1
|
Zafiriou OC, Xie H, Kieber DJ, Wang W, Song G, Cohen N. Cyanohydrin Equilibria Implicate Non-Aromatic Aldehydes in Photochemical Production of Oceanic Carbon Monoxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16066-16075. [PMID: 39177446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbonyls have previously been dismissed as significant precursors for carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction from natural chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Here, we used hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which reacts with carbonyls to form photochemically inert cyanohydrins, as a probe to re-examine the role of carbonyls in CO photoproduction. Adding HCN to low-absorbance euphotic zone seawater decreased CO photoproduction. Modeling [HCN] (∼5 to 364 μM) vs the percent decrease in CO photoproduction (%CO↓) yielded carbonyl-cyanohydrin dissociation equilibrium constants, KD, and maximum %CO↓, %CO↓max values. Four Atlantic and Pacific seawater KDs (66.7 ± 19.6 μM) overlap aqueous aliphatic but not aromatic aldehyde KDs. Phenylacetaldehyde (PA) and other β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes are proposed as prototypical CO precursors. Direct photolysis of ∼10 nM PA can supply the measured daily production of HCN-sensitive CO at an open-ocean site near Bermuda. HCN's %CO↓max was 31 ± 2.5% in North Atlantic seawater vs the 13 ± 2.5% inhibition of CO photoproduction by borohydride, a dilemma since only borohydride affects most ketones. Borohydride also decreased CDOM absorption much more than did HCN. This puzzle probably reflects differing steric and solvation requirements in HCN- and borohydride-CDOM reactions. This study demonstrates cyanophilic aldehydes to be a significant source of open-ocean CO and reveals new clues regarding CDOM photochemistry mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Zafiriou
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Huixiang Xie
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - David J Kieber
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guisheng Song
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Natalie Cohen
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Zhu C, Zhu F, Sun H, Wang J, Fang G, Zhou D. Strong Substance Exchange at Paddy Soil-Water Interface Promotes Nonphotochemical Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Overlying Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7403-7414. [PMID: 38627988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widespread on the earth's surface under sunlight irradiation. However, the nonphotochemical ROS generation in surface water (e.g., paddy overlying water) has been largely neglected. This work elucidated the drivers of nonphotochemical ROS generation and its spatial distribution in undisturbed paddy overlying water, by combining ROS imaging technology with in situ ROS monitoring. It was found that H2O2 concentrations formed in three paddy overlying waters could reach 0.03-16.9 μM, and the ROS profiles exhibited spatial heterogeneity. The O2 planar-optode indicated that redox interfaces were not always generated at the soil-water interface but also possibly in the water layer, depending on the soil properties. The formed redox interface facilitated a rapid turnover of reducing and oxidizing substances, creating an ideal environment for the generation of ROS. Additionally, the electron-donating capacities of water at soil-water interfaces increased by 4.5-8.4 times compared to that of the top water layers. Importantly, field investigation results confirmed that sustainable •OH generation through nonphotochemical pathways constituted of a significant proportion of total daily production (>50%), suggesting a comparable or even greater role than photochemical ROS generation. In summary, the nonphotochemical ROS generation process reported in this study greatly enhances the understanding of natural ROS production processes in paddy soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong W, Zou J, Zhao M, Yan S, Song W. Development of a Five-Chemical-Probe Method to Determine Multiple Radicals Simultaneously in Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radical-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5616-5626. [PMID: 38471100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as hydroxyl radical (HO•)- and sulfate radical (SO4•-)-mediated oxidation, are attractive technologies used in water and wastewater treatments. To evaluate the treatment efficiencies of AOPs, monitoring the primary radicals (HO• and SO4•-) as well as the secondary radicals generated from the reaction of HO•/SO4•- with water matrices is necessary. Therefore, we developed a novel chemical probe method to examine five key radicals simultaneously, including HO•, SO4•-, Cl•, Cl2•-, and CO3•-. Five probes, including nitrobenzene, para-chlorobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, were selected in this study. Their bimolecular reaction rate constants with diverse radicals were first calibrated under the same conditions to minimize systematic errors. Three typical AOPs (UV/H2O2, UV/S2O82-, and UV/HSO5-) were tested to obtain the radical steady-state concentrations. The effects of dissolved organic matter, Br-, and the probe concentration were inspected. Our results suggest that the five-probe method can accurately measure radicals in the HO•- and SO4•--mediated AOPs when the concentration of Br- and DOM are less than 4.0 μM and 15 mgC L-1, respectively. Overall, the five-probe method is a practical and easily accessible method to determine multiple radicals simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhe Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Jiang J, Zhao H, Li Z, Li X, Azam S, Qu B. Phototransformation of halobenzoquinones in aqueous solution under the simulate sunlight: Kinetics, mechanism and products. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141318. [PMID: 38311038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are a novel family of unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Little is known about their phototransformation activities in natural water. Here, five HBQs with various halogenated substituent types, numbers, and structures positions were selected to investigate the kinetics of degradation in aqueous solutions at various concentrations and in the presence of common environmental variables (Cl-, NO2-, and humic acid). The results indicated that dichloride and dibromo-substituted HBQs were photolyzed, whereas tetrachloro-substituted HBQs showed little degradation. The photolysis rate constant (k) of HBQs decreased with increasing initial concentration. The presence of NO2- and Cl- promoted the degradation of HBQs mainly through the formation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), which were confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In contrast, humic acid played a negative role on HBQs transformation due to the adsorption and quenching reactions. Possible conversion pathways for HBQs were proposed based on the identification of two major photodegradation products, hydroxylated HBQs and halogenated-benzenetriol, as well as reactive free radicals. This study provided meaningful insights into the environmental fates and risk assessments of HBQs in natural aquatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shafiul Azam
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Baocheng Qu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu W, Zheng X, Tan M, Wang J, Wu B, Ma J, Pan Y, Chen B, Chu C. Field Quantification of Hydroxyl Radicals by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis with a Portable Device. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2808-2816. [PMID: 38227742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is a powerful oxidant abundantly found in nature and plays a central role in numerous environmental processes. On-site detection of •OH is highly desirable for real-time assessments of •OH-centered processes and yet is restrained by a lack of an analysis system suitable for field applications. Here, we report the development of a flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis (FIA-CL) system for the continuous field detection of •OH. The system is based on the reaction of •OH with phthalhydrazide to generate 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, which emits chemiluminescence (CL) when oxidatively activated by H2O2 and Cu3+. The FIA-CL system was successfully validated using the Fenton reaction as a standard •OH source. Unlike traditional absorbance- or fluorescence-based methods, CL detection could minimize interference from an environmental medium (e.g., organic matter), therefore attaining highly sensitive •OH detection (limits of detection and quantification = 0.035 and 0.12 nM, respectively). The broad applications of FIA-CL were illustrated for on-site 24 h detection of •OH produced from photochemical processes in lake water and air, where the temporal variations on •OH productions (1.0-12.2 nM in water and 1.5-37.1 × 107 cm-3 in air) agreed well with sunlight photon flux. Further, the FIA-CL system enabled field 24 h field analysis of •OH productions from the oxidation of reduced substances triggered by tidal fluctuations in coastal soils. The superior analytical capability of the FIA-CL system opens new opportunities for monitoring •OH dynamics under field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengxi Tan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junye Ma
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yishuai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Anqing Yangtze Delta Future Industry Institute, Anqing 246003, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan M, Zheng X, Yu W, Chen B, Chu C. Facet-Dependent Productions of Reactive Oxygen Species from Pyrite Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:432-439. [PMID: 38111081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widespread in nature and play central roles in numerous biogeochemical processes and pollutant dynamics. Recent studies have revealed ROS productions triggered by electron transfer from naturally abundant reduced iron minerals to oxygen. Here, we report that ROS productions from pyrite oxidation exhibit a high facet dependence. Pyrites with various facet compositions displayed distinct efficiencies in producing superoxide (O2• -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH). The 48 h •OH production rates varied by 3.1-fold from 11.7 ± 0.4 to 36.2 ± 0.6 nM h-1, showing a strong correlation with the ratio of the {210} facet. Such facet dependence in ROS productions primarily stems from the different surface electron-donating capacities (2.2-8.6 mmol e- g-1) and kinetics (from 1.2 × 10-4 to 5.8 × 10-4 s-1) of various faceted pyrites. Further, the Fenton-like activity also displayed 10.1-fold variations among faceted pyrites, contributing to the facet depedence of •OH productions. The facet dependence of ROS production can greatly affect ROS-driven pollutant transformations. As a paradigm, the degradation rates of carbamazepine, phenol, and bisphenol A varied by 3.5-5.3-fold from oxidation of pyrites with different facet compositions, where the kinetics were in good agreement with the pyrite {210} facet ratio. These findings highlight the crucial role of facet composition in determining ROS production and subsequent ROS-driven reactions during iron mineral oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Tan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan D, Song G, Mi W, Tu X, Zhao Y, Bi Y. Insights into the Enhanced Photogeneration of Hydroxyl Radicals from Chlorinated Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:805-815. [PMID: 38156625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Free available chlorine has been and is being applied in global water treatment and readily reacts with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments, leading to the formation of chlorinated products. Chlorination enhances the photoreactivity of DOM, but the influence of chlorinated compounds on the photogeneration of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) has remained unexplored. In this study, a range of chlorinated carboxylate-substituted phenolic model compounds were employed to assess their •OH photogeneration capabilities. These compounds demonstrated a substantial capacity for •OH production, exhibiting quantum yields of 0.1-5.9 × 10-3 through direct photolysis under 305 nm and 0.2-9.5 × 10-3 through a triplet sensitizer (4-benzoylbenzoic acid)-inducing reaction under 365 nm LED irradiation. Moreover, the chlorinated compounds exhibited higher light absorption and •OH quantum yields compared to those of their unchlorinated counterparts. The •OH photogeneration capacity of these compounds exhibited a positive correlation with their triplet state one-electron oxidation potentials. Molecular-level compositional analysis revealed that aromatic structures rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups (e.g., O/C > 0.5 with H/C < 1.5) within DOM serve as crucial sources of •OH, and chlorination of these compounds significantly enhances their capacity to generate •OH upon irradiation. This study provides novel insights into the enhanced photogeneration of •OH from chlorinated DOM, which is helpful for understanding the fate of trace pollutants in chlorinated waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gaofei Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wujuan Mi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Deng Y, Yao L, Yang X. Colloid-bound radicals formed in NOM-enhanced Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate process accelerate the degradation of trace organic contaminants in water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120880. [PMID: 38007886 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water bodies traditionally hinders the degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This study elucidates the positive role of NOM in enhancing the degradation of TrOCs through the Fe(III)/PMS process. During this process, NOM reduces Fe(III), yielding semiquinone-like radical (NOM•) and concurrently forming NOM-Fe(III) colloids. In addition to the Fe(II)-mediated activation pathway, Fe(III) sites on NOM-Fe(III) colloids effectively transfer electrons from NOM• or some redox-active moieties to PMS, resulting in the generation of long-lived colloid-bound SO4•-, which can readily undergo hydrolysis to produce HO•. The stabilization of SO4•- and HO• by NOM-Fe(III) colloids, combined with their moderate adsorption of TrOCs, results in surface-confined reactions that significantly enhance TrOC removal, despite the presence of concurrent quenching reactions between radicals and NOM. Further, the significant positive correlation between the phenolic contents of eight NOM types and TrOC degradation kinetics suggests phenolic moieties as the primary electron source for PMS activation. By in-situ utilizing NOM in raw water, a PMS-amended iron coagulation process with 0.2 mM Fe(III) and PMS effectively removes 90-100 % of six coexisting TrOCs. This study unveils the previously unrecognized role of colloid-bound radicals in decontamination processes, offering valuable insights into harnessing NOM's influence in advanced oxidation water treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Cui Z, Ding D, Bai Y, Chen J, Cui H, Su R, Qu K. Effect of the molecular weight of DOM on the indirect photodegradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119192. [PMID: 37827075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous and widespread in natural water and influences the transformation and removal of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the influence of DOM molecular weight (MW) on the indirect photodegradation of antibiotics has rarely been reported. This study attempted to explore the influence of the molecular weight of DOM on the indirect photodegradation of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR), by using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that indirect photodegradation was considered the main photodegradation pathway of FQs in DOM fractions. Triplet-state excited organic matter (3DOM*) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the main reactive intermediates (RIs) that affected the indirect photodegradation of FQs. The indirect photodegradation rate of FQs was significantly promoted in DOM fractions, especially in the low molecular weight DOM fractions (L-MW DOM, MW < 10 kDa). The results of excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) showed that terrestrial humic-like substances had a higher humification degree and fluorophore content in L- MW DOM fractions, which could produce more 3DOM* and 1O2 to promote the indirect photodegradation of FQs. This study provided new insight into the effects of DOM at the molecular weight level on the indirect photodegradation of antibiotics in natural water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Jianlei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Rongguo Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo Z, He H, Liu K, Yang S, Li Z, Lai C, Liao Z, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. Sunlight-induced degradation of COVID-19 antivirals arbidol in natural aquatic environments: Mechanisms, pathways and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119113. [PMID: 37769471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Insights into COVID-19 antivirals' environmental fate and ecological risk are urgently required due to their increasing concentrations in aquatic environments, which have rarely been studied. Herein, we first investigated the photochemical transformation and the resulting alterations in toxicity of arbidol, an antiviral drug with relatively higher toxicity. The photolysis of arbidol was rapid with a rate constant of 0.106 min-1 due to its superior ultraviolet light absorption, in which the direct photolysis was predominated with a contribution of 91.5%. Despite its substantial photolysis, only 14.45% of arbidol was mineralized after 100 min, implying that arbidol and its products might have a long-term impact on aquatic environment. It was inferred that arbidol was photolyzed mainly via the loss of thiophenol, bromine, and alkylamine, based on twelve photolytic products identified. Notably, the experimental results demonstrated that the photolysis process increased the acute toxicity of arbidol, and the toxicity prediction indicated that the ecotoxicity of two photolytic products was very high with LC50 values below 0.1 mg/L. Due to the co-effect of multiple constituents, the photolytic rate observed in wastewater treatment plant effluent and in river water was comparable to that in ultra-pure water, while it was slightly enhanced in lake water. The presence of dissolved organic matter suppressed arbidol photolysis, while NO3- exhibited a promotion effect. These results would be of great significance to assess the fate and risk of COVID-19 antivirals in natural aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang D, Chen N, Zhu C, Sun H, Fang G, Zhou D. Dynamic Production of Hydroxyl Radicals during the Flooding-Drainage Process of Paddy Soil: An In Situ Column Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16340-16347. [PMID: 37856081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Frequent cycles of flooding and drainage in paddy soils lead to the reductive dissolution of iron (Fe) minerals and the reoxidation of Fe(II) species, all while generating a robust and consistent output of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we present a comprehensive assessment of the temporal and spatial variations in Fe species and ROS during the flooding-drainage process in a representative paddy soil. Our laboratory column experiments showed that a decrease in dissolved O2 concentration led to rapid Fe reduction below the water-soil interface, and aqueous Fe(II) was transformed into solid Fe(II) phases over an extended flooding time. As a result, the •OH production capacity of liquid phases was reduced while that of solid phases improved. The •OH production capacity of solid phases increased from 227-271 μmol kg-1 (within 1-11 cm depth) to 500-577 to 499-902 μmol kg-1 after 50 day, 3 month, and 1 year incubation, respectively. During drainage, dynamic •OH production was triggered by O2 consumption and Fe(II) oxidation. ROS-trapping film and in situ capture revealed that the soil surface was the active zone for intense H2O2 and •OH production, while limited ROS production was observed in the deeper soil layers (>5 cm) due to the limited oxygen penetration. These findings provide more insights into the complex interplay between dynamic Fe cycling and ROS production in the redox transition zones of paddy fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou R, Liu J, Zhou C, Zhang X. Phototransformation of Lignin-related Compounds in Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120586. [PMID: 37717330 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major terrestrial source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and studying the phototransformation of lignin monomers and their related compounds can enhance our understanding of CDOM intramolecular interactions. Coniferyl aldehyde (Coni) and sinapaldehyde (Sina) form ground-state complexes with CDOM, with equilibrium constants of 7,800 (± 1,800) and 20,000 (± 2,000) M-1, respectively. In comparison, vanillin (Van) exhibits minimal affinity for CDOM complexation. The bimolecular reaction rate constants between singlet oxygen (1O2) and these phenolic carbonyl compounds ranged from 0.46 (± 0.02) to 1.8 (± 0.1) × 107 M-1s-1, which is approximately one order of magnitude lower than their reaction rate constants (0.51 (± 0.02)-1.25 (± 0.02) × 108 M-1s-1) with the triplet excited state of CDOM (3CDOM*). In acidic CDOM solutions (pH 5.0), 1O2, H2O2, and organic peroxyl radicals had negligible impact on the transformation. Comparing the initial transformation rate in the presence and in the absence of NaN3 or furfuryl alcohol led to an overestimation of the contribution of 1O2 to the transformation of Van, Coni, or Sina. 3CDOM* scavengers could not fully inhibit the transformation of Coni or Sina. The remaining transformation is considered to arise from either the unquenched intra-CDOM phase 3CDOM* or a fraction of Coni⊂CDOM or Sina⊂CDOM complex, which underwent intramolecular photoinduced chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng K, Zhang L, McKay G. Evaluating the Microheterogeneous Distribution of Photochemically Generated Singlet Oxygen Using Furfuryl Amine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7568-7577. [PMID: 37130219 PMCID: PMC10853930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an important reactive species in natural waters produced during photolysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Prior studies have demonstrated that 1O2 exhibits a microheterogeneous distribution, with [1O2] in the interior of DOM macromolecules ∼30 to 1000-fold greater than in bulk solution. The [1O2] profile for DOM-containing solutions has been determined mainly by the use of hydrophobic probes, which are not commercially available. In this study, we employed a dual-probe method combining the widely used hydrophilic 1O2 probe furfuryl alcohol (FFA) and its structural analogue furfuryl amine (FFAm). FFAm exists mainly as a cation at pH <9 and was therefore hypothesized to have an enhanced local concentration in the near-DOM phase, whereas FFA will be distributed homogeneously. The probe pair was used to quantify apparent [1O2] in DOM samples from different isolation procedures (humic acid, fulvic acid, reverse osmosis) and diverse origins (aquatic and terrestrial) as a function of pH and ionic strength, and all samples studied exhibited enhanced reactivity of FFAm relative to FFA, especially at pH 7 and 8. To quantify the spatial distribution of [1O2], we combined electrostatic models with Latch and McNeill's three-phase distribution model. Modeling results for Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) yield a surface [1O2] of ∼60 pM, which is ∼96-fold higher than the aqueous-phase [1O2] measured with FFA. This value is in agreement with prior reports that determined 1-3 orders of magnitude higher [1O2] in the DOM phase compared to bulk solution. Overall, this work expands the knowledge base of DOM microheterogeneous photochemistry by showing that diverse DOM isolates exhibit this phenomenon. In addition, the dual-probe approach and electrostatic modeling offer a new way to gain mechanistic insight into the spatial distribution of 1O2 and potentially other photochemically produced reactive intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3131 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Lizhong Zhang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3131 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Wang J, Wu H, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Guo H. Trade-off effect of dissolved organic matter on degradation and transformation of micropollutants: A review in water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:130996. [PMID: 36867904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of micropollutants by various treatments is commonly affected by the ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water environment. To optimize the operating conditions and decomposition efficiency, it is necessary to consider the impacts of DOM. DOM exhibits varied behaviors in diverse treatments, including permanganate oxidation, solar/ultraviolet photolysis, advanced oxidation processes, advanced reduction process, and enzyme biological treatments. Besides, the different sources (i.e., terrestrial and aquatic, etc) of DOM, and operational circumstances (i.e., concentration and pH) fluctuate different transformation efficiency of micropollutants in water. However, so far, systematic explanations and summaries of relevant research and mechanism are rare. This paper reviewed the "trade-off" performances and the corresponding mechanisms of DOM in the elimination of micropollutants, and summarized the similarities and differences for the dual roles of DOM in each of the aforementioned treatments. Inhibition mechanisms typically include radical scavenging, UV attenuation, competition effect, enzyme inactivation, reaction between DOM and micropollutants, and intermediates reduction. Facilitation mechanisms include the generation of reactive species, complexation/stabilization, cross-coupling with pollutants, and electron shuttle. Moreover, electron-drawing groups (i.e., quinones, ketones functional groups) and electron-supplying groups (i.e., phenols) in the DOM are the main contributors to its trade-off effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Han Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo W, Yan W, Jing C. Production of reactive oxygen species from oxygenation of Fe(II)-carbonate complexes: The critical roles of carbonate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131529. [PMID: 37126902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) production upon the oxygenation of reduced iron minerals at the oxic/anoxic interface has been well recognized. However, little is known in the influencing environmental factors and the involved mechanisms. In this study, much more •OH could be efficiently produced from oxygenation of Fe(II) with 20-200 mM carbonate. Both carbonate concentration and anoxic reaction time play a critical role in •OH production. High carbonate facilitates the formation of Fe(II)high reactivity, i.e., surface-adsorbed and structural Fe(II) with low crystalline that is reactive toward O2 reaction for •OH production, while long anoxic reaction time enables the transfer from Fe(II)high reactivity to Fe(II)low reactivity, i.e., Fe(II) at interior sites with high crystalline, that is hardly oxidized by O2. Furthermore, the degradation pathway of p-nitrophenol (PNP) is highly dependent on the carbonate concentration that low carbonate facilitates •OH oxidation of PNP (80.2%) while high carbonate enhanced O2•- reduction of PNP (48.7%). Besides, carbonate also influences the structural evolution of Fe mineral during oxygenation by retarding its hydrolysis and following transformation. Our finding sheds new light on understanding the important role of oxyanions such as carbonate in iron redox cycles and directing contaminant attenuation in subsurface environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Qu B, Jiang J, Bekele TG, Zhao H. The photoactivity of complexation of DOM and copper in aquatic system: Implication on the photodegradation of TBBPA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163620. [PMID: 37100127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The photoactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a great impact on the photodegradation of organic pollutants in natural waters. In this study, the photodegradation of TBBPA was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation in the presence of copper ion (Cu2+), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Cu-DOM complexation (Cu-DOM) to illustrate the effect of Cu2+ on photoactivity of DOM. The rate of photodegradation of TBBPA in the presence of Cu-DOM complex was 3.2 times higher than that in pure water. The effects of Cu2+, DOM and Cu-DOM on the photodegradation of TBBPA were highly pH dependent and hydroxyl radical(·OH) responded for the acceleration effect. Spectral and radical experiments indicated that Cu2+ had high affinity to fluorescence components of DOM, and acted as both the cation bridge and electron shuttle, resulting the aggregation of DOM and increasing of steady-state concentration of ·OH (·OHss). Simultaneously, Cu2+ also inhibited intramolecular energy transfer leading to the decrease of steady-state concentration singlet oxygen (1O2ss) and triplet of DOM (3DOM⁎ss). The interaction between Cu2+ and DOM followed the order of conjugated carbonyl CO, COO- or CO stretching in phenolic groups and carbohydrate or alcoholic CO groups. With these results, a comprehensive investigation on the photodegradation of TBBPA in the presence of Cu-DOM was conducted, and the effect of Cu2+ on the photoactivity of DOM was illustrated. These findings helped to understanding the potential mechanism of interaction among metal cation, DOM and organic pollutants in sunlit surface water, especially for the DOM-induced photodegradation of organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Baocheng Qu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street 52, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingqiu Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schroer HW, Londono E, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Arnold W, Just CL. Photolysis of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one: Mechanisms and Products. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:783-792. [PMID: 36936519 PMCID: PMC10012174 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insensitive munitions formulations that include 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are replacing traditional explosive compounds. While these new formulations have superior safety characteristics, the compounds have greater environmental mobility, raising concern over potential contamination and cleanup of training and manufacturing facilities. Here, we examine the mechanisms and products of NTO photolysis in simulated sunlight to further inform NTO degradation in sunlit surface waters. We demonstrate that NTO produces singlet oxygen and that dissolved oxygen increases the NTO photolysis rate in deionized water. The rate of NTO photolysis is independent of concentration and decreases slightly in the presence of Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter. The apparent quantum yield of NTO generally decreases as pH increases, ranging from 2.0 × 10-5 at pH 12 to 1.3 × 10-3 at pH 2. Bimolecular reaction rate constants for NTO with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical were measured to be (1.95 ± 0.15) × 106 and (3.28 ± 0.23) × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively. Major photolysis reaction products were ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate, with nitrite produced in nearly stoichiometric yield upon the reaction of NTO with singlet oxygen. Environmental half-lives are predicted to span from 1.1 to 5.7 days. Taken together, these data enhance our understanding of NTO photolysis under environmentally relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter W. Schroer
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Esteban Londono
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Xueshu Li
- Occupational
& Environmental Health, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52246, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Occupational
& Environmental Health, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52246, United States
| | - William Arnold
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Craig L. Just
- Civil
& Environmental Engineering, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo Z, Kodikara D, Albi LS, Hatano Y, Chen G, Yoshimura C, Wang J. Photodegradation of organic micropollutants in aquatic environment: Importance, factors and processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:118236. [PMID: 36682233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions widely occur in the aquatic environment and play fundamental roles in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, solar-induced photodegradation is efficient for many organic micropollutants (OMPs), especially those that cannot undergo hydrolysis or biodegradation, and thus can mitigate chemical pollution. Recent reports indicate that photodegradation may play a more important role than biodegradation in many OMP transformations in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation can be influenced by the water matrix such as pH, inorganic ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effect of the water matrix such as DOM on photodegradation is complex, and new insights concerning the disparate effects of DOM have recently been reported. In addition, the photodegradation process is also influenced by physical factors such as latitude, water depth, and temporal variations in sunlight as these factors determine the light conditions. However, it remains challenging to gain an overview of the importance of photodegradation in the aquatic environment because the reactions involved are diverse and complex. Therefore, this review provides a concise summary of the importance of photodegradation and the major processes related to the photodegradation of OMPs, with particular attention given to recent progress on the major reactions of DOM. In addition, major knowledge gaps in this field of environmental photochemistry are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Luthfia Shofi Albi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Sun X, Fu J, Liu W, Cai Z. Elevated nitrate promoted photodegradation of PAHs in aqueous phase: Implications for the increased nutrient discharge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130143. [PMID: 36252403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently released in aqueous phase by oil spill or from other sources, and photochemical oxidation is one of their major weathering processes. In this study, the photochemical behavior of phenanthrene (PHE, as a representative PAH) were studied and the effects of nitrogenous compounds were evaluated. The results showed that nitrate was an effective photosensitizer for improving the photodegradation of PHE, but the promoting effect was less effective in seawater due to the presence of halogen ions; the ammonia played a negligible role on PHE degradation. The photochemical ionization was a key process for PHE degradation, it can be retarded due to the quenching of triplet excited state by dissolved oxygen, and the inhibition was most prominent in fresh water. The presence of nitrate increased the steady state concentration of •OH from 2.08 × 10-15 M to 1.04 × 10-14 M in fresh water, and from 1.5 × 10-16 M to 2.08 × 10-15 M in seawater. The secondary-order reaction rate constant between PHE and •OH (k•OH,PHE) was determined as 5.70 × 109 M-1 s-1. Similar trend was observed for 1O2. The contribution of •OH to PHE removal was more prominent in fresh water than in seawater due to the quenching effects of halogen, and the increasing of nitrate enlarged the contribution of •OH. Two possible PHE degradation pathways were proposed based on GC-MS analysis and DFT calculation. The Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) evaluation showed that some degradation intermediates were more toxic than PHE, but the total environmental risk was still diminished due to the low percentage of toxic intermediates. This study provided theoretical and experimental insights into the influence of nitrogenous compounds on the photodegradation of PHAs in water environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianbo Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng X, Wu B, Zhou C, Liu T, Wang Y, Zhao G, Chen B, Chu C. Sunlight-Driven Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from Natural Iron Minerals: Quantum Yield and Wavelength Dependence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1177-1185. [PMID: 36538289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play numerous key roles in earth's surface biogeochemical processes and pollutant dynamics. ROS production has historically been linked to the photosensitization of natural organic matter. Here, we report the photochemical ROS production from three naturally abundant iron minerals. All investigated iron minerals are photoactive toward sunlight irradiation, with photogenerated currents linearly correlated with incident light intensity. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are identified as the major ROS species, with apparent quantum yields ranging from 1.4 × 10-8 to 3.9 × 10-8 and 5.8 × 10-8 to 2.5 × 10-6, respectively. Photochemical ROS production exhibits high wavelength dependence, for instance, the •OH quantum yield decreases with the increase of light wavelength from 375 to 425 nm, and above 425 nm it sharply decreases to zero. The temperature shows a positive impact on •OH production, with apparent activation energies ranging from 8.0 to 17.8 kJ/mol. Interestingly, natural iron minerals with impurities exhibit higher ROS production than their pure crystal counterparts. Compared with organic photosensitizers, iron minerals exhibit higher wavelength dependence, higher selectivity, lower efficiency, and long-term stability in photochemical ROS production. Our study highlights natural inorganic iron mineral photochemistry as a ubiquitous yet previously overlooked source of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Huang L, Wu H, Ren J, Gu C, Chen Z. Enhanced photodegradation of tylosin in the presence of natural montmorillonite: Synergistic effects of adsorption and surface hydroxyl radicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158750. [PMID: 36108839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tylosin (TYL) is a ubiquitous macrolide antibiotic which has been frequently detected in natural aqueous environment. Montmorillonite (MMT), a major component of natural suspended particles, plays essential roles in the transportation and transformation processes of various organic contaminants. This study systematically investigated the photodegradation behavior and mechanism of TYL in MMT suspensions under simulated sunlight irradiation. In the existence of 0.1 g L-1 Na-MMT, >80.8 % TYL was degraded after 8 h irradiation, which was significantly higher than that in the absence of MMT (42.5 %). Further mechanistic studies suggested that the synergistic effects including the formation of surface complex and the generation of surface hydroxyl radicals play essential roles in the accelerated TYL phototransformation. Meanwhile, other factors like exchangeable cations of MMTs, pH and ionic strength could also strongly influence the TYL photodegradation. The probable degradation pathways of TYL in MMT suspension was further proposed based on the detected intermediates and DFT calculations. Photobacterium phospherium T3 bioluminescent assay revealed that the photodegradation products of TYL have a lower acute toxicity than bulk TYL, especially in the presence of MMT. This study provides new insights for the photodegradation pathways of organic contaminants in aqueous environments, which is of great importance for assessing the fate and risk of emerging pollutants in natural surface water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Zhanghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li H, McKay G. Fluorescence Quenching of Humic Substances and Natural Organic Matter by Nitroxide Free Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:719-729. [PMID: 36547376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most frequently used techniques for studying dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural and engineered systems. However, the spatial distribution and fluorophores, including local and interacting states, within DOM's larger structure remains poorly understood. In this study, we used two nitroxide fluorescence quenchers to evaluate the chemical and spatial heterogeneity of DOM fluorophores. Several results from quenching experiments with cationic 4-amino-TEMPO (tempamine), including downward-curving Stern-Volmer plots and spectral dependent quenching, show that multiple emitting species contribute to the observed emission even at a single excitation wavelength. Furthermore, for DOM isolates of diverse geographic origins (soil vs aquatic) and isolation procedures (reverse osmosis vs humic substances), the maximum extent of quenching occurs on the red edge of the emission spectra. For soil humic substance isolates, the spectral dependent quenching was significant enough to affect a blue shift in the average emission wavelength. The same soil humic substance isolates whose emission spectra were blue shifted by tempamine quenching were also blue shifted by decreasing solution pH and decreasing solvent polarity, which suggests a role for anionic fluorophores (e.g., hydroxybenzoic acids) in long wavelength fluorescence. Finally, curvature in Stern-Volmer plots indicate that between 10 and 50% of emitting species detected by steady-state fluorescence are inaccessible to quenching by tempamine, suggesting that this fraction of fluorophores may be inaccessible to water solvent. Results from this study provide an assessment of the spatial distribution of fluorophores within DOM and help to reconcile prior studies on the role of solvent polarity and pH on DOM fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77845, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77845, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang H, Han M, Wang M, Zhou H. Microheterogeneous Triplet Oxidation of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Dissolved Black Carbon Solutions under Simulated Solar Irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14574-14584. [PMID: 36173710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is proven to accelerate the triplet-mediated photodegradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). However, its photosensitization mechanisms are not clear. In this study, five HOCs including 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and bisphenol A were selected as model compounds to explore the triplet-mediated phototransformation of HOCs in illuminated DBC solutions. All five HOCs presented high organic carbon-water partition coefficient (KOC) values in DBC solutions, indicating the strong sorption capacity of DBC for HOCs. When reaching sorption equilibrium, the apparent pseudo-first-order rate constants of HOCs vs log[DBC] were well fitted with a sorption-enhanced phototransformation model (R2 > 0.98). Using the sorption-enhanced phototransformation model, the degradation rates of HOCs determined at intra-DBC (kDBC,HOCs') were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those observed in aqueous bulk solution (kHOCsaq). Moreover, typical triplet quenchers (2,4,6-trimethylphenol and oxygen) exhibited a microheterogeneous quenching effect on the triplet-mediated photodegradation of 17β-estradiol. Therefore, our results suggested that HOCs underwent a microheterogeneous photooxidative degradation process in DBC solutions. Furthermore, a sorption-enhanced phototransformation mechanism was proposed to elucidate the microheterogeneous photooxidative behavior of HOCs in DBC solutions. This study provides new insights into the fate and transport of HOCs in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou213001, P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Han
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, P. R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, P. R. China
| | - Huaxi Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sutherland KM, Johnston DT, Hemingway JD, Wankel SD, Ward CP. Revised microbial and photochemical triple-oxygen isotope effects improve marine gross oxygen production estimates. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac233. [PMID: 36712381 PMCID: PMC9802178 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The biogeochemical fluxes that cycle oxygen (O2) play a critical role in regulating Earth's climate and habitability. Triple-oxygen isotope (TOI) compositions of marine dissolved O2 are considered a robust tool for tracing oxygen cycling and quantifying gross photosynthetic O2 production. This method assumes that photosynthesis, microbial respiration, and gas exchange with the atmosphere are the primary influences on dissolved O2 content, and that they have predictable, fixed isotope effects. Despite its widespread use, there are major elements of this approach that remain uncharacterized, including the TOI dynamics of respiration by marine heterotrophic bacteria and abiotic O2 sinks such as the photochemical oxidation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here, we report the TOI fractionation for O2 utilization by two model marine heterotrophs and by abiotic photo-oxidation of representative terrestrial and coastal marine DOC. We demonstrate that TOI slopes associated with these processes span a significant range of the mass-dependent domain (λ = 0.499 to 0.521). A sensitivity analysis reveals that even under moderate productivity and photo-oxidation scenarios, true gross oxygen production may deviate from previous estimates by more than 20% in either direction. By considering a broader suite of oxygen cycle reactions, our findings challenge current gross oxygen production estimates and highlight several paths forward to better understanding the marine oxygen and carbon cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David T Johnston
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jordon D Hemingway
- ETH Zürich, Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Wankel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
DiMento BP, Tusei CL, Aeppli C. Photochemical degradation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in aqueous solution by hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134732. [PMID: 35525447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are a complex mixture of polychlorinated alkanes (C10-C13, chlorine content 40-70%), and have been categorized as persistent organic pollutants. However, there are knowledge gaps about their environmental degradation, particularly the effectiveness and mechanism of photochemical degradation in surface waters. Photochemically-produced hydrated electrons (e-(aq)) have been shown to degrade highly chlorinated compounds in environmentally-relevant conditions more effectively than hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which can degrade a wide range of organic pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for e-(aq) and ·OH to degrade SCCPs. To this end, the degradation of SCCP model compounds was investigated under laboratory conditions that photochemically produced e-(aq) or ·OH. Resulting SCCP degradation rate constants for e-(aq) were on the same order of magnitude as well-known chlorinated pesticides. Experiments in the presence of ·OH yielded similar or higher second-order rate constants. Trends in e-(aq) and ·OH degradation rate constants of the investigated SCCPs were consistent with those of other chlorinated compounds, with higher chlorine content producing in higher rate constants for e-(aq) and lower for ·OH. Above a chlorine:carbon ratio of approximately 0.6, the e-(aq) second-order rate constants were higher than rate constants for ·OH reactions. Results of this study furthermore suggest that SCCPs are likely susceptible to degradation in sunlit surface waters, facilitated by dissolved organic matter as a source of photochemically produced e-(aq) and ·OH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P DiMento
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Colby College, 5750 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA.
| | - Cristina L Tusei
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Colby College, 5750 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Interaction Mechanisms and Application of Ozone Micro/Nanobubbles and Nanoparticles: A Review and Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121958. [PMID: 35745296 PMCID: PMC9228162 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ozone micro/nanobubbles with catalytic processes are widely used in the treatment of refractory organic wastewater. Micro/nanobubble technology overcomes the limitations of ozone mass transfer and ozone utilization in the application of ozone oxidation, and effectively improves the oxidation efficiency of ozone. The presence of micro/nanobubbles keeps the catalyst particles in a dynamic discrete state, which effectively increases the contact frequency between the catalyst and refractory organic matter and greatly improves the mineralization efficiency of refractory organic matter. This paper expounds on the characteristics and advantages of micro/nanobubble technology and summarizes the synergistic mechanism of microbubble nanoparticles and the mechanism of catalyst ozone micro/nanobubble systems in the treatment of refractory organics. An interaction mechanism of nanoparticles and ozone microbubbles is suggested, and the proposed theories on ozone microbubble systems are discussed with suggestions for future studies on systems of nanoparticles and ozone microbubbles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sardana A, Weaver L, Aziz TN. Effects of dissolved organic matter characteristics on the photosensitized degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:805-824. [PMID: 35481471 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment wetlands are aquatic systems where diverse dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions physically interact. Complex photochemical behaviors ensue, leading to uncertainties in the prediction of indirect photodegradation rates for organic contaminants. Here, we evaluate the photosensitization ability of whole water DOM samples from a treatment wetland and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North Carolina to photodegrade target pharmaceuticals. Optical characterization using ultraviolet-visible and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy shows that wetland DOM has higher aromaticity than WWTP DOM and that WWTP secondary treatment processes increase aromaticity, overall molecular weight, and humic character of wastewater DOM. Our application of a reversed-phase HPLC method to assess DOM polarity distinctly reveals that a subset of the wetland samples possesses an abundance of hydrophobic DOM moieties. Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) mediate the majority (>50%) of the indirect photodegradation for amoxicillin (AMX), atenolol (ATL), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), while singlet oxygen (1O2) is presumed to be solely responsible for the photodegradation of cimetidine (CME). Our findings suggest that hydrophobic interactions and improved accessibility to photogenerated reactive intermediates lead to significant increases in photosensitization efficiencies and overall indirect photodegradation rates of AMX, ATL, and EE2 for the hydrophobic wetland samples. In contrast, CME photosensitization yields are unaffected by polarity and trend positively with optical indicators of sunlight-induced DOM photobleaching and humification, suggesting that wetland processing favors faster 1O2 photogeneration. These relationships highlight the uncertainties in photosensitization yields and effects of DOM optical properties and polarity on the photochemical fate of organic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sardana
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 430, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Leah Weaver
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
| | - Tarek N Aziz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wan D, Kong Y, Wang X, Selvinsimpson S, Sharma VK, Zuo Y, Chen Y. Effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter for photodegradation of typical pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152647. [PMID: 34968593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate has been widely used in the remediation of contaminated water due to its relatively strong oxidation properties and ease of use. The ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters causes a significant sink of permanganate in treatments, which further impacts the photoformation of reactive species and the removal of trace pollutants by DOM. Significantly, the effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of DOM remains unknown. The present paper investigated for the first time the photophysical and photochemical properties variation of DOM from different sources after permanganate oxidation. Results showed that the permanganate oxidation caused a decrease in UV absorbance, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, and molecular weight for all tested DOM samples, as well as photoformation rate of DOM triplet states (3DOM⁎), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH) under simulated sunlight. Quantum yield of 1O2 showed positively linear correlations with both triplet quantum yield coefficient (fTMP) and E2/E3 (ratio of absorbance at 254 and 365 nm) for all the DOM samples before and after permanganate oxidation. The quantum yield of OH exhibited no significant correlation with fTMP or E2/E3. Permanganate oxidation inhibited the DOM-photosensitized indirect photodegradation of pollutants that do not absorb sunlight (e.g., decreased by 15-29%). For the tested pollutants that undergo direct photolysis under sunlight, their photodegradation was promoted (e.g., increased by 1-19%) in the permanganate oxidized DOM solutions due to the decrease of light-screening effect by DOM. These findings suggest that permanganate oxidation affects the photoreactivity of DOM and the corresponding photochemical fate of organic pollutants in natural waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaqian Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | | | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|