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Khan MA, Hoque A, Islam MS, Ghosh S, Alam MA. Coumarin Derivative and Gold Nanoparticle Conjugate as a Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Mercury Ion in Real Sample. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03709-6. [PMID: 38647961 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A biphenyl based coumarin fluorescent molecule, N,N'-bis(7-diethylamino-2-oxo-2 H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)biphenyl-2-2'-dicarbohydrazide (molecule 1) has been synthesized and characterised. Photophysical studies of 1 exhibit solvent polarity dependent absorption and emission maxima. Citrate capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been mixed with molecule 1 for the preparation of AuNPs/1 conjugate. The association constant of the AuNPs/1 conjugate has been calculated to 4.54 × 104 M- 1. The AuNPs/1 conjugate has been found to detect Hg2+ ion selectively by fluorescence enhancement. While addition of molecule 1 into the solution of AuNPs, fluorescence intensity of 1 quenched. On addition of several monovalent, divalent and trivalent metal ion into the solution of AuNPs/1 conjugate separately, there was no change in fluorescence intensity of 1 has been observed. However, upon addition of Hg2+ ion into the solution of AuNPs/1 conjugate, the fluorescence intensity enhancement occurred, indicating released of 1 from the surface of AuNPs and probably aggregation of AuNPs took place in presence of Hg2+ ion. The AuNPs/1 conjugate has been found to have a detection limit of 2.3 × 10- 9 M for Hg2+ ion in aqueous solvent. Meanwhile, the AuNPs/1 conjugate have also been successfully applied for the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehebub Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India
| | - Anamika Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India
| | - Md Sanaul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India.
| | - Md Akhtarul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, New Town, Kolkata, 700160, India.
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Fernández-Bautista T, Gómez-Gómez B, Gracia-Lor E, Pérez-Corona T, Madrid Y. Selenium Health Benefit Values and Hg and Se speciation studies for elucidating the quality and safety of highly consumed fish species and fish-derived products. Food Chem 2024; 435:137544. [PMID: 37774614 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there has been an increase in the consumption of fish-derived products that constitute alternative ways of introducing fish into the diet, such as fish roe and products made from fish (crab sticks andsurimi-derived products). However, there is no data available considering selenium and mercury total contents along with speciation studies in these kinds of samples, which are mandatory for a proper safety and quality assessment. In this study,Selenium Health Benefit Values (HBVSe) in fish and fish-derived products were evaluated, resulting inpositivein all cases. Selenium speciation studies performed by HPLC-ICP-MS and confirmed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS revealed that SeMet and SeMeSeCys are present in fish and fish-derived products. Finally, Hg speciation studiesshow that the percentage of Hg2+ increases in fishes lower in the food chain as well as in fish-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fernández-Bautista
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain.
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - Teresa Pérez-Corona
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain
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Plachká K, Bredendiek F, Nováková L, Parr MK. Novel approach to supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of metal ions using EDTA complexation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341955. [PMID: 37977781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable methods enabling detection of metal ions, and especially heavy metals, in different matrices are necessary in various fields such as ecology, pharmaceuticals and toxicology. As some of the currently used methods suffer from spectral and chemical interferences, this study investigates the applicability of SFC-MS/MS for the determination of metal ions. RESULTS Effective novel approaches for metal ion analysis using CO2-based mobile phase were developed using three ligands forming metal complexes. As metal-EDTA complexes are prepared by simple addition of EDTA to the solution containing metal ions, this approach to metal ion analysis does not require laborious synthesis and isolation of solid metal-complexes. Besides, two other approaches using diethyldithiocarbamate and acetylacetonate as ligands were compared. Metal complexes of Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Al, Mn, and Zn with all 3 ligands were synthesized and their identity was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The suitability of the three developed UHPSFC-MS/MS methods was examined using the determination of calibration range and repeatability of injections. Moreover, the universality of the developed UHPSFC-MS/MS method for the determination of metal-EDTA complexes was proved by analyzing Ni, Bi and Pb as additional metal ions. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This study demonstrates the extended range of applicability for SFC based separations. For the first time, the possibility to analyze metal complexes with EDTA using a fast and reliable ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) method is reported. The three developed UHPSFC-MS/MS methods are able to separate DDC, acac, and EDTA complexes of various metals very efficiently (total cycle times of 5, 2, and 3 min, respectively). They offer a fast and green alternative to chromatographic methods commonly used for metal ion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Bredendiek
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Li J, Qi Y, Yang R, Chen X, Chen Z, Zhu JJ. Intellectualized Visualization of Single-Particle Raman Spectra for Sensitive Detection and Simultaneous Multianalysis of Heavy Metal Ions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14736-14745. [PMID: 37737121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Easy-to-use, reliable, and real-time methods for detecting heavy metal ion contamination are urgently required, which is a primary concern for water pollution control and human health. However, present methods for this aim are still unable to achieve simultaneous multianalysis for complex real sample detection. Herein, an intellectualized vision-based single-nanoparticle Raman imaging strategy combined with ion-responsive functional nucleic acids (FNAs) was proposed to address these issues. We reported a correspondence between the concentration of the analytes and the density of particles (DOP) of specifically captured nanoparticles to achieve sensitive detection and simultaneous multianalysis of heavy metal ions. The specific detection of Pb2+ (Hg2+) was obtained with a detection linear range from 100 pM to 100 nM (from 500 fM to 100 nM) and limit of detections low to 1 pM (100 fM), with the advantages of good specificity, excellent homogeneity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the differentiation of different heavy metal ions (Pb2+/Hg2+) was achieved, i.e., the simultaneous multianalysis, based on Raman imaging of the single particle and intelligent machine vision method. Finally, the Raman imaging assay was utilized for real sample analysis, and it provided a powerful and reliable tool for detecting trace Pb2+/Hg2+ in real water samples and facilitated the portable on-site monitoring of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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A carbon-based fluorescent probe (N-CDs) encapsulated in a zeolite matrix (NaFZ) for ultrasensitive detection of Hg (II) in fish. Talanta 2021; 234:122646. [PMID: 34364455 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel strategy was addressed to fabricate new sensing probe (N-CDs@NaFZ) from nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) confined in Al-free ferrisilicates zeolite (NaFZ) by hydrothermal/solvothermal method. The probe was systematically characterized by HR-TEM, FTIR, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometers. Characterization of the designed nanocomposite template N-CDs@NaFZ by fluorescence spectrum demonstrates a variety of important conducts as stability improvements, reasonable dispersibility in water, highly emission intensity enhancement at 435 nm when excited at 340 nm, excitation independent fluorescence behaviors, great quantum yield percentage of 91.2%, and narrow size distribution 12 nm, as a nano-space confinement effect of zeolite effectively increase the rigidity of N-CDs. Based on the fluorescence quenching mechanism, the designed approach exhibits an excellent selectivity and good sensitive response to the presence of Hg(II) ions under ambient temperature, with a wide linear range of 0.1-1500 nM and lower detection limits of 5.5 pM. Influences of variables pH and incubation time were optimized. The N-CDs@NaFZ sensor was effectively applied for the detection of Hg(II) ions in the farmed and wild rainbow trout fishes, and the results are in reasonable agreement when compared with that obtained by the cold vapor atomic absorption method.
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Ko E, Hur W, Son SE, Seong GH, Han DK. Au nanoparticle-hydrogel nanozyme-based colorimetric detection for on-site monitoring of mercury in river water. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:382. [PMID: 34657212 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive on-site mercury sensing platform was developed for simple and effective monitoring of mercury levels in the field. The simple and practical mercury detection system was designed by integrating an Au nanoparticle-PEG hydrogel block nanozyme (Au-HBNz) into a polymer film-based colorimetric device. Upon addition of Hg2+ ions, Au-HBNz exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity, catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine into a blue-colored product, which has a maximum absorbance at 652 nm. The resulting color intensity change was evaluated using a smartphone for simple and rapid Hg2+ detection with a broad detection range (0.008-20 μg∙mL-1) and a linear concentration-response relationship (R2 = 0.96). The detection limit (1.10 ng∙mL-1) was lower than the maximum permissible Hg2+ levels in drinking water set by the World Health Organization (6 ng∙mL-1) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2 ng∙mL-1). The recoveries of Hg2+ determination in river water by spiking Hg2+ samples ranged from 92 to 106%, which indicated high validity and applicability of the Hg2+ detection system for field measurements. Thus, the developed sensor enables highly selective and efficient real-time monitoring of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Ko
- Division of Materials Analysis Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hur
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Son
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Han
- Division of Materials Analysis Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang T, Salah A, Chang S, Zhang Z, Wang G. Study on the fluorescent covalent organic framework for selective “turn-off”recognition and detection of Fe3+ ions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Tall A, da Costa KR, de Oliveira MJ, Tapsoba I, Rocha U, Sales TO, Goulart MOF, Santos JCC. Photoluminescent nanoprobes based on thiols capped CdTe quantum dots for direct determination of thimerosal in vaccines. Talanta 2021; 221:121545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Krata AA, Stelmach E, Wojciechowski M, Bulska E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Insights into Primary Ion Exchange between Ion-Selective Membranes and Solution. From Altering Natural Isotope Ratios to Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Studies. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3930-3938. [PMID: 33301318 PMCID: PMC7771020 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although ion-selective electrodes have been routinely used for decades now, there are still gaps in experimental evidence regarding how these sensors operate. This especially applies to the exchange of primary ions occurring for systems already containing analyte ions from the pretreatment step. Herein, for the first time, we present an insight into this process looking at the effect of altered ratios of naturally occurring analyte isotopes and achieving isotopic equilibrium. Benefiting from the same chemical properties of all isotopes of analyte ions and spatial resolution offered by laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, obtaining insights into primary ion diffusion in the preconditioned membrane is possible. For systems that have reached isotopic equilibrium in the membrane through ion exchange and between the membrane phase and the sample, quantification of primary ions in the membrane is possible using an isotope dilution approach for a heterogeneous system (membrane-liquid sample). Experimental results obtained for silver-selective membrane show that the primary ion diffusion coefficient in the preconditioned membrane is close to (6 ± 1) × 10-9 cm2/s, being somewhat lower compared to the previously reported values for other cations. Diffusion of ions in the membrane is the rate limiting step in achieving isotopic exchange equilibrium between the ion-selective membrane phase and sample solution. On the contrary to previous reports, quantification of silver present in the membrane clearly shows that contact of the membrane with silver nitrate solution of concentration 10-3 M leads to pronounced accumulation of silver ions in the membrane, reaching almost 150% of ion exchanger amount. The magnitude of this effect increases for higher concentration of the electrolyte in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Anna Krata
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Stelmach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Narukawa T, Iwai T, Chiba K. Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic and methylmercury in edible oil by high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 210:120646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Narukawa T, Iwai T, Chiba K, Feldmann J. A Method for Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1329-1334. [PMID: 30122737 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new determination method was developed for the measurement of methylmercury (Me-Hg) and inorganic mercury (i-Hg) in biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) following alkaline extraction. Mercury species in biological samples were extracted with 10% (w/w) tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at 80°C for 2 h. Methylmercury was completely separated from i-Hg by adamantyl type and octadecylsilyl type columns within 6 and 4 min using isocratic elution, respectively. The detection limits (3σ) of adamantyl and octadecylsilyl columns using the proposed system were 0.08 and 0.13 ng g-1 (as Hg), respectively. Inorganic Hg completely separates from Me-Hg without tailing. The proposed determination methods were applied to several biological certified reference materials (CRMs). The measurement results of Me-Hg obtained by the present method were in good agreement within the expanded uncertainties (k = 2) with the certified values. The analytical precision (n = 3) of Me-Hg was less than 2%, and the recoveries of Me-Hg and i-Hg were 101 ± 1 and 103 ± 3%, respectively. In addition, this method enables the determination of Me-Hg and i-Hg for 20 samples in 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Takahiro Iwai
- Department of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Koichi Chiba
- Department of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, University of Aberdeen
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Amiri S, Ahmadi R, Salimi A, Navaee A, Hamd Qaddare S, Amini MK. Ultrasensitive and highly selective FRET aptasensor for Hg2+ measurement in fish samples using carbon dots/AuNPs as donor/acceptor platform. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy was proposed for the determination of Hg2+ in water, foods, and living organisms based on the quenching and recovery of the fluorescence of CDs-ssDNA through the FRET process induced by AuNPs-cDNA. The results showed a wide response range, pM detection limit, and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shole Amiri
- Research Center for Nanotechnology
- University of Kurdistan
- Sanandaj
- Iran
| | - Rezgar Ahmadi
- Research Center for Nanotechnology
- University of Kurdistan
- Sanandaj
- Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Research Center for Nanotechnology
- University of Kurdistan
- Sanandaj
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Aso Navaee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kurdistan
- Sanandaj 66177-15175
- Iran
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Zeptomolar detection of Hg 2+ based on label-free electrochemical aptasensor: One step closer to the dream of single atom detection. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Guida N, Laudati G, Mascolo L, Cuomo O, Anzilotti S, Sirabella R, Santopaolo M, Galgani M, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. MC1568 Inhibits Thimerosal-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Preventing HDAC4 Up-Regulation in Neuronal Cells and in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:227-240. [PMID: 27660204 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmercury thiosalicylate (thimerosal) is an organic mercury-based compound commonly used as an antimicrobial preservative that has been found to be neurotoxic. In contrast, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition has been found to be neuroprotective against several environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and methylmercury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HDAC inhibition on thimerosal-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells and cortical neurons. Interestingly, we found that thimerosal, at 0.5 μM in SH-SY5Y cells and at 1 μM in neurons, caused cell death by activation of apoptosis, which was prevented by the HDAC class IIA inhibitor MC1568 but not the class I inhibitor MS275. Furthermore, thimerosal specifically increased HDAC4 protein expression but not that of HDACs 5, 6, 7, and 9. Western blot analysis revealed that MC1568 prevented thimerosal-induced HDAC4 increase. In addition, both HDAC4 knocking-down and MC1568 inhibited thimerosal-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and cortical neurons. Importantly, intramuscular injection of 12 μg/kg thimerosal on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15 increased HDAC4 levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which decreased histone H4 acetylation in infant male rats, in parallel increased motor activity changes. In addition, coadministration of 40 mg/kg MC1568 (intraperitoneal injection) moderated the HDAC4 increase which reduced histone H4 deacetylation and caspase-3 cleavage in the PFC. Finally, open-field testing showed that thimerosal-induced motor activity changes are reduced by MC1568. These findings indicate that HDAC4 regulates thimerosal-induced cell death in neurons and that treatment with MC1568 prevents thimerosal-induced activation of caspase-3 in the rat PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy .,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
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Sommer YL, Ward CD, Pan Y, Caldwell KL, Jones RL. Long-Term Stability of Inorganic, Methyl and Ethyl Mercury in Whole Blood: Effects of Storage Temperature and Time. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:222-8. [PMID: 26912563 PMCID: PMC4885927 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature on the long-term stability of three mercury species in bovine blood. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis to determine the concentrations of inorganic (iHg), methyl (MeHg) and ethyl (EtHg) mercury species in two blood pools stored at temperatures of -70, -20, 4, 23°C (room temperature) and 37°C. Over the course of a year, we analyzed aliquots of pooled specimens at time intervals of 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. We applied a fixed-effects linear model, step-down pairwise comparison and coefficient of variation statistical analysis to examine the temperature and time effects on changes in mercury species concentrations. We observed several instances of statistically significant differences in mercury species concentrations between different temperatures and time points; however, with considerations of experimental factors (such as instrumental drift and sample preparation procedures), not all differences were scientifically important. We concluded that iHg, MeHg and EtHg species in bovine whole blood were stable at -70, -20, 4 and 23°C for 1 year, but blood samples stored at 37°C were stable for no more than 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya L Sommer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Cynthia D Ward
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Yi Pan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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16
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Zhang H, Xia Y. Ratiometry, Wavelength, and Intensity: Triple Signal Readout for Colorimetric Sensing of Mercury Ions by Plasmonic Cu2-xSe Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
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17
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Li Q, Michaelis M, Wei G, Colombi Ciacchi L. A novel aptasensor based on single-molecule force spectroscopy for highly sensitive detection of mercury ions. Analyst 2016; 140:5243-50. [PMID: 26075518 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel aptasensor based on single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) capable of detecting mercury ions (Hg(2+)) with sub-nM sensitivity. The single-strand (ss) DNA aptamer used in this work is rich in thymine (T) and readily forms T-Hg(2+)-T complexes in the presence of Hg(2+). The aptamer was conjugated to an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe, and the adhesion force between the probe and a flat graphite surface was measured by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). The presence of Hg(2+) ions above a concentration threshold corresponding to the affinity constant of the ions for the aptamer (about 5 × 10(9) M(-1)) could be easily detected by a change of the measured adhesion force. With our chosen aptamer, we could reach an Hg(2+) detection limit of 100 pM, which is well below the maximum allowable level of Hg(2+) in drinking water. In addition, this aptasensor presents a very high selectivity for Hg(2+) over other metal cations, such as K(+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+), and Cd(2+). Furthermore, the effects of the ionic strength and loading rate on the Hg(2+) detection were evaluated. Its simplicity, reproducibility, high selectivity and sensitivity make our SMFS-based aptasensor advantageous with respect to other current Hg(2+) sensing methods. It is expected that our strategy can be exploited for monitoring the pollution of water environments and the safety of potentially contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT) University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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18
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Yepsen O, Contreras D, Santander P, Yáñez J, Mansilla HD, Amarasiriwardena D. Photocatalytic degradation of thimerosal in human vaccine's residues and mercury speciation of degradation by-products. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Xu F, Shi H, He X, Wang K, He D, Yan L, Ye X, Tang J, Shangguan J, Luo L. Masking agent-free and channel-switch-mode simultaneous sensing of Fe(3+) and Hg(2+) using dual-excitation graphene quantum dots. Analyst 2015; 140:3925-8. [PMID: 25918855 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00468c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel channel-switch-mode strategy for simultaneous sensing of Fe(3+) and Hg(2+) is developed with dual-excitation single-emission graphene quantum dots (GQDs). By utilizing the dual-channel fluorescence response performance of GQDs, this strategy achieved a facile, low-cost, masking agent-free, quantitative and selective dual-ion assay even in mixed ion samples and practical water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China.
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20
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Carneiro MFH, Oliveira Souza JM, Grotto D, Batista BL, de Oliveira Souza VC, Barbosa F. A systematic study of the disposition and metabolism of mercury species in mice after exposure to low levels of thimerosal (ethylmercury). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:218-227. [PMID: 25173055 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal (TM) is an ethylmercury (etHg)-containing preservative used in some vaccines despite very limited knowledge on the kinetics and direct interaction/effects in mammals׳ tissues after exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of Hg species in mice in a time course analysis after intramuscular injection of TM, by estimating Hg half-lives in blood and tissues. Mice were exposed to one single intramuscular dose of 20 µg of Hg as TM. Blood, brain, heart, kidney and liver were collected at 0.5 hour (h), 1 h, 8 h, 16 h, 144 h, 720 h and 1980 h after TM exposure (n=4). Hg species in animal tissues were identified and quantified by speciation analysis via liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). It was found that the transport of etHg from muscle to tissues and its conversion to inorganic Hg (inoHg) occur rapidly. Moreover, the conversion extent is modulated in part by the partitioning between EtHg in plasma and in whole blood, since etHg is rapidly converted in red cells but not in a plasma compartment. Furthermore, the dealkylation mechanism in red cells appears to be mediated by the Fenton reaction (hydroxyl radical formation). Interestingly, after 0.5 h of TM exposure, the highest levels of both etHg and inoHg were found in kidneys (accounting for more than 70% of the total Hg in the animal body), whereas the brain contributed least to the Hg body burden (accounts for <1.0% of total body Hg). Thirty days after TM exposure, most Hg had been excreted while the liver presented the majority of the remaining Hg. Estimated half-lives (in days) were 8.8 for blood, 10.7 for brain, 7.8 for heart, 7.7 for liver and 45.2 for kidney. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that TM (etHg) kinetics more closely approximates Hg(2+) than methylmercury (meHg) while the kidney must be considered a potential target for etHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Maria Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denise Grotto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, CEP 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Bloco B, Avenida dos Estados 5001, CEP 0910-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Choi YW, You GR, Lee MM, Kim J, Jung KD, Kim C. Highly selective recognition of mercury ions through the “naked-eye”. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Trümpler S, Meermann B, Nowak S, Buscher W, Karst U, Sperling M. In vitro study of thimerosal reactions in human whole blood and plasma surrogate samples. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:125-130. [PMID: 24613139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of its bactericidal and fungicidal properties, thimerosal is used as a preservative in drugs and vaccines and is thus deliberately injected into the human body. In aqueous environment, it decomposes into thiosalicylic acid and the ethylmercury cation. This organomercury fragment is a potent neurotoxin and is suspected to have similar toxicity and bioavailability like the methylmercury cation. In this work, human whole blood and physiological simulation solutions were incubated with thimerosal to investigate its behaviour and binding partners in the blood stream. Inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for total mercury determination in different blood fractions, while liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight (ESI-TOF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) provided information on the individual mercury species in plasma surrogate samples. Analogous behaviour of methylmercury and ethylmercury species in human blood was shown and an ethylmercury-glutathione adduct was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Trümpler
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Björn Meermann
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany; Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department G2 - Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buscher
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, Münster 48149, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis, Mendelstr. 11, Münster 48149, Germany.
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23
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Li X, Qu F, Xie W, Wang F, Liu H, Song S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Guo C, Tang TS. Transcriptomic analyses of neurotoxic effects in mouse brain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:452-65. [PMID: 24675092 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thimerosal is a vaccine antimicrobial preservative which has long been suspected an iatrogenic factor possibly contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism. The association between infant vaccine thimerosal exposure and autism remains an open question. Although thimerosal has been removed from mandatory childhood vaccines in the United States, thimerosal-preserved vaccines are still widely used outside of the United States especially in developing countries. Notably, thimerosal-containing vaccines are being given to the newborns within the first 12-24 h after birth in some countries. To examine the possible neurotoxic effects of early neonatal exposure to a higher level of thimerosal, FVB mice were subcutaneously injected with thimerosal-mercury at a dose which is 20× higher than that used for regular Chinese infant immunization during the first 4 months of life. Thimerosal-treated mice exhibited neural development delay, social interaction deficiency, and inclination of depression. Apparent neuropathological changes were also observed in adult mice neonatally treated with thimerosal. High-throughput RNA sequencing of autistic-behaved mice brains revealed the alternation of a number of canonical pathways involving neuronal development, neuronal synaptic function, and the dysregulation of endocrine system. Intriguingly, the elevation of anterior pituitary secreting hormones occurred exclusively in male but not in female thimerosal-treated mice, demonstrating for the first time the gender bias of thimerosal-mercury toxicity with regard to endocrine system. Our results indicate that higher dose of neonatal thimerosal-mercury (20× higher than that used in human) is capable of inducing long-lasting substantial dysregulation of neurodevelopment, synaptic function, and endocrine system, which could be the causal involvements of autistic-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Li X, Gao L, Qiu J, Heng L, Tang BZ, Jiang L. Silole-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Films as Effective Fluorescence Sensor for Fe3+and Hg2+. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:507-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Kern JK, Haley BE, Geier DA, Sykes LK, King PG, Geier MR. Thimerosal exposure and the role of sulfation chemistry and thiol availability in autism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3771-800. [PMID: 23965928 PMCID: PMC3774468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10083771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder in which a significant number of the children experience a developmental regression characterized by a loss of previously acquired skills and abilities. Typically reported are losses of verbal, nonverbal, and social abilities. Several recent studies suggest that children diagnosed with an ASD have abnormal sulfation chemistry, limited thiol availability, and decreased glutathione (GSH) reserve capacity, resulting in a compromised oxidation/reduction (redox) and detoxification capacity. Research indicates that the availability of thiols, particularly GSH, can influence the effects of thimerosal (TM) and other mercury (Hg) compounds. TM is an organomercurial compound (49.55% Hg by weight) that has been, and continues to be, used as a preservative in many childhood vaccines, particularly in developing countries. Thiol-modulating mechanisms affecting the cytotoxicity of TM have been identified. Importantly, the emergence of ASD symptoms post-6 months of age temporally follows the administration of many childhood vaccines. The purpose of the present critical review is provide mechanistic insight regarding how limited thiol availability, abnormal sulfation chemistry, and decreased GSH reserve capacity in children with an ASD could make them more susceptible to the toxic effects of TM routinely administered as part of mandated childhood immunization schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K. Kern
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA; E-Mails: (D.A.G.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Boyd E. Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; E-Mail:
| | - David A. Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA; E-Mails: (D.A.G.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Lisa K. Sykes
- CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA; E-Mails: (L.K.S.); (P.G.K.)
| | - Paul G. King
- CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA; E-Mails: (L.K.S.); (P.G.K.)
| | - Mark R. Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA; E-Mails: (D.A.G.); (M.R.G.)
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26
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Inductively coupled plasma-MS in drug development: bioanalytical aspects and applications. Bioanalysis 2013; 4:1933-65. [PMID: 22943623 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of today's modern bioanalytical methods for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunogenicity purposes are based on LC-MS/MS and immunoanalytical approaches. Indeed, these methodologies are suitable for a wide range of molecules from small to large. For a smaller but not insignificant group of compounds, LC-MS/MS is not suitable - or in some cases much less suitable - as a reliable bioanalytical methodology, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS is a more appropriate methodology. ICP-MS is one of these less widely used techniques in drug development. This methodology is predominantly used for elemental bioanalysis for pharmacokinetics, for imaging purposes, for mass-balance, food-effect and biomarker studies. In addition, in the last couple of years an increasing number of applications has been published, where ICP-MS and its various hyphenations (LC-ICP-MS, CE-ICP-MS) have been used for speciation/metabolism and proteomics studies. Here, the analytical potential, the quantitative bioanalytical aspects, the various modes of operation and the challenges of the application of ICP-MS in life sciences applications are given. This includes an overview of recent applications in this area in scientific literature, the various hyphenation possibilities and their application areas and the analysis of the various sample matrices applicable to these fields. It also provides a brief outlook of where the potential of this technique lies in the future of regulated bioanalysis and drug development.
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27
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Wen L, Heng L, Song Y. Highly sensitive, selective and reusable mercury(ii) ion sensor based on a ssDNA-functionalized photonic crystal film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11943-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Isotopic analyses by ICP-MS in clinical samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:2785-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Yin Y, Liu J, Jiang G. Recent advances in speciation analysis of mercury, arsenic and selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Speciation of mercury in fish samples by flow injection catalytic cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Duszczyk-Budhathoki M, Olczak M, Lehner M, Majewska MD. Administration of thimerosal to infant rats increases overflow of glutamate and aspartate in the prefrontal cortex: protective role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:436-47. [PMID: 22015977 PMCID: PMC3264864 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal, a mercury-containing vaccine preservative, is a suspected factor in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously showed that its administration to infant rats causes behavioral, neurochemical and neuropathological abnormalities similar to those present in autism. Here we examined, using microdialysis, the effect of thimerosal on extracellular levels of neuroactive amino acids in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). Thimerosal administration (4 injections, i.m., 240 μg Hg/kg on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, 15) induced lasting changes in amino acid overflow: an increase of glutamate and aspartate accompanied by a decrease of glycine and alanine; measured 10-14 weeks after the injections. Four injections of thimerosal at a dose of 12.5 μg Hg/kg did not alter glutamate and aspartate concentrations at microdialysis time (but based on thimerosal pharmacokinetics, could have been effective soon after its injection). Application of thimerosal to the PFC in perfusion fluid evoked a rapid increase of glutamate overflow. Coadministration of the neurosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; 80 mg/kg; i.p.) prevented the thimerosal effect on glutamate and aspartate; the steroid alone had no influence on these amino acids. Coapplication of DHEAS with thimerosal in perfusion fluid also blocked the acute action of thimerosal on glutamate. In contrast, DHEAS alone reduced overflow of glycine and alanine, somewhat potentiating the thimerosal effect on these amino acids. Since excessive accumulation of extracellular glutamate is linked with excitotoxicity, our data imply that neonatal exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines might induce excitotoxic brain injuries, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. DHEAS may partially protect against mercurials-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Duszczyk-Budhathoki
- Marie Curie Chairs Program at the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Olczak
- Marie Curie Chairs Program at the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1 str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Dorota Majewska
- Marie Curie Chairs Program at the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Wóycickiego Str. 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Olczak M, Duszczyk M, Mierzejewski P, Meyza K, Majewska MD. Persistent behavioral impairments and alterations of brain dopamine system after early postnatal administration of thimerosal in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Serum/plasma methylmercury determination by isotope dilution gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 701:134-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Embryonic exposure to thimerosal, an organomercury compound, causes abnormal early development of serotonergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:61-4. [PMID: 21669256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Even though neuronal toxicity due to organomercury compounds is well known, thimerosal, an organomercury compound, is widely used in pediatric vaccine preservation. In the present study, we examined whether embryonic exposure to thimerosal affects early development of serotonergic neurons. Thimerosal (1mg Hg/kg) was intramuscularly administered to pregnant rats on gestational day 9 (susceptible time window for development of fetal serotonergic system), and fetal serotonergic neurons were assessed at embryonic day 15 using anti-serotonin antibodies. A dramatic increase in the number of serotonergic neurons localized to the lateral portion of the caudal raphe was observed in thimerosal group (1.9-fold increase, p<0.01 compared to control). These results indicate that embryonic exposure to thimerosal affects early development of serotonergic neurons.
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Dórea JG, Wimer W, Marques RC, Shade C. Automated speciation of mercury in the hair of breastfed infants exposed to ethylmercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:262-71. [PMID: 20419397 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A simplified thiourea-based chromatography method, originally developed for methyl and inorganic mercury, was adapted to separate methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg), and inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) in infants' hair. Samples were weighed and leached with an acidic thiourea solution. Leachates were concentrated on a polymeric resin prior to analysis by Hg-thiourea liquid chromatography/cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. All but one sample showed small amounts of EtHg, and four of the six analyzed samples had proportionally higher Hg(II) as a percent of total Hg. Breastfed infants from riverine Amazonian communities are exposed to mercury in breast milk (from high levels of maternal sources that include both fish consumption and dental amalgam) and to EtHg in vaccines (from thimerosal). The method proved sensitive enough to detect and quantify acute EtHg exposure after shots of thimerosal-containing vaccines. Based on work with MeHg and Hg(II), estimated detection limits for this method are 0.050, 0.10, and 0.10 ng g⁻¹ for MeHg, Hg(II), and EtHg, respectively, for a 20-mg sample. Specific limits depend on the amount of sample extracted and the amount of extract injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, C.P.04322, 70919-970, Brasília, Federal District, Brasil.
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Zhu Z, Xu L, Zhou X, Qin J, Yang C. Designing label-free DNA sequences to achieve controllable turn-off/on fluorescence response for Hg2+ detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8010-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Olczak M, Duszczyk M, Mierzejewski P, Bobrowicz T, Majewska MD. Neonatal administration of thimerosal causes persistent changes in mu opioid receptors in the rat brain. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1840-7. [PMID: 20803069 PMCID: PMC2957583 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal added to some pediatric vaccines is suspected in pathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous study showed that thimerosal administered to suckling rats causes persistent, endogenous opioid-mediated hypoalgesia. Here we examined, using immunohistochemical staining technique, the density of μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the brains of rats, which in the second postnatal week received four i.m. injections of thimerosal at doses 12, 240, 1,440 or 3,000 μg Hg/kg. The periaqueductal gray, caudate putamen and hippocampus were examined. Thimerosal administration caused dose-dependent statistically significant increase in MOR densities in the periaqueductal gray and caudate putamen, but decrease in the dentate gyrus, where it was accompanied by the presence of degenerating neurons and loss of synaptic vesicle marker (synaptophysin). These data document that exposure to thimerosal during early postnatal life produces lasting alterations in the densities of brain opioid receptors along with other neuropathological changes, which may disturb brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1 str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Duszczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Mierzejewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Bobrowicz
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Dorota Majewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Wóycickiego Str. 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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Olczak M, Duszczyk M, Mierzejewski P, Majewska MD. Neonatal administration of a vaccine preservative, thimerosal, produces lasting impairment of nociception and apparent activation of opioid system in rats. Brain Res 2009; 1301:143-51. [PMID: 19747466 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM), an organomercury preservative added to many child vaccines is a suspected factor in pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the pharmacokinetics of Hg in the brain, liver and kidneys after i.m. THIM injection in suckling rats and we tested THIM effect on nociception. THIM solutions were injected to Wistar and Lewis rats in a vaccination-like mode on PN days 7, 9, 11 and 15 in four equal doses. For Wistar rats these were: 12, 48, 240, 720, 1440, 2160, 3000 microg Hg/kg and for Lewis: 54, 216, 540 and 1080 microg Hg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that Hg from THIM injections accumulates in the rat brain in significant amounts and remains there longer than 30 days after the injection. At the 6th week of age animals were examined for pain sensitivity using the hot plate test. THIM treated rats of both strains and sexes manifested statistically significantly elevated pain threshold (latency for paw licking, jumping) on a hot plate (56 degrees C). Wistar rats were more sensitive to this effect than Lewis rats. Protracted THIM-induced hypoalgesia was reversed by naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) injected before the hot plate test, indicative of involvement of endogenous opioids. This was confirmed by augmented catalepsy after morphine (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) injection. Acute THIM injection to 6-week-old rats also produced hypoalgesia, but this effect was transient and was gone within 14 days. Present findings show that THIM administration to suckling or adult rats impairs sensitivity to pain, apparently due to activation the endogenous opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Label-free aptamer-based colorimetric detection of mercury ions in aqueous media using unmodified gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:2051-7. [PMID: 19198811 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple and sensitive aptamer-based colorimetric detection of mercury ions (Hg(2+)) using unmodified gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probe. It is based on the fact that bare gold nanoparticles interact differently with short single-strand DNA and double-stranded DNA. The anti-Hg(2+) aptamer is rich in thymine (T) and readily forms T-Hg(2+)-T configuration in the presence of Hg(2+). By measuring color change or adsorption ratio, the bare gold nanoparticles can effectively differentiate the Hg(2+)-induced conformational change of the aptamer in the presence of a given salt with high concentration. The assay shows a linear response toward Hg(2+) concentration through a five-decade range of 1 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) to 1 x 10(-9) mol L(-1). Even with the naked eye, we could identify micromolar Hg(2+) concentrations within minutes. By using the spectrometric method, the detection limit was improved to the nanomolar range (0.6 nM). The assay shows excellent selectivity for Hg(2+) over other metal cations including K(+), Ba(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Al(3+), and Fe(3+). The major advantages of this Hg(2+) assay are its water-solubility, simplicity, low cost, visual colorimetry, and high sensitivity. This method provides a potentially useful tool for the Hg(2+) detection.
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Yip YC, Lam JCW, Tong WF. Commonly used methodologies for inorganic analysis in international key comparisons. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zachariadis GA, Kapsimali DC. Effect of sample matrix on sensitivity of mercury and methylmercury quantitation in human urine, saliva, and serum using GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3884-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Yan D, Yang L, Wang Q. Alternative Thermodiffusion Interface for Simultaneous Speciation of Organic and Inorganic Lead and Mercury Species by Capillary GC-ICPMS Using Tri-n-propyl-lead Chloride as an Internal Standard. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6104-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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YABUTANI T, MOTONAKA J, INAGAKI K, TAKATSU A, YARITA T, CHIBA K. Simultaneous Determination of Trimethyl-and Triethyllead in Urban Dust by Species-specific Isotope Dilution/Gas Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:791-4. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki YABUTANI
- Institute of Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
| | - Junko MOTONAKA
- Institute of Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima
| | - Kazumi INAGAKI
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Akiko TAKATSU
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Takashi YARITA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Koichi CHIBA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Marques RC, Dórea JG, Fonseca MF, Bastos WR, Malm O. Hair mercury in breast-fed infants exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:935-41. [PMID: 17237965 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of uncertainties associated with a possible rise in neuro-developmental deficits among vaccinated children, thimerosal-preserved vaccines have not been used since 2004 in the USA (with the exception of thimerosal-containing influenza vaccines which are routinely recommended for administration to pregnant women and children), and the EU but are widely produced and used in other countries. We investigated the impact of thimerosal on the total Hg in hair of 82 breast-fed infants during the first 6 months of life. The infants received three doses of the hepatitis-B vaccine (at birth, 1 and 6 months) and three DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) doses at 2, 4 and 6 months, according to the immunization schedule recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil. The thimerosal in vaccines provided an ethylmercury (EtHg) exposure of 25 microgHg at birth, 30, 60 and 120 days, and 50 microgHg at 180 days. The exposure to vaccine-EtHg represents 80% of that expected from total breast milk-Hg in the first month but only 40% of the expected exposure integrated in the 6 months of breastfeeding. However, the Hg exposure corrected for body weight at the day of immunization was much higher from thimerosal- EtHg (5.7 to 11.3 microgHg/kg b.w.) than from breastfeeding (0.266 microgHg/kg b.w.). While mothers showed a relative decrease (-57%) in total hair-Hg during the 6 months lactation there was substantial increase in the infant's hair-Hg (446%). We speculate that dose and parenteral mode of thimerosal-EtHg exposure modulated the relative increase in hair-Hg of breast-fed infants at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane C Marques
- Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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45
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Point D, Davis WC, Garcia Alonso JI, Monperrus M, Christopher SJ, Donard OFX, Becker PR, Wise SA. Simultaneous determination of inorganic mercury, methylmercury, and total mercury concentrations in cryogenic fresh-frozen and freeze-dried biological reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:787-98. [PMID: 17710388 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two speciated isotope dilution (SID) approaches consisting of a single-spike (SS) method and a double-spike (DS) method including a reaction/transformation model for the correction of inadvertent transformations affecting mercury species were compared in terms of accuracy, method performance, and robustness for the simultaneous determination of methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (iHg), and total mercury (HgT) concentrations in five biological Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The SRMs consisted of oyster and mussel tissue materials displaying different mercury species concentration levels and different textural/matrix properties including freeze-dried (FD) materials (SRMs 1566b, 2976, and 2977) and cryogenically prepared and stored fresh-frozen (FF) materials (SRMs 1974a, 1974b). Each sample was spiked with (201)iHg (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL) and Me(202)Hg (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. IRMM-670) solutions and analyzed using alkaline microwave digestion, ethylation, and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC/ICP-MS). The results obtained by the SS-SID method suggested that FF and FD materials are not always commutable for the simultaneous determination of iHg, MeHg, and HgT, due to potential transformation reactions resulting probably from the methodology and/or from the textural/matrix properties of the materials. These transformations can occasionally significantly affect mercury species concentration results obtained by SS-SID, depending on the species investigated and the materials considered. The results obtained by the DS-SID method indicated that the two classes of materials were commutable. The simultaneous and corrected concentrations of iHg, MeHg, and HgT obtained by this technique were not found to be statistically different form the certified and reference concentration together with their expanded uncertainty budgets for the five SRMs investigated, exemplifying the robustness, the accuracy, and the improved commutability of this method compared to SS-SID measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Point
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Amlund H, Lundebye AK, Berntssen MHG. Accumulation and elimination of methylmercury in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) following dietary exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 83:323-30. [PMID: 17599546 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury is known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify up the marine food chain. Fish from high levels of the marine food chain may contain relatively high concentrations of mercury, and most (>70%) of the mercury found in muscle is methylmercury. In aquaculture, marine protein (mainly fishmeal) is the dominant source of methylmercury, and this raises some concern with regards to fish welfare and consumer safety. A dietary exposure study, including a depuration period, was carried out in order to study the accumulation and elimination of methylmercury in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), and to estimate the transfer of methylmercury from feed to fish. Fish were sampled throughout a three month exposure period and a three month depuration period. Muscle samples were fractionated into a protein and a lipid fraction by lipid extraction using methanol and chloroform. Mercury and methylmercury were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS), respectively. A continuous accumulation of methylmercury, after a lag period of 10 days, was observed in muscle tissue during the three months exposure to methylmercury (0.95+/-0.03 microg Hg/g feed, n=6). After three months, the final concentration in muscle was 0.38+/-0.04 microg Hg/g w w (n=6), where methylmercury constituted 90-95% of the mercury present. The elimination of methylmercury from muscle was slow and incomplete (within the three months of depuration) with an estimated elimination half-life (t1/2) of 377 days. The transfer of methylmercury from feed to Atlantic cod, described by the estimated absorption efficiency, was 38%. In muscle more than 99% of the mercury was found in the protein fraction. These results suggest that Atlantic cod readily takes up dietary methylmercury, which is efficiently accumulated into muscle, where it is incorporated into larger peptides or proteins. Comparable results were found for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). After three months of exposure to dietary methylmercury the final concentration in muscle was 0.33+/-0.01 microg Hg/g w w (n=3), where nearly all (>99%) mercury was found in the protein fraction. This further supports that methylmercury is accumulated in fish muscle, where it is incorporated into larger peptides or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Amlund
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Gibicar D, Logar M, Horvat N, Marn-Pernat A, Ponikvar R, Horvat M. Simultaneous determination of trace levels of ethylmercury and methylmercury in biological samples and vaccines using sodium tetra(n-propyl)borate as derivatizing agent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:329-40. [PMID: 17340078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of increasing awareness of the potential neurotoxicity of even low levels of organomercury compounds, analytical techniques are required for determination of low concentrations of ethylmercury (EtHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in biological samples. An accurate and sensitive method has been developed for simultaneous determination of methylmercury and ethylmercury in vaccines and biological samples. MeHg and EtHg were isolated by acid leaching (H2SO4-KBr-CuSO4), extraction of MeHg and EtHg bromides into an organic solvent (CH2Cl2), then back-extraction into Milli-Q water. MeHg and EtHg bromides were derivatized with sodium tetrapropylborate (NaBPr4), collected at room temperature on Tenax, separated by isothermal gas chromatography (GC), pyrolysed, and detected by cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV AFS). The repeatability of results from the method was approximately 5-10% for EtHg and 5-15% for MeHg. Detection limits achieved were 0.01 ng g-1 for EtHg and MeHg in blood, saliva, and vaccines and 5 ng g-1 for EtHg and MeHg in hair. The method presented has been shown to be suitable for determination of background levels of these contaminants in biological samples and can be used in studies related to the health effects of mercury and its species in man. This work illustrates the possibility of using hair and blood as potential biomarkers of exposure to thiomersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Gibicar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Shi J, Feng W, Wang M, Zhang F, Li B, Wang B, Zhu M, Chai Z. Investigation of mercury-containing proteins by enriched stable isotopic tracer and size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:84-91. [PMID: 17386530 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate trace mercury-containing proteins in maternal rat and their offspring, a method of enriched stable isotopic tracer (196Hg and 198Hg) combined with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) was developed. Prior to the analysis, 196Hg- and 198Hg-enriched methylmercury was administrated to the pregnant rats. Then the mercury-containing proteins in serum and brain cytosol of the dam and pup rats were separated by size-exclusion columns and the mercury was detected by ICP-MS. The ICP-MS spectrogram of the tracing samples showed significantly elevated 196Hg and 198Hg isotopic signals compared with the natural ones, indicating that the detection sensitivity could be increased by the tracer method. The contents of mercury in chromatographic fractions of the dam and pup rat brain cytosol were quantitatively estimated by post-column reverse ID-ICP-MS. The quantitative speciation differences of mercury in brain cytosol between the dam and pup rats were observed, indicating that such studies could be useful for toxicological estimation. Additionally, the isotopic ratio measurement of 198Hg/202Hg in the tracing samples could be used to identify the artifact mercury species caused in the analytical procedure. The study demonstrates that the tracer method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-IDMS could provide reliably qualitative and quantitative information on mercury-containing proteins in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Shi
- Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Health Sciences of Nanoscale Materials, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Havarinasab S, Björn E, Ekstrand J, Hultman P. Dose and Hg species determine the T-helper cell activation in murine autoimmunity. Toxicology 2007; 229:23-32. [PMID: 17084957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury (mercuric chloride--HgCl(2)) induces in mice an autoimmune syndrome (HgIA) with T cell-dependent polyclonal B cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia, dose- and H-2-dependent production of autoantibodies targeting the 34 kDa nucleolar protein fibrillarin (AFA), and systemic immune-complex deposits. The organic mercury species methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg--in the form of thimerosal) induce AFA, while the other manifestations of HgIA seen after treatment with HgCl(2) are present to varying extent. Since these organic Hg species are converted to the autoimmunogen Hg(2+) in the body, their primary autoimmunogen potential is uncertain and the subject of this study. A moderate dose of HgCl(2) (8 mg/L drinking water--internal dose 148 micro gHg/kg body weight [bw]/day) caused the fastest AFA response, while the induction was delayed after higher (25 mg/L) and lower (1.5 and 3 mg/L) doses. The lowest dose of HgCl(2) inducing AFA was 1.5 mg/L drinking water which corresponded to a renal Hg(2+) concentration of 0.53 micro g/g. Using a dose of 8 mg HgCl(2)/L this threshold concentration was reached within 24 h, and a consistent AFA response developed after 8-10 days. The time lag for the immunological part of the reaction leading to a consistent AFA response was therefore 7-9 days. A dose of thimerosal close to the threshold dose for induction of AFA (2 mg/L drinking water--internal dose 118 micro gHg/kg bw per day), caused a renal Hg(2+) concentration of 1.8 micro g/g. The autoimmunogen effect of EtHg might therefore be entirely due to Hg(2+) formed from EtHg in the body. The effect of organic and inorganic Hg species on T-helper type 1 and type 2 cells during induction of AFA was assessed as the presence and titre of AFA of the IgG1 and IgG2a isotype, respectively. EtHg induced a persistent Th1-skewed response irrespectively of the dose and time used. A low daily dose of HgCl(2) (1.5-3 mg/L) caused a Th1-skewed AFA response, while a moderate dose (8 mg/L) after 2 weeks resulted in a balanced or even Th2-skewed response. Higher daily doses of HgCl(2) (25 mg/L) caused a balanced Th2-Th1 response already from onset. In conclusion, while metabolically formed Hg(2+) might be the main AFA-inducing factor also after treatment with EtHg, the quality of the Hg-induced AFA response is modified by the species of Hg as well as the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Havarinasab
- Molecular and Immunological Pathology (AIR), Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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Liu Y, Zai Y, Chang X, Guo Y, Meng S, Feng F. Highly selective determination of methylmercury with methylmercury-imprinted polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:159-65. [PMID: 17723586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 04/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury-imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were prepared by formation monomer complex of methylmercury with (4-ethenylphenyl)-4-formate-6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine and thermally polymerizing with divinylbenzene (crosslinker) in the presence of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and subsequently leached with the acidic thiourea solution (1.0 mol L(-1) of thiourea and 4.0 mol L(-1) of HCl). In the same way, non-imprinted copolymers were prepared without methylmercury chloride added. The separation and preconcentration characteristics of the polymers for methylmercury were investigated by batch and column procedures. The results demonstrated that the methylmercury-imprinted polymers had higher adsorption capacity (170 micromol g(-1) of dry microbeads) and good selectivity for methylmercury compared to non-imprinted polymers. The distribution ratio (D) values of the methylmercury-imprinted polymers increased for methylmercury with respect to both D values of Hg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and non-imprinted polymers. The relatively selective factor (alpha(r)) values of CH3Hg+/Hg(II), CH3Hg+/Cu(II), CH3Hg+/Zn(II), and CH3Hg+/Cd(II) are 24.0, 46.7, 50.7, and 40.2, which are greater than 1. The methylmercury-imprinted polymers can be used at least twenty times with recoveries no less than 95%. Based on the packed columns with methylmercury-imprinted polymers, a highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) and preconcentration method for methylmercury was developed. The metal ion imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIIP-SPE) preconcentration procedure showed a linear calibration curve within concentration range from 0.093 to 22 microg L(-1). The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.041 and 0.093 microg L(-1) (3sigma) for cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The relative standard deviation of the 10 replicate determinations was 3.5% for the determination of methylmercury in human hair sample. Determination of methylmercury in certified human hair sample (IAEA-086) and soil certified reference material (CRM 580) demonstrated that the interfering substances in matrix had been almost removed during preconcentration. The methylmercury-imprinted polymers were good enough for methylmercury determination in matrixes containing components with similar chemical property such as Hg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
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