process using commercial pressure sensitive paints. The sensor manufacturing technology developed in this work could simplify the complex production process of the existing electrochemical or optical glucose sensors. In addition, a photometric method for glucose concentration analysis was developed using the color image of the sensor. By developing this sensor and analysis technology, the basis for glucose measurement was established that enables two-dimensional, online, and continuous measurement. The proposed sensor showed good linearity at 0–4 mM glucose in an aqueous sample solution, its limit of detection was 0.37 mM, and the response time was 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Korea
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5
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Huang L, Le T, Huang K, Han G. Enzymatic enhancing of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion by breaking oxygen quenching for background-free biological sensing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1898. [PMID: 33772017 PMCID: PMC7997900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their promises in organic chemistry, solar energy harvesting and several biological applications. However, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion in aqueous solutions is challenging due to sensitivity to oxygen, hindering its biological applications under ambient atmosphere. Herein, we report a simple enzymatic strategy to overcome oxygen-induced triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion quenching. This strategy stems from a glucose oxidase catalyzed glucose oxidation reaction, which enables rapid oxygen depletion to turn on upconversion in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, self-standing upconversion biological sensors of such nanoparticles are developed to detect glucose and measure the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in a highly specific, sensitive and background-free manner. This study not only overcomes the key roadblock for applications of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, it also establishes the proof-of-concept to develop triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles as background free self-standing biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Timmy Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
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6
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Ehrlich K, Choudhary TR, Ucuncu M, Megia-Fernandez A, Harrington K, Wood HAC, Yu F, Choudhury D, Dhaliwal K, Bradley M, Tanner MG. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Fluorescence Quenching in Optical Fibre-Based pH Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216115. [PMID: 33121191 PMCID: PMC7663438 DOI: 10.3390/s20216115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous optodes, with fluorophores as the chemical sensing element and optical fibres for light delivery and collection, have been fabricated for minimally invasive endoscopic measurements of key physiological parameters such as pH. These flexible miniaturised optodes have typically attempted to maximize signal-to-noise through the application of high concentrations of fluorophores. We show that high-density attachment of carboxyfluorescein onto silica microspheres, the sensing elements, results in fluorescence energy transfer, manifesting as reduced fluorescence intensity and lifetime in addition to spectral changes. We demonstrate that the change in fluorescence intensity of carboxyfluorescein with pH in this "high-density" regime is opposite to that normally observed, with complex variations in fluorescent lifetime across the emission spectra of coupled fluorophores. Improved understanding of such highly loaded sensor beads is important because it leads to large increases in photostability and will aid the development of compact fibre probes, suitable for clinical applications. The time-resolved spectral measurement techniques presented here can be further applied to similar studies of other optodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katjana Ehrlich
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.C.); (M.G.T.)
- EPSRC Proteus IRC Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (T.R.C.); (K.D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tushar R. Choudhary
- EPSRC Proteus IRC Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (T.R.C.); (K.D.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Muhammed Ucuncu
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK; (M.U.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK; (M.U.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Kerrianne Harrington
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK; (K.H.); (H.A.C.W.); (F.Y.)
| | - Harry A. C. Wood
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK; (K.H.); (H.A.C.W.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yu
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK; (K.H.); (H.A.C.W.); (F.Y.)
| | - Debaditya Choudhury
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Kev Dhaliwal
- EPSRC Proteus IRC Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (T.R.C.); (K.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mark Bradley
- EPSRC Proteus IRC Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (T.R.C.); (K.D.); (M.B.)
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK; (M.U.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Michael G. Tanner
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.C.); (M.G.T.)
- EPSRC Proteus IRC Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (T.R.C.); (K.D.); (M.B.)
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7
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Jin X, Alam MA. Generalized Modeling Framework of Metal Oxide-Based Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors: Concepts, Methods, and Challenges. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:679-687. [PMID: 31150330 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2919462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glucose sensors have transformed diabetes control. Most glucose sensors are enzymatic, but a non-enzymatic metal oxide-based glucose sensor on a nanostructured substrate is of considerable interest for future always-on wearable closed-loop sensing for hypoglycemia management. Recently, various research groups have demonstrated that different nanostructured substrates (fabricated by a variety of innovative techniques) boost the sensitivity of non-enzymatic glucose sensor. In this work, we develop a physics-based model to correlate the geometrical and chemical design parameters to the non-linear amperometric response of non-enzymatic glucose sensor on geometrically complex substrates. Using this model, we can interpret the scattered results in the literature within a common conceptual framework. Our results show that while non-enzymatic glucose sensor still does not have sufficient dynamic range to replace the classical blood glucose sensors, these sensors could be useful for low concentration glucose sensing applications involving sweat, saliva, and ocular fluid. Our model will predictably improve the design of non-enzymatic glucose sensors for the integration into a continuous glucose monitoring system embedded in wearable and implantable platforms.
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8
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Bruen D, Delaney C, Florea L, Diamond D. Glucose Sensing for Diabetes Monitoring: Recent Developments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1866. [PMID: 28805693 PMCID: PMC5579887 DOI: 10.3390/s17081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances towards non-invasive and continuous glucose monitoring devices, with a particular focus placed on monitoring glucose concentrations in alternative physiological fluids to blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bruen
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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9
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Banerjee S, Kelly C, Kerry JP, Papkovsky DB. High throughput non-destructive assessment of quality and safety of packaged food products using phosphorescent oxygen sensors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Carlotti M, Gullo G, Battisti A, Martini F, Borsacchi S, Geppi M, Ruggeri G, Pucci A. Thermochromic polyethylene films doped with perylene chromophores: experimental evidence and methods for characterization of their phase behaviour. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LLDPE films doped with aggregachromic PE-Pery fluorophores were proposed as a thermochromic system in the 30–70 °C regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppa Gullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Antonella Battisti
- Istituto di Biofisica – CNR and NEST – Scuola Normale Superiore
- Pisa
- Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici del CNR
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- INSTM
- Unità di Ricerca di Pisa
| | - Silvia Borsacchi
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici del CNR
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- INSTM
- Unità di Ricerca di Pisa
| | - Marco Geppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici del CNR
| | - Giacomo Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- INSTM
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- INSTM
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11
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Kivirand K, Floren A, Kagan M, Avarmaa T, Rinken T, Jaaniso R. Analyzing the biosensor signal in flows: studies with glucose optrodes. Talanta 2014; 131:74-80. [PMID: 25281075 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Responses of enzymatic bio-optrodes in flow regime were studied and an original model was proposed with the aim of establishing a reliable method for a quick determination of biosensor signal parameters, applicable for biosensor calibration. A dual-optrode glucose biosensor, comprising of a glucose bio-optrode and a reference oxygen optrode, both placed into identical flow channels, was developed and used as a model system. The signal parameters of this biosensor at different substrate concentrations were not dependent on the speed of the probe flow and could be determined from the initial part of the biosensor transient phase signal, providing a valuable tool for rapid analysis. In addition, the model helped to design the biosensor system with reduced impact of enzyme inactivation to the system stability (20% decrease of the enzyme activity lead to only a 1% decrease of the slope of the calibration curve) and hence significantly prolong the effective lifetime of bio-optrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kivirand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - A Floren
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - M Kagan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - T Avarmaa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - T Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - R Jaaniso
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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12
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Wang XD, Wolfbeis OS. Optical methods for sensing and imaging oxygen: materials, spectroscopies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3666-761. [PMID: 24638858 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the current state of optical methods for sensing oxygen. These have become powerful alternatives to electrochemical detection and in the process of replacing the Clark electrode in many fields. The article (with 694 references) is divided into main sections on direct spectroscopic sensing of oxygen, on absorptiometric and luminescent probes, on polymeric matrices and supports, on additives and related materials, on spectroscopic schemes for read-out and imaging, and on sensing formats (such as waveguide sensing, sensor arrays, multiple sensors and nanosensors). We finally discuss future trends and applications and summarize the properties of the most often used indicator probes and polymers. The ESI† (with 385 references) gives a selection of specific applications of such sensors in medicine, biology, marine and geosciences, intracellular sensing, aerodynamics, industry and biotechnology, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-dong Wang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Aydoğdu G, Zeybek DK, Pekyardımcı Ş, Kılıç E. A novel amperometric biosensor based on ZnO nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode for determination of glucose in human serum. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 41:332-8. [PMID: 23305092 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2012.744994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles-(ZnONPs)modified carbon paste enzyme electrodes (ZnONPsMCPE) were developed for determination of glucose. The determination of glucose was carried out by oxidation of H2O2 at +0.4 V. ZnONPsMCPE provided biocompatible microenvironment for GOx and necessary pathway of electron transfer between GOx and electrode. The response of GOx/ZnONPsMCPE was proportional to glucose concentration and detection limit was 9.1 × 10(-3) mM. Km and Imax, were calculated as 0.124 mM and 2.033 μA. The developed biosensor exhibits high analytical performance with wide linear range (9.1 × 10(-3)-14.5 mM), selectivity and reproducibility. Serum glucose results allow us to ascertain practical utility of GOx/ZnONPsMCPE biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Aydoğdu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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14
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Qi XL, Liu SY, Lin RB, Liao PQ, Ye JW, Lai Z, Guan Y, Cheng XN, Zhang JP, Chen XM. Phosphorescence doping in a flexible ultramicroporous framework for high and tunable oxygen sensing efficiency. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6864-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43461c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Xie L, Qin Y, Chen HY. Polymeric optodes based on upconverting nanorods for fluorescent measurements of pH and metal ions in blood samples. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1969-74. [PMID: 22320710 DOI: 10.1021/ac203003w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical thin films incorporating NaYF(4):Er,Yb upconverting nanorods and chromoionophore ETH 5418 in hydrophobic polymer matrixes have been developed for the first time to measure pH and metal ions based on the ion-exchange mechanism. The absorption spectra of protonated and unprotonated ETH 5418 overlap the two emission peaks of upconverting material, respectively, which makes the inert nanorods ion-sensitive. Optodes for pH and metal ions (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Cu(2+)) were investigated and exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Because of excitation by the 980 nm laser source, detection in the near-infrared region at 656 nm, and high quantum yield of the nanorods in hydrophobic membrane, the proposed sensors have been successfully used in whole blood measurements with minimized background absorption and sample autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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16
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Long R, McShane M. High-throughput spectral system for interrogation of dermally-implanted luminescent sensors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2012:2351-2354. [PMID: 23366396 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric luminescent microparticle sensors have been developed for sensing biochemical targets such as glucose in interstitial fluid, enabling use of dermal implants for on-demand monitoring. For these sensor systems to be deployed in vivo, a matched optoelectronic system for interrogation of dermally-implanted sensors was previously designed, constructed, and evaluated experimentally. During evaluation experiments, it revealed that the system efficiency was compromised by losses due to fiber connections of a commercial spectrometer. In this work, a high-throughput spectral system was presented to solve the photon loss problem. This system was designed, constructed, and tested. The throughput was around hundred time more than the previous system we used, and it was cost-effective, as well. It enables use of an integrated system for excitation, collection and measurement of luminescent emission, and will be used as a tool for in vivo studies with animal models or human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Wang J, Banerji S, Menegazzo N, Peng W, Zou Q, Booksh KS. Glucose detection with surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and molecularly imprinted hydrogel coatings. Talanta 2011; 86:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Long R, McShane M. High-efficiency optical systems for interrogation of dermally-implanted sensors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011; 2010:1033-6. [PMID: 21097206 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5628059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ratiometric Luminescent microparticle sensors have been developed for sensing biochemical targets such as glucose in interstitial fluid, enabling use of dermal implants for on-demand monitoring. For these sensor systems to be deployed in vivo, a matched optoelectronic system for interrogation of dermally-implanted sensors was previously designed, constructed, and evaluated experimentally. During evaluation experiments, it revealed that the system efficiency was compromised by losses due to fiber connections, the entrance aperture, and the entrance slit of the spectrometer. In this work, two optimization methods were investigated to overcome photon loss at fiber connections and internal trade-off between resolution and input light power of the current spectrometer: 1) Replacement of the CCD spectrometer with a two-detector system, enabling extraction of key spectral information by integrating signals over two wavelength regions (reference and sensing emission peaks); and 2) Free-space coupling of the optical probe to a custom low-resolution spectrometer. Photon loss was evaluated by experiments and simulations, preliminary hardware of two-detector system was constructed, and optimization simulations were performed to explore conceptual feasibility of the free-space coupling custom-designed spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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20
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Suzuki M, Tanaka H, Iribe Y. Detection and Collection System of Target Single Cell Based on pH and Oxygen Sensing. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2010. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2010.p0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes single-cell-based detection and collection using pH and oxygen sensing with microarrayed chemical sensors we developed previously to monitor single-cell activity in parallel. Such sensors consist of optical sensor film for pH or oxygen and microwell arrays prepared with carbon-black-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We monitored singlecell respiration in parallel using a microarrayed oxygen sensor. An automatic single-cell collector we developed can be used with a commercial inverted microscope. The single-cell-based detection and collection we developed based on respiration or metabolic activity combines these two techniques. Model experiments for single-cell-based detection and collection based on metabolic activity used urease-immobilized microbeads (6 µm i.d.). Fluorescence intensity after substrate injection increased only in wells containing urease-immobilized microbeads. Bead in target wells could be successfully collected alone, leaving other beads in their wells, by simply pushing a controller button, requiring no training or skill.
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Vander Donckt E, Camerman B, Hendrick F, Heme R, Vandeloise R. Polystyrene Immobilized Ir(III) Complex as a new Material for Optical Oxygen Sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19941030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Extended detection range for an optical enzymatic glucose sensor coupling with a novel data-processing method. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-3161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Long R, McShane M. Three-dimensional, multiwavelength Monte Carlo simulations of dermally implantable luminescent sensors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:027011. [PMID: 20459285 PMCID: PMC2874051 DOI: 10.1117/1.3374180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dermally implanted luminescent sensors have been proposed for monitoring of tissue biochemistry, which has the potential to improve treatments for conditions such as diabetes and kidney failure. Effective in vivo monitoring via noninvasive transdermal measurement of emission from injected microparticles requires a matched optoelectronic system for excitation and collection of luminescence. We applied Monte Carlo modeling to predict the characteristics of output luminescence from microparticles in skin to facilitate hardware design. Three-dimensional, multiwavelength Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the spatial and spectral distribution of the escaping luminescence for different implantation depths, excitation light source properties, particle characteristics, and particle packing density. Results indicate that the ratio of output emission to input excitation power ranged 10(-3) to 10(-6) for sensors at the upper and lower dermal boundaries, respectively, and 95% of the escaping emission photons induced by a 10-mm-diam excitation beam were confined within an 18-mm circle. Tightly packed sensor configurations yielded higher output intensity with fewer particles, even after luminophore concentration effects were removed. Most importantly, for the visible wavelengths studied, the ability to measure spectral changes in emission due to glucose changes was not significantly affected by absorption and scattering of tissue, which supports the potential to accurately track changes in luminescence of sensor implants that respond to the biochemistry of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Texas A&M University, Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
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Li F, Song J, Li F, Wang X, Zhang Q, Han D, Ivaska A, Niu L. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on carbon nanotubes@SnO2-Au composite. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:883-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Shi L, Li B, Lu S, Zhu D, Li W. Synthesis, characterization and oxygen-sensing properties of a novel luminescent Cu(I) complex. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Odaci D, Gacal BN, Gacal B, Timur S, Yagci Y. Fluorescence Sensing of Glucose Using Glucose Oxidase Modified by PVA-Pyrene Prepared via “Click” Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2928-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900755y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Odaci
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir N. Gacal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcin Gacal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang XD, Chen HX, Zhou TY, Lin ZJ, Zeng JB, Xie ZX, Chen X, Wong KY, Chen GN, Wang XR. Optical colorimetric sensor strip for direct readout glucose measurement. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3702-5. [PMID: 19523808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel direct readout colorimetric optical glucose sensor strip was constructed based on a three-layer film, including a green-emitted CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) layer as a stable color background, a red-fluorescent platinum-porphyrin oxygen-sensing layer and a glucose oxidase layer. The sensor achieved high resolution (up to 0.2 mmol L(-1)) glucose determination with a detection range from 0 to 3.0 mmol L(-1). A "glucose ruler" which acts as a glucose standard colorimetric card was obtained. Glucose concentration could easily be directly readout using the "glucose ruler", which made the glucose determination rapid, convenient and easy. The effects of pH, salinity and temperature were systematically investigated. The prepared sensor was finally applied for glucose sample analysis, compared with the "glucose ruler", accurate results could be directly readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-dong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Shi L, Li B. A Series of CuIComplexes Containing 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical, and Oxygen-Sensing Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Long R, McShane M. Experimental validation of an optical system for interrogation of dermally-implanted microparticle sensors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:122-5. [PMID: 19964925 PMCID: PMC3718048 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5334722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dermally-implanted microparticle sensors are being developed for on-demand monitoring of blood sugar levels. For these to be deployed in vivo, a matched optoelectronic system for delivery of excitation, collection and analysis of escaping fluorescent signal is needed. Previous studies predicted the characteristics of fluorescence from microparticle sensors to facilitate design of hardware system. Based on the results of simulations, we designed and constructed the optical part of this opto-electronic system. This study experimentally verified the simulation results and tested the capability of the designed optical system. Reliable skin phantoms sufficient for future dynamic tests were developed. Skin phantoms with different thicknesses were made and the optical properties of skin phantoms were determined with an integrating sphere system and Inverse Adding-Doubling method. Measurements of sensor emission spectrum through phantoms with different thicknesses were done with the designed optical system. Simulations for the experiment situation were performed. The experimental measurements agreed well with simulations in most cases. The results of hardware experiment and validation with skin phantoms provided us with critical information for future dynamic tests and animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA ()
| | - Mike McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA (phone: 979-845-7941; fax: 979-845-4450; )
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Ruda-Eberenz TA, Nagy A, Waldman WJ, Dutta PK. Entrapment of ionic tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) in hydrophobic siliceous zeolite: O2 sensing in biological environments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9140-9147. [PMID: 18642937 DOI: 10.1021/la801204y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the ionic dye, tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy) 3 2+.2Cl (-)) within the supercages of a highly hydrophobic zeolite Y is reported. Use of the neutral precursor Ru(bpy)Cl 2(CO) 2 allowed for high loading levels of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ (1 per 7 and 25 supercages). The emission quenching of the Ru(bpy) 3 2+-zeolite crystals dispersed in polydimethoxysiloxane (PDMS) films by dissolved oxygen in water was examined. The quenching data as a function of oxygen concentration was fit to a linear Stern-Volmer plot ( R2 = 0.98). Using the Stern-Volmer plot as calibration, changes in concentration of dissolved oxygen due to reaction with glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase was monitored. Human monocyte-derived macrophages internalized the submicron-sized Ru(bpy) 3 2+-zeolite crystals, and intracellular oxygen concentrations initiated by zymosan-mediated oxidative burst could be monitored by measuring the emission from Ru(bpy) 3 2+ by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni A Ruda-Eberenz
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Long R, McShane MJ. Modeling of selective photon capture for collection of fluorescence emitted from dermally-implanted microparticle sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:2972-5. [PMID: 18002619 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based sensors have been developed in microsphere formats for many biochemical targets. For these to be deployed in vivo for on-demand monitoring, a matched optical system for delivery of excitation and measurement of emission is needed. To optimize excitation and collection efficiency, statistical ray-tracing may be used to model the distribution of diffusely reflected light resulting from varying input beam profiles. In this work, simulations were performed for models of microsphere fluorescent materials embedded in skin to predict the distribution of excitation and fluorescent photons escaping the skin surface. Simulations prove that the emission photons possess sufficient intensity and spectral information for quantitative analysis. This modeling approach will enable further design of intensity or lifetime instrumentation to maximize signal-to-noise for measurements from implanted sensor particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.
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Ozturk G, Timur S, Alp S. Optical Determination of Glucose with Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in PVC together with Fluorescent Oxazol‐5‐One Derivatives. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710801910551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Unadulterated Glucose Biosensor Based on Direct Electron Transfer of Glucose Oxidase Encapsulated Chitosan Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Long R, McShane M. Optical instrument design for interrogation of dermally-implanted luminescent microparticle sensors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2008; 2008:5656-5659. [PMID: 19164000 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensors have been developed in microparticle formats for biochemical targets such as glucose, enabling use of dermal implants for on-demand monitoring. For these to be deployed and interrogated in vivo, a matched optoelectronic system for delivery of excitation, collection and analysis of luminescence response is needed. In this work, simulations based on Monte Carlo ray-tracing were performed for models of luminescent microparticle materials embedded in skin. The spectral and spatial distribution of luminescence escaping the skin was determined for different concentrations, implantation depths, and input beam sizes. Results indicate that the implant environment does not significantly alter the measured spectral intensity ratios. The escaping emission light possesses measurable power and spectral information for quantitative analysis. Using these findings, an optical system has been designed specifically for sensor interrogation and response acquisition, and is currently implemented in hardware. Following benchtop validation and signal-to-noise maximization with tissue phantoms, the instrument will be used for measurement on sensors in rat subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843 USA
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Kimura S, Matsumoto K, Mineura K, Itoh T. A new technique for the mapping of oxygen tension on the brain surface. J Neurol Sci 2007; 258:60-8. [PMID: 17408696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most measurements of oxygen tension (PO(2)) in the brain have been performed using oxygen microelectrodes. However, the insertion of microelectrodes into the brain per se causes cortical injury and hence could lead to erroneous PO(2) measurements. The recently developed "quenching lifetime method" requires the injection of fluorescent chemicals into the blood circulation. To address this issue, we tested the feasibility of our O(2)-sensitive fluorescent membrane technique in the rat brain, and visualized the spatial distribution of PO(2) on the brain surface as epifluorescent microscopic patterns. An O(2)-quenching fluorescence dye, tris (1,10-phenanthroline) Ru(2+), was immobilized in a highly gas-permeable, thin silicone-rubber film formed on a microscope coverslip. Unlike the original method, which was intended for transparent rat mesenteric tissue, any change in the redox state in the brain tissue will influence the optical measurement of PO(2). Thus, in the present study, the O(2)-sensing membrane was further coated with a thin opaque silicone-rubber to minimize this type of influence. This new method enabled us to visualize the PO(2) gradient on the rat brain without causing cortical injuries. In an ischemia/reperfusion model using Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion rats, the changes in the PO(2) were highly heterogeneous during the ischemic period and this heterogeneity, both temporal and spatial, was higher in the off-arteriolar area than in the peri-arteriolar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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39
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Ince R, Narayanaswamy R. Analysis of the performance of interferometry, surface plasmon resonance and luminescence as biosensors and chemosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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FIBER OPTIC CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS: A VIEW BACK. NATO SCIENCE SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4611-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gao FG, Fay JM, Mathew G, Jeevarajan AS, Anderson MM. Optical sensor based on fluorescent quenching and pulsed blue LED excitation for long-term monitoring of dissolved oxygen in NASA space bioreactors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:054005. [PMID: 16292965 DOI: 10.1117/1.2062427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to monitor the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) present in the culture medium for NASA's space cell biology experiments, as well as in earth-based cell cultures. Continuous measurement of DO concentration in the cell culture medium in perfused bioreactors requires that the oxygen sensor provide adequate sensitivity and low toxicity to the cells, as well as maintain calibration over several weeks. Although there are a number of sensors for dissolved oxygen on the market and under development elsewhere, very few meet these stringent conditions. An in-house optical oxygen sensor (HOXY) based on dynamic fluorescent quenching of Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) chloride and a pulsed blue LED light source was developed in our laboratory to address these requirements. The sensing element consisted of the fluorescent dye embedded in a silicone matrix and coated onto a glass capillary. Photobleaching was minimized by a pulsed LED light source. The total noise in the sensor output is 2% and the sensor dynamic range is 0 to 200 mm Hg. The resolution of the sensor is 0.1 mm Hg at 50 mm Hg, and 0.25 mm Hg at 130 mm Hg, while the accuracy is 5%. The LED-based oxygen sensor exhibited stable performance and low drift, making it compatible for space-flight bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Gao
- Wyle Life Sciences, 1290 Hercules Drive, Suite 120, Mail Stop BT-37, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
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Wu M, Lin Z, Dürkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Time-resolved enzymatic determination of glucose using a fluorescent europium probe for hydrogen peroxide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:619-26. [PMID: 15480582 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatic assay for glucose based on the use of the fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide, europium(III) tetracycline (EuTc), is described. The weakly fluorescent EuTc and enzymatically generated H2O2 form a strongly fluorescent complex (EuTc-H2O2) whose fluorescence decay profile is significantly different. Since the decay time of EuTc-H2O2 is in the microseconds time domain, fluorescence can be detected in the time-resolved mode, thus enabling substantial reduction of background fluorescence. The scheme represents the first H2O2-based time-resolved fluorescence assay for glucose not requiring the presence of a peroxidase. The time-resolved assay (with a delay time of 60 micros and using endpoint detection) enables glucose to be determined at levels as low as 2.2 micromol L(-1), with a dynamic range of 2.2-100 micromol L(-1). The method also was adapted to a kinetic assay in order to cover higher glucose levels (mmol L(-1) range). The latter was validated by analyzing spiked serum samples and gave a good linear relationship for glucose levels from 2.5 to 55.5 mmol L(-1). Noteworthy features of the assay include easy accessibility of the probe, large Stokes' shift, a line-like fluorescence peaking at 616 nm, stability towards oxygen, a working pH of approximately 7, and its suitability for both kinetic and endpoint determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Byars JL, Smith WM, Ideker RE, Fast VG. Development of an optrode for intramural multisite optical recordings of Vm in the heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004; 14:1196-202. [PMID: 14678134 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optical mapping of transmembrane potential (Vm) is an important tool in the investigation of impulse propagation in the heart. It provides valuable information about spatiotemporal changes of Vm that cannot be obtained by other techniques, but it presently is limited to measurements from the heart surfaces. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop a technique for intramural multisite optical measurements of Vm using fiberoptic technology. METHODS AND RESULTS An optrode, a bundle of thin optical fibers, was developed for measuring intramural optical signals at multiple sites in the heart. The optrode consisted of seven fibers with diameter of 225 microm arranged in a hexagonal pattern that were used to deliver excitation light to the myocardium, to collect the emitted fluorescence, and to project the light onto a 16 x 16 array of photodiode detectors. Rabbit hearts were stained with the Vm-sensitive dye RH-237. Fluorescence was excited using a 100-W Hg lamp. Intramural action potentials were recorded at multiple sites separated by 2 mm inside the left ventricle. Signal-to-noise (RMS) ratio was 21.2 +/- 12 (n = 7) without averaging or ratiometry and with negligible cross-talk (<1.9%) between the neighboring photodiodes. The size of the recording area for an individual fiber was estimated at approximately 0.8 mm. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate feasibility of multisite transmural measurements of Vm without signal averaging and ratiometry. This technique might become useful in studies of transmural impulse conduction during arrhythmias and defibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Byars
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Gao FG, Jeevarajan AS, Anderson MM. Long-term continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen in cell culture medium for perfused bioreactors using optical oxygen sensors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:425-33. [PMID: 15112295 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For long-term growth of mammalian cells in perfused bioreactors, it is essential to monitor the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) present in the culture medium to ascertain the health of the cells. An optical oxygen sensor based on dynamic fluorescent quenching was developed for long-term continuous measurement of DO for NASA-designed rotating perfused bioreactors. Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) chloride is employed as the fluorescent dye indicator. A pulsed, blue LED was chosen as the excitation light source. The sensor can be sterilized using an autoclave. The sensors were tested in a perfused rotating bioreactor supporting a BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney) cell culture over one 28-day, one 43-day, and one 180-day cell runs. The sensors were initially calibrated in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) against a blood-gas analyzer (BGA), and then used continuously during the entire cell culture without recalibration. In the 180-day cell run, two oxygen sensors were employed; one interfaced at the outlet of the bioreactor and the other at the inlet of the bioreactor. The DO concentrations determined by both sensors were compared with those sampled and measured regularly with the BGA reference. The sensor outputs were found to correlate well with the BGA data throughout the experiment using a single calibration, where the DO of the culture medium varied between 25 and 60 mm Hg at the bioreactor outlet and 80-116 mm Hg at the bioreactor inlet. During all 180 days of culture, the precision and the bias were +/-5.1 mm Hg and -3.8 mm Hg at the bioreactor outlet, and +/- 19 mm Hg and -18 mm Hg at inlet. The sensor dynamic range is between 0 and 200 mm Hg and the response time is less than 1 minute. The resolution of the sensor is 0.1 mm Hg at 50 mm Hg, and 0.25 mm Hg at 130 mm Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Gao
- Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences, Systems and Services, 1290 Hercules Drive, Suite 120, Mail Stop BT-37, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
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Augustin CM, Wolfbeis OS. Fluorescence studies on fluid ordered membranes using lipophilic ruthenium-ligand complexes with long luminescence decay times. J Mol Liq 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(03)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices composed of a recognition element of biological origin and a physico-chemical transducer. The biological element is capable of sensing the presence, activity or concentration of a chemical analyte in solution. The sensing takes place either as a binding event or a biocatalytical event. These interactions produce a measurable change in a solution property, which the transducer converts into a quantifiable electrical signal. Present-day applications of biosensors to clinical chemistry are reviewed, including basic and applied research, commercial applications and fabrication techniques. Recognition elements include enzymes as biocatalytic recognition elements and immunoagents and DNA segments as affinity ligand recognition elements, coupled to electrochemical and optical modes of transduction. The future will include biosensors based on synthetic recognition elements to allow broad applicability to different classes of analytes and modes of transduction extending lower limits of sensitivity. Microfabrication will permit biosensors to be constructed as arrays and incorporated into lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D'Orazio
- Instrumentation Laboratory, 101 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington MA 02421, USA.
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Saarinen MA, Reece JS, Arnold MA, Murhammer DW. Monitoring and controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration within the high aspect ratio vessel (HARV). Biotechnol Prog 2003; 19:1335-41. [PMID: 12892499 DOI: 10.1021/bp0257574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A probe-type oxygen sensor was developed utilizing a radioluminescent (RL)-based light source and a ruthenium-based sensing chemistry for monitoring the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a modified version of the NASA-designed high aspect ratio vessel (HARV), a batch rotating wall vessel. This sensor provided the means to monitor the DO concentration in the HARV without influencing the flow pattern, thereby retaining the low shear HARV environment conducive to the formation of 3-dimensional cell aggregates. This sensor lost significant signal as a result of exposure to the first three autoclave cycles, but only minimal change in signal was observed following exposure to subsequent autoclave cycles. A new calibration model requiring only one fitted parameter was developed that accurately fit data over the entire range from 0% to 100% oxygen saturation. The ability for DO concentration control within the vessel was demonstrated by using this sensor to monitor the DO concentration inside the HARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Saarinen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
Reports on chemical immobilization of proteins and enzymes first appeared in the 1960s. Since then, immobilized proteins and enzymes have been widely used in the processing of variety of products and increasingly used in the field of medicine. Here, we present a review of recent developments in immobilized enzyme use in medicine. Generally speaking, the use of immobilized enzyme in medicine can be divided into two major categories: biosensors and bioreactors. A brief overview of the evolution of the biosensor and bioreactor technology, of currently existing applications of immobilized enzymes, of problems that researchers encountered, and of possible future developments will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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