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Li J, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Wang J, Dai R, Zhang W, Xu H, Shen H, Shen G, Cheng H, Ma J, Tao S. Mitigating black carbon emissions: key drivers in residential usage and coke/brick production. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae283. [PMID: 39301071 PMCID: PMC11409891 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a crucial air pollutant that contributes to short-lived climate forcing and adverse health impacts. BC emissions have rapidly declined over the past three decades and it is important to uncover the major factors behind this decline. Herein, the temporal trends in BC emissions were compiled from 146 detailed sources from 1960 to 2019. Results revealed that the major emission sources were residential solid fuel usage, coke production and brick production. Furthermore, 96.9% of the emission reduction from 3.03 Tg in 1995 to 1.02 Tg in 2019 was attributed to these three sources. It was determined that the transition in residential energy/stove usage, phasing-out of beehive coke ovens and brick kiln upgrading were the most important drivers leading to this reduction and will continue to play a key role in future emission mitigation. In addition, this study identified the need to address emissions from coal used in vegetable greenhouses and the commercial sector, and diesel consumption in on/off-road vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuxiu Zheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinghang Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Dai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Duan Z, Wei T, Xie P, Lu Y. Co-benefits and influencing factors exploration of air pollution and carbon reduction in China: Based on marginal abatement costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118742. [PMID: 38570132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the pressing need for cost-effective emission reduction strategies that maximize co-benefits in terms of air pollution and carbon emissions. Our research contributes to the literature by accurately measuring these co-benefits, thereby facilitating their prompt realization in different regions. We employ an input-output framework that integrates carbon emissions and air pollution, allowing us to calculate marginal abatement costs using the shadow price of undesired output. Through this approach, we quantify the co-benefits and analyze the factors influencing them at both spatiotemporal and factor levels using spatial kernel density and geographical detectors. Our findings reveal several key insights: (1) under joint emission reduction efforts, we observe average annual reduction rates of 6.46% for marginal pollution and 6.10% for carbon reduction costs. Importantly, we document an increase in co-benefits from 0.50 to 0.86, characterized by an initial fluctuation followed by a linear increase. (2) the marginal cost difference for carbon emission and pollution reduction in western China was 179.45 and 155.08 respectively, compared to 321.51 and 124.70 in the Northeast, highlighting the crucial role of regional differences in shaping co-benefit outcomes. (3) we identify a negative spatial spillover effect between provinces, which diminishes over time, leading to heterogeneous effects when local provincial co-benefits exceed a threshold of 0.9. (4) during the adjustment period, we find that the industrial structure exerts significant single and interactive effects on co-benefits. Additionally, we highlight the critical role of environmental governance investment and government intervention as drivers of co-benefits in the current era. By offering the quantification of co-benefits under the marginal abatement costs, our study provides valuable scientific insights for planning and implementing effective synergy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Duan
- School of Business, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tie Wei
- School of Business, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Pin Xie
- School of Business, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yilong Lu
- School of Economics, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Zhang W, Zhang P, Zhao J, Wang F, Shang Y, Fang P, Xue W, Zhang P, Song L, Jiang H, Wang J, Li J. The uneven distribution of health benefits and economic costs from clean heating in rural Northern China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1852-1856. [PMID: 38724305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China; The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China; The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Business, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Institute of Climate Economy and Low-carbon Industry, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yuzhu Shang
- School of Business, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Pei Fang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China; Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China.
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lingling Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China; The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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Adnan M, Xiao B, Ali MU, Xiao P, Zhao P, Wang H, Bibi S. Heavy metals pollution from smelting activities: A threat to soil and groundwater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116189. [PMID: 38461579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the literature, the word "heavy metal" (HM) has been utilized to describe soil contamination; in this context, we characterize it as those elements with a density greater than 5 g per cubic centimeter. Contamination is one of the major global health concerns, especially in China. China's rapid urbanization over the past decades has caused widespread urban water, air, and soil degradation. This study provides a complete assessment of the soil contamination caused by heavy metals in China's mining and smelting regions. The study of heavy metals (HMs) includes an examination of their potential adverse impacts, their origins, and strategies for the remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals in soil can be linked to both natural and anthropogenic processes. Studies have demonstrated that soils contaminated with heavy metals present potential health risks to individuals. Children are more vulnerable to the effects of heavy metal pollution than adults. The results highlight the significance of heavy metal pollution caused by mining and smelting operations in China. Soil contaminated with heavy metals poses significant health concerns, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, particularly to children and individuals living in heavily polluted mining and smelting areas. Implementing physical, chemical, and biological remediation techniques is the most productive approach for addressing heavy metal-contaminated soil. Among these methods, phytoremediation has emerged as a particularly advantageous option due to its cost-effectiveness and environmentally favorable characteristics. Monitoring heavy metals in soils is of utmost importance to facilitate the implementation of improved management and remediation techniques for contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Baohua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Department of Soil Sciences, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Peiwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shaheen Bibi
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Meng W, Kiesewetter G, Zhang S, Schöpp W, Rafaj P, Klimont Z, Tao S. Costs and Benefits of Household Fuel Policies and Alternative Strategies in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21662-21672. [PMID: 38079372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is still one of the most severe problems in northern China, especially in the Jing-Jin-Ji region around Beijing. In recent years, China has implemented many stringent policies to address the air quality issue, including promoting energy transition toward cleaner fuels in residential sectors. But until 2020, even in the Jing-Jin-Ji region, nearly half of the rural households still use solid fuels for heating. For residents who are not covered by the clean heating campaign, we analyze five potential mitigation strategies and evaluate their environmental effects as well as the associated health benefits and costs. We estimate that substitution with electricity or gas would reduce air pollution and premature mortality more strongly, while the relatively low investment costs of implementing clean coal or biomass pellet lead to a larger benefit-cost ratio, indicating higher cost efficiency. Hence, clean coal or biomass pellet could be transitional substitution options for the less developed or remote areas which cannot afford a total transition toward electricity or natural gas in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Shu Tao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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