1
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Hesko O, Pivoňková H, Fojt L, Taylor A, Kopeček J, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Fojta M. Characterization of boron doped diamond electrodes with engineered sp 2 carbon content and their application to structure-dependent DNA hybridization. Bioelectrochemistry 2025; 164:108910. [PMID: 39904302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond electrodes brought a new potential in bioanalytical chemistry including studies of structure and interactions of nucleic acids. Herein, deposition conditionswere optimized to produce a set of polycrystalline BDD electrodes with comparable boron concentration in solid phase of (1.8 - 2.1) · 1021 cm-3 akin to metallic-type conductivity but with increasing sp2carbon content. Increase of[CH4]/[H2]from 0.25 % to 2.0 % during deposition led to an obvious decrease in grain size from ca.300 nm (BDD0.25) to < 100 nm (BDD2.0). Adsorption of oligodeoxynucleotides and their structural changes in the presence of K+ and Li+ ions were evaluated through enzyme-linked DNA hybridization assay in which oxidizable 1-naphthol was released from its phosphoesterbystreptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate upon successful hybridization of the target oligodeoxynucleotide with a biotinylated complementary probe. With increasing sp2carbon content, the hybridization assay showed improved discrimination between a target forming guanine quadruplex (stabilized by K+ ions), yielding by 40 % - 60 % lower hybridization signal with the complementary probe, compared to the same but unstructured target oligodeoxynucleotide in the presence of Li+ions that don't stabilize the quadruplex structure. Such behaviour was observed also for commercial BDD electrode with surface roughness < 10 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Hesko
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pivoňková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fojt
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Taylor
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Kopeček
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2038/6, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Asai K, Otake A, Ando K, Einaga Y. Current Amplification Driven by Reversible Redox Cycling in a Thin-Layer Reactor Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2025. [PMID: 40388706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2025]
Abstract
Current amplification plays an essential role in electrochemistry by improving the productivity of the electrochemical production of industrial materials and enhancing the sensitivity of environmental and biomedical sensing. Various approaches have been explored to enhance steady-state current, such as thin-layer reactors, microelectrodes, and rotating-disk electrodes. Thin-layer reactors have several advantages, including the ability to generate larger currents using bulk-sized electrodes and simple fabrication processes. In this study, we developed a thin-layer reactor using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with an interelectrode distance of several tens of micrometers, which is comparable to the thickness of a diffusion layer. The use of BDD electrodes enabled reversible redox cycling in the thin-layer reactor, resulting in more than 2-fold current amplification compared to conventional thin-layer reactors. This effect was observed only when BDD electrodes were used for both the working and counter electrodes, and the interelectrode distance was 200 μm and below. Based on the experimental results of the present study, we propose a novel concentration profile model and reaction mechanism for BDD thin-layer reactors that cannot be explained by conventional thin-layer reactor models. The model involves a three-step reversible redox cycle: (1) consumption of reduced species and generation of oxidized species at the working electrode, (2) regeneration of reduced species at the counter electrode, and (3) resupply of reduced species to the working electrode. The BDD thin-layer reactor also demonstrated twice the sensitivity, and a detection limit one-tenth those of the conventional bulk-reactor in electrochemical detection based on the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otake
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keita Ando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Vass A, Göltz M, Ghanem H, Rosiwal S, Franken T, Palkovits R, Mul G, Tsampas MN, Katsoukis G, Altomare M. Pulsed-Current Operation Enhances H 2O 2 Production on a Boron-Doped Diamond Mesh Anode in a Zero-Gap PEM Electrolyzer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2025; 18:e202401947. [PMID: 39817697 PMCID: PMC12051251 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
A niobium (Nb) mesh electrode was coated with boron-doped diamond (BDD) using chemical vapor deposition in a custom-built hot-filament reactor. The BDD-functionalized mesh was tested in a zero-gap electrolysis configuration and evaluated for the anodic formation of H2O2 by selective oxidation of water, including the analysis of the effects on Faradaic efficiency towards H2O2FE H 2 O 2 ${\left( {{\rm{FE}}_{{\rm{H}}_2 {\rm{O}}_2 } } \right)}$ induced by pulsed electrolysis. A low electrolyte flow rate (V ˙ anolyte ${{\dot {\rm V}}_{{\rm{anolyte}}} }$ ) was found to result in a relatively high concentration of H2O2 in single-pass electrolysis experiments. Regarding pulsed electrolysis, we show an optimal ratio of on-time to off-time to obtain the highest concentration of H2O2. Off-times that are "too short" result in decreasedFE H 2 O 2 ${{\rm{FE}}_{{\rm{H}}_2 {\rm{O}}_2 } }$ , whereas "too long" off-times dilute the product in the electrolyte stream. Using our electrolyzer setup with an anodic pulse of 2 s with 4 s intervals, and aV ˙ anolyte ${{\dot {\rm V}}_{{\rm{anolyte}}} }$ of 0.75 cm3 min-1, resulted in the best performance. This adjustment increased theFE H 2 O 2 ${{\rm{FE}}_{{\rm{H}}_2 {\rm{O}}_2 } }$ by 70 % compared to constant current electrolysis, at industrially relevant current densities (150 mA cm-2). Fine tuning of BDD morphology, flow patterns, and anolyte composition might further increase the performance of zero-gap electrolyzers in pulsed operation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vass
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NBEnschede, TheNetherlands
| | - Maximilian Göltz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergSchloßplatz 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Hanadi Ghanem
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergSchloßplatz 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Stefan Rosiwal
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergSchloßplatz 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Tanja Franken
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergSchloßplatz 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Forschungszentrum JülichInstitute for a Sustainable Hydrogen Economy (INW-2)Marie-Curie- Straße 552428JülichGermany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Guido Mul
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NBEnschede, TheNetherlands
| | - Mihalis N. Tsampas
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)5612AJEindhoven, TheNetherlands
| | - Georgios Katsoukis
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NBEnschede, TheNetherlands
| | - Marco Altomare
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NBEnschede, TheNetherlands
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4
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Shabgahi RE, Minkow A, Wild M, Kissinger D, Pasquarelli A. Novel Amperometric Sensor Based on Glassy Graphene for Flow Injection Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:2454. [PMID: 40285144 PMCID: PMC12031109 DOI: 10.3390/s25082454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Flow injection analysis (FIA) is widely used in drug screening, neurotransmitter detection, and water analysis. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical sensing performance of glassy graphene electrodes derived from pyrolyzed positive photoresist films (PPFs) via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on SiO2/Si and polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Glassy graphene films fabricated at 800, 900, and 950 °C were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to assess their structural and morphological properties. Electrochemical characterization in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) revealed that annealing temperature and substrate type influence the potential window and double-layer capacitance. The voltammetric response of glassy graphene electrodes was further evaluated using the surface-insensitive [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ redox marker, the surface-sensitive [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple, and adrenaline, demonstrating that electron transfer efficiency is governed by annealing temperature and substrate-induced microstructural changes. FIA with amperometric detection showed a linear electrochemical response to adrenaline in the 3-300 µM range, achieving a low detection limit of 1.05 µM and a high sensitivity of 1.02 µA cm-2/µM. These findings highlight the potential of glassy graphene as a cost-effective alternative for advanced electrochemical sensors, particularly in biomolecule detection and analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Eghbal Shabgahi
- Institute of Electronic Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Minkow
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Michael Wild
- Diamond Materials GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Dietmar Kissinger
- Institute of Electronic Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Alberto Pasquarelli
- Institute of Electronic Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
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5
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Mijajlović A, Stanković V, Mutić T, Djurdjić S, Vlahović F, Stanković D. Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Toxins Sensing in Environmental Samples-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:2339. [PMID: 40218850 PMCID: PMC11991570 DOI: 10.3390/s25072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond electrodes have found applications in the detection, monitoring, and mitigation of toxic chemicals resulting from various industries and human activities. The boron-doped diamond electrode is a widely applicable technology in this field, primarily due to its excellent surface characteristics: minimal to no adsorption, a wide operating potential range, robustness, and high selectivity. These extraordinary properties can be further enhanced through surface termination, which can additionally improve the analytical performance of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The high accuracy and precision of the developed methods indicate the broad practical applicability of these electrodes across various sample matrices. Some studies have shown that different strategies can lead to enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, such as modifying the electrode surface (nanostructuring), forming different composite materials based on BDD, or implementing miniaturization techniques. Thus, this review summarizes the recent literature on the electroanalytical applications of BDDE surfaces, with a particular focus on environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Mijajlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.)
| | - Vesna Stanković
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.S.); (T.M.); (F.V.)
| | - Tijana Mutić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.S.); (T.M.); (F.V.)
| | - Sladjana Djurdjić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.)
| | - Filip Vlahović
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.S.); (T.M.); (F.V.)
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.)
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6
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Alyamni N, Abot JL, Zestos AG. Carbon microelectrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry: methodology and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2025; 13:1569508. [PMID: 40260016 PMCID: PMC12010108 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Carbon microelectrodes (CMEs) have emerged as pivotal tools in the field of neurochemical sensing, enabling precise, real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters in both research and clinical contexts. The current review explores the design, fabrication, and application of CMEs, emphasizing recent advancements in material science and electrochemical techniques that enhance their sensitivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility. Innovations such as the incorporation of nanomaterials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, and the adoption of advanced fabrication methods like three-dimensional (3D) printing and chemical vapor deposition, are discussed in detail. These developments have led to significant improvements in electrode performance, the reduction of biofouling and interferants, while enabling the detection of low concentrations of neurochemicals in complex biological systems. This review further highlights the potential of CMEs to address clinical challenges such as diagnosing and monitoring neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and depression. By integrating advanced surface modifications, polymer coatings, and method development strategies, CMEs demonstrate high durability, reduced fouling, and enhanced specificity. Despite these advancements, challenges remain related to long-term in vivo stability, batch fabrication, and reproducibility, thus necessitating further research and optimization. This review highlights the transformative potential of CMEs in both research and therapeutic applications, providing a comprehensive overview of their current state and future directions. By addressing existing limitations and leveraging emerging technologies, CMEs have the potential to further enhance neurochemical sensing and contribute to breakthroughs in neuroscience and biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Alyamni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jandro L. Abot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
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7
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Smajdor J, Fendrych K, Górska-Ratusznik A. Carbon Materials in Voltammetry: An Overview of Versatile Platforms for Antidepressant Drug Detection. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:423. [PMID: 40283298 PMCID: PMC12029611 DOI: 10.3390/mi16040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
This review concentrates on the application of carbon-based materials in the development and fabrication of voltammetric sensors of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of moderate to severe depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and various phobias. Voltammetric techniques offer outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, accuracy, low detection limit, high reproducibility, instrumental simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and short time of direct determination of antidepressant drugs in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Moreover, the combination of voltammetric approaches with the unique characteristics of carbon and its derivatives has led to the development of powerful electrochemical sensing tools for detecting antidepressant drugs, which are highly desirable in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, carbon-based materials, such as glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond, and a wide spectrum of carbon nanoparticles, including graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were described in terms of the sensing performance of agomelatine, alprazolam, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, clonazepam, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, flunitrazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, nifedipine, olanzapine, opipramol, paroxetine, quetiapine, serotonin, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trazodone, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smajdor
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Fendrych
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Górska-Ratusznik
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Tawabini B, Basaleh A. Treatment of Produced Water Using a Pilot-Scale Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Unit. Molecules 2025; 30:1272. [PMID: 40142047 PMCID: PMC11946214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2025] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to optimize the treatment of produced water (PW) using a pilot-scale advanced electrochemical oxidation unit. The electro-cell is outfitted with a boron-doped diamond BDD anode and gas diffusion (GDE) cathode. Synthetic PW was prepared in the laboratory following a protocol designed to closely replicate the characteristics of real PW. The PW used in this study had a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 16,000 mg/L and a total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of 250 mg/L. The effect of various electrooxidation parameters on the reduction in TOC was investigated including pH (2-12), electric current (I) (50-200 mA/cm2), and airflow rate (0-4 NL/min). Response surface method RSM with a Box-Behnken design at a confidence level of 95 percent was employed to analyze the impact of the above factors, with TOC removal used as a response variable. The results revealed that the TOC level decreased by 84% from 250 to 40 mg/L in 4 h, current density of 200 mA/cm2, pH of 12, and airflow rate 2 (NL/min). The investigation verified the influential role of diverse operational factors in the treatment process. RSM showed that reducing the airflow rate and increasing pH levels and electric current significantly enhanced the TOC removal. The obtained results demonstrated profound TOC removal, confirming the substantial potential of treating PW using the electrochemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Tawabini
- Department of Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31262, Saudi Arabia;
- IRC Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31262, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Basaleh
- Department of Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31262, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Chýlková J, Bartáček J, Měchová N, Sedlák M, Váňa J. Voltammetric Determination of the Total Content of the Most Commonly Occurring Estrogens in Water Media. Molecules 2025; 30:751. [PMID: 39942854 PMCID: PMC11821142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Estrogens in aquatic environments pose significant ecological and health risks due to their cumulative effects rather than individual impacts. This study investigates the voltammetric behavior of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), presenting a cost-effective and straightforward method for their simultaneous determination. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with a boron-doped diamond electrode, the method demonstrates high precision (deviations under 4%) and a linear dynamic range of 15.35-134.55 µmol·L-1. Integration of a vacuum evaporation step reduced detection limits to 10-8 mol·L-1, enabling effective analysis of real water samples. This optimized approach ensures practical applicability for monitoring total estrogen content in aquatic systems, providing an accessible and reliable alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromíra Chýlková
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.C.)
| | - Jan Bartáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Natálie Měchová
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.C.)
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.V.)
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10
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Patenaude HK, Damjanovic N, Rakos J, Weber DC, Jacobs AI, Bryan SA, Lines AM, Heineman WR, Branch SD, Rusinek CA. A Free-Standing Boron-Doped Diamond Grid Electrode for Fundamental Spectroelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:18605-18614. [PMID: 39533798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) is a powerful technique that enables a variety of redox properties to be studied, including formal potential (Eo), thermodynamic values (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS), diffusion coefficient (D), electron transfer stoichiometry (n), and others. SEC requires an electrode which light can pass through while maintaining sufficient electrical conductivity. This has been traditionally composed of metal or metal oxide films atop transparent substrates like glass, quartz, or metallic mesh. Robust electrode materials like boron-doped diamond (BDD) could help expand the environments in which SEC can be performed, but most designs are limited to thin films (∼100-200 nm) on transparent substrates less resilient than free-standing BDD. This work presents a free-standing BDD grid electrode (G-BDD) for fundamental SEC measurements, using the well-characterized Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple as proof-of-concept. With a combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV), thin-layer SEC, and chronoabsorptometry, several of the redox properties mentioned above were calculated and compared. For Eo', n, and D, similar results were obtained when comparing the CV [Eo' = +0.279 (±0.002) V vs Ag/AgCl; n = 0.97; D = 4.1 × 10-6 cm2·s-1] and SEC [Eo' = +0.278 (±0.001) V vs Ag/AgCl; n = 0.91; D = 5.2 × 10-6 cm2·s-1] techniques. Both values align with what has been previously reported. To calculate D from the SEC data, modification of the classical equation used in chronoabsorptometry was required to accommodate the G-BDD electrode geometry. Overall, this work expands on the applicability of SEC techniques and BDD as a versatile electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Patenaude
- Radiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Inorganic, Isotope, and Actinide Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nastasija Damjanovic
- Radiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Jason Rakos
- Radiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Nuclear and Chemical Engineering, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Dustyn C Weber
- Radiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Aaron I Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Samuel A Bryan
- Nuclear and Chemical Engineering, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda M Lines
- Nuclear and Chemical Engineering, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Shirmir D Branch
- Nuclear and Chemical Engineering, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Cory A Rusinek
- Radiochemistry Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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11
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Prenzel T, Schwarz N, Hammes J, Krähe F, Pschierer S, Winter J, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Highly Selective Electrosynthesis of 1 H-1-Hydroxyquinol-4-ones-Synthetic Access to Versatile Natural Antibiotics. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:3922-3928. [PMID: 39444427 PMCID: PMC11494660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
1H-1-Hydroxyquinolin-4-ones represent a broad class of biologically active heterocycles having an exocyclic N,O motif. Electrosynthesis offers direct, highly selective, and sustainable access to 1-hydroxyquinol-4-ones by nitro reduction. A versatile synthetic route starting from easily accessible 2-nitrobenzoic acids was established. The broad applicability of this protocol was demonstrated on 26 examples with up to 93% yield, highlighted by the naturally occurring antibiotics Aurachin C and HQNO. The practicability and technical relevance were underlined by multigram scale electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Prenzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Schwarz
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Hammes
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Krähe
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Pschierer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute
of Biological and Chemical Systems−Functional Molecular Systems
(IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Kaiserstraße
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Quilumbaquin W, Castillo-Cabrera GX, Borrero-González LJ, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Protocol for the preparation of TiO 2-modified boron-doped diamond photoelectrode via electrophoretic deposition and its photoelectrochemical study. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103259. [PMID: 39128006 PMCID: PMC11369411 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition is a straightforward method for synthesizing high-quality photoanodes. We present a protocol for synthesizing a TiO2-modified boron-doped diamond photoanode (BDD/TiO2) via electrophoretic deposition, detailing the chemical and electrochemical treatments applied to the bare BDD electrode prior to use. We provide a step-by-step guide for performing photoelectrochemical characterization under both dark and light conditions and describe an optical technique for investigating band-gap energy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Quilumbaquin et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Quilumbaquin
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | | | - Luis J Borrero-González
- Laboratorio de Óptica Aplicada, Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemática, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
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13
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Gorylewski D, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Wójciak M, Sowa I. Fast, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Measurements of Acyclovir in Real Samples via Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4480. [PMID: 39336222 PMCID: PMC11433364 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The voltammetric acyclovir (ACV) trace-level determination procedure has been introduced. This is the first time that a commercially available boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) coupled with differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been used for this purpose. The commercially available BDDE is characterized by a short response time, low background current, and very good analytical parameters of ACV determination. Ultimately, DPV measurements using the BDDE in 0.075 mol L-1 PBS with a pH of 7.2 under optimized conditions achieved the lowest detection limit (LOD = 0.0299 nmol L-1) reported in the literature for voltammetric procedures. Moreover, it is highly resistant to the presence of various interfering agents and has been used to analyze pharmaceutical and municipal wastewater samples. The obtained results are consistent with measurements made using chromatographic reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gorylewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
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14
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Gupta B, Kepros B, Landgraf JB, Becker MF, Li W, Purcell EK, Siegenthaler JR. All-Diamond Boron-Doped Microelectrodes for Neurochemical Sensing with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.07.606919. [PMID: 39211237 PMCID: PMC11360963 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.606919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurochemical sensing with implantable devices has gained remarkable attention over the last few decades. A promising area of this research is the progress of novel electrodes as electrochemical tools for neurotransmitter detection in the brain. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is one such candidate that previously has been reported for its excellent electrochemical properties, including a wide working potential, superior chemical inertness and mechanical stability, good biocompatibility and resistance to fouling. Meanwhile, limited research has been conducted on the BDD as a microelectrode for neurochemical detection. Our team has developed a freestanding, all diamond microelectrode consisting of a boron-doped polycrystalline diamond core, encapsulated in an insulating polycrystalline diamond shell, with a cleaved planar tip for electrochemical sensing. This all-diamond electrode is advantageous due to its - (1) batch fabrication using wafer technology that eliminates traditional hand fabrication errors and inconsistencies, (2) absence of metal-based wires, or foundations, to improve biocompatibility and flexibility, and (3) sp 3 carbon surface with resistance to biofouling, i.e. adsorption of proteins or unwanted molecules at the electrode surface in a biological environment that impedes overall electrode performance. Here, we provide findings on further in vitro testing and development of the freestanding boron-doped diamond microelectrode (BDDME) for neurotransmitter detection using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). In this report, we elaborate on - 1) an updated fabrication scheme and work flow to generate all diamond BDDMEs, 2) slow scan cyclic voltammetry measurements of reference and target analytes to understand basic electrochemical behavior of the electrode, and 3) FSCV characterization of common neurotransmitters, and overall favorability of serotonin (5-HT) detection. The BDDME showed a 2-fold increased FSCV response for 5-HT in comparison to dopamine (DA), with a limit of detection of 0.16 µM for 5-HT and 0.26 µM for DA. These results are intended to expand on the development of the next generation BDDME and guide future in vivo experiments, adding to the growing body of literature on implantable devices for neurochemical sensing.
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15
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Abrahams D, Baker PGL. 3-Methyl Thiophene-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes as Efficient Catalysts for Phenol Detection-A Case Study for the Detection of Gallic Acid in Three Specific Tea Types. Foods 2024; 13:2447. [PMID: 39123638 PMCID: PMC11311794 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer modification has been established as a cost-effective, simple, in situ method for overcoming some of the inherent disadvantages of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, and its application has been extended to reliable, low-cost environmental monitoring solutions. The present review focuses on modifying BDD electrodes with semi-conductive polymers acting as redox mediators. This article reports on the development of a 3-methyl thiophene-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD/P3MT) sensor for the electrochemical determination of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in tea samples, using gallic acid (GA) as a marker. GA is a significant polyphenol with various biological activities, making its quantification crucial. Thus, a simple, fast, and sensitive GA sensor was fabricated using the electroanalytical square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The sensor utilizes a semi-conductive polymer, 3-methyl thiophene, as a redox mediator to enhance BDD's sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical synthesis was used for polymer deposition, allowing for greater purity and avoiding solubility problems. The BDD/P3MT sensor exhibits good electrochemical properties, including rapid charge transfer and a large electrochemical area, enabling GA detection with a limit of detection of 11 mg/L. The sensor's response was correlated with TPCs measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) showed a good linear relationship between peak currents and GA concentrations in a wide linear range of 3-71 mg/L under optimal conditions. The BDD/P3MT sensor accurately measured TPCs in green tea, rooibos tea, and black tea samples, with green tea exhibiting the highest TPC levels. The results demonstrate the potential of the modified BDD electrode for the rapid and accurate detection of phenolic compounds in tea, with implications for quality control and antioxidant activity assessments. The prolific publications of the past decade have established BDD electrodes as robust BDD sensors for quantifying polyphenols. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, plant-derived beverages such as tea and wine, traditional Eastern remedies and various herbal nutritional supplements contain phenolic chemicals. The safety concerns of contaminated food intake are significant health concerns worldwide, as there exists a critical nexus between food safety, nutrition, and food security. It has been well established that green tea polyphenol consumption promotes positive health effects. Despite their potential benefits, consuming high amounts of these polyphenols has sparked debate due to concerns over potential negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhielnawaaz Abrahams
- SensorLab Research Group, Chemistry Department, University of The Western Cape, P.O. Box X17, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
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16
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Lytvynenko A, Baluchová S, Zima J, Krůšek J, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Biofouling and performance of boron-doped diamond electrodes for detection of dopamine and serotonin in neuron cultivation media. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108713. [PMID: 38688079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond has been considered as a fouling-resistive electrode material for in vitro and in vivo detection of neurotransmitters. In this study, its performance in electrochemical detection of dopamine and serotonin in neuron cultivation media Neurobasal™ before and after cultivation of rat neurons was investigated. For differential pulse voltammetry the limits of detection in neat Neurobasal™ medium of 2 µM and 0.2 µM for dopamine and serotonin, respectively, were achieved on the polished surface, which is comparable with physiological values. On oxidized surface twofold higher values, but increased repeatabilities of the signals were obtained. However, in Neurobasal™ media with peptides-containing supplements necessary for cell cultivation, the voltammograms were notably worse shaped due to biofouling, especially in the medium isolated after neuron growth. In these complex media, the amperometric detection mode at +0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) allowed to detect portion-wise additions of dopamine and serotonin (as low as 1-2 µM), mimicking neurotransmitter release from vesicles despite the lower sensitivity in comparison with neat NeurobasalTM. The results indicate substantial differences in detection on boron doped diamond electrode in the presence and absence of proteins, and the necessity of studies in real media for successful implementation to neuron-electrode interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lytvynenko
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zima
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krůšek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Ryzhkov N, Colson N, Ahmed E, Pobedinskas P, Haenen K, Braun A, Janssen PJ. Electric Polarization-Dependent Absorption and Photocurrent Generation in Limnospira indica Immobilized on Boron-Doped Diamond. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32949-32961. [PMID: 39100327 PMCID: PMC11292817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
We present the change of light absorption of cyanobacteria in response to externally applied electrical polarization. Specifically, we studied the relation between electrical polarization and changes in light absorbance for a biophotoelectrode assembly comprising boron-doped diamond as semiconducting electrode and live Limnospira indicaPCC 8005 trichomes embedded in either polysaccharide (agar) or conductive conjugated polymer (PEDOT-PSS) matrices. Our study involves the monitoring of cyanobacterial absorbance and the measurement of photocurrents at varying wavelengths of illumination for switched electric fields, i.e., using the bioelectrode either as an anode or as cathode. We observed changes in the absorbance characteristics, indicating a direct causal relationship between electrical polarization and absorbing properties of L. indica. Our finding opens up a potential avenue for optimization of the performance of biophotovoltaic devices through controlled polarization. Furthermore, our results provide fundamental insights into the wavelength-dependent behavior of a bio photovoltaic system using live cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ryzhkov
- Empa.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Nora Colson
- Empa.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
- IMOMEC,
IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark
1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
| | - Essraa Ahmed
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
- IMOMEC,
IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark
1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
| | - Paulius Pobedinskas
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
- IMOMEC,
IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark
1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
| | - Ken Haenen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
- IMOMEC,
IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark
1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
| | - Artur Braun
- Empa.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Janssen
- Institute
for Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian
Nuclear Research Centre, Mol B-2400, Belgium
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18
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Mijajlović A, Stanković V, Vlahović F, Đurđić S, Manojlović D, Stanković D. The cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode as an environmentally friendly electrochemical tool for the detection and monitoring of mesotrione in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 447:138993. [PMID: 38493684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Excessive pesticide use can harm human health, making it essential to develop new techniques to monitor hazardous pesticides in food. Our study focuses on detecting mesotrione (MST) using an unmodified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. This was the first application of cathodically pretreated BDD electrode for the detection of MST, based on its oxidation at a high potential value of +1.4 V. We theoretically examined the oxidation mechanism of MST trough the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) methodology. The utilized DPV method achieved a detection limit of 0.45 μM and showed satisfactory selectivity. The practical application of this method was demonstrated by examining corn-based food products. To ensure practical application of the method, MST was deliberately added to the samples to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed by using HPLC method. This environmentally-friendly approach can establish a solid foundation for future use in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Mijajlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stanković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Filip Vlahović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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19
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Reis R, Dhawle R, Girard R, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, de Witte P, Cabooter D, Du Pasquier D. Electrochemical degradation of diclofenac generates unexpected thyroidogenic transformation products: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134458. [PMID: 38703679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is an environmentally persistent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with thyroid disrupting properties. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) can efficiently remove NSAIDs from wastewater. However, eAOPs can generate transformation products (TPs) with unknown chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, DCF was electrochemically degraded using a boron-doped diamond anode. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the TPs of DCF and elucidate its potential degradation pathways. The biological impact of DCF and its TPs was evaluated using the Xenopus Eleutheroembryo Thyroid Assay, employing a transgenic amphibian model to assess thyroid axis activity. As DCF degradation progressed, in vivo thyroid activity transitioned from anti-thyroid in non-treated samples to pro-thyroid in intermediately treated samples, implying the emergence of thyroid-active TPs with distinct modes of action compared to DCF. Molecular docking analysis revealed that certain TPs bind to the thyroid receptor, potentially triggering thyroid hormone-like responses. Moreover, acute toxicity occurred in intermediately degraded samples, indicating the generation of TPs exhibiting higher toxicity than DCF. Both acute toxicity and thyroid effects were mitigated with a prolonged degradation time. This study highlights the importance of integrating in vivo bioassays in the environmental risk assessment of novel degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dhawle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Romain Girard
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani GR-50132, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
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20
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Zeng J, Liu X, Chen Q, Hu D. A chemical coating strategy for assembling a boron-doped diamond anode towards electrocatalytic degradation of late landfill leachate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18355-18366. [PMID: 38854836 PMCID: PMC11160392 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The high efficiency electrocatalytic degradation of late landfill leachate is still not an easy task due to the complexity and variability of organic pollutants. A chemical coating strategy for assembling a boron-doped diamond anode (BDD) towards electrocatalytic degradation of late landfill leachate was adopted and studied. The results shows the high removal rates of organic carbon (TOC) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after electrochemical oxidation for 5 h can reach 99% and 100%. Further, the organic migration and transformation depends on current density, A/V value, initial pH, electrochemical degradation time, and composition of the stock solution. Specifically, alkaline conditions can increase both TOC and NH3-N removal rates, which is reflected in the NH3-N removal rate of 100% when the pH is 8.5 after only 5 h. The types of organic matter decreased from 63 species to 24 species in 5 h, in which the removal of fulvic acids is superior to that of soluble biometabolites. Amides/olefins and phenolic alcohols are all degraded and converted into other substances or decomposed into CO2 and H2O by BDD, accompanied by the continuous decomposition of alcohol-phenols into alkanes. In all, this study provides a core reference on electrocatalytic degradation of late landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangxi Environmental Protection Industry Development Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology Nanning 530007 China
| | - Qizhi Chen
- Guangxi Huiyuan Manganese Industry Co., Ltd Laibin 546100 China
| | - Dongying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
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21
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Handschuh-Wang S, Wang T, Zhang Z, Liu F, Han P, Liu X. Long-Term Corrosion of Eutectic Gallium, Indium, and Tin (EGaInSn) Interfacing with Diamond. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2683. [PMID: 38893946 PMCID: PMC11174033 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Thermal transport is of grave importance in many high-value applications. Heat dissipation can be improved by utilizing liquid metals as thermal interface materials. Yet, liquid metals exhibit corrosivity towards many metals used for heat sinks, such as aluminum, and other electrical devices (i.e., copper). The compatibility of the liquid metal with the heat sink or device material as well as its long-term stability are important performance variables for thermal management systems. Herein, the compatibility of the liquid metal Galinstan, a eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, with diamond coatings and the stability of the liquid metal in this environment are scrutinized. The liquid metal did not penetrate the diamond coating nor corrode it. However, the liquid metal solidified with the progression of time, starting from the second year. After 4 years of aging, the liquid metal on all samples solidified, which cannot be explained by the dissolution of aluminum from the titanium alloy. In contrast, the solidification arose from oxidation by oxygen, followed by hydrolysis to GaOOH due to the humidity in the air. The hydrolysis led to dealloying, where In and Sn remained an alloy while Ga separated as GaOOH. This hydrolysis has implications for many devices based on gallium alloys and should be considered during the design phase of liquid metal-enabled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Advanced Materials Group Co., Ltd., Fusionopolis Link #06-07, Nexus One-North, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongyan Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Fucheng Liu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Peigang Han
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.Z.); (F.L.); (X.L.)
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22
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Schneider J, Häring AP, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Dehydration of Dicarboxylic Acids to Their Cyclic Anhydrides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400403. [PMID: 38527230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An intramolecular electrochemical dehydration reaction of dicarboxylic acids to their cyclic anhydrides is presented. This electrolysis allows dicarboxylic acids as naturally abundant, inexpensive, safe, and readily available starting materials to be transformed into carboxylic anhydrides under mild reaction conditions. No conventional dehydration reagent is required. The obtained cyclic anhydrides are highly valuable reagents in organic synthesis, and in this report, we use them in-situ for acylation reactions of amines to synthesize amides. This work is part of the recent progress in electrochemical dehydration, which - in contrast to electrochemical dehydrogenative reactions for example - is an underexplored field of research. The reaction mechanism was investigated by 18O isotope labeling, revealing the formation of sulfate by electrochemical oxidation and hydrolysis of the thiocyanate-supporting electrolyte. This transformation is not a classical Kolbe electrolysis, because it is non-decarboxylative, and all carbon atoms of the carboxylic acid starting material are contained in the carboxylic anhydride. In total, 20 examples are shown with NMR yields up to 71 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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23
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Honda T, Takemura K, Matsumae S, Morita N, Iwasaki W, Arita R, Ueda S, Liang YW, Fukuda O, Kikunaga K, Ohmagari S. Quantification of caffeine in coffee cans using electrochemical measurements, machine learning, and boron-doped diamond electrodes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298331. [PMID: 38530838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements, which exhibit high accuracy and sensitivity under low contamination, controlled electrolyte concentration, and pH conditions, have been used in determining various compounds. The electrochemical quantification capability decreases with an increase in the complexity of the measurement object. Therefore, solvent pretreatment and electrolyte addition are crucial in performing electrochemical measurements of specific compounds directly from beverages owing to the poor measurement quality caused by unspecified noise signals from foreign substances and unstable electrolyte concentrations. To prevent such signal disturbances from affecting quantitative analysis, spectral data of voltage-current values from electrochemical measurements must be used for principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, this method enables highly accurate quantification even though numerical data alone are challenging to analyze. This study utilized boron-doped diamond (BDD) single-chip electrochemical detection to quantify caffeine content in commercial beverages without dilution. By applying PCA, we integrated electrochemical signals with known caffeine contents and subsequently utilized principal component regression to predict the caffeine content in unknown beverages. Consequently, we addressed existing research problems, such as the high quantification cost and the long measurement time required to obtain results after quantification. The average prediction accuracy was 93.8% compared to the actual content values. Electrochemical measurements are helpful in medical care and indirectly support our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Honda
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenshin Takemura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
| | - Susumu Matsumae
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Morita
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryoji Arita
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Suguru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yeoh Wen Liang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikunaga
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohmagari
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan
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24
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Otake A, Nishida T, Ohmagari S, Einaga Y. Sluggish Electron Transfer of Oxygen-Terminated Moderately Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Induced by Large Interfacial Capacitance between a Diamond and Silicon Interface. JACS AU 2024; 4:1184-1193. [PMID: 38559713 PMCID: PMC10976611 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has tremendous potential for use as an electrode material with outstanding characteristics. The substrate material of BDD can affect the electrochemical properties of BDD electrodes due to the different junction structures of BDD and the substrate materials. However, the BDD/substrate interfacial properties have not been clarified. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of BDD electrodes with different boron-doping levels (0.1% and 1.0% B/C ratios) synthesized on Si, W, Nb, and Mo substrates was investigated. Potential band diagrams of the BDD/substrate interface were proposed to explain different junction structures and electrochemical behaviors. Oxygen-terminated BDD with moderate boron-doping levels exhibited sluggish electron transfer induced by the large capacitance generated at the BDD/Si interface. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of diamond electrochemistry and insight into the selection of suitable substrate materials for practical applications of BDD electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Otake
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taiki Nishida
- Sensing Material Research Team, Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 807-1 Shukumachi, Tosu, Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohmagari
- Sensing Material Research Team, Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 807-1 Shukumachi, Tosu, Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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25
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Li Q, Fang X, Jin L, Sun X, Huang H, Ma R, Zhao H, Ren H. Scientometric analysis of electrocatalysis in wastewater treatment: today and tomorrow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19025-19046. [PMID: 38374500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic methods are valuable tools for addressing water pollution and scarcity, offering effective pollutant removal and resource recovery. To investigate the current status and future trends of electrocatalysis in wastewater treatment, a detailed analysis of 9417 papers and 4061 patents was conducted using scientometric methods. China emerged as the leading contributor to publications, and collaborations between China and the USA have emerged as the most frequent partnerships. Primary article co-citation clusters focused on oxygen evolution reaction and electrochemical oxidation, transitioning towards advanced oxidation processes ("persulfate activation"), and electrocatalytic reduction processes ("nitrate reduction"). Bifunctional catalysts, theoretical calculations, electrocatalytic combination technologies, and emerging contaminants were identified as current research hotspots. Patent analysis revealed seven types of electrochemical technologies, which were compared using SWOT analysis, highlighting electrochemical oxidation as prominent. The technological evolution presented the pathway of electro-Fenton to combined electrocatalytic technologies with biochemical processes, and finally to coupling with electrocoagulation. Standardized evaluation systems, waste resource utilization, and energy conservation were important directions of innovation in electrocatalytic technologies. Overall, this study provided a reference for researchers to understand the framework of electrocatalysis in wastewater treatment and also shed light on potential avenues for further innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No. 163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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26
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Castillo-Cabrera GX, Pliego-Cerdán CI, Méndez E, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Step-by-step guide for electrochemical generation of highly oxidizing reactive species on BDD for beginners. Front Chem 2024; 11:1298630. [PMID: 38239927 PMCID: PMC10794620 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1298630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Selecting the ideal anodic potential conditions and corresponding limiting current density to generate reactive oxygen species, especially the hydroxyl radical (•OH), becomes a major challenge when venturing into advanced electrochemical oxidation processes. In this work, a step-by-step guide for the electrochemical generation of •OH on boron-doped diamond (BDD) for beginners is shown, in which the following steps are discussed: i) BDD activation (assuming it is new), ii) the electrochemical response of BDD (in electrolyte and ferri/ferro-cyanide), iii) Tafel plots using sampled current voltammetry to evaluate the overpotential region where •OH is mainly generated, iv) a study of radical entrapment in the overpotential region where •OH generation is predominant according to the Tafel plots, and v) finally, the previously found ideal conditions are applied in the electrochemical degradation of amoxicillin, and the instantaneous current efficiency and relative cost of the process are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erika Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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27
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Otake A, Asai K, Einaga Y. Anode Reaction Control for a Single-Compartment Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reactor with a Surface-Activated Diamond Cathode. Chemistry 2023:e202302798. [PMID: 38093560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in aqueous electrolyte solutions is attracting increasing attention for sustainable chemical production. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been previously shown to be very effective for the stable electrochemical production of formic acid from CO2 . Typically, the electrochemical production of formic acid by CO2 reduction (CO2 R) reaction is performed with a dual-compartment flow reactor equipped with a membrane separator. The problems caused by the membrane separator, such as scaling-up, complicated operational control and materials costs can be solved using a membrane free single-compartment reactor. Here we demonstrate anode reaction control for a single-compartment CO2 R flow reactor using a surface-activated BDD cathode and achieve a Faradaic efficiency for formic acid production of over 70 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Otake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kana Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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28
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Ficek M, Cieślik M, Janik M, Brodowski M, Sawczak M, Bogdanowicz R, Ryl J. Boron-doped diamond nanosheet volume-enriched screen-printed carbon electrodes: a platform for electroanalytical and impedimetric biosensor applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:410. [PMID: 37736868 PMCID: PMC10516795 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the development of a novel electrode based on boron-doped diamond nanosheet full-volume-enriched screen-printed carbon electrodes (BDDPE) for use as an impedimetric biosensor. Impedimetric biosensors offer high sensitivity and selectivity for virus detection, but their use as point-of-care devices is limited by the complexity of nanomaterials' architecture and the receptor immobilisation procedures. The study presents a two-step modification process involving the electroreduction of diazonium salt at the BDDPE and the immobilisation of antibodies using zero-length cross-linkers for a selective impedimetric biosensor of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi). The incorporation of diamond nanosheets into BDDPE leads to enhanced charge transfer and electrochemical behaviour, demonstrating greatly improved electrochemically active surface area compared with unmodified screen-printed electrodes (by 44% and 10% on average for [Ru(NH3)6]Cl2 and K3[Fe(CN)6], respectively). The presented sensing system shows high specificity towards protein D in Hi bacteria, as confirmed by negative controls against potential interference from other pathogens, with an estimated tolerance limit for interference under 12%. The Hi limit of detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was 1 CFU/mL (measured at - 0.13 V vs BDDPE pseudo-reference), which was achieved in under 10 min, including 5 min sample incubation in the presence of the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Ficek
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieślik
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Janik
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Brodowski
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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29
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Kazi OA, Chen W, Eatman JG, Gao F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xia Z, Darling SB. Material Design Strategies for Recovery of Critical Resources from Water. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300913. [PMID: 37000538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Population growth, urbanization, and decarbonization efforts are collectively straining the supply of limited resources that are necessary to produce batteries, electronics, chemicals, fertilizers, and other important products. Securing the supply chains of these critical resources via the development of separation technologies for their recovery represents a major global challenge to ensure stability and security. Surface water, groundwater, and wastewater are emerging as potential new sources to bolster these supply chains. Recently, a variety of material-based technologies have been developed and employed for separations and resource recovery in water. Judicious selection and design of these materials to tune their properties for targeting specific solutes is central to realizing the potential of water as a source for critical resources. Here, the materials that are developed for membranes, sorbents, catalysts, electrodes, and interfacial solar steam generators that demonstrate promise for applications in critical resource recovery are reviewed. In addition, a critical perspective is offered on the grand challenges and key research directions that need to be addressed to improve their practical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Kazi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jamila G Eatman
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yining Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zijing Xia
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Seth B Darling
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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30
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López-Balladares O, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Fernández L. Electrochemical Evaluation of Cd, Cu, and Fe in Different Brands of Craft Beers from Quito, Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112264. [PMID: 37297508 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in craft beers can endanger human health if the total metal content exceeds the exposure limits recommended by sanitary standards; in addition, they can cause damage to the quality of the beer. In this work, the concentration of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) was determined in 13 brands of craft beer with the highest consumption in Quito, Ecuador, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), using as boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode. The BDD electrode used has favorable morphological and electrochemical properties for the detection of metals such as Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III). A granular morphology with microcrystals with an average size between 300 and 2000 nm could be verified for the BDD electrode using a scanning electron microscope. Double layer capacitance of the BDD electrode was 0.01412 μF cm-2, a relatively low value; Ipox/Ipred ratios were 0.99 for the potassium ferro-ferricyanide system in BDD, demonstrating that the redox process is quasi-reversible. The figures of merit for Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) were; DL of 6.31, 1.76, and 1.72 μg L-1; QL of 21.04, 5.87, and 5.72 μg L-1, repeatability of 1.06, 2.43, and 1.34%, reproducibility of 1.61, 2.94, and 1.83% and percentage of recovery of 98.18, 91.68, and 91.68%, respectively. It is concluded that the DPASV method on BDD has acceptable precision and accuracy for the quantification of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III), and it was verified that some beers did not comply with the permissible limits of food standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar López-Balladares
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | | | - Lenys Fernández
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
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31
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Koleda O, Prenzel T, Winter J, Hirohata T, de Jesús Gálvez-Vázquez M, Schollmeyer D, Inagi S, Suna E, Waldvogel SR. Simple and scalable electrosynthesis of 1 H-1-hydroxy-quinazolin-4-ones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2669-2675. [PMID: 36908965 PMCID: PMC9993888 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathodic synthesis provides sustainable access to 1-hydroxy- and 1-oxy-quinazolin-4-ones from easily accessible nitro starting materials. Mild reaction conditions, inexpensive and reusable carbon-based electrode materials, an undivided electrochemical setup, and constant current conditions characterise this method. Sulphuric acid is used as a simple supporting electrolyte as well as a catalyst for cyclisation. The broad applicability of this protocol is demonstrated in 27 differently substituted derivatives in high yields of up to 92%. Moreover, mechanistic studies based on cyclic voltammetry measurements highlight a selective reduction of the nitro substrate to hydroxylamine as a key step. The relevance for preparative applications is demonstrated by a 100-fold scale-up for gram-scale electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Koleda
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Tobias Prenzel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Tomoki Hirohata
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - María de Jesús Gálvez-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany https://www.aksw.uni-mainz.de/
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems -Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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