1
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Réant BLL, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Zintl Clusters as a Platform for Lewis Acid Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38814137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Clusters of the main group elements phosphorus and arsenic, commonly categorized as Zintl clusters, have been known for over a century. And, only now is the application of these systems as catalysts for organic synthesis being investigated. In this work, boranes are tethered via an aliphatic linker to Zintl-based clusters and their Lewis acidity is examined experimentally, by the Gutmann-Beckett test and competency in the hydroborative reduction of six organic substrates, as well as computationally, by fluoride ion affinity and hydride ion affinity methods. The effects of tuning the aliphatic linker length, substituents at the boron, and changing the cluster from a seven-atom phosphorus system to a seven-atom arsenic system on reactivity are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L L Réant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Pan F, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Effect of La 3+ on the Formation of Endohedral Zintl Clusters Featuring In/Bi Shells. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9670-9675. [PMID: 38580311 PMCID: PMC11134487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the interactions of f-block metal ions with p-block polyanions in multinary cluster compounds is becoming increasingly attractive but remains a challenge in terms of both the synthetic approach and the control of the structures that are formed during the syntheses. So far, two types of reactions were dominant for the formation of corresponding clusters: the reaction of binary anions of p-block elements in 1,2-diamino-ethane (en) solutions or the reaction of organobismuth compounds with corresponding f-block metal complexes in THF. Herein, we report the synthesis of [La@In2Bi11]4- (1) and its doubly μ-Bi-bridged analogue in the doubly [K(crypt-222)]+-coordinated {[K(crypt-222)]2[La@In2Bi11](μ-Bi)2[La@In2Bi11]}4- (2) as their [K(crypt-222)]+ salts [K(crypt-222)]41 and [K(crypt-222)]42, respectively, achieved by reactions of [InMes3] and [La(C5Me4H)3] (Mes = mesityl, C5Me4H = tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) with K10Ga3Bi6.65/crypt-222 (crypt-222 = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) in en. In the absence of [La(C5Me4H)3], the otherwise unchanged reactions afford the anions [Bi6(InMes)(InMes2)]3- (3) and [Mes3In-InMes3]2- (4) instead, which can be isolated as their [K(crypt-222)]+ salts [K(crypt-222)]33 and [K(crypt-222)]24·tol (tol = toluene), respectively. The {Bi6} fragment observed in anion 3 is assumed to be one of the key intermediates not only toward the formation of 1 and 2 but also on the way to more general bismuth rich compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Du J, Dollberg K, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, von Hänisch C, Liddle ST. f-Element Zintl Chemistry: Actinide-Mediated Dehydrocoupling of H 2Sb 1- Affords the Trithorium and Triuranium Undeca-Antimontriide Zintl Clusters [{An(Tren TIPS)} 3(μ 3-Sb 11)] (An = Th, U; Tren TIPS = {N(CH 2CH 2NSi iPr 3) 3} 3-). Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38767623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of the cesium antimonide complex [Cs(18C6)2][SbH2] (1, 18C6 = 18-crown-6 ether) with the triamidoamine actinide separated ion pairs [An(TrenTIPS)(L)][BPh4] (TrenTIPS = {N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3}3-; An/L = Th/DME (2Th); U/THF (2U)) affords the triactinide undeca-antimontriide Zintl clusters [{An(TrenTIPS)}3(μ3-Sb11)] (An = Th (3Th), U (3U)) by dehydrocoupling. Clusters 3Th and 3U provide two new examples of the Sb113- Zintl trianion and are unprecedented examples of molecular Sb113- being coordinated to anything since all previous reports featured isolated Sb113- Zintl trianions in separated ion quadruple formulations with noncoordinating cations. Quantum chemical calculations describe dominant ionic An-Sb interactions in 3Th and 3U, though the data suggest that the latter exhibits slightly more covalent An-Sb linkages than the former. Complexes 3Th and 3U have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, and UV/vis/NIR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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4
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Tsukamoto T. Recent advances in atomic cluster synthesis: a perspective from chemical elements. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38651597 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite its potential significance, "cluster chemistry" remains a somewhat marginalized topic within the chemistry field. However, atomic clusters with their unusual and unique structures and properties represent a novel material group situated between molecules and nanoparticles or solid matter, judging from both scientific standpoints and historical backgrounds. Surveying an entire material group, including all substances that can be regarded as a cluster, is essential for establishing cluster chemistry as a more prominent chemistry field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding by categorizing, summarizing, and reviewing clusters, focusing on their constituent elements in the periodic table. However, because numerous disparate synthetic processes have been individually developed to date, their straightforward and uniform classification is a challenging task. As such, comprehensively reviewing this field from a chemical composition viewpoint presents significant obstacles. It should be therefore noted that despite adopting a synthetic method-based classification in this review, the discussions presented herein could entail inaccuracies. Nevertheless, this unorthodox viewpoint unfolds a new scientific perspective which accentuates the common ground between different development processes by emphasizing the lack of a definitive border between their synthetic methods and material groups, thus opening new avenues for cementing cluster chemistry as an attractive chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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5
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Breitwieser K, Bevilacqua M, Mullassery S, Dankert F, Morgenstern B, Grandthyll S, Müller F, Biffis A, Hering-Junghans C, Munz D. Pd 8(PDip) 6: Cubic, Unsaturated, Zerovalent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400699. [PMID: 38634573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters hold promise for supramolecular assembly and (opto)electronic- as well as magnetic materials. Herein, this work reports that treating palladium(0) precursors with a triphosphirane affords strongly colored Pd8(PDip)6 that is fully characterized by mass spectrometry, heteronuclear and Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR-, infrared (IR), UV-vis, and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-Ray diffraction (sc-XRD), mass spectrometry, and cyclovoltammetry (CV). This coordinatively unsaturated 104-electron Pd(0) cluster features a cubic Pd8-core, µ4-capping phosphinidene ligands, and is air-stable. Quantum chemical calculations provide insight to the cluster's electronic structure and suggest 5s/4d orbital mixing as well as minor Pd─P covalency. Trapping experiments reveal that cluster growth proceeds via insertion of Pd(0) into the triphosphirane. The unsaturated cluster senses ethylene and binds isocyanides, which triggers the rearrangement to a tetrahedral structure with a reduced frontier orbital energy gap. These experiments demonstrate facile cluster manipulation and highlight non-destructive cluster rearrangement as is required for supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Breitwieser
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matteo Bevilacqua
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Sneha Mullassery
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samuel Grandthyll
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Campus E2.9, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Campus E2.9, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Christian Hering-Junghans
- Katalyse mit phosphorhaltigen Materialien, Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Muñoz-Castro A. [Ag(Sn 9-Sn 9)] 5- and [(η 4-Sn 9)Ag(η 1-Sn 9)] 7-, as aggregates of spherical aromatic building blocks. Persistence of aromaticity upon cluster gathering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8419-8425. [PMID: 38407459 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05394f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Formation of cluster-based materials requires a fundamental understanding of the resulting cluster aggregation processes. The Sn94- Zintl-ion structure can be viewed as a building block featuring a spherical aromatic species, leading to a cluster gathering upon oxidative coupling and/or mediated by transition metals. Here, we evaluate the spherical aromatic properties of [Sn9-Sn9]6-, [Ag(Sn9-Sn9)]5- and [(η4-Sn9)Ag(η1-Sn9)]7-, as aggregates of two Sn9 building units held together via oxidative coupling and mediated by a Ag(I) transition metal center. Our results from magnetic criteria of aromaticity show that the inherent spherical aromatic characteristics of the parent Sn94- cluster are persistent in the overall aggregate where the enabled shielding cones ascribed to each Sn9 unit are able to interplay between them, leading to an overlap of the shielding regions. Hence, the two approaches for bringing cluster units together are able to retain the inherent spherical aromatic features for each Sn9 unit, leading to a cluster-based dimer where the parent properties remain. Thus, further cluster-based materials can be envisaged from aggregation upon oxidative coupling and/or mediated by transition metals, where the constituent building blocks retain their initial features, useful to guide the formation of more complex cluster-based aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato, 37150, Mexico.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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7
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Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Muñoz-Castro A. Ligand-free supermolecules: [Pd 2@Ge 18] 4- and [Pd 2@Sn 18] 4- as multiple-bonded Zintl-ion clusters based on Pd@Ge 9 and Pd@Sn 9 assembled units. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38436401 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding intercluster bonding interactions is important in the rational synthesis of building blocks for molecular materials. Such characteristics have been developed for coinage metal clusters resembling single-, double-, and triple-bonded species, coined as supermolecules. Herein, we extend such an approach for understanding main-group clusters, thus evaluating [Pd2@E18]4- clusters (E = Ge, Sn) involving the fusion of parent spherical aromatic [Pd@E12]2- building units. Our results indicate intercluster bonding provided by contribution from 2P and 1G shells centered at each building motif, leading to an overall bond order of 2.70 and 2.31 for [Pd2@Ge18]4- and [Pd2@Sn18]4-, respectively. In addition, 119Sn-NMR patterns were evaluated to complement the experimental characterization of a single peak owing to the insolution fluxional behavior of [Pd2@Sn18]4- as three peaks owing to the three sets of unique Sn atoms within the structure. Magnetic response properties revealed that spherical aromatic characteristics from parent [Pd@E12]2- building units are retained in the overall [Pd2@E18]4- oblate cluster as two spherical aromatic units. Hence, the notion of superatomic molecules is extended to Zintl-ion clusters, favoring further rationalization for the fabrication of cluster-assembled solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato, 37150, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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8
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Schwinghammer VF, Gärtner S. [Tl 7] 7- Clusters in Mixed Alkali Metal Thallides Cs 7.29K 5.71Tl 13 and Cs 3.45K 3.55Tl 7. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38416695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Investigations in the ternary system Cs-K-Tl resulted in the unexpected formation of new ternary thallides Cs7.29K5.71Tl13 and Cs3.45K3.55Tl7. Single crystal X-ray structure analyses of both compounds reveal the presence of isolated Tl cluster units. Cs7.29K5.71Tl13 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (a = 30.7792(9) Å, b = 11.000(2) Å, c = 14.0291(4) Å, β = 112.676(4)°, Z = 4) and contains [Tl6]6- and [Tl7]7- clusters as thallium subunits. Cs3.45K3.55Tl7 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/a (a = 13.6177(2) Å, c = 25.5573(8) Å, Z = 8) and contains [Tl7]7- clusters exclusively. The formation of Cs7.29K5.71Tl13 is obtained after slow cooling in addition to that of Cs3.45K3.55Tl7 and can be suppressed by quenching the stoichiometric mixture. First dissolution experiments in liquid ammonia suggest thallium and amide as final oxidation products. Full relativistic band structure calculations of Cs4K3Tl7 and Cs8K5Tl13 showed a (pseudo) band gap around EF for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Schwinghammer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Central Analytics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Zang Y, Wang Y, Sang R, Xu L. Dimeric polybismuth heteroanion of [Rh@Bi 10(RhCO) 5] 2- constructed using Bi 10-bowl and square pyramidal Rh@(Rh-CO) 5. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15935-15939. [PMID: 37843250 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox reaction of the monovalent Rh2(CO)4Cl2 and Binn- (n = 2, 3) from K5Bi4 in ethylenediamine (en) solution produced the decabismuthide-hexarhodium dianion [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]2- (1a) wherein a novel Bi10-bowl was constructed from oxidized 2Bi3/2Bi2 open triangles/dimers, which was stabilized by strong bonding to a reduced Rh@(RhCO)5 square pyramid. Two 1a dianons are held together by weak interactions (van der Waals forces and spatial resistance) to form a dimer [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]24- (1). The structure and bonding of the novel polybismuthide heteroanion 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruili Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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10
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Helmer J, Hepp A, Berger RJF, Lips F. Synthesis and functionalization of the six-vertex anionic amido-substituted silicon cluster [Si 6{N(SiMe 3)Ph} 5] . Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14949-14955. [PMID: 37800884 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the six-vertex amido-substituted silicon cluster Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}6 1 with two equiv. of KC8 results in the abstraction of K{N(SiMe3)Ph} and leads to the contact ion pair 2 including an anionic silicon cluster with two unsubstituted pyramidal vertices. Facile functionalization of 2 was achieved with MeI, SiCl4 and SiBr4 and results in neutral two-fold functionalized silicon clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschua Helmer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Raphael J F Berger
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Materialchemie, Jakob-Harringerstr. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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11
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Imex Aguirre Cardenas M, Siu TC, Pimentel AE, Hight MO, Shimono MG, Thai S, Carta V, Su TA. Installing Quaternary Germanium Centers in Sila-Diamondoid Cores via Skeletal Isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20588-20594. [PMID: 37683101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes skeletal isomerization strategies to install one to four quaternary germanium atoms in the sila-adamantane core, in a cluster analogy to precision germanium doping in silicon-germanium alloys. The first strategy embodies an inorganic variant of single-atom skeletal editing, where we use a sila-Wagner-Meerwein bond shift cascade to exchange a peripheral Ge atom with a core Si atom. We can install up to four Ge atoms at the quaternary diamondoid centers based on controlling the SixGey stoichiometry of our precursor. We find that bridgehead Ge centers can be selectively functionalized over bridgehead Si centers in SiGe adamantanes; we use this chemistry in conjunction with scanning tunneling microscopy break-junction (STM-BJ) measurements to show that Si8Ge2 adamantane wires give a 60% increase in single-molecule conductance compared with Si10 adamantanes. These studies describe the first quantum transport measurements in sila-diamondoid structures, and demonstrate how main-chain Ge doping can be used to increase electronic transmission in sila-diamondoid-based molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imex Aguirre Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Timothy C Siu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ashley E Pimentel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew O Hight
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Miku G Shimono
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Shalivahana Thai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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12
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Báez-Grez R, Inostroza D, Vásquez-Espinal A, Islas R, Pino-Rios R. Exploration of the potential energy surface in mixed Zintl clusters applying an automatic Johnson polyhedra generator: the case of arachno E 6M 24- (E = Si, Ge, Sn; M = Sb, Bi). RSC Adv 2023; 13:24499-24504. [PMID: 37588980 PMCID: PMC10426391 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new algorithm called Automatic Johnson Cluster Generator (AJCG) is presented, which, as its name indicates, allows the definition of the desired Johnson polyhedron to subsequently carry out all the possible permutations between the atoms that form this polyhedron. This new algorithm allows the exhaustive study of the structures' potential energy surface (PES). In addition, the AJCG algorithm is helpful for the study of three-dimensional compounds such as boranes or Zintl clusters and their structural derivatives with two or more different atoms. The automatic filling of vertices is particularly useful in mixed compounds because of the possibility of taking into account all possible configurations in the structure. As a test system, we investigated the arachno-type E6M24- (E = Si, Ge, Sn; M = Sb, Bi) structure which has eight vertices and complies with Wade-Mingos rules. Initially, we defined a bipyramidal structure (10 vertices), and filled the vertices with the atoms in all possible configurations. Since the selected system has eight atoms, the two remaining vertices were filled with pseudo atoms to complete the structure. After re-optimizing the initial population generated with AJCG, a large number of isomers with energy below 10 kcal mol-1 are identified. These results show that the most stable isomers possess homonuclear M-M bonds, except Sn6Bi24-. Although the overall putative minima differ at the PBE0-D3 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) levels, they are always competitive minima. In addition to using high-precision methodologies to correctly study relative energies, applying solvent effects in highly charged systems becomes mandatory. The aromatic character of these studied systems was demonstrated qualitatively with two- and three-dimensional mapping and quantitatively by calculating the value of the z-component of the induced magnetic field at the cage center, including scalar and spin-orbit correction for relativistic effects. The compounds studied have a high degree of aromaticity, which allows us to establish that despite structural modifications (i.e., from closo to arachno), the aromaticity is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile 8370146
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile 8370146
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121 Iquique Chile 1100000
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile 8370146
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile 8370146
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121 Iquique Chile 1100000
- Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121 Iquique Chile 1100000
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13
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Beuthert K, Peerless B, Dehnen S. Insight into the formation of bismuth-tungsten carbonyl clusters. Commun Chem 2023; 6:109. [PMID: 37277548 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimetallic clusters play a key role as models to doped metals, as candidates to new types of superatomic catalysts and as precursors to new multimetallic solids. Understanding formation pathways is an essential and necessary step forward in the development of cluster synthesis and research, yet remains considerably lacking owing to difficulty in identification of intermediates and the ill-defined nature of common starting materials. Here we show progress in this regard by investigating the reactivity of an intermetallic solid of nominal composition 'K5Ga2Bi4' with [W(cod)(CO)4] upon extraction with ethane-1,2-diamine (en) and 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (crypt-222). Several polybismuthide intermediates and by-products were identified along the reaction pathway, ultimately forming the new polybismuthide salt [K(crypt-222)]3[µ:η3-Bi3{W(CO)3}2]∙en∙tol. DFT calculations revealed plausible reaction schemes for the transformations taking place in the reaction mixture providing insight into the complex reactivity of 'K5Ga2Bi4' on the basis of in situ generation of Bi22-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peerless
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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14
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Zhang P, Nabi R, Staab JK, Chilton NF, Demir S. Taming Super-Reduced Bi 23- Radicals with Rare Earth Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9152-9163. [PMID: 37043770 PMCID: PMC10141245 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of two new sets of dibismuth-bridged rare earth molecules. The first series contains a bridging diamagnetic Bi22- anion, (Cp*2RE)2(μ-η2:η2-Bi2), 1-RE (where Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; RE = Gd (1-Gd), Tb (1-Tb), Dy (1-Dy), Y (1-Y)), while the second series comprises the first Bi23- radical-containing complexes for any d- or f-block metal ions, [K(crypt-222)][(Cp*2RE)2(μ-η2:η2-Bi2•)]·2THF (2-RE, RE = Gd (2-Gd), Tb (2-Tb), Dy (2-Dy), Y (2-Y); crypt-222 = 2.2.2-cryptand), which were obtained from one-electron reduction of 1-RE with KC8. The Bi23- radical-bridged terbium and dysprosium congeners, 2-Tb and 2-Dy, are single-molecule magnets with magnetic hysteresis. We investigate the nature of the unprecedented lanthanide-bismuth and bismuth-bismuth bonding and their roles in magnetic communication between paramagnetic metal centers, through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible/near-infrared (UV-vis/NIR) spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, DFT and multiconfigurational ab initio calculations. We find a πz* ground SOMO for Bi23-, which has isotropic spin-spin exchange coupling with neighboring metal ions of ca. -20 cm-1; however, the exchange coupling is strongly augmented by orbitally dependent terms in the anisotropic cases of 2-Tb and 2-Dy. As the first examples of p-block radicals beneath the second row bridging any metal ions, these studies have important ramifications for single-molecule magnetism, main group element, rare earth metal, and coordination chemistry at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Rizwan Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jakob K Staab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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15
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Liu X, Chen H. Robust Magnetism of the Cluster Assembled (Fe@In6)Ba2 Crystal. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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16
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Jobbins WD, van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Reactivity of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2384-2391. [PMID: 36723201 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades, the solution-state molecular chemistry of heptapnictogen ([Pn7]3-; Pn = P, As) clusters is not well established. Here we study heavy element derivatives of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallene capture, specifically isocyanates, an isothiocyanate and CO2 are probed. Clusters (Me3Ge)3P7 (1), (Et3Ge)3P7 (2), (nBu3Sn)3P7 (3), and (Me3Si)3As7 (4) were all found to capture isocyanates between all three of their tetrel-pnictogen bonds. In the case of phenyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at the isocyanate nitrogen atoms is preferred, while in the case of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at oxygen is preferred. Furthermore, the reaction of (Me3Si)3P7 with CO2 gave NMR spectra consistent with the capture of the greenhouse gas. Heteroallene insertion at these clusters was also studied using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jobbins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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17
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Beuthert K, Weinert B, Wilson RJ, Weigend F, Dehnen S. [M@Sn 14-xSb x] q- (M = La, Ce, or U; x = 6-8; q = 3, 4): Interaction of 4f or 5f Metal Ions with 5p Metal Atoms in Intermetalloid Clusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1885-1890. [PMID: 35639728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of 4f metal ions Ln3+ (Ln = La or Ce) versus 5f metal ions Un+ (n = 3 or 4) on the compositions and distribution of 5p metal atoms in the cluster shells of endohedral species [M@Sn14-xSbx]q- (M = La, Ce, or U; x = 6-8; q = 3, 4) was studied by means of combined experimental and quantum chemical investigations. While all known f-block metal ion-centered endohedral clusters possessed combinations of larger main group metal atoms so far (Sn/Bi or Pb/Bi), resulting in mixtures of 13- and 14-atom cages, the 14-atom cages reported herein comprise exclusively Sn and Sb atoms and therefore are challenged in accommodating the large 4f and 5f ions. We show that the clusters form in reactions of (Sn2Sb2)2- anions with [Ln(C5Me4H)3] or [U(C5Me4H)3Cl], and that salts of [La@Sn6Sb8]3-, [La@Sn7Sb7]4-, [U@Sn8Sb6]4-, and [U@Sn7Sb7]3- can be isolated from them. The assignment of Sn versus Sb in the encapsulating cage follows a simple rule. Different central atoms cause only slight differences in this regard and with respect to distortions of the cluster shells. The reactions also yielded the salt of the new binary anion (Sn4Sb4)2- that was recently predicted by quantum chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Luo XM, Li YK, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Platonic and Archimedean solids in discrete metal-containing clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:383-444. [PMID: 36533405 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-containing clusters have attracted increasing attention over the past 2-3 decades. This intense interest can be attributed to the fact that these discrete metal aggregates, whose atomically precise structures are resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), often possess intriguing geometrical features (high symmetry, aesthetically pleasing shapes and architectures) and fascinating physical properties, providing invaluable opportunities for the intersection of different disciplines including chemistry, physics, mathematical geometry and materials science. In this review, we attempt to reinterpret and connect these fascinating clusters from the perspective of Platonic and Archimedean solid characteristics, focusing on highly symmetrical and complex metal-containing (metal = Al, Ti, V, Mo, W, U, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, lanthanoids (Ln), and actinoids) high-nuclearity clusters, including metal-oxo/hydroxide/chalcogenide clusters and metal clusters (with metal-metal binding) protected by surface organic ligands, such as thiolate, phosphine, alkynyl, carbonyl and nitrogen/oxygen donor ligands. Furthermore, we present the symmetrical beauty of metal cluster structures and the geometrical similarity of different types of clusters and provide a large number of examples to show how to accurately describe the metal clusters from the perspective of highly symmetrical polyhedra. Finally, knowledge and further insights into the design and synthesis of unknown metal clusters are put forward by summarizing these "star" molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Luo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya-Ke Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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19
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi 3 ) 2- Anions (Tr=Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210683. [PMID: 36008351 PMCID: PMC9825972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the charge of Zintl anions by (element-)organic substituents allows their use as sources of (semi)metal nanostructures in common organic solvents, as realized for group 15 anions or Ge9 4- and Sn9 4- . We developed a new strategy for other anions, using low-coordinate 3d metal complexes as electrophiles. [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of (TrBi3 )2- anions dissolved in situ in Et2 O and/or THF when reacted with [Mn(hmds)2 ]. Work-up afforded soluble [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (TlBi3 )]2- (in 1), [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (Bi2 )]2- (in 2), and [{(hmds)Mn}4 (Bi2 )2 ]2- (in 3) (crypt-222=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; Tr=Ga, In, Tl; hmds=N(SiMe3 )2 ), representing rare cases of Zintl clusters with open-shell metal atoms. 1 comprises the first coordination compound of the (TlBi3 )2- anion, 2 features a diamond-shaped {Pn2 M2 } unit, and 3 is a mixed-valent MnI /MnII compound. The uncommon electronic structures in 1-3 and magnetic coupling were studied by comprehensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
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20
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Beuthert K, Pan F, Guggolz L, Wilson RJ, Hempelmann J, Dronskowski R, Dehnen S. Between Elemental Match and Mismatch: From K 12 Ge 3.5 Sb 6 to Salts of (Ge 2 Sb 2 ) 2- , (Ge 4 Sb 12 ) 4- , and (Ge 4 Sb 14 ) 4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207232. [PMID: 35833677 PMCID: PMC9796001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solid mixture "K2 GeSb" was shown to comprise single-crystalline K12 Ge3.5 Sb6 (1), a double salt of K5 [GeSb3 ] with carbonate-like [GeSb3 ]5- anions, and the metallic Zintl phase K2 Ge1.5 . Extraction of 1 with ethane-1,2-diamine in the presence of crypt-222 afforded [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of several novel binary Zintl anions: (Ge2 Sb2 )2- (in 2), (Ge4 Sb12 )4- (in 3), and in the presence of [AuMePPh3 ] also (Ge4 Sb14 )4- (in 4). The anion in 2 represents a predicted, yet heretofore missing pseudo-tetrahedral anion. 4 comprises a cluster analogous to (Ge4 Bi14 )4- and (Ga2 Bi16 )4- , and thus one of the most Sb-rich binary p-block anions. The unprecedented cluster topology in 3 can be viewed as a defect-version of the one in 4 upon following a "dead end" of cluster growth. The findings indicate that Ge and Sb atoms are at the border of a well-matching and a mismatch elemental combination. We discuss the syntheses, the geometric structures, and the electronic structures of the new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Jan Hempelmann
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany,Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BlvdNanshan District, ShenzhenChina
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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21
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Lehmann B, Röhr C. Endohedral Ten‐Vertex Clusters [Ga@Tl
10
]
8−
in the Mixed Trielides
A
8
GaTl
10
(
A
=K, Rb, Cs). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lehmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Caroline Röhr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
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22
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Zhao C, Meng Y, Chen H. Atomic and Superatomic Orbital Interactions in In8FeNan Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Fang W, Zhu Q, Zhu C. Recent advances in heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds: synthesis, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8434-8449. [PMID: 36164971 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterometallic synergistic effects from different metals, heterometallic clusters are of great importance in small-molecule activation and catalysis. For example, both biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic splitting of water into oxygen are thought to involve multimetallic catalytic sites with d-block transition metals. Benefitting from the larger coordination numbers of f-block metals (rare-earth metals and actinide elements), heterometallic clusters containing f-block metal-metal bonds have long attracted the interest of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Therefore, a series of effective strategies or platforms have been developed in recent years for the construction of heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds. More importantly, synergistic effects between f-block metals and transition metals have been observed in small-molecule activation and catalysis. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also their reactivities and applications. It is hoped that this tutorial review will persuade chemists to develop more efficient strategies to construct clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also further expand their applications with heterometallic synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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24
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Huang Y, Xue Y, Muñoz‐Castro A, Popov IA, Sun Z. [Nb@Ge
13/14
]
3−
: New Family Members of Ge‐Based Intermetalloid Clusters. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202192. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Chemistry The University of Akron Akron OH 44325–3601 USA
| | - Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería Arquitectura y Diseño Universidad San Sebastián Bellavista 7 Santiago 8420524 Chile
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry The University of Akron Akron OH 44325–3601 USA
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P.R. China
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25
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi3)2– Anions (Tr = Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | | | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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26
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Wang Z, Alkan F, Aikens CM, Kurmoo M, Zhang Z, Song K, Tung C, Sun D. An Ultrastable 155‐Nuclei Silver Nanocluster Protected by Thiacalix[4]arene and Cyclohexanethiol for Photothermal Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206742. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering Abdullah Gül University Kayseri Turkey
| | | | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Zhen‐Yi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd. P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Peng Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
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27
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Klementyeva SV, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Oxidation of [Ge 9{Si(SiMe 3) 3} 3] − with LnI 3 (Ln = Eu, Sm, Yb): Isomerism of Metalloid Germanium Clusters. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11787-11795. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen Germany
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28
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Beuthert K, Pan F, Guggolz L, Wilson RJ, Hempelmann J, Dronskowski R, Dehnen S. Between Elemental Match and Mismatch: From K12Ge3.5Sb6 to Salts of (Ge2Sb2)2−, (Ge4Sb12)4−, and (Ge4Sb14)4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jan Hempelmann
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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29
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Liu C, Niu H, Wang D, Gao C, Said A, Liu Y, Wang G, Tung CH, Wang Y. S-Scheme Bi-oxide/Ti-oxide Molecular Hybrid for Photocatalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huihui Niu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Amir Said
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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30
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Wang Z, Alkan F, Aikens CM, Kurmoo M, Zhang Z, Song K, Tung C, Sun D. An Ultrastable 155‐Nuclei Silver Nanocluster Protected by Thiacalix[4]arene and Cyclohexanethiol for Photothermal Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering Abdullah Gül University Kayseri Turkey
| | | | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Zhen‐Yi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd. P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Peng Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
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31
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Tsukamoto T, Kambe T, Yamamoto K. Equable Fine-Tuning Techniques of Bimetallic Co-complexation in Dendrimer for Cluster Synthesis Covering Wide Range of Composition. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
- ERATO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kambe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
- ERATO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
- ERATO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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32
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Liu D, Xu S, Pei G, Xu J, Zhao X, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T. Geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of endohedral Group-14 Zintl clusters TM@E 10 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; E = Ge, Sn, Pb). J Comput Chem 2022; 43:828-838. [PMID: 35332548 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of the title endohedral Zintl clusters have been studied by using ab initio calculations. [Fe@Ge10 ]4- and [Co@Ge10 ]3- have D5h -symmetric pentagonal prismatic structure and [Fe@Sn10 ]4- adopts the C2v -symmetric structure as their ground-state structures, whereas all the other clusters possess D4d bicapped square antiprismatic structures, in consistent with the experimental values when available. Natural bonding orbital and electron localization function disclosed that the negative charges are localized on the central atoms rather than the cages while the TME ionic bonding interactions increase in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that the total bonding energy ∆Eint between central TM and E10 cage is above 150 kcal/mol. The ionic bonding interaction termed as electrostatic interaction ∆Eelstat increases in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb and becomes higher than the covalent bonding interactions termed as total orbital interactions ∆Eorb . Among the total orbital interactions, the π back donations from the TM-d orbitals to the empty cage orbitals consisting of E-p orbitals, the magnitude of which is importantly affected by the cage symmetry, are dominant contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gerui Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xintian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
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33
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Wallach C, Klein W, Fässler TF. Oxidative coupling of silylated nonagermanide clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5486-5489. [PMID: 35416209 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyhedral main group element clusters of tetrel elements are discussed as suitable building units to form atom-precise nano-structures. Herein we report the oxidative coupling of two [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- clusters (TMS = trimethylsilyl) resulting in the dimeric cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]22-. The dimer is structurally characterized as the [NHCiPrCu]+ adduct {NHCiPrCu[Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]}2 [NHCiPr = 1,3-di(isopropyl)imidazolylidine]. The linkage of two molecular [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- anions under formation of an exo Ge-Ge bond occurs in the presence of Cy2BCl (Cy = cyclohexyl) and is mediated by trace amounts of oxygen as indicated by the isolation of the by-product Cy2B-O-BCy2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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34
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Morgan HWT, Shu CC, Sun ZM, McGrady JE. Missing Link in the Growth of Lead-Based Zintl Clusters: Isolation of the Dimeric Plumbaspherene [Cu 4Pb 22] 4. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8007-8017. [PMID: 35451815 PMCID: PMC9100666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here the
structure of an endohedral plumbaspherene, [Cu4Pb22]4–, the gold analogue of
which was previously postulated to be a “missing link”
in the growth of larger clusters containing three and four icosahedral
subunits. The cluster contains two [Cu2Pb11]2– subunits linked through a Cu2Pb4 trigonal antiprism. Density functional theory reveals that the striking
ability of mixed Pb/coinage metal Zintl clusters to oligomerize and,
in the case of Au, to act as a site of nucleation for additional metal
atoms, is a direct consequence of their nd10(n + 1)s0 configuration, which generates
both a low-lying (n + 1)s-based LUMO and also a high-lying
Pb-centered HOMO. Cluster growth and nucleation is then driven by
this amphoteric character, allowing the clusters to form donor–acceptor
interactions between adjacent icosahedral units or to additional metal
atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Cong-Cong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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35
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Xu HL, Tkachenko NV, Szczepanik DW, Popov IA, Muñoz-Castro A, Boldyrev AI, Sun ZM. Symmetry collapse due to the presence of multiple local aromaticity in Ge 244. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2149. [PMID: 35444180 PMCID: PMC9021308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structural changes taking place during the assembly of single atoms leading to the formation of atomic clusters and bulk materials remains challenging. The isolation and theoretical characterization of medium-sized clusters can shed light on the processes that occur during the transition to a solid-state structure. In this work, we synthesize and isolate a continuous 24-atom cluster Ge244−, which is characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, showing an elongated structural characteristic. Theoretical analysis reveals that electron delocalization plays a vital role in the formation and stabilization of the prolate cluster. In contrast with carbon atoms, 4 s orbitals of Ge-atoms do not easily hybridize with 4p orbitals and s-type lone-pairs can be localized with high occupancy. Thus, there are not enough electrons to form a stable symmetrical fullerene-like structure such as C24 fullerene. Three aromatic units with two [Ge9] and one [Ge6] species, connected by classical 2c-2e Ge-Ge σ-bonds, are aligned together forming three independent shielding cones and eventually causing a collapse of the global symmetry of the Ge244− cluster. Gaining insight on the structural transformations from atomic clusters to bulk materials is challenging. Here the authors synthesize a continuous cluster of germanium Ge244−, which can be viewed as two terminal Ge9 units bridged via a Ge6 central fragment, and characterize it by several techniques including X-ray diffraction; theoretical analysis indicates the presence of three aligned independent aromatic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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36
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Huang YS, Chen D, Zhu J, Sun ZM. [(CrGe9)Cr2(CO)13]4−: A disubstituted case of ten-vertex closo cluster with spherical aromaticity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Zhou Z, McNeely J, Greenough J, Wei Z, Han H, Rouzières M, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Lanthanide-mediated tuning of electronic and magnetic properties in heterotrimetallic cyclooctatetraenyl multidecker self-assemblies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3864-3874. [PMID: 35432895 PMCID: PMC8966735 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel family of homoleptic COT-based heterotrimetallic self-assemblies bearing the formula [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) is reported followed by their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterization. All crystals conform to the monoclinic P21/c space group with a slight compression of the unit cell from 3396.4(2) Å3 to 3373.2(4) Å3 along the series. All complexes exhibit a triple-decker structure having the Ln(iii) and K(i) ions sandwiched by three COT2− ligands with an end-bound {Ca2+(THF)3} moiety to form a non-linear (153.5°) arrangement of three different metals. The COT2− ligands act in a η8-mode with respect to all metal centers. A detailed structural comparison of this unique set of heterotrimetallic complexes has revealed consistent trends along the series. From Gd to Yb, the Ln to ring-centroid distance decreases from 1.961(3) Å to 1.827(2) Å. In contrast, the separation of K(i) and Ca(ii) ions from the COT-centroid (2.443(3) and 1.914(3) Å, respectively) is not affected by the change of Ln(iii) ions. The magnetic property investigation of the [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] series (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) reveals that the Dy, Er, and Tm complexes display slow relaxation of their magnetization, in other words, single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. This behaviour is dominated by thermally activated (Orbach-like) and quantum tunneling processes for [DyKCa(COT)3(THF)3] in contrast to [ErKCa(COT)3(THF)3], in which the thermally activated and Raman processes appear to be relevant. Details of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of these complexes are further clarified with the help of DFT and ab initio theoretical calculations. A new class of heterotrimetallic COT-based self-assemblies accommodates metals from groups I–III in three different oxidation states and enables tuning of electronic and magnetic properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA USA
| | - Joshua Greenough
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Haixiang Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Mathieu Rouzières
- Univ. of Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. of Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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38
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Wallach C, Klein W, Fässler TF. Nonagermanide Zintl Clusters with Mg2+ Counter Ions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Friedrich Fässler
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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39
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Xu HL, Qiao L, Sun ZM. [Co 2@(Ge 17Ni)] 4-: the first edge-sharing double-cage endohedral germanide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3190-3193. [PMID: 35171154 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new double-cage endohedral Ge cluster, [Co2@(Ge17Ni)]4-, fused through two [Co@(Ge9Ni)] moieties with a shared Ni-Ge edge. This ternary Co-Ge-Ni species not only represents the first double-cage example of an 18-vertex Zintl cluster, but also fills in the missing link of the edge fusion model in the double-cage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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40
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41
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Lin L, Wang Y, Xu L. Charge and Configuration Evolution of Intermetalloid Clusters [(Ge9)2M]q− (M/q = Ge/4, In/5, Cd/6, and K/7). Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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42
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Tsukamoto T, Tomozawa K, Moriai T, Yoshida N, Kambe T, Yamamoto K. Highly Accurate Synthesis of Quasi‐sub‐nanoparticles by Dendron‐assembled Supramolecular Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114353. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- PRESTO, JST Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- ERATO, JST Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kosuke Tomozawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry School of Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Nozomi Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kambe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- ERATO, JST Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- ERATO, JST Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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43
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Vitova T, Roesky PW, Dehnen S. Open questions on bonding involving lanthanide atoms. Commun Chem 2022; 5:12. [PMID: 36697796 PMCID: PMC9814189 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - P W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - S Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.
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44
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Yang YN, Qiao L, Sun ZM. [Cd(Sn9)2]6− and [Cd(Ni@Sn9)2]6−: Reactivity and coordination chemistry of empty and Ni-centered [Sn9]4− Zintl ions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica‐Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Heteroallene Capture and Exchange at Functionalised Heptaphosphane Clusters. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103737. [PMID: 34851528 PMCID: PMC9300033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades the chemical reactivity of homoatomic seven-atom phosphorus clusters towards small molecules remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that neutral tris(silyl) functionalised heptaphosphane (P7 (SiR3 )3 ) cages are capable of heteroallene capture between the P-Si bonds of the cluster. A range of isocyanates and an isothiocyanate were investigated. In the case of isocyanates, silyl bonding at oxygen or nitrogen is regioselectively directed by the functional group on the isocyanate and substituents on the silyl moiety. Above all, we find that captured isothiocyanate molecules can be exchanged for isocyanate molecules, indicative of small molecule catch and release. Small molecule catch and release at these Zintl-derived clusters reveals their potential application as chemical storage materials or as reusable probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction FacilityUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
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46
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Wu Z, Nußbruch I, Nier S, Dehnen S. Ionothermal Access to Defined Oligomers of Supertetrahedral Selenido Germanate Clusters. JACS AU 2022; 2:204-213. [PMID: 35098237 PMCID: PMC8790736 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supertetrahedral chalcogenido (semi)metalate clusters have been in the focus of inorganic and materials chemistry for many years owing to a variety of outstanding physical and chemical properties. However, a critical drawback in the canon of studying corresponding compounds has been the lack of control in assembling the supertetrahedral units, which have been known as either highly charged monomeric cluster anions or lower charged, yet extended anionic substructures of linked clusters. The latter is the reason for the predominance of applications of such materials in heterogeneous environment, or their solubilization by organic shielding, which in turn was unfavorable regarding the optical properties. Recently, we reported a partial alkylation of such clusters, which allowed for a significantly enhanced solubility at a marginal impact on the optical gap. Herein we showcase the formation of finite cluster oligomers of supertetrahedral architectures by ionothermal syntheses. We were successful in generating the unprecedented dimers and tetramers of the [Ge4Se10]4- anion in salts with imidazolium-based ionic liquid counterions. The oligomers exhibit lower average negative charges and thus reduced electrostatic interactions between anionic clusters and cationic counterions. As a consequence, the salts readily dissolve in common solvents like DMF. Besides, the tetrameric [Ge16Se36]8- anion represents the largest discrete chalcogenide cluster of a group 14 element. We prove that undestroyed cluster oligomers can be transferred into solution by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and provide a full set of characteristics of the compounds including crystal structures and optical properties.
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Yamamoto K, Tsukamoto T, Tomozawa K, Moriai T, Yoshida N, Kambe T. Highly Accurate Synthesis of Quasi‐sub‐nanoparticles by Dendron‐assembled Supramolecular Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Chemical Resourses Laboratory 4259 Nagatsuta 226-8503 Yokohama JAPAN
| | | | - Kosuke Tomozawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology: Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku IIR-CLS JAPAN
| | | | - Nozomi Yoshida
- Tokyo Institute of Technology: Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku IIR-CLS JAPAN
| | - Tetsuya Kambe
- Tokyo Institute of Technology: Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku IIR-CLS JAPAN
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48
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Zhang WQ, Morgan HWT, McGrady JE, Sun ZM. Synthesis and characterisation of the ternary intermetalloid clusters {M@[As8(ZnMes)4]}3– (M = Nb, Ta) from binary [M@As8]3– precursors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6744-6748. [PMID: 35756517 PMCID: PMC9172560 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of rational synthetic routes to inorganic arsenide compounds is an important goal because these materials are finding applications in many areas of materials science. In this paper, we show that the binary crown clusters [M@As8]3− (M = Nb, Ta) can be used as synthetic precursors which, when combined with ZnMes2, generate ternary intermetalloid clusters with 12-vertex cages, {M@[As8(ZnMes)4]}3− (M = Nb, Ta). Structural studies are complemented by mass spectrometry and an analysis of the electronic structure using DFT. The synthesis of these clusters presents new opportunities for the construction of As-based nanomaterials. Two ternary intermetalloid clusters were constructed through binary intermetalloid clusters with a low valent group 12 metal salt. These clusters represent the first example of the structural transformation for intermetalloid clusters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
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49
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McGrady JE, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Electronic structure and bonding in endohedral Zintl clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:628-649. [PMID: 34931207 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral Zintl clusters-multi-metallic anionic molecules in which a d-block or f-block metal atom is enclosed by p-block (semi)metal atoms-are very topical in contemporary inorganic chemistry. Not only do they provide insight into the embryonic states of intermetallic compounds and show promise in catalytic applications, they also shed light on the nature of chemical bonding between metal atoms. Over the past two decades, a plethora of endohedral Zintl clusters have been synthesized, revealing a fascinating diversity of molecular architectures. Many different perspectives on the bonding in them have emerged in the literature, sometimes complementary and sometimes conflicting, and there has been no concerted effort to classify the entire family based on a small number of unifying principles. A closer look, however, reveals distinct patterns in structure and bonding that reflect the extent to which valence electrons are shared between the endohedral atom and the cluster shell. We show that there is a much more uniform relationship between the total valence electron count and the structure and bonding patterns of these clusters than previously anticipated. All of the p-block (semi)metal shells can be placed on a ladder of total valence electron count that ranges between 4n+2 (closo deltahedra), 5n (closed, three-bonded polyhedra) and 6n (crown-like structures). Although some structural isomerism can occur for a given electron count, the presence of a central metal cation imposes a preference for rather regular and approximately spherical structures which maximise electrostatic interactions between the metal and the shell. In cases where the endohedral metal has relatively accessible valence electrons (from the d or f shells), it can also contribute its valence electrons to the total electron count of the cluster shell, raising the effective electron count and often altering the structural preferences. The electronic situation in any given cluster is considered from different perspectives, some more physical and some more chemical, in a way that highlights the important point that, in the end, they explain the same situation. This article provides a unifying perspective of bonding that captures the structural diversity across this diverse family of multimetallic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E McGrady
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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50
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Kauzlarich SM, Ju Z, Tseng E, Lundervold J. Recent developments in germanium containing clusters in intermetallics and nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13236-13252. [PMID: 34726681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic clusters can be described as building blocks in intermetallics, compounds prepared from all metals and/or semi-metals, and in Zintl phases, a subset of intermetallics containing metals with large differences in electronegativity. In many cases, these intermetallic and Zintl phases provide the first clue for the possibilities of bond formation between metals and semi-metals. Recent advances in multimetallic clusters found in Zintl phases and nanoparticles focusing on Ge with transition metals and semi-metals is presented. Colloidal routes to Ge nanocrystals provide an opportunity for kinetically stabilized Ge-metal and Ge-semi-metal bonding. These routes provide crystalline nanoclusters of Ge, hereafter referred to as nanocrystals, that can be structurally characterized. Compositions of Ge nanocrystals containing transition metals, and the semi-metals, Sb, Bi, and Sn, whose structures have recently been elucidated through EXAFS, will be presented along with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Kauzlarich
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Zheng Ju
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Emily Tseng
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jesse Lundervold
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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