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Zhao Y, Huang S, Chao M, Wang Y, Liu P, Li P, Fang X, Routledge MN, Peng C, Zhang C. Highly resistant and sensitive colorimetric immunochromatographic assay for sibutramine (SBT) illegally adulterated into diet food based on PDA/AuNP labelling. Analyst 2023; 148:5094-5104. [PMID: 37671915 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based immunochromatographic assay strip is a valuable tool for monitoring chemicals in foods. However, the sensitive ICA strip for SBT is rarely reported due to the fact that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SBT with high affinity are commercially unavailable. Herein, a monoclonal antibody against SBT was prepared through a designed hapten with a carboxyl end-capped space arm. The obtained mAb showed high affinity for SBT and N-desmethylsibutramine, a metabolite of SBT. Furthermore, a series of core-shell NPs, polydopamine (PDA) coated AuNPs (PDA/AuNPs) with controlled shell thickness and packing density were synthesized. The obtained PDA/AuNP-mAb conjugate demonstrated high tolerance to salt and good stability in a wide pH range, which is beneficial for improving the matrix interference common in ICA. As a result, PDA/AuNP-based ICA could quantify SBT in the range of 3.39-69.60 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 ng mL-1. This novel ICA improved the sensitivity of the traditional AuNP-based ICA by nearly 12 times. Method validation was conducted with spiked samples of slimming food and human serum and compared with HPLC-MS/MS. Consistent results indicated that high sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the PDA/AuNP-based ICA approach were achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this study reported the most sensitive immunoassay for SBT thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Sijie Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Mengjia Chao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Pan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Xuechen Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Michael N Routledge
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China and International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, China
| | - Chifang Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Hamed IA, Sherif RM, El-Sheikh ESA, Aldawek AM, Shalaby AA. Protective effect of vitamin C against thiamethoxam-induced toxicity in male rats. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1334-1345. [PMID: 38027408 PMCID: PMC10658022 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamethoxam (THM) is a neonicotinoid insecticide used to control different insect pests on fruits, vegetables, and field crops. The misuse and continuous exposure to THM cause many harmful effects on health and the reproductive system. Aim This work aims to investigate the efficiency of vitamin C (vit C) in reducing or eliminating the harmful effects of THM on the testes, liver, and kidney of male rats. Methods Forty-eight sexually mature male Wister albino rats (weight: 170-190 g; age: 10-11 weeks) were randomly allocated into six groups (8 males/group). The control group was orally given distilled water, vit C group was orally treated with 200 mg/kg b.wt of vit C, group 1/10 of THM LD50 orally treated with 156.3 mg/kg b.wt of THM, group 1/20 of THM LD50 orally treated with 78.15 mg/kg b.wt of THM, group 1/10 of THM LD50 + vit C orally treated with 156.3 mg/kg b.wt of THM + 200 mg/kg b.wt of vit C, and group 1/20 of THM LD50 + vit C orally treated with 78.15 mg/kg b.wt of THM + 200 mg/kg b.wt of vit C. All groups were treated for five days per week for a whole period of 58 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and serum was extracted for liver and kidney functions and antioxidant measurements. Reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicles) were collected and weighed at the end of the experiment. Results The results showed that groups exposed to 1/10 and 1/20 of THM LD50 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the body weight, the reproductive organ weights (testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicles), spermatid count, sperm (count and motility), and testosterone concentration with an increase in abnormalities. In addition, the groups exposed to THM showed a decrease in protein concentration, albumin, and globulin, and caused an increase in glucose concentration. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased while caused decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) due to exposure to THM. The co-administration of vit C with HM modulated the harmful effects of the insecticide on testicular, liver, and kidney parameters, which confirmed in histopathological examination of testis. Groups orally treated with vit C showed a significant increase in spermatogenesis, spermatid numbers, and the weight of seminal vesicles. Conclusion This study showed the importance of vit C in reducing toxic effects from exposure to THM. Accordingly, the intake of vit C by individuals who regularly handle this insecticide will be beneficial in reducing the adverse effects that may occur in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Hamed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Refat M. Sherif
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed A. El-Sheikh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Aldawek
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Aly A. Shalaby
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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Liu J, Xu X, Wu A, Song S, Xu L, Xu C, Liu L, Kuang H. Rapid and sensitive determination of difenoconazole in cucumber and pear samples using an immunochromatographic assay. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li Y, Yang L, Yu W, Yu X, Wen K, Shao B, Sun J, Shen J, Wang Z. Highly efficient and precise two-step cell selection method for tetramethylenedisulfotetramine-specific monoclonal antibody production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127689. [PMID: 34799173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful biological tools for research, diagnostics, and pharmaceuticals. Here, we proposed a new mAb discovery platform named the two-step cell selection method (TCSM) for mAbs production of some small molecule haptens as antibiotic, toxins, and pesticides. The first step was performed by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter to enrich the hapten-specific B cells, the second step was an image-based precise pick of single hapten-specific hybridoma cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In this study, we used tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) as a model analyte, which is a highly lethal neurotoxic rodenticide. The TETS-specific hybridoma cells selection was completed within 10 days by the TCSM, compared with at least 40 days in the traditional hybridoma method (THM). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the best mAb 1G6 for TETS in the TCSM was 1.98 ng mL-1, and that of mAb 2B6 in the THM was 11.49 ng mL-1. Antibody-TETS recognition also showed more interactions in mAb 1G6 than in mAb 2B6. Then, the mAb 1G6 was then successfully applied to develop an icELISA for TETS in biological samples with satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The results demonstrated that the TCSM was a feasible and efficient method for mAb discovering of poisonous hapten molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jiefang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu X, Xie B, Cheng Y, Luo L, Liang Y, Xiao Z. A Sensitive Monoclonal-Antibody-Based ELISA for Forchlorfenuron Residue Analysis in Food Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020078. [PMID: 35200339 PMCID: PMC8869720 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) was coupled with succinic anhydride to yield a CPPU hapten (CPPU-COOH), and a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can specifically recognize CPPU was produced. Using this mAb as a recognition reagent, a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for CPPU was optimized, which exhibits an IC50 of 1.04 ng/mL, a limit of detection of 0.16 ng/mL, and a linear range of 0.31–3.43 ng/mL for CPPU. Cross-reactivity percentages with six analogues were all below 6%. The average recovery rates for cucumber and orange samples were from 85.23% to 119.14%. The analysis results of this icELISA showed good consistency with those from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. These results suggest that the proposed icELISA provides a sensitive, specific, and reliable strategy for CPPU detection in food samples.
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An J, Dong Z, Zhang W, Yan Y, Kang W, Lian K. Development of a simple nanofiber-based solid phase extraction procedure coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis for the quantification of eight sedative-hypnotic drugs in human urine samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zhou S, Xu X, Wang L, Guo L, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. A fluorescence based immunochromatographic sensor for monitoring chlorpheniramine and its comparison with a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow strip. Analyst 2021; 146:3589-3598. [PMID: 33928961 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpheniramine (CPM) is an illegal additive found in herbal teas and health foods, and its excessive intake can cause health problems. In this study, a CPM monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed based on a new type of hapten. The mAb was found to belong to the IgG2b subclass and showed high sensitivity and specificity when used in ELISA, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.98 ng mL-1 and cross-reactivity (CR) values below 1.8% when compared to antiallergic drugs. Based on the mAb produced, a fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip assay (FM-ICS) and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay (GNP-ICS) were developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of CPM in herbal tea samples. Under optimal conditions, the cut-off values for the FM-ICS and GNP-ICS were 10 ng mL-1 and 100 ng mL-1, respectively, in herbal tea samples. The FM-ICS exhibited a higher sensitivity than GNP-ICS, but both could produce results within 15 min. In addition, a variety of high-throughput rapid immunoassay formats could be implemented based on this mAb for use as a convenient and reliable tool for the determination of CPM exposure in foods and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134723. [PMID: 32630084 PMCID: PMC7369984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that is wildly used among farmers for crop protection. However, there are concerns regarding its contamination in the environment and food chain. In the present study, an in-house indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) specific for detecting chlorpyrifos is developed and validated against gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) as the conventional method. The developed ic-ELISA was used for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in vegetable samples. The developed ic-ELISA showed good sensitivity to chlorpyrifos at an IC50 of 0.80 µg/kg, with low cross-reactivity to other organophosphate pesticides. The 160 samples were collected from local markets located in the Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Nan provinces in northern Thailand. The positive rate of chlorpyrifos residues in the vegetable samples was 33.8%, with the highest levels found in cucumbers, coriander, and morning glory, at 275, 145, and 35.3 µg/kg, respectively. The highest median levels of chlorpyrifos found in the detected samples were Chinese cabbage (332 μg/kg), cucumber (146.3 μg/kg) and Chinese Kale (26.95 μg/kg). The developed ic-ELISA is suitable for the rapid quantitation of chlorpyrifos residues.
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Chan WS, Wong GF, Hung CW, Wong YN, Fung KM, Lee WK, Dao KL, Leung CW, Lo KM, Lee WM, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:563-607. [PMID: 33385147 PMCID: PMC7770452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in toxicology from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20.Papers%202019.pdf.
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Comparison of the toxicokinetics of the convulsants picrotoxinin and tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) in mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1995-2007. [PMID: 32239239 PMCID: PMC7303059 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute intoxication with picrotoxin or the rodenticide tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) can cause seizures that rapidly progress to status epilepticus and death. Both compounds inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptors with similar potency. However, TETS is approximately 100 × more lethal than picrotoxin. Here, we directly compared the toxicokinetics of the two compounds following intraperitoneal administration in mice. Using LC/MS analysis we found that picrotoxinin, the active component of picrotoxin, hydrolyses quickly into picrotoxic acid, has a short in vivo half-life, and is moderately brain penetrant (brain/plasma ratio 0.3). TETS, in contrast, is not metabolized by liver microsomes and persists in the body following intoxication. Using both GC/MS and a TETS-selective immunoassay we found that mice administered TETS at the LD50 of 0.2 mg/kg in the presence of rescue medications exhibited serum levels that remained constant around 1.6 μM for 48 h before falling slowly over the next 10 days. TETS showed a similar persistence in tissues. Whole-cell patch-clamp demonstrated that brain and serum extracts prepared from mice at 2 and 14 days after TETS administration significantly blocked heterologously expressed α2β3γ2 GABAA-receptors confirming that TETS remains pharmacodynamically active in vivo. This observed persistence may contribute to the long-lasting and recurrent seizures observed following human exposures. We suggest that countermeasures to neutralize TETS or accelerate its elimination should be explored for this highly dangerous threat agent.
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López-Puertollano D, Agulló C, Mercader JV, Abad-Somovilla A, Abad-Fuentes A. Click Chemistry-Assisted Bioconjugates for Hapten Immunodiagnostics. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:956-964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López-Puertollano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Consuelo Agulló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Josep V. Mercader
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Somovilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Fuentes
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
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Bandara SB, Carty DR, Singh V, Harvey DJ, Vasylieva N, Pressly B, Wulff H, Lein PJ. Susceptibility of larval zebrafish to the seizurogenic activity of GABA type A receptor antagonists. Neurotoxicology 2019; 76:220-234. [PMID: 31811871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) antagonist, elicits seizure-like phenotypes in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Here, we determined whether the GABAAR antagonists, tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) and picrotoxin (PTX), both listed as credible chemical threat agents, similarly trigger seizures in zebrafish larvae. Larvae of three, routinely used laboratory zebrafish lines, Tropical 5D, NHGRI and Tupfel long fin, were exposed to varying concentrations of PTZ (used as a positive control), PTX or TETS for 20 min at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Acute exposure to PTZ, PTX or TETS triggered seizure behavior in the absence of morbidity or mortality. While the concentration-effect relationship for seizure behavior was similar across zebrafish lines for each GABAAR antagonist, significantly less TETS was required to trigger seizures relative to PTX or PTZ. Recordings of extracellular field potentials in the optic tectum of 5 dpf Tropical 5D zebrafish confirmed that all three GABAAR antagonists elicited extracellular spiking patterns consistent with seizure activity, although the pattern varied between chemicals. Post-exposure treatment with the GABAAR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), diazepam, midazolam or allopregnanolone, attenuated seizure behavior and activity but did not completely normalize electrical field recordings in the optic tectum. These data are consistent with observations of seizure responses in mammalian models exposed to these same GABAAR antagonists and PAMs, further validating larval zebrafish as a higher throughput-screening platform for antiseizure therapeutics, and demonstrating its appropriateness for identifying improved countermeasures for TETS and other convulsant chemical threat agents that trigger seizures via GABAAR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren B Bandara
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Dennis R Carty
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Danielle J Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Brandon Pressly
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Wang Y, Li Z, Barnych B, Huo J, Wan D, Vasylieva N, Xu J, Li P, Liu B, Zhang C, Hammock BD. Investigation of the Small Size of Nanobodies for a Sensitive Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Small Molecules: 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid, an Exposure Biomarker of Pyrethroid Insecticides as a Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11536-11541. [PMID: 31589045 PMCID: PMC7134064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited reports on the use of nanobodies (Nbs) in fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) aroused us to explore if the small size of Nbs is a drawback for the development of sensitive FPIA to small molecular compounds, particularly since FPIA is a technology strongly dependent on molecular weight. In the present work, three different molecular weight Nbs against 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an exposure biomarker of pyrethroid insecticides, including bare Nbs (15 kDa), Nbs-Avidin (Nbs-AV, 60 kDa), and Nbs-Alkaline phosphatase (Nbs-AP, 130 kDa) were specifically generated to cover distinct regions on the polarization and molecular weight relationship curve for a fluorescein tracer. In competitive FPIA, similar half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 3-PBA of 16.4, 12.2, and 14.8 ng mL-1 were obtained for Nbs, Nbs-AV, and Nbs-AP, respectively, indicating that the size of Nbs in the range tested had no significant effect on the sensitivity of the resulting competitive FPIA. An IC50 of 20.2 ng mL-1 for an anti-3-PBA polyconal antibody based FPIA further demonstrated the performance of Nbs, which was comparable to that of traditional antibodies in FPIA. Spike-recovery studies showed good and reproducible recovery of 3-PBA in urine samples, demonstrating the applicability of Nb-based FPIA. Overall, our results show that Nb-based FPIA achieves sensitivity levels of FPIA based on conventional antibodies and further indicate that Nb absolutely meets the sensitivity requirement of FPIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Institute of Food safety and nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jingqian Huo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Junli Xu
- Institute of Food safety and nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Food safety and nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Food safety and nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Institute of Food safety and nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Corresponding Author. &
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Corresponding Author. &
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14
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Moffett MC, Rauscher NA, Rice NC, Myers TM. Survey of drug therapies against acute oral tetramethylenedisulfotetramine poisoning in a rat voluntary consumption model. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:264-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Xu J, Qiu Y, Li P, Liu B, Yang L, Barnych B, Hammock BD, Zhang C. Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibody and Sensitive Quantum Dot Beads-Based Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Tebuconazole Assay in Agricultural Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9096-9103. [PMID: 31356079 PMCID: PMC7069222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was raised against tebuconazole (TEB) using a hapten where the p-chloro substituent of the TEB molecule was replaced with a long-chain carboxylic acid. The resulting mAb showed high sensitivity and specificity against TEB characterized by ELISA with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.19 ng mL-1 and with cross-reactivity (CR) values below 0.01% to several analogues of triazole fungicides. On the basis of the mAb produced, a quantum dot beads-based fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip assay (QBs-FITSA) was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of TEB in agricultural product samples. The QBs-FITSA exhibited a linear detection range from 0.02 to 1.25 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng mL-1. Furthermore, using produced mAb, multiple high-throughput rapid immunoassay formats could be achieved as a convenient monitoring tool for evaluation of human and environmental exposure to TEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junli Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulou Qiu
- Zhejiang Proceincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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16
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Li H, Ma S, Zhang X, Li C, Dong B, Mujtaba MG, Wei Y, Liang X, Yu X, Wen K, Yu W, Shen J, Wang Z. Generic Hapten Synthesis, Broad-Specificity Monoclonal Antibodies Preparation, and Ultrasensitive ELISA for Five Antibacterial Synergists in Chicken and Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11170-11179. [PMID: 30251847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An antibody with broad specificity and principally depending on hapten structure and size is a key reagent for developing a class-selective immunoassay. In the present study, three new generic haptens of antibacterial synergists (ASGs) were proposed using trimethoprim as the starting molecule. These haptens contained carboxyl groups on the meta position of trimethoxybenzene for conjugating to protein, while, the common moiety of ASGs, i.e., diaminopyrimidine, was intentionally and maximally exposed to the immune system in animals in order to induce antibodies with broad specificity against ASGs. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were finally obtained, and 5C4 from the hapten with a short spacer arm, named Hapten A, showed not only uniform broad specificity but also high affinity to all five ASGs. We further determined the possible recognition mechanism of mAbs in terms of conformational and electronic aspects. An indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA)-based 5C4 was established and exhibited IC50 values of 0.067-0.139 μg L-1 with cross-reactivity of 48.2%-418.7% for the five ASGs in buffer under optimal conditions. The calculated limits of detection of the icELISA for chicken and milk were 0.06-0.8 μg kg-1 and 0.05-0.6 μg L-1, respectively. The recoveries in spiked chicken and milk samples were 75.2%-101.4% with a coefficient of variation less than 14.3%. In summary, we have developed, for the first time, a rapid and reliable icELISA for ASGs with significantly improved sensitivity and class selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Henan Agricultural University , 450002 Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Baolei Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Mari Ghulam Mujtaba
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Qingdao Agricultural University , 266109 Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing , People's Republic of China
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17
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Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: A Health Risk Compound and a Potential Chemical Warfare Agent. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6030051. [PMID: 30135374 PMCID: PMC6160919 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS, tetramine) is a toxic organic compound that is used as an effective rodenticide. However, this neurotoxin is not only toxic to rodents, it also causes poisoning in humans. Due to its high level of toxicity for humans, the use of TETS as a rodenticide has been banned and its production has been discontinued. Despite this, human poisoning by this substance is unfortunately still very common. The largest number of poisonings are reported in China, but in the United States, dozens of poisonings still happen annually. TETS is one of the most hazardous pesticides and also a possible chemical warfare agent with no known antidote. In this article, we aim to summarize the biochemical and toxicological data of TETS and hope to cast some light on the toxicological risk to human health.
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18
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Wang J, Mukhtar H, Ma L, Pang Q, Wang X. VHH Antibodies: Reagents for Mycotoxin Detection in Food Products. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020485. [PMID: 29415506 PMCID: PMC5855929 DOI: 10.3390/s18020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and they are a worldwide public health concern. A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the smallest antigen binding entity and is produced by heavy chain only antibodies. Compared with conventional antibodies, VHH antibodies overcome many pitfalls typically encountered in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics. Likewise, VHH antibodies are particularly useful for monitoring mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs, as they are easily genetic engineered and have superior stability. In this review, we summarize the efforts to produce anti-mycotoxins VHH antibodies and associated assays, presenting VHH as a potential tool in mycotoxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hina Mukhtar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qian Pang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Cui X, Vasylieva N, Wu P, Barnych B, Yang J, Shen D, He Q, Gee SJ, Zhao S, Hammock BD. Development of an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Glycocholic Acid Based on Chicken Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibodies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11091-11097. [PMID: 28942640 PMCID: PMC6459402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycocholic acid (GCA) is an important metabolite of bile acids, whose urine levels are expected to be a specific diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A high-throughput immunoassay for determination of GCA would be of significant advantage and useful for primary diagnosis, surveillance, and early detection of HCC. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have several desirable characteristics and are an attractive alternative to traditional antibodies for the immunoassay. Because chicken antibodies possess single heavy and light variable functional domains, they are an ideal framework for simplified generation of recombinant antibodies for GCA detection. However, chicken scFvs have rarely been used to detect GCA. In this study, a scFv library was generated from chickens immunized with a GCA hapten coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and anti-GCA scFvs were isolated by a phage-displayed method. Compared to the homologous coating antigen, use of a heterologous coating antigen resulted in about an 85-fold improvement in sensitivity of the immunoassay. This assay, under optimized conditions, had a linear range of 0.02-0.18 μg/mL, with an IC50 of 0.06 μg/mL. The assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with various related bile acids, except for taurocholic acid. The detection of GCA from spiked human urine samples ranged from 86.7% to 123.3%. These results, combined with the advantages of scFv antibodies, indicated that a chicken scFv-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a suitable method for high-throughput screening of GCA in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ding Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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20
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GABA A receptor subtype selectivity of the proconvulsant rodenticide TETS. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:833-844. [PMID: 29038840 PMCID: PMC5818616 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rodenticide tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) is a potent convulsant (lethal dose in humans 7–10 mg) that is listed as a possible threat agent by the United States Department of Homeland Security. TETS has previously been studied in vivo for toxicity and in vitro in binding assays, with the latter demonstrating it to be a non-competitive antagonist on GABAA receptors. To determine whether TETS exhibits subtype selectivity for a particular GABAA receptor combination, we used whole-cell patch-clamp to determine the potency of TETS on the major synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors associated with convulsant activity. The active component of picrotoxin, picrotoxinin, was used as a control. While picrotoxinin did not differentiate well between 13 GABAA receptors, TETS exhibited the highest activity on α2β3γ2 (IC50 480 nM, 95% CI 320–640 nM) and α6β3γ2 (IC50 400 nM, 95% CI 290–510 nM). Introducing β1 or β2 subunits into these receptor combinations reduced or abolished TETS sensitivity, suggesting that TETS preferentially affects receptors with α2/β3 or α6/β3 composition. Since α2β3γ2 receptors make up 15–20% of the GABAA receptors in the mammalian CNS, we suggest that α2β3γ2 is probably the most important GABAA receptor for the seizure-inducing activity of TETS.
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21
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Barnych B, Vasylieva N, Joseph T, Hulsizer S, Nguyen HM, Cajka T, Pessah I, Wulff H, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Development of Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) Hapten Library: Synthesis, Electrophysiological Studies, and Immune Response in Rabbits. Chemistry 2017; 23:8466-8472. [PMID: 28411375 PMCID: PMC5808876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for fast detection methods for the banned rodenticide tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a highly potent blocker of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA ) receptors. General synthetic approach toward two groups of analogues was developed. Screening of the resulting library of compounds by FLIPR or whole-cell voltage-clamp revealed that, despite the structural differences, some of the TETS analogues retained GABAA receptor inhibition; however, their potency was an order of magnitude lower. Antibodies raised in rabbits against some of the TETS analogues conjugated to protein recognized free TETS and will be used for the development of an immunoassay for TETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Tom Joseph
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Susan Hulsizer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Tomas Cajka
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Isaac Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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