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Zhang H, Xu H, Qin B, Fu Y, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Qin C. Review on the sources, distribution and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 275:121387. [PMID: 40086577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2025] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered increasing global attention due to their widespread occurrence in groundwater and the potential health risks to humans. This review aimed to clarify the occurrence and treatment of PFAS in groundwater by summarizing literature published in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 2000 to April 2024. Information on 461 reported PFAS-contaminated groundwater sites was compiled, revealing key characteristics of pollution sources and concentrations. The data indicated that firefighting training activities were a major source of PFAS groundwater contamination, accounting for 41 % of cases, followed by other fluorinated industrial activities, landfill leachate, and wastewater leakage. Non-point sources, such as atmospheric deposition, contributed to a lesser extent. The concentrations distribution of 25 PFAS showed a chain-length dependency, with short-chain PFAS generally exhibiting higher concentrations than long-chain PFAS. Additionally, the review systematically examined the application of separation methods and destructive methods at both laboratory and pilot/field-scales for PFAS-contaminated groundwater. Resins were favored for ex-situ treatment, whereas colloidal activated carbon (CAC) was more commonly used for in-situ treatment. In-situ direct injection of CAC was considered a highly promising approach for remediating PFAS source zones and plumes, offering advantages such as minimal surface disruption, high adsorption capacity and long-term effectiveness. Finally, the research focus and development trends in categories and treatment methods for PFAS in groundwater were noted. Overall, this review identified research gaps in the occurrence and treatment of PFAS in groundwater, and suggested further optimization of CAC-based methods to address the challenges of PFAS-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., LTD, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chuanyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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2
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Glass S, Kannan H, Bangala J, Chen Y, Metz J, Mowzoon-Mogharrabi R, Gao G, Meiyazhagan AK, Wong MS, Ajayan PM, Senftle TP, Alvarez PJJ. Iron Doping of hBN Enhances the Photocatalytic Oxidative Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:22803-22811. [PMID: 40153528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2025]
Abstract
There is a growing need to effectively eliminate perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from contaminated water, which requires extensive defluorination. Photocatalysis offers potential for PFOA degradation under ambient conditions without the need for treatment chemicals. However, photocatalytic treatment generally results in limited defluorination and, thus, incomplete elimination of potential toxicity and liability. This underscores the need to advance mechanistic understanding of the factors limiting PFOA oxidative defluorination. Here, we tested the hypothesis that direct electron transfer from PFOA to transition metals enhances photocatalytic defluorination. We developed a novel, facile approach to simultaneously functionalize and dope hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) (which is known to effectively catalyze photocatalytic PFOA oxidation) with Fe(III), using deep-eutectic solvents (DES). Addition of Fe(III) to synthesize Fe-hBN created new active sites for PFOA oxidation and doubled the defluorination extent (>40% fluoride release from initial 50 mg L-1 PFOA) compared to undoped hBN in 4 h reactions under 254 nm irradiation (64.4 W m-2). The mechanism of defluorination was elucidated through scavenger experiments that show the importance of photocatalytically generated electron holes for initiating PFOA degradation. Experiments also suggest that Fe(III) played a key role in PFOA removal, contributing to the improved extent of defluorination over undoped hBN. Density functional theory indicates that Fe(III) sites enable electrostatic adsorption of PFOA to the catalyst surface, enhance charge transfer, and promote hole localization to improve charge carrier separation, which is essential for oxidative defluorination of PFOA. This mechanistic insight informs catalytic material design to enhance oxidative defluorination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Glass
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Rice WaTER Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Harikishan Kannan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Johanna Bangala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jordin Metz
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Riaz Mowzoon-Mogharrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar Meiyazhagan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Rice WaTER Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Rice WaTER Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Thomas P Senftle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Rice WaTER Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Rice WaTER Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Gates K, Rai S, Pramanik A, Kolawole OP, Kundu S, Ucak-Astarlioglu M, Shukla MK, Al-Ostaz A, Ray PC. Insight into the Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism for "Forever Chemicals" PFNA by Reduced Graphene Oxide/WO 3 Nanoflower Heterostructures. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:10675-10684. [PMID: 40124034 PMCID: PMC11923664 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Water contamination with "forever chemicals" like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) poses significant toxicity to the environment. Since they are the most persistent synthetic chemicals that hardly degrade in the natural environment and are carcinogenic to humans, there is an urgent need to discover novel processes for destroying PFAS. Herein, we report on the design of a reduced graphene oxide (r-GO)/WO3 nanoflower (WO3-NF)-based heterostructure for harnessing 365 nm light-driven photocatalytic oxidation and reduction process toward the photocatalytic degradation of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Moreover, reported data reveal that using an r-GO/WO3-NF heterostructure photocatalyst, 100% PFNA degradation and 14% defluorination can be achieved in the presence of isopropyl alcohol as the hydroxy radical (•OH) quencher or glucose as a hot hole (h+) quencher after exposure to 365 nm light for 22 h. A reported mechanistic study shows synergistic oxidation and reduction processes are vital for the complete degradation of PFNA, where the hydrated electron (eaq -) plays a key role as a reducing agent and h+ and •OH act as oxidation agents. Furthermore, the photocatalytic destruction mechanism study indicates that chain shortening via C-C bond breaking and defluorination via C-F bond breaking are major pathways for PFNA degradation. A wavelength-dependent study shows that only 22% degradation can be achieved after exposure to 532 nm light for 22 h, which is due to the lack of the formation of hydrated electrons (eaq -). The current study sheds light on the construction of the r-GO/WO3 NF heterojunction for the highly efficient degradation of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelin Gates
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Shivangee Rai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Avijit Pramanik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Olorunsola Praise Kolawole
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Sanchita Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Manoj K. Shukla
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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4
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Arima Y, Okayasu Y, Yoshioka D, Nagai Y, Kobayashi Y. Multiphoton-Driven Photocatalytic Defluorination of Persistent Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Polymers by Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408687. [PMID: 38896058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated polymers (FPs) have been extensively utilized in various industries, whereas their extremely high stability poses environmental persistence and difficulty in waste treatment. Current decomposition approaches of PFASs and FPs typically require harsh conditions such as heating over 400 °C. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop a new technique capable of decomposing them under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrated that perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), known as a "persistent chemical," and Nafion, a widely utilized sulfonated FP for ion-exchange membranes, can be efficiently decomposed into fluorine ions under ambient conditions via the irradiation of visible LED light onto semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). PFOS was completely defluorinated within 8-h irradiation of 405-nm LED light, and the turnover number of the C-F bond dissociation per NC was 17200. Furthermore, 81 % defluorination of Nafion was achieved for 24-h light irradiation, demonstrating the efficient photocatalytic properties under visible light. We revealed that this decomposition is driven by cooperative mechanisms involving light-induced ligand displacements and Auger-induced electron injections via hydrated electrons and higher excited states. This study not only demonstrates the feasibility of efficiently breaking down various PFASs and FPs under mild conditions but also paves the way for advancing toward a sustainable fluorine-recycling society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Arima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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5
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Das Bairagya M, Ntipouna PS, Stewart NK, Elgrishi N. A molecular metal-organic cage as a recyclable sponge for PFOS removal from water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:11084-11087. [PMID: 39291800 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
A metal-organic cage (MOC) is shown to be an efficient molecular sponge for PFOS. A large association constant is observed for the 2 : 1 PFOS : MOC host-guest complex. Up to 12 equivalents of PFOS per MOC are removed from water. The recycling procedure developed allows for the recovery and reuse of the MOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Das Bairagya
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | - P Sophie Ntipouna
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | - Natalie K Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | - Noémie Elgrishi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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6
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Gong J, Zhang X, Liang R, Ma J, Yang N, Cai K, Wu J, Xie Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Liao Q. Rapidly enrichment and detection of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foods using a novel bifunctional covalent organic framework. Food Chem 2024; 447:139016. [PMID: 38513494 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extensively found in foods, posing potential toxicity to humans. Therefore, rapid analysis and monitoring of PFASs in foods are crucial for public health and also a challenge. To detect trace PFASs in foods, construction of sorbents with multiple interactions could be an effective approach. Herein, a cationic-fluorinated covalent organic framework (CF-COF) was prepared by post-modification and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for adsorption of PFASs. By combining magnetic solid-phase extraction based on CF-COF with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS/MS), a novel method was developed for determination of eight long-chain PFASs in foods. Under optimized conditions, the method exhibited low detection limits (0.003-0.019 ng/g) and satisfactory recovery rates (73.5-118%) for PFASs. This study introduces a novel idea for the development of adsorbents targeting PFASs, along with a new analytical method for monitoring of PFASs in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Rongyao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Juanqiong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Kaiwei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Jinyun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China..
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China..
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7
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Shan Y, Hao H, Yin Y, Hu N, Zhan M, Ma D, Yin Y, Jiao W, Wick LY. Effects of Temperature and DC Electric Fields on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Sorption Kinetics to Activated Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5987-5995. [PMID: 38504492 PMCID: PMC10993889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sorption to activated carbon is a common approach to reducing environmental risks of waterborne perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while effective and flexible approaches to PFOA sorption are needed. Variations in temperature or the use of electrokinetic phenomena (electroosmosis and electromigration) in the presence of external DC electric fields have been shown to alter the contaminant sorption of contaminants. Their role in PFOA sorption, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the joint effects of DC electric fields and the temperature on the sorption of PFOA on activated carbon. Temperature-dependent batch and column sorption experiments were performed in the presence and absence of DC fields, and the results were evaluated by using different kinetic sorption models. We found an emerging interplay of DC and temperature on PFOA sorption, which was linked via the liquid viscosity (η) of the electrolyte. For instance, the combined presence of a DC field and low temperature increased the PFOA loading up to 38% in 48 h relative to DC-free controls. We further developed a model that allowed us to predict temperature- and DC field strength-dependent electrokinetic benefits on the drivers of PFOA sorption kinetics (i.e., intraparticle diffusivity and the film mass transfer coefficient). Our insights may give rise to future DC- and temperature-driven applications for PFOA sorption, for instance, in response to fluctuating PFOA concentrations in contaminated water streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Shan
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Hao
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuzhou Yin
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiwen Hu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- College
of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lukas Y. Wick
- Department
of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
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8
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Qi Y, Yang Y, Cui S, Tang X, Zhang P, Wang C, Liang Y, Sun H, Ma C, Xing B. Novel Defluorination Pathways of Perfluoroether Compounds (GenX): α-Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticle Layer Retains Higher Concentrations of Effective Hydrated Electrons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5567-5577. [PMID: 38488517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient defluorination technology is an important issue because the kind of emerging pollutant of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) as an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has the higher environmental risks. In the UV/bisulfite system, we first developed a hydrophobic confined α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle layer rich in oxygen vacancies, which accelerated the enrichment of HSO3- and GenX on the surface and pores through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction, retaining more hydrated electrons (eaq-) and rapidly destroying GenX under UV excitation. Especially, under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, the degradation percentage of GenX obtain nearly 100%, defluorination of GenX to 88 and 57% respectively. It was amazed to find that the three parallel H/F exchange pathways triggered by the rapid reactions of eaq- and GenX, which were unique to anaerobic conditions, improved the efficiency of fluoride removal and weaken the interference of dissolved oxygen and H+. Therefore, this study provided an available material and mechanism for sustainable fluoride removal from wastewater in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yinbo Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Shengyan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Abdelhamid HN, Sultan S, Mathew AP. Three-Dimensional Printing of Cellulose/Covalent Organic Frameworks (CelloCOFs) for CO 2 Adsorption and Water Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59795-59805. [PMID: 38095170 PMCID: PMC10755704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of porous organic polymers, specifically covalent organic frameworks (COFs), has facilitated the advancement of numerous applications. Nevertheless, the limited availability of COFs solely in powder form imposes constraints on their potential applications. Furthermore, it is worth noting that COFs tend to undergo aggregation, leading to a decrease in the number of active sites available within the material. This work presents a comprehensive methodology for the transformation of a COF into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds using the technique of 3D printing. As part of the 3D printing process, a composite material called CelloCOF was created by combining cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), sodium alginate, and COF materials (i.e., COF-1 and COF-2). The intervention successfully mitigated the agglomeration of the COF nanoparticles, resulting in the creation of abundant active sites that can be effectively utilized for adsorption purposes. The method of 3D printing can be described as a simple and basic procedure that can be adapted to accommodate hierarchical porous materials with distinct micro- and macropore regimes. This technology demonstrates versatility in its use across a range of COF materials. The adsorption capacities of 3D CelloCOF materials were evaluated for three different adsorbates: carbon dioxide (CO2), heavy metal ions, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The results showed that the materials exhibited adsorption capabilities of 19.9, 7.4-34, and 118.5-410.8 mg/g for CO2, PFOS, and heavy metals, respectively. The adsorption properties of the material were found to be outstanding, exhibiting a high degree of recyclability and exceptional selectivity. Based on our research findings, it is conceivable that the utilization of custom-designed composites based on COFs could present new opportunities in the realm of water and air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Division
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre (NTRC), The British University
in Egypt (BUE), Suez
Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, El-Shorouk City 11837, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Sultan
- Division
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Division
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
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10
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Wen J, Li H, Ottosen LDM, Lundqvist J, Vergeynst L. Comparison of the photocatalytic degradability of PFOA, PFOS and GenX using Fe-zeolite in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140344. [PMID: 37802482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the photocatalytic degradability of the emerging poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in water, specifically GenX, is limited. GenX has been detected globally in river water and is considered potentially more toxic than legacy PFAS. In this study, we compared the photocatalytic degradability of GenX with the legacy compounds perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using Fe-zeolite photocatalysts. After 7 h of irradiation, GenX showed lower removal (79%) and defluorination (33%) as compared to PFOA (100% removal and 69% defluorination) and PFOS (100% removal and 51% defluorination). The quasi-first-order degradation rate of GenX (1.5 h1) was 12 and 1.2 times lower than PFOA (18.4 h-1) and PFOS (1.8 h-1), respectively. Additionally, PFOA's defluorination rate (0.9 h-1) was approximately 2.6 and 9 times higher than GenX (0.35 h-1) and PFOS (0.1 h-1), respectively. These outcomes correlate with GenX's lower hydrophobicity, leading to reduced adsorption (40%) compared to PFOA (99%) and PFOS (87%). Based on identified transformation products, we proposed a GenX degradation pathway, resulting in ultra-short-chain PFASs with a chain length of 2 and 3 carbon atoms, while PFOA and PFOS degraded stepwise, losing 1 carbon-fluorine bond at a time, leading to gradually shorter chain lengths (from 7 to 2 carbon atoms). In conclusion, GenX is more challenging to remove and degrade due to its lower adsorption on the photocatalyst, potential steric hindrance, and higher production of persistent ultra-short-chain transformation products through photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wen
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Huarui Li
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, 30, Qingquan RD, Laishan District, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Lars Ditlev Mørck Ottosen
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leendert Vergeynst
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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11
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Gawel A, Sühnholz S, Georgi A, Kopinke FD, Mackenzie K. Fe-zeolites for the adsorption and oxidative degradation of nitroaromatic compounds in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132125. [PMID: 37515994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are prominent explosives. In this context, these toxic substances were released into the environment and cause long-lasting groundwater contamination. In preparation of a possible in-situ remediation, colloidal Fe-zeolites were investigated for their capabilities as adsorbents and oxidation catalysts. It was shown that the Fe-zeolites FeBEA35 and FeFAU55 are potent inorganic adsorbents for NACs and simultaneously capable of activating H2O2 as Fenton-like oxidation catalysts. Adsorption isotherms of 15 NACs on both zeolites were measured to evaluate the option of coupling adsorptive contaminant enrichment with oxidative degradation. The faujasite-type zeolite FeFAU55 showed a distinct S-type adsorption behaviour and reached significantly higher NAC loadings of > 20 wt%. For FeBEA35, L-type adsorption isotherms and maximum loadings qmax of about 4 wt% were obtained. Degradation of all NACs, monitored by nitrate formation, was observed. Apparent rate constants of the NACs with hydroxyl radicals in a homogeneous, stoichiometric Fenton reaction were related to the heterogeneous system to examine the role of adsorption on the oxidative degradation. Beneficial influence of the adsorption on the oxidation rates was identified. The results of this work open up promising prospects for future application of Fe-zeolites for the in-situ remediation of NAC-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gawel
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Paul-Baumann-Str. 1, D-45772 Marl, Germany.
| | - Sarah Sühnholz
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Intrapore GmbH, Katernberger Str. 107, D-45327 Essen, Germany
| | - Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank-Dieter Kopinke
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Mackenzie
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Mancinelli M, Martucci A, Salani GM, Bianchini G, Gigli L, Plaisier JR, Colombo F. High temperature behaviour of Ag-exchanged Y zeolites used for PFAS sequestration from water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20066-20075. [PMID: 37462392 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds which have recently drawn great attention due to their high biological, chemical and physical stability and lipid/water repelling properties. The present work aims to provide for the first time insights on the thermal behaviour of Ag-exchanged Y zeolite loaded with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8HF15O2) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8HF17O3S) emphasizing the close link between crystal structure and desorption/dehydration processes. Elemental and isotopic abundance of carbon analysis, thermal analysis, and in situ high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction were used to evaluate critically if the thermal regeneration affects the initial zeolites structural features. Rietveld refinements revealed that PFAS sites are emptied in the 550-650 °C temperature range, when the thermal degradation of PFOA and PFOS are reached. The crystallinity of the samples is not affected by the adsorption/desorption processes. Upon heating, the removal of both PFAS and coadsorbed water molecules induced a cation migration of the silver ions and changes of initial geometry of the framework. The dimensions of the channels remain comparable to those of the pristine materials thus suggesting the potential re-use of the samples in other adsorption PFAS cycles. Additionally, once regenerated and reloaded Ag-exchanged Y can re-adsorb PFAS in amounts comparable to that adsorbed in the first cycle with clear benefits on the costs of the whole water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Mancinelli
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Martucci
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gian Marco Salani
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bianchini
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Beamline, Strada Statale 14 - km 163, 5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jasper Rikkert Plaisier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Beamline, Strada Statale 14 - km 163, 5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Colombo
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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13
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Huang L, Wang W, Gu C, Zhang M, Chen Z. Photochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid under UV irradiation in the presence of Fe (III)-saturated montmorillonite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162760. [PMID: 36906035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has attracted worldwide attention owing to its widespread distribution and potential ecological risks. Developing low-cost, green-chemical and highly efficient treatment approaches is significant for treating PFOA caused environmental issues. Herein, we propose a feasible PFOA degradation strategy under UV irradiation by adding Fe (III)-saturated montmorillonite (Fe-MMT), and the Fe-MMT could be regenerated after reaction. In our system consisting of 1 g L-1 Fe-MMT and 24 μM PFOA, nearly 90 % initial PFOA could be decomposed within 48 h. The enhanced PFOA decomposition could be explained by the ligand-to-metal charge transfer mechanism based on the generated reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and the transformation of iron species in the MMT layers. Moreover, the special PFOA degradation pathway was revealed according to the intermediate identification and the density functional theory calculation. Further experiments demonstrated that even in the presence of co-existing natural organic natter (NOM) and inorganic ions, efficient PFOA removal could still be obtained in UV/Fe-MMT system. This study offers a green-chemical strategy for PFOA removal from contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Zhanghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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14
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Liang J, Guo L, Xiang B, Wang X, Tang J, Liu Y. Research Updates on the Mechanism and Influencing Factors of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water Environments. Molecules 2023; 28:4489. [PMID: 37298966 PMCID: PMC10254205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid is ubiquitous in water bodies and is detrimental to the health of organisms. Effectively removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, has been a hot topic around the world. With traditional physical, chemical, and biological methods, it is difficult to effectively and completely remove PFOA, the costs are high, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. There are difficulties in applying some technologies. Therefore, more efficient and green degradation technologies have been sought. Photochemical degradation has been shown to be a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable technique for PFOA removal from water. Photocatalytic degradation technology offers great potential and prospects for the efficient degradation of PFOA. Most studies on PFOA have been conducted under ideal laboratory conditions at concentrations that are higher than those detected in real wastewater. This paper summarizes the research status of the photo-oxidative degradation of PFOA, and it summarizes the mechanism and kinetics of PFOA degradation in different systems, as well as the influence of key factors on the photo-oxidative degradation and defluoridation process, such as system pH, photocatalyst concentration, etc. PFOA photodegradation technology's existing problems and future work directions are also presented. This review provides a useful reference for future research on PFOA pollution control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China; (J.L.)
| | - Lingling Guo
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang 122000, China
| | - Biao Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China; (J.L.)
| | - Xueyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China; (J.L.)
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China; (J.L.)
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China; (J.L.)
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15
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Aumeier BM, Georgi A, Saeidi N, Sigmund G. Is sorption technology fit for the removal of persistent and mobile organic contaminants from water? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163343. [PMID: 37030383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances are a growing threat to water security and safety. Many of these substances are distinctively different from other more traditional contaminants in terms of their charge, polarity, and aromaticity. This results in distinctively different sorption affinities towards traditional sorbents such as activated carbon. Additionally, an increasing awareness on the environmental impact and carbon footprint of sorption technologies puts some of the more energy-intensive practices in water treatment into question. Commonly used approaches may thus need to be readjusted to become fit for purpose to remove some of the more challenging PMT and vPvM substances, including for example short chained per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We here critically review the interactions that drive sorption of organic compounds to activated carbon and related sorbent materials and identify opportunities and limitations of tailoring activated carbon for PMT and vPvM removal. Other less traditional sorbent materials, including ion exchange resins, modified cyclodextrins, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks are then discussed for potential alternative or complementary use in water treatment scenarios. Sorbent regeneration approaches are evaluated in terms of their potential, considering reusability, potential for on-site regeneration, and potential for local production. In this context, we also discuss the benefits of coupling sorption to destructive technologies or to other separation technologies. Finally, we sketch out possible future trends in the evolution of sorption technologies for PMT and vPvM removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Aumeier
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Navid Saeidi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Hu J, Qiu Y, Gu B, Yao N, Lou Z, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Yu J. Enhancement mechanism of magnetite on the ball-milling destruction of perfluorooctane sulfonate by iron. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121014. [PMID: 36608727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (Fe) is commonly employed as an additive for the mechanochemical destruction (MCD) of organic pollutants. The poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS) are a class of toxic environmental pollutants that are difficult to effectively degrade due to their thermodynamic and chemical stability. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) was applied to improve the milling performance of Fe to PFOS and its promoting mechanisms were emphatically explored. The desulfurization rate was in ahead of the defluorination rate because the C-S bond is less stable than the C-F bonds in PFOS. Fe3O4 had an excellent reinforcement effect on the milling performance of Fe, which was mainly through accelerating the electron transfer as a conductor, reacting with Fe to produce FeO, and facilitating the formation of HO●. During the MCD of PFOS with Fe/Fe3O4 as an additive, HO● played a dominant role in the defluorination process (accounting for >67%). After the elimination of sulfonate group (-SO3-), the produced radical (C7F15CF2●) continued to react through two main pathways: one was the stepwise defluorination after hydrogenation, and the other one was oxidation reaction after alcoholization to yield the corresponding aldehydes and carboxylic acids. The optimum Fe fraction (MFe) was 30%, and air atmosphere was more effective than oxygen and nitrogen conditions. This study helps to comprehensively understand the role of Fe3O4 in defluorination and fills the gap of Fe/Fe3O4 application in the MCD of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Zhejiang Tianyi Environmental Co., Ltd., 2 Youzhi Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Nv Yao
- Zhoushan Solidwaste Pollution Prevention and Control Center, 681 Haitian Avenue, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Zimo Lou
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xianzhao Zhang
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianming Yu
- College of Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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17
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Critical analysis of the role of various iron-based heterogeneous catalysts for advanced oxidation processes: A state of the art review. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Arana Juve JM, Li F, Zhu Y, Liu W, Ottosen LDM, Zhao D, Wei Z. Concentrate and degrade PFOA with a photo-regenerable composite of In-doped TNTs@AC. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134495. [PMID: 35390412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Concentrate-and-degrade" is an effective strategy to promote mass transfer and degradation of pollutants in photocatalytic systems, yet suitable and cost-effective photocatalysts are required to practice the new concept. In this study, we doped a post-transition metal of Indium (In) on a novel composite adsorptive photocatalyst, activated carbon-supported titanate nanotubes (TNTs@AC), to effectively degrade perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In/TNTs@AC exhibited both excellent PFOA adsorption (>99% in 30 min) and photodegradation (>99% in 4 h) under optimal conditions (25 °C, pH 7, 1 atm, 1 g/L catalyst, 0.1 mg/L PFOA, 254 nm). The heterojunction structure of the composite facilitated a cooperative adsorption mode of PFOA, i.e., binding of the carboxylic head group of PFOA to the metal oxide and attachment of the hydrophobic tail to AC. The resulting side-on adsorption mode facilitates the electron (e‒) transfer from the carboxylic head to the photogenerated hole (h+), which was the major oxidant verified by scavenger tests. Furthermore, the presence of In enables direct electron transfer and facilitates the subsequent stepwise defluorination. Finally, In/TNTs@AC was amenable to repeated uses in four consecutive adsorption-photodegradation runs. The findings showed that adsorptive photocatalysts can be prepared by hybridization of carbon and photoactive semiconductors and the enabled "concentrate-and-degrade" strategy is promising for the removal and degradation of trace levels of PFOA from polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Max Arana Juve
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangmo Zhu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lars D M Ottosen
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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19
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Li M, Jin YT, Yan JF, Liu Z, Feng NX, Han W, Huang LW, Li QK, Yeung KL, Zhou SQ, Mo CH. Exploration of perfluorooctane sulfonate degradation properties and mechanism via electron-transfer dominated radical process. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118259. [PMID: 35294910 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) widely used in lubricants, surfactant, textiles, paper coatings, cosmetics, and fire-fighting foams can release a large deal of organics contaminants into wastewater and pose great risks to the health of humans and eco-environments. Although advanced oxidation processes can effectively deconstruct various organic contaminants via reactive radicals, the stable structure of PFCs makes it difficult to be degraded. Here, we confirm that electrochemical oxidation process coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) reaction can efficiently destroy stable structure of PFCs via electron transfer and meanwhile completely degrade PFCs via generated active radicals. We further studies via capturing and scavenging radicals, and DFT calculations find that electron hydroxyl radials play a dominant role in degrading PFCs. Based on the calculations of adsorption energy and molecular orbital energy we further demonstrate that many active sites on the surface of Ti4O7 (1 0 4) plane can rapidly take part in electrochemical reaction for generating radials and removing organic contaminants. These results give a promising insight towards high-effective and deep degradation of PFCs via electrochemical reaction coupled with advanced oxidation processes, as well as providing guidance and technical support for the remove of multiple organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR. China
| | - Yu-Ting Jin
- School of Environmental and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Fang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR. China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR. China
| | - Long-Wei Huang
- School of Environmental and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qin-Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - King-Lun Yeung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR. China; Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR. China.
| | - Shao-Qi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Energy, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, 2708 Huaxi Road, Guiyang 550025, PR China..
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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20
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Gu J, Zhang W, Ma J, Huo Z, Song Y. Ultraviolet photolysis of monochloro-p-benzoquinone (MCBQ) in aqueous solution: Theoretical investigation into the dechlorination. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132884. [PMID: 34780738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the UV-induced transformation of monochloro-p-benzoquinone (MCBQ) in aqueous solution has been systematically investigated through quantum chemical calculations. During the UV irradiation at 253.7 nm, the first triplet state of MCBQ (3MCBQ*) was from the intersystem crossing of its first excited singlet state (1MCBQ*). In aqueous solution, the nucleophilic attack of OH- on carbon atoms in 3MCBQ* was the central reaction. The addition of OH- to olefinic carbon atoms was much more kinetically feasible than that to carbonyl carbon atoms, even though the carbonyl carbon atoms were more positively charged. Moreover, OH- preferred to add to the ortho-position of C-Cl bond, where the unchlorinated atom was more negatively charged than the chlorinated one. The UV photolysis of the primary intermediate (HO-CBQ) was not the same as that of MCBQ. The attack of OH- on the para-position of C-Cl bond was the most efficient pathway. The addition of OH- to the chlorinated atom of 3HO-CBQ* was much more efficient than that in the case of 3MCBQ*, which reveals that more UV irradiation may promote the dechlorination. The findings in the present study may be helpful to enrich the understanding of the halobenzoquinones transformation in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Gu M, Li S, Fan X, Huang J, Yu G. Effective Breaking of the Fluorocarbon Chain by the Interface Bi 2O 2X···PFOA Complex Strategy via Coordinated Se on Construction of the Internal Photogenerated Carrier Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:654-667. [PMID: 34962761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from outside was inhibited by the "barrel spiral" barrier, but the construction of the photocatalyst-PFOA complex provided a direct attack on photogenerated reactive species (RSs). Here, we investigated the bridging ability of bismuth oxychalcogenide (Bi2O2X) for constructing an effective photocarrier pathway to PFOA. The experimental results and DFT calculations showed that a more intense internal access of Bi2O2Se was built via the terminal carboxylate tail, and the weaker electrostatic interaction of Bi-Se bonds helped realize the smaller band gap and slower recombination of photocarriers, thereby inhibiting the invalid annihilation of holes with H2O and facilitating the transformation of electrons to O2-•. The pseudo-first-order rate coefficient (kobs) was 2 and 4 times higher than Bi2O2S and TiO2, respectively, showing the outstanding photocatalytic activity of Bi2O2Se. A broad pH (4-8) adaptability of Bi2O2Se was observed for defluorination, especially in alkali condition. This new understanding may inspire the development of Se-coordinated catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbin Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESP), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Shangyi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESP), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Xueqi Fan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESP), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESP), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESP), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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