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Glover CM, Pazoki F, Munoz G, Sauvé S, Liu J. Applying the modified UV-activated TOP assay to complex matrices impacted by aqueous film-forming foams. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171292. [PMID: 38432371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large chemical family, and numerous chemical species can co-exist in environmental samples, especially those impacted by aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Given the limited availability of chemical standards, capturing the total amount of PFAS is challenging. Thus, the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has been developed to estimate the total amount of PFAS via the oxidative conversion of precursors into perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). This study aims to enhance the robustness of the TOP assay by replacing heat activation with UV activation. We evaluated the molar yields of known precursors in water in the presence of varying levels of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) and in two soils. The impact of UV activation was also evaluated in two soils spiked with three well-characterized AFFFs, six AFFF-impacted field soils, and nine rinse samples of AFFF-impacted stainless-steel pipe. In the presence of 100 mg/L SNROM, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS), 8:2 FTS, and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) in deionized water had good molar recovery as PFCAs (average of 102 ± 9.8 %); at 500 mg/L SNROM, the recovery significantly dropped to an average of 51 ± 19 %. In two soils (with 4 % and 8.8 % organic matter) with individual precursor spikes, the average molar recovery was 101 ± 9.4 %, except N-EtFOSAA, which had a reduced recovery in the soil with 8.8 % organic matter (OM). UV-activated assays outperformed heat-activated ones, especially in AFFF-impacted soils and pipe extract samples, with an average of 1.4-1.5× higher PFCA recovery. In almost all test samples, UV activation resulted in a notable shift towards longer PFCA chain lengths, particularly for samples with high OM content. The study confirmed the advantages of UV activation, including a significantly shortened exposure time (1 h vs. 6 h) and reduced matrix effects from OM due to the dual functions of UV in activating persulfate and photodegrading OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Glover
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Faezeh Pazoki
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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2
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Schutte MM, Kteeba SM, Guo L. Photochemical reactivity of water-soluble dissolved organic matter from microplastics and microfibers. Sci Total Environ 2024; 911:168616. [PMID: 37992826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in aquatic environments are a source of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, its production pathways and environmental fate remain poorly understood. This study investigated the yields, characterization, and photochemical reactivities of water-soluble DOM from seven pristine microplastics (MPs) and three microfibers (MFs). We found yields of plastic-derived DOM per unit mass of MPs or MFs, including chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), were significantly influenced by polymer chemical structures. Notably, MFs exhibited consistently higher DOM yields compared to MPs. In addition, plastics containing aromatic rings, such as PETE and PS, were found to generate higher CDOM yields, although PVC also showed elevated CDOM yields. The plastic-derived DOM had a diverse molecular size-range, spanning from 60 nm (polyester-DOM) to 937 nm (LDPE-DOM), while Zeta potentials, which were predominantly negatively charged, varied from -42.5 mV (nylon-DOM) to +4.6 mV (LMW-PVC-DOM). Degradation rate constants for CDOM (0.001-0.022 h-1) were generally higher than DOC (0.0009-0.020 h-1), with a shorter half-life for PETE- and PS-derived DOM. The reactivity and degradation kinetics of plastic-derived DOM were notably manifested in changes of fluorescence spectra (excitation-emission matrixes) during photochemical weathering, showing the influence of polymeric composition/structures. This baseline study provides an improved understanding of the characterization and environmental fate of microfiber- and plastic-derived DOM in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M Schutte
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA; Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, 260 W. Seeboth Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Shimaa M Kteeba
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA; Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
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3
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Li L, Cao X, Bu C, Wu P, Tian B, Dai Y, Ren Y. Effects of acid mine drainage on photochemical and biological degradation of dissolved organic matter in karst river water. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:26-38. [PMID: 37778801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be removed or transformed by photochemical and biological processes, producing the negative effect of transforming organic carbon into inorganic carbon, which plays a vital role in the karst carbon cycle. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) will affect this process, so the degradation of DOM in karst river water (KRW) needs to be studied in this context. In this study, to reveal the evolution processes of DOM under photochemical and biological conditions in AMD-impacted KRW, AMD and KRW were mixed in different ratios under conditions of visible light irradiation (VL), biodegradation (BD), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and ultraviolet irradiation + biodegradation (UV+BD). The average DOC concentrations in samples after mixing AMD and KRW in different proportions decreased significantly (by 23%) in UV+BD, which was 1.2-1.4 times higher than under the other conditions and would lead to a significant release of inorganic carbon. Further analysis of the fluorescence parameters via parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed that the DOM fluorescence components in AMD comprised mainly protein-like substances derived from autochthonous components, while the DOM fluorescence components in KRW were mainly humic-like substances with both autochthonous and allochthonous sources. Therefore, AMD could promote both the photochemical and biological degradation of DOM in karst receiving streams, resulting in the conversion of DOC to inorganic carbon. The results showed that the synergistic effects of UV+BD and AMD accelerated the degradation of DOM and the release of inorganic carbon in KRW, thus affecting the stability of the karst carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingxing Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chujie Bu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Biao Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongheng Dai
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yeye Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yan X, An J, Zhang Y, Wei S, He W, Zhou Q. Photochemical degradation in natural attenuation of characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons (C 10-C 40) in crude oil polluted soil by simulated long term solar irradiation. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132259. [PMID: 37633018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation process plays an important role in the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in oil contaminated soil. The photodegradation characteristics of PHs (C10-C40) in topsoil of crude oil contaminated soil irradiated by simulated sunlight in 280 d without microbial action were investigated. The results showed that photodegradation rate of PHs was increased with increasing the light intensity and decreased with increasing the initial concentration of PHs. Moreover, the photodegradation capacity of tested PHs was relevant to the length of carbon chain. The photodegradation rates of C10-C20 were higher than that of C21-C40 in photoperiod. C21-C40 showed an obvious trend of photodegradation after 56 d, although their photodegradation rates were less than 20% at the early stage. And, the redundancy analysis indicated that lighting time was the primary factor for photodegradation of PHs under abiotic conditions. The photodegradation rate was well interpreted by a two-stage, first-order kinetic law with a faster initial photolysis rate. The EPR spectrums showed that simulated solar irradiation accelerated the generation of superoxide radicals, which could react with PHs in soil. Also, the function groups in PHs polluted soil were changed after light exposure, which might imply the possible photodegradation pathway of PHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Liu Z, Sun X, Fu J, Liu W, Cai Z. Elevated nitrate promoted photodegradation of PAHs in aqueous phase: Implications for the increased nutrient discharge. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130143. [PMID: 36252403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently released in aqueous phase by oil spill or from other sources, and photochemical oxidation is one of their major weathering processes. In this study, the photochemical behavior of phenanthrene (PHE, as a representative PAH) were studied and the effects of nitrogenous compounds were evaluated. The results showed that nitrate was an effective photosensitizer for improving the photodegradation of PHE, but the promoting effect was less effective in seawater due to the presence of halogen ions; the ammonia played a negligible role on PHE degradation. The photochemical ionization was a key process for PHE degradation, it can be retarded due to the quenching of triplet excited state by dissolved oxygen, and the inhibition was most prominent in fresh water. The presence of nitrate increased the steady state concentration of •OH from 2.08 × 10-15 M to 1.04 × 10-14 M in fresh water, and from 1.5 × 10-16 M to 2.08 × 10-15 M in seawater. The secondary-order reaction rate constant between PHE and •OH (k•OH,PHE) was determined as 5.70 × 109 M-1 s-1. Similar trend was observed for 1O2. The contribution of •OH to PHE removal was more prominent in fresh water than in seawater due to the quenching effects of halogen, and the increasing of nitrate enlarged the contribution of •OH. Two possible PHE degradation pathways were proposed based on GC-MS analysis and DFT calculation. The Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) evaluation showed that some degradation intermediates were more toxic than PHE, but the total environmental risk was still diminished due to the low percentage of toxic intermediates. This study provided theoretical and experimental insights into the influence of nitrogenous compounds on the photodegradation of PHAs in water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianbo Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Qiu Y, Wang L. Imidazolium ionic liquids as potential persistent pollutants in aqueous environments: Indirect photochemical degradation kinetics and mechanism. Environ Res 2022; 211:113031. [PMID: 35283072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) with promising application are likely to become ubiquitous contaminants in water environment for their high hydrophilicity, low biodegradability, and especially its potential toxicity. In this work, we have investigated photochemical transformation of six imidazolium ILs for fate prediction and ecological risk assessment. We found that the reaction rates of the ILs with •OH, CO3•─ and 1O2 enhanced with their increasing alkyl chain and varied slightly with the paired anions. Meanwhile, modelled results under different scenarios indicate that the primary contributors to transformation of the ILs are triplet-stated dissolved matter (3CDOM*), •OH and CO3•-. Besides, the overall half-lives of the ILs can reach 670 days, which indicates persistence of these ILs in the environment. Products for ILs in reaction with •OH and triplet-stated sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (3AQ2S*) were probed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and there is a difference between their products: Products by •OH are likely formed by hydrogen abstraction from the side alkyl chain, followed by dehydrogenation, hydroxylation and carbonylation, while one of the products by 3AQ2S* is formed by dihydroxyl-addition of the imidazolium ring. Furthermore, the ILs and its products were estimated to have toxicity and non-readily biodegradability, suggesting potential eco-risk for the environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qiu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Song X, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Xie X, Wu J, Wei Z, Yang H, Zhang S, Song C, Jia L. Photodegradation, bacterial metabolism, and photosynthesis drive the dissolved organic matter cycle in the Heilongjiang River. Chemosphere 2022; 295:133923. [PMID: 35143859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of DOM cycling in the water column during different seasons have not been fully elucidated to date. The differences in DOM degradation in summer, autumn, and winter water columns were evaluated in this study. The results showed that bacteria played an essential role in the degradation of DOM in the summer water column. Photochemical degradation was the primary degradation pathway of DOM in the autumn and winter water columns. Notably, while DOM is degraded, photosynthetic bacteria produce organic matter through photosynthesis to replenish the water column. EEM-PARAFAC analysis indicated more tryptophan component C1 in summer, but the contents of humic substance component C2 and terrestrial substance C3 were higher in autumn and winter. In summer, more tryptophan-like components were consumed by bacteria, and Cyanobacteria produced more organic matter through photosynthesis to replenish the water column. Moreover, a similar bacterial community structure and a more active tryptophan biosynthesis pathway were found in autumn and winter. Random forest models identified representative bacteria involved in the DOM transformation process in different seasons. The above findings may be helpful to explore the degradation characteristics of DOM in different seasons and predict the fate of DOM in the water column in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shubo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Liming Jia
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150056, China
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Kalidhasan S, Lee HY. Preparation of TiO 2-deposited silica-based catalysts for photocatalytic decomposition of chloro-pesticide to environmentally less toxic species. Chemosphere 2022; 290:133300. [PMID: 34914956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) loaded into montmorillonite (MK10) and sand is presented as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) as a model organic pollutant in the aqueous phase. The catalyst was synthesized by incorporating titanium isopropoxide as a precursor into MK10 through a simple solvent impregnation method, followed by direct calcination. The same protocol was applied to a clean quartz matrix. The resulting catalysts were characterized in detail using a variety of techniques. The TiO2 deposited MK10 and sand exhibited photochemical removal of DCB (>99% of 100 mg L-1) from the aqueous phase; this process followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model values in the range of Qe:111-113 mg g-1 and K2: 4-5 × 10-4 g mg-1 min-1. The kinetic plots indicate that after 30 min, the intermediates start to decrease and complete degradation occurs in 180 min. The modified materials showed fast DCB degradation kinetics under photochemical reaction conditions and adsorption under dark reaction conditions. The unmodified matrix adsorbed 99.12-99.88% of the DCB under both dark and light reaction conditions. These photocatalysts are stable, reusable, and least amount of titanium leaching. The simple two step synthesis, and high photocatalytic performance (with 10 mg of the catalyst without any oxidants) of our catalysts can be promising in environmental applications to treat similar organic pollutants in wastewater. These catalysts have enhanced activity and durability for environmental catalytic pollutant degradation reactions and can provide insights beyond single metal oxide catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis at diverse operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sethu Kalidhasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 234, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Hee-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea.
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Fernandez P, van Drooge BL, Arellano L, Grimalt JO. Atmospheric deposition of semivolatile organic pollutants in European high mountains: Sources, settling and chemical degradation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 784:147099. [PMID: 33895512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bulk atmospheric deposition samples, including wet and dry deposition, were collected during 2004-2006 in four high mountain European lakes: Skalnate Pleso (Tatra mountains, Slovakia), Gossenköllesee (Alps, Austria), Redon (Pyrenees, Spain), and Lochnagar (Grampian Mountains, Scotland). Samples were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), endosulfans, and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The deposition of PCBs, HCHs, and low brominated BDEs reflected baseline contributions from long range atmospheric transport. This was also the case for PAHs in Redon and Gossenköllesee, endosulfans in Lochnagar and Gossenköllesee and HCB in these three lakes. However, Skalnate received PAHs, endosulfans, and HCB from regional sources as it was the case for endosulfans in Redon. The distinct origin of these pollutants was reflected in the relative composition of some metabolites such as the proportion of endosulfan sulfate vs α- and β-endosulfans or the relative composition of BDE47 and BDE99. Wet deposition was the main process for atmospheric removal of PAHs, HCHs, and HCB. In addition, warm season revolatilization from soils and melting snow with subsequent condensation at low temperature were significant for volatile PAHs, HCB, low chlorinated PCBs, and endosulfans. Reaction with OH radicals was not a significant loss process of HCHs and HCB in remote areas, dominated by wet deposition, whereas PCBs and PAHs were significantly removed by both wet deposition and OH radical oxidation, the latter dominating in the highest altitude sites. Photolysis was the main atmospheric removal process of PBDEs, dominating over atmospheric deposition and OH depletion in all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Fernandez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arellano
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Razzell Hollis J, Fornaro T, Rapin W, Wade J, Vicente-Retortillo Á, Steele A, Bhartia R, Beegle LW. Detection and Degradation of Adenosine Monophosphate in Perchlorate-Spiked Martian Regolith Analog, by Deep-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. Astrobiology 2021; 21:511-525. [PMID: 33493410 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The search for organic biosignatures on Mars will depend on finding material protected from the destructive ambient radiation. Solar ultraviolet can induce photochemical degradation of organic compounds, but certain clays have been shown to preserve organic material. We examine how the SHERLOC instrument on the upcoming Mars 2020 mission will use deep-ultraviolet (UV) (248.6 nm) Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy to detect a plausible biosignature of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) adsorbed onto Ca-montmorillonite clay. We found that the spectral signature of AMP is not altered by adsorption in the clay matrix but does change with prolonged exposure to the UV laser over dosages equivalent to 0.2-6 sols of ambient martian UV. For pure AMP, UV exposure leads to breaking of the aromatic adenine unit, but in the presence of clay the degradation is limited to minor alteration with new Raman peaks and increased fluorescence consistent with formation of 2-hydroxyadenosine, while 1 wt % Mg perchlorate increases the rate of degradation. Our results confirm that clays are effective preservers of organic material and should be considered high-value targets, but that pristine biosignatures may be altered within 1 sol of martian UV exposure, with implications for Mars 2020 science operations and sample caching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Razzell Hollis
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Teresa Fornaro
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Florence, Italy
| | - William Rapin
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Sorbonne Université, IMPMC, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Andrew Steele
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Luther W Beegle
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Wu J, Gao Y, Qin Y, Li G, An T. Photochemical degradation of fragrance ingredient benzyl formate in water: Mechanism and toxicity assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111950. [PMID: 33493723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, fragrance ingredients have attracted increasing attention due to their imperceptible risks accompanying the comfortable feeling. To understand transformation mechanisms and toxicity evolution of benzyl formate (BF) in environment, its photochemical degradation in water was thoroughly studied herein. Results showed that 83.5% BF was degraded under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 30 min. Laser flash photolysis and quenching experiments demonstrated that triplet excited state (3BF*), O2•-, and 1O2 were three main reactive species found during BF photodegradation. Eight degradation intermediates, including benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, o-cresol, bibenzyl, benzyl ether, 1,2-diphenylethanol, benzoic acid, and benzylhemiformal, were mainly formed as identified by LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS analyses. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was explained as the bond cleavage of 3BF* and BF•+, O2•-/1O2 oxidation, eaq- reduction, and •OH addition reactions. Aquatic assessment suggests that except benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and benzylhemiformal, all the products were persistent and could result in increased aquatic toxicity compared to original BF. Consequently, these degradation products may cause more toxicity to organisms if they remain accumulated in water environment for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Jiang P, Qiu J, Gao Y, Stefan MI, Li XF. Nontargeted identification and predicted toxicity of new byproducts generated from UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Water Res 2021; 188:116542. [PMID: 33128979 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of byproducts including intermediate transformation products (TPs) of micropollutants in source water is challenging and paramount for assessment of drinking water quality and treatment technologies. Here, we have developed a nontargeted analysis strategy coupled with computational toxicity assessment to identify indistinguishable TPs including isomers with large differences in toxicity. The new strategy was applied to study the UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), and it enabled successful identification of a total of 22 organic TPs. Particularly, the structures of nine new TPs were identified for the first time; in addition, three isomers (P2, P3, and P4) were distinguished from the toxic contaminant 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OH-BT). Computational assessments indicate that estrogenic activity of the three isomers (P2-P4) is higher than that of 2-OH-BT. Mass balance study shows that the 22 organic products accounted for 70% of the 2-MBT degraded, while 30% may degrade to inorganic products. Most TPs are resistant to UV photolysis. Computational toxicity assessment predicted the TPs to increase inhibition of human thyroperoxidase activity although they have lower aquatic toxicity compared to original 2-MBT. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring the 2-MBT photodegradation products and the overall toxicity of finished water whose production included a UV light-based treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Junlang Qiu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mihaela I Stefan
- Trojan Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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13
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Chen C, Chen L, Li Y, Fu W, Shi X, Duan J, Zhang W. Impacts of microplastics on organotins' photodegradation in aquatic environments. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115686. [PMID: 33254701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in natural waters and affect the environmental fate of hydrophobic organic micropollutants. This study evaluated the impacts of four microplastics, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), on the photodegradation of organotin compounds (OTCs) under UV365 irradiation (2.3 ± 0.1 W m-2). The experiments were performed by mixing PP, PE, PS or PMMA microparticles with tri-organotins in artificial seawater. The photodegradation of OTCs in microplastic suspensions was influenced by the absorptivity onto microplastics. The decomposition rate of tributyltin (TBT) in UV-irradiated PP suspensions was greater than trimethyltin (TMT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) (p < 0.01). The adsorption capacities of OTCs (e.g., TBT) on PP particle surfaces were significantly lower than those on PE surfaces (p < 0.05) but similar with those on PMMA due to the different surface areas, shapes, and surface hydrophobicity of microplastics. TBT degraded faster (9.1%) in PS than in PMMA suspension (11.2%) within 240 min, respectively. However, only less than 5.4% was photodegraded in PP suspension due to the light scattering or absorption of the large sized PP particles. This study provided new insight into the impacts of microplastics on photodegradation of micropollutants in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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14
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Xiong J, Li G, Peng P, Gelman F, Ronen Z, An T. Mechanism investigation and stable isotope change during photochemical degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in water under LED white light irradiation. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127378. [PMID: 32554023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light driven degradation is very promising for pollutants remediation. In the present work, photochemical reaction of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) under LED white light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation system was investigated to figure out the TBBPA photochemical degradation pathways and isotope fractionation patterns associated with transformation mechanisms. Results indicated that photochemical degradation of TBBPA would happen only with addition to humic acid in air bubbling but not in N2 bubbling. For photochemical reaction of TBBPA, singlet oxygen (1O2) was found to be important reactive oxygen species for the photochemical degradation of TBBPA. 2,6-Dibromo-4-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone and two isopropyl phenol derivatives were identified as the photochemical degradation intermediates by 1O2. 2,6-Dibromo-4-(1-methoxy-ethyl)-phenol was determined as an intermediate via oxidative skeletal rearrangement, reduction and O-methylation. Hydrolysis product hydroxyl-tribromobisphenol A was also observed in the reductive debromination process. In addition, to deeply explore the mechanism, carbon and bromine isotope analysis were performed using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) and gas chromatography-multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC/MC/ICPMS) during the photochemical degradation of TBBPA. The results showed that photochemical degradation could not result in statistically significant isotope fractionation, indicated that the bond cleavage of C-C and C-Br were not the rate controlling process. Stable isotope of carbon being not fractionated will be useful for distinguishing the pathways of TBBPA and tracing TBBPA fate in water systems. This work sheds light on photochemical degradation mechanisms of brominated organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Sede Boqer, 84990, Israel
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Zhang W, Gao Y, Qin Y, Wang M, Wu J, Li G, An T. Photochemical degradation kinetics and mechanism of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in aqueous solution: A case of 1-chlorodecane. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:362-370. [PMID: 30690232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted worldwide attention in recent years, due to their high production volume, persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. In this study, 1-chlorodecane (CD) was selected as a model of SCCPs to explore its photochemical degradation behavior under UV irradiation. The results found that CD could be completely photochemical degradation within 120 min, and the •OH was found to be the main reactive species from both quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results. However, the contribution of triple excited state of CD (3CD*) was still nonnegligible from the results with the absorption peak at 480 nm obtained by laser flash photolysis. Based on the identified intermediates as well as the data from theoretical chemical calculation, the detailed photochemical degradation mechanism of CD was tentatively proposed that CD firstly was excited and photo-ionized under UV irradiation, and the released Cl• in water could result in generating •OH. Then •OH initiates CD degradation mainly through the H-abstraction pathway, leading to the generation of several dehydrogenation radicals, which further generated alcohols or long chain intermediates through radical-radical reactions. The results will provide a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanism and environmental fates of SCCPs in water under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlan Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junji Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Ray D, Ghosh SK, Raha S. Impacts of photochemical ageing on the half-lives and diagnostic ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons intrinsic to PM 2.5 collected from 'real-world' like combustion events of wood and rice straw burning. J Hazard Mater 2019; 366:10-15. [PMID: 30500693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present experimental study describes the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted with PM2.5 particles during wood and rice straw burning as well as impacts of photochemical ageing on the half lives of particulate PAHs and their diagnostic ratio values. The photochemical degradation kinetics experiments were carried out by exposing the PM2.5 to light and synthetic air flow. Pseudo first order rate constants were calculated based on PAH loss as a function of exposure time. Relatively quick degradation of lighter PAHs (3-rings) [(0.2-0.5)h-1] than heavier PAHs (4-6 rings) [(0.0005-0.03)h-1] indicates substantial impact of PAH-substrate interaction through π-π stacking with the carbonaceous substrates. Moreover, our results showed distinct PAH diagnostic ratios (DR) for wood and rice straw burnings which, however, change with time due to photochemical degradation. The later may add uncertainties in the applications of DR values for source apportionment. Furthermore, considerably large half lives (100-3000 h) of the carcinogenic PAHs as estimated under ambient solar radiation may cause poor and adverse air quality in long range and therefore demands immediate regulations against uncontrolled biomass burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ray
- Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Sanjay K Ghosh
- Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Block-EN, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India; Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
| | - Sibaji Raha
- Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India; Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Block-EN, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India; Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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17
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Hua X, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Dong D, Guo Z. Role of dissolved organic matter from natural biofilms in oxytetracycline photodegradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30271-30280. [PMID: 30155636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most important factors that influence the photodegradation of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. However, the mechanisms by which DOM produced by natural biofilms (BDOM) influences photodegradation are poorly understood. Here, the influences of BDOM and fulvic acid (FA) as model DOM on the photodegradation of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated, and the differences between the characteristics of BDOM and FA were determined by ultraviolet, infrared, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analyses. In addition, an experiment on the scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also conducted to explore related mechanisms. The results indicated that the aromaticity degree and molecular weight of BDOM were lower than those of FA. The OTC photodegradation rates increased from 9.7 × 10-2 to 19.9 × 10-2 min-1 with increasing BDOM concentration, while they decreased from 8.9 × 10-2 to 5.6 × 10-2 min-1 with increasing FA concentration. Excited triplet-state BDOM (3BDOM*) and singlet oxygen (1O2) simultaneously promoted the photodegradation of H2OTC and HOTC-. However, FA inhibited OTC photodegradation through strong light-shielding effects. These results are beneficial for understanding the effects of natural biofilms on the antibiotic photodegradation in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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18
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Xu H, Guan DX, Zou L, Lin H, Guo L. Contrasting effects of photochemical and microbial degradation on Cu(II) binding with fluorescent DOM from different origins. Environ Pollut 2018; 239:205-214. [PMID: 29655067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of photochemical and microbial degradation on variations in composition and molecular-size of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different sources (algal and soil) and the subsequent influence on Cu(II) binding were investigated using UV-Vis, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis, flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), and metal titration. The degradation processes resulted in an initial rapid decline in the bulk dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric and fluorescent DOM components, followed by a small or little decrease. Specifically, photochemical reaction decreased the aromaticity, humification and apparent molecular weights of all DOM samples, whereas a reverse trend was observed during microbial degradation. The FlFFF fractograms revealed that coagulation of both protein- and humic-like DOM induced an increase in molecular weights for algal-DOM, while the molecular weight enhancement for allochthonous soil samples was mainly attributed to the self-assembly of humic-like components. The Cu(II) binding capacity of algal-derived humic-like and fulvic-like DOM consistently increased during photo- and bio-degradation, while the soil-derived DOM exhibited a slight decline in Cu(II) binding capacity during photo-degradation but a substantial increase during microbial degradation, indicating source- and degradation-dependent metal binding heterogeneities. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the Cu(II) binding potential was mostly related with aromaticity and molecular size for allochthonous soil-derived DOM, but was regulated by both DOM properties and specific degradation processes for autochthonous algal-derived DOM. This study highlighted the coupling role of inherent DOM properties and external environmental processes in regulating metal binding, and provided new insights into metal-DOM interactions and the behavior and fate of DOM-bound metals in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zou
- School of Naval Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
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19
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Li L, Zhu B, Yan X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Jiang G. Effect of silver sulfide nanoparticles on photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter in surface water. Chemosphere 2018; 193:1113-1119. [PMID: 29874739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNPs) have shown photocatalytic activity, yet little is known about the effect of Ag2SNPs on the photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water, which seriously impairs understanding of Ag2SNPs' environmental risks. Herein, this study on the basis of electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) showed for the first time that photodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM, 2R101 N) could be accelerated by both bared and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag2SNPs; the NOM with Ag2SNPs (e.g., 500 μg/L) exposed to light irradiation for 96 h showed molecular formulas with lower O/C ratios as compared to the NOM alone. Also, added number of points (ranging from 1 to 2 carboxyl groups) having the same Kendrick mass defect (KMD) (COO) values and higher intensity in smaller Kendrick mass (KM) (COO) values were observed in NOM with Ag2SNPs compared to NOM alone. However, negligible effects of Ag2SNPs on photodegradation of humic acid (HA, 2S101H) were observed, even when the concentration of Ag2SNPs was as high as 5 mg/L. Besides molecular characteristics, a great reduction in organic carbon content of NOM within 96 h was only observed in the presence of Ag2SNPs under light condition. More importantly, the enhanced photodegradation of DOM by Ag2SNPs even at a concentration of 100 μg/L was also validated in surface water. These findings suggest that Ag2SNPs have the potential to accelerate the photochemical degradation of DOM in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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20
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Gmurek M, Olak-Kucharczyk M, Ledakowicz S. Influence of dissolved organic matter in natural and simulated water on the photochemical decomposition of butylparaben. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13:28. [PMID: 25883787 PMCID: PMC4399112 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades the quality of natural water has often deteriorated as a variety of novel pollutants have contaminated rivers and lakes. Trace amounts of some man-made chemicals can be hazardous to plants, animals as well as human health as carcinogens, mutagens or endocrine disruptors. Light radiation may help in its decomposition, aided by naturally occurring colored organic compounds (humic substances) in the water. The aim of these studies was to check the influence of presence of organic and inorganic matter on the removal of endocrine disrupting compound - butylparaben (BP) from water. METHODS Photochemical decomposition of BP in aqueous solution using: photolysis by ultraviolet-C (UVC) and visible (VIS) irradiation, advanced oxidation in H2O2/UV system and photosensitized oxidation was examined. The degradation processes were carried out in different type of water matrix: natural water from Sulejow Reservoir, simulated natural water with humic acids and buffered solution. RESULTS The presence of dissolved organic matter in water did not influence much on UVC photolysis and increases only about 8% of BP depletion rate in H2O2/UV system. While during visible light photolysis and photosensitized oxidation the addition of natural water matrix causes the acceleration of reaction rate by 16% and 36%, respectively. Moreover BP degradation proceeds via singlet oxygen generated from humic substances. CONCLUSIONS Butylparaben undergoes both direct and indirect photodegradation in aqueous solution under UVC and visible radiation. The efficiency of the H2O2/UV process, photolysis as well as photosensitized oxidation processes is strongly dependent on composition of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gmurek
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olak-Kucharczyk
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ledakowicz
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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