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He L, Cheng F, Wu F, Zhang K, Zhang L, Du Y, Zhou Z, Li H, Kuang J, Zeng X, Yu Z, You J. Identifying and prioritizing organic toxicants in treated flowback and produced water from shale gas exploitation sites using an integrative effect-directed analysis and nontarget screening method. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 277:123311. [PMID: 39983266 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
The use of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas exploitation has generated substantial amount of flowback and produced water (FPW), and ecological risk of these highly complex chemical mixtures has raised worldwide concern. Herein, an integrative effect-directed analysis (EDA) and nontarget screening (NTS) workflow was developed to identify and prioritize main toxicants in the treated FPW (T-FPW). The workflow included sample extraction and fractionation, zebrafish embryo toxicity tests, target and nontarget chemical analyses, and toxicity prioritization and confirmation using toxicological priority index (ToxPi). Results showed that less hydrophobic compounds (log Kow < 3.7) which were used in fracturing fluid and their degradation products were the potentially high-risk toxicants in T-FPW. Thirty-nine target compounds identified in toxic fraction explained 4.82% of the mortality. Additional 584 nontarget contaminants were annotated by NTS. Risk prioritization was achieved for 470 identified contaminants with ecotoxicity data available using a ToxPi method. Six nontarget toxicants were identified with higher ecological risks than all target contaminants, and their presence in FPW were confirmed using reference standards. A principal component analysis of NTS features revealed that EDA fractionation reduced mixture complexity and focused toxicant screening, which significantly improved NTS efficiency, highlighting advantages of integrative EDA and NTS for mixture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Keshuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yingqi Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | | | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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2
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Alvarez-Mora I, Arturi K, Béen F, Buchinger S, El Mais AER, Gallampois C, Hahn M, Hollender J, Houtman C, Johann S, Krauss M, Lamoree M, Margalef M, Massei R, Brack W, Muz M. Progress, applications, and challenges in high-throughput effect-directed analysis for toxicity driver identification - is it time for HT-EDA? Anal Bioanal Chem 2025; 417:451-472. [PMID: 38992177 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the production and global use of chemicals and their mixtures has raised concerns about their potential impact on human and environmental health. With advances in analytical techniques, in particular, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), thousands of compounds and transformation products with potential adverse effects can now be detected in environmental samples. However, identifying and prioritizing the toxicity drivers among these compounds remain a significant challenge. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) emerged as an important tool to address this challenge, combining biotesting, sample fractionation, and chemical analysis to unravel toxicity drivers in complex mixtures. Traditional EDA workflows are labor-intensive and time-consuming, hindering large-scale applications. The concept of high-throughput (HT) EDA has recently gained traction as a means of accelerating these workflows. Key features of HT-EDA include the combination of microfractionation and downscaled bioassays, automation of sample preparation and biotesting, and efficient data processing workflows supported by novel computational tools. In addition to microplate-based fractionation, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) offers an interesting alternative to HPLC in HT-EDA. This review provides an updated perspective on the state-of-the-art in HT-EDA, and novel methods/tools that can be incorporated into HT-EDA workflows. It also discusses recent studies on HT-EDA, HT bioassays, and computational prioritization tools, along with considerations regarding HPTLC. By identifying current gaps in HT-EDA and proposing new approaches to overcome them, this review aims to bring HT-EDA a step closer to monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Katarzyna Arturi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Béen
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Chemistry for Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
| | | | | | - Meike Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Corine Houtman
- Chemistry for Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Water Laboratory, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Johann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Chemistry for Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Margalef
- Chemistry for Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Massei
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Research Data Management Team (RDM), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Group of Integrative Toxicology (iTox), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Melis Muz
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Cheng F, Escher BI, Li H, König M, Tong Y, Huang J, He L, Wu X, Lou X, Wang D, Wu F, Pei Y, Yu Z, Brooks BW, Zeng EY, You J. Deep Learning Bridged Bioactivity, Structure, and GC-HRMS-Readable Evidence to Decipher Nontarget Toxicants in Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15415-15427. [PMID: 38696305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Identifying causative toxicants in mixtures is critical, but this task is challenging when mixtures contain multiple chemical classes. Effect-based methods are used to complement chemical analyses to identify toxicants, yet conventional bioassays typically rely on an apical and/or single endpoint, providing limited diagnostic potential to guide chemical prioritization. We proposed an event-driven taxonomy framework for mixture risk assessment that relied on high-throughput screening bioassays and toxicant identification integrated by deep learning. In this work, the framework was evaluated using chemical mixtures in sediments eliciting aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation and oxidative stress response. Mixture prediction using target analysis explained <10% of observed sediment bioactivity. To identify additional contaminants, two deep learning models were developed to predict fingerprints of a pool of bioactive substances (event driver fingerprint, EDFP) and convert these candidates to MS-readable information (event driver ion, EDION) for nontarget analysis. Two libraries with 121 and 118 fingerprints were established, and 247 bioactive compounds were identified at confidence level 2 or 3 in sediment extract using GC-qToF-MS. Among them, 12 toxicants were analytically confirmed using reference standards. Collectively, we present a "bioactivity-signature-toxicant" strategy to deconvolute mixtures and to connect patchy data sets and guide nontarget analysis for diverse chemicals that elicit the same bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Beate I Escher
- Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Maria König
- Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yujun Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiehui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Liwei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaohan Lou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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4
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Liu J, Xiang T, Song XC, Zhang S, Wu Q, Gao J, Lv M, Shi C, Yang X, Liu Y, Fu J, Shi W, Fang M, Qu G, Yu H, Jiang G. High-Efficiency Effect-Directed Analysis Leveraging Five High Level Advancements: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9925-9944. [PMID: 38820315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Organic contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment, with mounting evidence unequivocally connecting them to aquatic toxicity, illness, and increased mortality, underscoring their substantial impacts on ecological security and environmental health. The intricate composition of sample mixtures and uncertain physicochemical features of potential toxic substances pose challenges to identify key toxicants in environmental samples. Effect-directed analysis (EDA), establishing a connection between key toxicants found in environmental samples and associated hazards, enables the identification of toxicants that can streamline research efforts and inform management action. Nevertheless, the advancement of EDA is constrained by the following factors: inadequate extraction and fractionation of environmental samples, limited bioassay endpoints and unknown linkage to higher order impacts, limited coverage of chemical analysis (i.e., high-resolution mass spectrometry, HRMS), and lacking effective linkage between bioassays and chemical analysis. This review proposes five key advancements to enhance the efficiency of EDA in addressing these challenges: (1) multiple adsorbents for comprehensive coverage of chemical extraction, (2) high-resolution microfractionation and multidimensional fractionation for refined fractionation, (3) robust in vivo/vitro bioassays and omics, (4) high-performance configurations for HRMS analysis, and (5) chemical-, data-, and knowledge-driven approaches for streamlined toxicant identification and validation. We envision that future EDA will integrate big data and artificial intelligence based on the development of quantitative omics, cutting-edge multidimensional microfractionation, and ultraperformance MS to identify environmental hazard factors, serving for broader environmental governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xue-Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Huang Z, He L, Li H, Zhao J, Chen T, Feng Z, Li Y, You J. Rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase active contaminants in water: A solid phase microextraction-based ligand fishing approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141976. [PMID: 38608773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been increasingly used for screening toxic contaminants in the environment, but conventional EDA procedures are often time-consuming and labor-extensive. This challenges the use of EDA for toxicant identification in the scenarios when quick answers are demanded. Herein, a solid phase microextraction ligand fishing (SPME-LF) strategy has been proposed as a rapid EDA approach for identifying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) active compounds in water. The feasibility of ligand fishing techniques for screening AChE active chemicals from environmental mixtures was first verified by a membrane separation method. Then, SPME fibers were prepared through self-assembly of boronic acid groups with AChE via co-bonding and applied for SPME-LF. As AChE coated SPME fibers selectively enriched AChE-active compounds from water, comparing sorbing compounds by the SPME fibers with and without AChE coating can quickly distinguish AChE toxicants in mixtures. Compared with conventional EDA, SPME-LF does not require repeating sample separations and bioassays, endowing SPME-LF with the merits of low-cost, labor-saving, and user-friendly. It is believed that cost-efficient and easy-to-use SPME-LF strategy can potentially be a rapid EDA method for screening receptor-specific toxicants in aquatic environment, especially applicable in time-sensitive screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoubing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Liwei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Junbo Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Ziang Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Hu H, Ma P, Li H, You J. Determining buffering capacity of polydimethylsiloxane-based passive dosing for hydrophobic organic compounds in large-volume bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169710. [PMID: 38184249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used material for passive dosing. However, the ability of PDMS to maintain constant water concentrations of chemicals in large-volume bioassays was insufficiently investigated. In this study, we proposed a kinetic-based method to determine the buffering capacity of PDMS for maintaining constant water concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in large-volume bioassays. A good correlation between log Kow and PDMS-water partitioning coefficients (log KPW) was observed for HOCs with log Kow values ranging from 3.30 to 7.42. For low-molecular-weight HOCs, volatile loss was identified as the primary cause of unstable water concentrations in passive dosing systems. Slow desorption from PDMS resulted in a reduction of water concentrations for high-molecular-weight HOCs. The volume ratio of PDMS to water (RV) was the key factor controlling buffering capacity. As such, buffering capacity was defined as the minimum RV required to maintain 90% of the initial water concentration and was determined to be 0.0076-0.032 for six representative HOCs. Finally, passive dosing with an RV of 0.014 was validated to effectively maintain water concentrations of phenanthrene in 2-L and 96-h toxicity tests with adult mosquitofish. By determining buffering capacity of PDMS, this study recommended specific RV values for cost-efficient implementation of passive dosing approaches in aquatic toxicology, particularly in large-volume bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Department of Eco-engineering, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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7
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Hong S, Lee J, Cha J, Gwak J, Khim JS. Effect-Directed Analysis Combined with Nontarget Screening to Identify Unmonitored Toxic Substances in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19148-19155. [PMID: 37972298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) combined with nontarget screening (NTS) has established a valuable tool for the identification of unmonitored toxic substances in environmental samples. It consists of three main steps: (1) highly potent fraction identification, (2) toxicant candidate selection, and (3) major toxicant identification. Here, we discuss the methodology, current status, limitations, and future challenges of EDA combined with NTS. This method has been applied successfully to various environmental samples, such as sediments, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and biota. We present several case studies and highlight key results. EDA has undergone significant technological advancements in the past 20 years, with the establishment of its key components: target chemical analysis, bioassays, fractionation, NTS, and data processing. However, it has not been incorporated widely into environmental monitoring programs. We provide suggestions for the application of EDA combined with NTS in environmental monitoring programs and management, with the identification of further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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8
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Wen H, Shen M, Lai Z, Peng X, Ye YX, Xu J, Ouyang G. Noncovalent Tagging for Identifying Unknown Contaminants of Specific Bioactivity in Environmental Water. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15851-15855. [PMID: 37857307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying contaminants of specific bioactivities from complicated environmental matrices remains costly and time-consuming, as it requires us to not only resolve their structures but also determine their bioactivities. Herein, a novel noncovalent tagging method is integrated in mass spectrometry for identifying unknown contaminants that target dopamine (DA) receptors. Via proteolysis of bovine serum albumin, a stereoselective hexapeptide (ACFAVE) is selected for noncovalently tagging the contaminants that possess the stereostructural characteristics of binding to DA receptors. The tagged contaminants can be readily distinguished from the coexisting species for subsequent structural analysis based on the tagging-induced shifts of the mass-to-charge ratios. Thus, both bioactivity evaluation and structure analysis are accomplished via mass spectrometry. By using this method, 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), a widely used additive in rubber and plastics, is successfully identified out of 2495 features detected in the Pearl River water, with its concentration determined as only 9.8 μg L-1. Furthermore, DPG is confirmed as a potential disrupter to the DA receptors via a simulated docking experiment, which has not been reported before. The present noncovalent tagging method provides a cost-effective and time-efficient way of identifying bioactive molecules in complicated matrices. And proteolysis of proteins is promising for developing more taggants with other desired stereoselectivities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Minhui Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhisheng Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoru Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
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9
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Ruan T, Li P, Wang H, Li T, Jiang G. Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Organic Pollutants: From an Analytical and Toxicological Perspective. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10584-10640. [PMID: 37531601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing attention. The contribution of unidentified chemical components is considered as the most significant knowledge gap in understanding the combined effects of pollutant mixtures. To address this issue, remarkable analytical breakthroughs have recently been made. In this review, the basic principles on recognition of environmental organic pollutants are overviewed. Complementary analytical methodologies (i.e., quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, mass spectrometric nontarget screening, and effect-directed analysis) and experimental platforms are briefly described. The stages of technique development and/or essential parts of the analytical workflow for each of the methodologies are then reviewed. Finally, plausible technique paths and applications of the future nontarget screening methods, interdisciplinary techniques for achieving toxicant identification, and burgeoning strategies on risk assessment of chemical cocktails are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Guo J, Tu K, Zhou C, Lin D, Wei S, Zhang X, Yu H, Shi W. Methodology for Effect-Based Identification of Bioconcentratable Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in Water: Establishment, Validation, and Application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6284-6295. [PMID: 37013483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the wide occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water is associated with various adverse effects in aquatic organisms, it is urgent to identify key bioconcentratable EDCs. Currently, bioconcentration is generally ignored during the identification of key EDCs. Thus, a methodology for effect-based identification of bioconcentratable EDCs was established in Microcosm, validated in the field, and applied to typical surface water in Taihu Lake. In Microcosm, an inverted U-shaped relationship between logBCFs and logKows was observed for typical EDCs, with medium hydrophobic EDCs (3 ≤ logKow ≤ 7) exhibiting the greatest bioconcentration potentials. On this basis, enrichment methods for bioconcentratable EDCs were established using POM and LDPE, which better fitted the bioconcentration characteristics and enabled the enrichment of 71 ± 8% and 69 ± 6% bioconcentratable compounds. The enrichment methods were validated in the field, where LDPE exhibited a more significant correlation with the bioconcentration characteristics than POM, with mean correlation coefficients of 0.36 and 0.15, respectively, which was selected for further application. By application of the new methodology in Taihu Lake, 7 EDCs were prioritized from 79 identified EDCs as key bioconcentratable EDCs on consideration of their great abundance, bioconcentration potentials, and anti-androgenic potencies. The established methodology could support the evaluation and identification of bioconcentratable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Keng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Die Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Liu Y, Li F, Li H, Tong Y, Li W, Xiong J, You J. Bioassay-based identification and removal of target and suspect toxicants in municipal wastewater: Impacts of chemical properties and transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129426. [PMID: 35897175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater contains numerous chemicals and transformation products with highly diverse physiochemical properties and intrinsic toxicity; thus, it is imperative but challenging to identify major toxicants. Herein, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to identify major toxicants in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Impacts of chemical properties on the removal of contaminants and toxicity at individual treatment stages were also examined. The WWTP influent caused 100% death of Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos, and toxicity characterization suggested that organics, metals, and volatiles all contributed to the toxicity. Toxicity identification based on 189 target and approximately one-thousand suspect chemicals showed that toxicity contributions of organic contaminants, metals, and ammonia to D. magna were 77%, 4%, and 19%, respectively. Galaxolide, pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, octinoxate, silver, and ammonia were identified as potential toxicants. Comparatively, the detected transformation products elicited lower toxicity than their respective parent contaminants. In contrast, the analyzed contaminants showed negligible contributions to the toxicity of zebrafish embryos. Removal efficiencies of these toxicants in WWTP were highly related to their hydrophobicity. Diverse transformation and removal efficiencies of contaminants in WWTPs may influence the chemical compositions in effluent and ultimately the risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China
| | - Faxu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China.
| | - Yujun Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China
| | - Weizong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China
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12
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Ma Q, Liu Y, Yang X, Guo Y, Xiang T, Wang Y, Yan Y, Li D, Nie T, Li Z, Qu G, Jiang G. Effect-directed analysis for revealing aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in sediment samples from an electronic waste recycling town in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119659. [PMID: 35738515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to electronic and electrical waste (e-waste) has been related to a few adverse health effects. In this study, sediment samples from an e-waste recycling town in China were collected, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in the samples were identified using an effect-directed analysis (EDA) strategy. The CBG2.8D cell line reporter gene bioassay was used as a toxicity test, while suspect screening against chemical databases was performed for potential AhR agonist identification where both gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analyses were run. When the original sample extract showed high AhR-mediated activity, sample fractionation was performed, and fractions exhibiting high bioactivity were chemically analyzed again to reveal the corresponding AhR agonists. In total, 23 AhR agonists were identified, including 14 commonly known ones and 9 new ones. Benzo [k]fluoranthene and 6-nitrochrysene were the dominant AhR agonists, covering 16-71% and 2.7-12%, respectively, of the AhR activation effects measured in the parent extracts. The newly identified AhR-active chemicals combined explained 0.13-0.20% of the parent extracts' effects, with 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene and 8,9,11-trimethylbenz [a]anthracene being the major contributors. A diagnostic isomer ratio analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggested that the major source of AhR agonists identified in these e-waste related sediment samples were probably petroleum product combustion and biomass combustion. In the future, for a more comprehensive AhR agonist investigation, in-house chemical synthesis and purification, and, when necessary, a secondary sample fractionation, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Nie
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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13
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Qi H, Zhao B, Li L, Qu B. Effect-directed analysis of toxic organics in PM 2.5 exposure to the cellular bioassays in vitro: Application in Shanxi of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113501. [PMID: 35453017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the effect-directed analysis (EDA) approach to identify the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) bound organic toxicants, Jinzhong city, in the Shanxi Province of China, was selected as the object of our study. First, PM2.5 samples were collected and their organic extracts were separated out in 9 fractions (F1-F9) using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography after purification using gel permeation chromatography. Second, the toxicity effects of each fraction were measured by human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in vitro. And toxicity effects included antioxidant stress (ROS, LDH, and CAT) and an inflammatory response (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). The results showed that the scores of the toxicity effects on multiple lines of evidence were the highest in the F3 and F4 fractions compared with those of the control. Subsequently, the main poisons, o-cymene, p-cymene, benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene, were identified using GC×GC-TOF/MS. Finally, to confirm the above possible candidates, (1) the levels of o-cymene, p-cymene and BTEXS in daily PM2.5 were measured using GC-MS in November 2020, and the rates of detection of these pollutants were 100% in PM2.5. Among them, o-cymene and p-cymene were first reported as the key toxic substances of PM2.5, and their average concentration values were 0.16 ± 0.11 and 0.18 ± 0.15 ng‧m-3, respectively. (2) the toxicity of p-cymene may be no less than that of other benzene derivatives according to their LC50 in Daphnia magna. (3) based on canonical correlation analysis, the exposure to p-cymene, benzene, and styrene in PM2.5 was most likely associated with the toxicity effects (CAT, IL-6, and TNF-α), which in turn caused the observed toxicity. In conclusion, p-cymene, benzene, and styrene were found to be the key toxic organics in PM2.5 for cells in vitro. EDA technology avoids the limitations of chemical analysis and uncertainty of the biological testing and adds new toxicants to the control list of PM2.5, contributing to this study field. However, the application of EDA to PM2.5 still faces challenges such as the selection of biological effects, loss of toxicity with the separation process, influence of the dosing method, and identification of the unknown effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju 555069, Republic of Korea
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14
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Xie P, Yan Q, Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, You J. Point or non-point source: Toxicity evaluation using m-POCIS and zebrafish embryos in municipal sewage treatment plants and urban waterways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118307. [PMID: 34626713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been regarded as an important source of organic contaminants in aquatic environment. To assess the impact of STPs on occurrence and toxicity of STP-associated contaminants in receiving waterways, a novel passive sampler modified from polar organic chemical integrative sampler (m-POCIS) was deployed at the inlet and outlet of a STP and several upstream and downstream sites along a river receiving STP effluent in Guangzhou, China. Eighty-seven contaminants were analyzed in m-POCIS extracts, along with toxicity evaluation using zebrafish embryos. Polycyclic musks were the predominant contaminants in both STP and urban waterways, and antibiotics and current-use pesticides (e.g., neonicotinoids, fiproles) were also ubiquitous. The m-POCIS extracts from downstream sites caused significant deformity in embryos, yet the toxicity could not be explained by the measured contaminants, implying the presence of nontarget stressors. Sewage treatment process substantially reduced embryo deformity, chemical oxygen demand, and contamination levels of some contaminants; however, concentrations of neonicotinoids and fiproles increased after STP treatment, possibly due to the release of chemicals from perturbed sludge. Source identification showed that most of the contaminants found in urban waterways were originated from nonpoint runoff, while cosmetics factories and hospitals were likely point sources for musks and antibiotics, respectively. Although the observed embryo toxicity could not be well explained by target contaminants, the present study showed a promising future of using passive samplers to evaluate chemical occurrence and aquatic toxicity concurrently. Zebrafish embryo toxicity significantly decreased after sewage treatment, but higher toxicity was observed for downstream samples, demonstrating that urban runoff may produce detrimental effects to aquatic life, particularly in rainy season. These results highlight the relevance of monitoring nonpoint source pollution along with boosting municipal sewage treatment infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Qiankun Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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15
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Tani K, Watanabe H, Noguchi M, Hiki K, Yamagishi T, Tatarazako N, Yamamoto H. Toxicity assessment of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca in water-only and sediment-water exposure systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147156. [PMID: 34088053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the equilibrium partitioning (EqP) method has been demonstrated to effectively predict the adverse effects of nonionic organic chemicals in sediment on benthic organisms by sediment toxicity tests, only a limited number of studies have been performed both in water-only and whole-sediment toxicity tests using the same species and verified the validity of EqP-based toxicity assessment. To further examine the validity of the EqP method for application in a wide range of hydrophobicity, we conducted sorption/desorption experiments and both water-only and sediment toxicity tests using a popular aquatic crustacean species, Daphnia magna (48 h), and benthic species Hyalella azteca (96 h) for six typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with three to five rings and an amine derivative: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and 1-aminopyrene. The linear sorption coefficient was determined and ranged from 2.7 × 102 (phenanthrene) and 1.2 × 104 L/kg (benzo[a]pyrene) highly depending on the hydrophobicity while the aqueous concentrations were stable after 24 h in the desorption test. As result of acute toxicity tests in the water-only exposure system, anthracene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene were found to be nontoxic to both species, while median effect/lethal concentrations (EC50/LC50) were determined as ranging from 0.66 (benzo[a]pyrene) to 330 μg/L (phenanthrene), and from 11 (1-aminopyrene) to 180 μg/L (phenanthrene) for D. magna and H. azteca, respectively. Among these compounds, three PAHs with three, four, and five rings each, and 1-aminopyrene were subjected to sediment-water toxicity tests. In the sediment-water tests, the LC50 of phenanthrene and pyrene was three to six times higher than that of the water-only tests for H. azteca while the EC50 was 1.1 to 2.0 times higher for D. magna. In contrast, the EC50/LC50 of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the sediment-water toxicity test was more than 5 times higher than that in the water-only test for both H. azteca and D. magna. The EC50/LC50 values of 1-aminopyrene were similar in both the sediment-water and the water-only toxicity tests, ranging narrowly from 21 to 28 μg/L and 8.8 to 11 μg/L for D. magna and H. azteca, respectively. The EC50/LC50 based on the body residue (ER50/LR50) was investigated for two of the representative PAHs, pyrene, and BaP. The ER50/LR50 of pyrene in both species was 2.3 and 11 times higher in the water-only toxicity test for D. magna and H. azteca, respectively, while those of BaP in the sediment-water toxicity test were not calculated for the sediment-water toxicity tests, and the highest body concentration in the sediment-water tests was lower than the ER50/LR50 in the water-only toxicity test. Although the experimental results were comparable with the predicted sediment toxicity values based on the EqP method for the selected PAHs in this study, there is a risk of phenanthrene and pyrene being slightly underestimated (1.4-1.9 fold for phenanthrene and 3.7-6.1 fold for pyrene) by the EqP method for H. azteca. These results reaffirm that the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble chemicals is important for sediment toxicity and that the exposure pathway should be further investigated to avoid under- and overestimation via the EqP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazune Tani
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan; Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Mana Noguchi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan; Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan; Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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16
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Lin H, Xia X, Zhang Q, Zhai Y, Wang H. Can the hydrophobic organic contaminants in the filtrate passing through 0.45 μm filter membranes reflect the water quality? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141916. [PMID: 32892049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the traditional water quality assessment, the concentration of total dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) passing through 0.45 μm filter membranes is usually used to evaluate the influence of HOCs on water quality. However, the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-associated and particle-associated HOCs is not considered. In the present work, pyrene, fulvic acid, and natural suspended particles (SPS) were used to simulate natural water (raw water). The immobilization and pyrene content in the tissues of D. magna caused by total pyrene in the raw water and those caused by freely dissolved pyrene with the concentration equal to the total dissolved pyrene in the filtrate of raw water were compared to determine whether the total dissolved pyrene concentration can reflect the water quality. The results indicated that when the DOM concentration was 5 mg C L-1 and the SPS concentration was higher than 0.2-0.4 g L-1, the bioavailability of pyrene was underestimated by the traditional water quality assessment because of the SPS-associated pyrene, and it was underestimated by 23.6-63.9% when SPS concentration was higher than 0.6 g L-1 due to the neglection of SPS-associated pyrene. Furthermore, the threshold value of SPS concentration was related to the SPS size and composition, and the effects of SPS and DOM on water quality were influenced by the concentration, size, and composition of SPS as well as the molecular weight of DOM. This study suggests that the traditional water quality assessment should be improved by comprehensively considering concentrations and characteristics of SPS and DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Lin S, Tang T, Cang T, Yu S, Ying Z, Gu S, Zhang Q. The distributions of three fungicides in vegetables and their potential health risks in Zhejiang, China: A 3-year study (2015-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115481. [PMID: 32892012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides have been extensively used around the world in agriculture due to their effectiveness of sterilization. Recent evidences have shown that fungicides would exert a negative effect on gut microbiota and result in gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolism disorder on non-target organisms and even humans. However, research on residues and potential health risks of fungicides in daily consumed vegetables has received less attention compared to insecticides. In this study, we studied three widely applied fungicides, procymidone, dimethomorph, and azoxystrobin, in China. We collected 551 samples of 10 different vegetables in 11 cities from Zhejiang province during 2015-2017. Three fungicides were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average apparent recoveries of three fungicides ranged from 84.2% to 110% with the relative standard deviations lower than 10%. The LOD values of procymidone, dimethomorph, and azoxystrobin was 2, 0.09, and 1 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of procymidone, dimethomorph, and azoxystrobin in those vegetables ranged from ND-875, ND-238, and ND-76 μg/kg, respectively. The highest mean concentrations of procymidone, dimethomorph, and azoxystrobin were found in eggplant (68 μg/kg), spinach (16.4 μg/kg), and kidney bean (4 μg/kg), respectively. Tomato (62.6% of samples), eggplant (44.3% of samples), and cucumber (41.6% of samples) were most frequently detected with fungicides. Solanaceous fruit vegetables have the highest detection rate than other vegetables, and fungicides were most frequently detected in winter. The mean concentrations of three fungicides in different vegetables were all below the maximum residue limits for the national food safety standards of China, and the health risks resulting from consuming those vegetables in adults and children were all within the safe ranges. The data provided here clarify the distributions of fungicides in commonly consumed vegetables and their potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeteng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng F, Li H, Ma H, Wu F, Fu Z, You J. Identifying bioaccessible suspect toxicants in sediment using adverse outcome pathway directed analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121853. [PMID: 31874758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical mixtures are a common occurrence in contaminated sediment and determining causal relationship between sediment contamination and adverse outcomes is challenging. The bioavailability and choice of bioassay endpoints played important roles in elucidating causality. As such, bioaccessibility-based XAD extraction and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) guided bioassays were incorporated into an effect-directed analysis to more effectively determine sediment causality. XAD extracts of sediments from urban waterways in Guangzhou, China were examined using cell viability bioassays with four human tumor cells from lung, liver, breast, and bone marrow. Pronounced effects to SH-SY5Y cells were noted, thus neurotoxicity was subsequently focused in the AOP-guided bioassays. Intracellular calcium influx, mitochondrial membrane potential inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell viability were utilized as evidence for neurotoxicity AOP-guided analysis. Suspect toxicants were identified in active fractions using GC-MS. Toxicity confirmation was performed by evaluating toxicity contributions of the candidates to the pathway. Cypermethrin, bisphenol A, galaxolide, tonalide, and versalide were found as the major stressors across key events of the studied pathway. Moreover, good correlations among key events validated the feasibility of method to predict in vivo response, suggesting that considering bioavailability and AOP improved environmental relevance for toxicant identification in a complex mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhiyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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19
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Hammershøj R, Birch H, Sjøholm KK, Mayer P. Accelerated Passive Dosing of Hydrophobic Complex Mixtures-Controlling the Level and Composition in Aquatic Tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4974-4983. [PMID: 32142613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum products and essential oils are complex mixtures of hydrophobic and volatile chemicals and are categorized as substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs). In aquatic testing and research of such mixtures, it is challenging to establish initial concentrations without the addition of cosolvents, to maintain constant concentrations during the test, and to keep a constant mixture composition in dilution series and throughout test duration. Passive dosing was here designed to meet these challenges by maximizing the surface area (Adonor/Vmedium = 3.8 cm2/mL) and volume (Vdonor/Vmedium > 0.1 L/L) of the passive dosing donor in order to ensure rapid mass transfer and avoid donor depletion for all mixture constituents. Cracked gas oil, cedarwood Virginia oil, and lavender oil served as model mixtures. This study advances the field by (i) showing accelerated passive dosing kinetics for 68 cracked gas oil constituents with typical equilibration times of 5-10 min and for 21 cederwood Virginia oil constituents with typical equilibration times < 1 h, (ii) demonstrating how to control mixture concentration and composition in aquatic tests, and (iii) discussing the fundamental differences between solvent spiking, water-accommodated fractions, and passive dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hammershøj
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina K Sjøholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Logemann A, Schafberg M, Brockmeyer B. Using the HPTLC-bioluminescence bacteria assay for the determination of acute toxicities in marine sediments and its eligibility as a monitoring assessment tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:936-945. [PMID: 31340421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For an integrated ecological risk assessment of marine sediment contamination, the determination of target-compound concentrations by e.g. mass spectrometric methods is not sufficient to explain sediment toxicity. Due to the presence of a multitude of environmental contaminants in this complex matrix causing a mixed toxicity, the identification and assessment of main toxicants is a challenge. One approach in identifying main toxicants is the application of effect-directed analysis (EDA). In this study, an EDA approach was developed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to bioluminescence bacteria detection with Aliivibrio fischeri for the determination of marine sediments acute toxicity. In a first attempt, the HPTLC separation was optimized with a fast, two-step gradient to separate main hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) classes found in marine sediments. An easy-to-use evaluation script for the resulting bioluminescence inhibition images was programed using R. The developed method was applied to sediment extracts of two different sample sets: (i) Fourteen marine sediment samples from the German Bight representing a wide range of contaminant loads and sediment properties and (ii) sediment samples from a core representing temporal trends of contamination. Results from the HPTLC-bioluminescence bacteria assay were compared to HOC concentrations determined by GC-MS/MS. A correlation of the determined inhibition Γ-values for the PAH inhibition zone to PAH concentrations showed a very good agreement (R2 = 0.91). The results of this study were used to evaluate the suitability of the EDA approach to be used as an assessment tool for marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Logemann
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michaela Schafberg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Berit Brockmeyer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Lu Z, Gan J, Cui X, Delgado-Moreno L, Lin K. Understanding the bioavailability of pyrethroids in the aquatic environment using chemical approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:194-207. [PMID: 31129496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of commonly used insecticides and are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment in various regions. Aquatic toxicity of pyrethroids was often overestimated when using conventional bulk chemical concentrations because of their strong hydrophobicity. Over the last two decades, bioavailability has been recognized and applied to refine the assessment of ecotoxicological effects of pyrethroids. This review focuses on recent advances in the bioavailability of pyrethroids, specifically in the aquatic environment. We summarize the development of passive sampling and Tenax extraction methods for assessing the bioavailability of pyrethroids. Factors affecting the bioavailability of pyrethroids, including physicochemical properties of pyrethroids, and quality and quantity of organic matter, were overviewed. Various applications of bioavailability on the assessment of bioaccumulation and acute toxicity of pyrethroids were also discussed. The final section of this review highlights future directions of research, including development of standardized protocols for measurement of bioavailability, establishment of bioavailability-based toxicity benchmarks and water/sediment quality criteria, and incorporation of bioavailability into future risk assessment and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Laura Delgado-Moreno
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Kunde Lin
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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22
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Hedgespeth ML, Nichols EG. Expanding phytoremediation to the realms of known and unknown organic chemicals of concern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1385-1396. [PMID: 31257906 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in analytical chemistry and data analyses via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are evolving scientific understanding of the potential totality of organic chemical exposure and pollutant risk. This review addresses the importance of HRMS approaches, namely suspect screening and nontarget chemical analyses, to the realm of phytoremediation. These analytical approaches are not without caveats and constraints, but they provide an opportunity to understand in greater totality how plant-based technologies contribute, mitigate, and reduce organic chemical exposure across scales of experimental and system-level studies. These analytical tools can enlighten the complexity and efficacy of plant-contaminant system design and expand our understanding of biogenic and anthropogenic chemicals at work in phytoremediation systems. Advances in data analytics from biological sciences, such as metabolomics, are crucial to HRMS analysis. This review provides an overview of targeted, suspect screening, and nontarget HRMS approaches, summarizes the expanding knowledge of regulated and unregulated organic chemicals in the environment, addresses requisite HRMS instrumentation, analysis cost, uncertainty, and data processing techniques, and offers potential bridges of HRMS analyses to phytoremediation research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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23
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Xiong J, Wang Z, Ma X, Li H, You J. Occurrence and risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water in a rapidly developing region: Application of polar organic chemical integrative samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1305-1312. [PMID: 30340276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) worldwide calls for further knowledge on their environmental occurrence and risk. The present study highlighted the need for more research on long-term exposure of NNIs in aquatic environment, which is important but remains elusive. Time weighted average concentrations of five commonly used NNIs in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China were measured using newly developed polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Acetamiprid (from 18.8 ± 1.9 to 157 ± 31 ng/L; mean ± standard deviation), clothianidin (from 14.8 ± 3.7 to 47.6 ± 10.0 ng/L) and imidacloprid (from 32.9 ± 11.6 to 249 ± 19 ng/L) were detectable in all samples. Thiamethoxam was found at 71.4% of the 21 sampling sites (from not detected to 52.4 ± 9.4 ng/L), while thiacloprid was not detected at any site. Vegetable planting and sewage effluent were the main sources of NNIs in surface water in Guangzhou. Probabilistic environmental exposure distributions were subsequently constructed using the measured concentrations and the exceedances of predicted environmental concentrations of NNI to ecological thresholds were assessed. In Guangzhou, 63.5%, 16.2%, 87.8% and 17.2% of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively, exceeded an interim chronic threshold of 35 ng/L for NNIs. Further risk assessment and control measures for the use of NNIs are advocated for protecting the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Ma
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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24
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Li H, Yi X, Cheng F, Tong Y, Mehler WT, You J. Identifying Organic Toxicants in Sediment Using Effect-Directed Analysis: A Combination of Bioaccessibility-Based Extraction and High-Throughput Midge Toxicity Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:996-1003. [PMID: 30585062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) were integrated to diagnose toxicity drivers in a complex system, such as sediment. In TIE manipulation, XAD resin was utilized as an amending agent for characterizing organic toxicants, which also facilitate a large-volume bioaccessibility-based extraction for EDA purposes. Both raw sediments in TIE and extract fractions in EDA were tested with Chironomus dilutus for toxicity using whole-sediment testing and a high-throughput microplate assay. This allowed for a direct link between whole-sediment TIE and EDA, which strongly strengthened the characterization and identification of toxicants. Sediments amended with XAD resin, as part of the TIE, significantly reduced midge mortality compared with unamended sediments, suggesting that organics were one class of main toxicants. On the basis of bioaccessible concentrations in sediment measured by XAD extraction, a group of previously unidentified contaminants, synthetic polycyclic musks (versalide, tonalide, and galaxolide), were found to explain 32-73% of the observed toxicity in test sediments. Meanwhile, three pyrethroids contributed to an additional 17-35% of toxicity. Surprisingly, the toxicity contribution of musks and pyrethroids reached 58-442 and 56-1625%, respectively, based on total sediment concentrations measured by exhaustive extraction. This suggested that total sediment concentrations significantly overestimated toxicity and that bioavailability should be considered in toxicity identification. Identifying nontarget toxicants sheds a light on application of the integrated TIE and EDA method in defining causality in a complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fei Cheng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yujun Tong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - W Tyler Mehler
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T5G 2L6 , Canada
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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25
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Jahnke A, Sobek A, Bergmann M, Bräunig J, Landmann M, Schäfer S, Escher BI. Emerging investigator series: effect-based characterization of mixtures of environmental pollutants in diverse sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1667-1679. [PMID: 30346461 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether cell-based bioassays were suitable to characterize profiles of mixture effects of hydrophobic pollutants in multiple sediments covering remote Arctic and tropical sites to highly populated sites in Europe and Australia. The total contamination was determined after total solvent extraction and the bioavailable contamination after silicone-based passive equilibrium sampling. In addition to cytotoxicity, we observed specific responses in cell-based reporter gene bioassays: activation of metabolic enzymes (arylhydrocarbon receptor: AhR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma: PPARγ) and adaptive stress responses (oxidative stress response: AREc32). No mixture effects were found for effects on the estrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, or they were masked by cytotoxicity. The bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ) spanned several orders of magnitude for each bioassay. The bioavailable BEQs (passive equilibrium sampling) typically were 10-100 times and up to 420 times lower than the total BEQ (solvent extraction) for the AhR and AREc32 assays, indicating that the readily desorbing fraction of the bioactive chemicals was substantially lower than the fraction bound strongly to the sediment sorptive phases. Contrarily, the bioavailable BEQ in the PPARγ assay was within a factor of five of the total BEQ. We identified several hotspots of contamination in Europe and established background contamination levels in the Arctic and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jahnke
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Pablos MV, Rodríguez JA, García-Hortigüela P, Fernández A, Beltrán EM, Torrijos M, Fernández C. Sublethal and chronic effects of reclaimed water on aquatic organisms. Looking for relationships between physico-chemical characterisation and toxic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1537-1547. [PMID: 30021319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for irrigation and aquaculture purposes is generally considered a reliable alternative for sustainable water management in regions with water scarcity. Many organic compounds, generally called compounds of emerging concern (CECs), have been detected in reclaimed water, which implies continuous exposure for aquatic organisms. To date no quality criteria have been proposed for this group of compounds. This work aims to assess the acute, sublethal and chronic effects of reclaimed water using two representative organisms of the aquatic compartment; the green alga Chlorella vulgaris and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. The study comprises the 72 h-algal growth inhibition test, the D. magna feeding bioassay and the D. magna reproduction test. The results highlighted, for the selected characterised compounds, no differences in the concentrations between the different tertiary WWTP treatments, except for the particular case of carbamazepine. Considering seasonality, no differences were observed between the two different sample collection campaigns. The sublethal and chronic effects observed for these samples could not be explained by the lower concentrations found in the chemical characterisation. However, in the majority of cases, dilution of raw reclaimed water reduced the toxic effects of these samples. Several interactions among compounds can affect the mixture's toxicity. Canonical correlation analyses (CCA) were included to explore the potential relationships between the physico-chemical characterisation of reclaimed water and effects on aquatic organisms. The results corroborated the toxic effect of some pharmaceuticals, in particular beta-blockers and antibiotics, on the growth and yield of green algae, as well as inhibition of daphnia reproduction. Thus the CCA methods could help to elucidate the potential relationships between the physico-chemical characterisation and toxic effects by considering all the potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J A Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P García-Hortigüela
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E M Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Torrijos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Li Y, Wang H, Xia X, Zhai Y, Lin H, Wen W, Wang Z. Dissolved organic matter affects both bioconcentration kinetics and steady-state concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:648-656. [PMID: 29800856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural aquatic ecosystems. The association of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with DOM may have a large impact on HOC fractions in water and their bioconcentration in fish. However, the effects of DOM on HOC bioconcentration in fish are not well understood, especially whether DOM will affect the bioconcentration steady-state concentrations of HOCs in fish is still confusing. Thus, this study investigated the effects of three DOM including gallic acid (GA), tannic acid (TA), and humic acid (HA) with molecular weights ranging from 170 Da to about 10 kDa at different concentrations (1, 5, and 15 mgOC L-1) on the bioconcentration of PAHs including phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in zebrafish (Danio rerio), with the PAH freely dissolved concentrations maintained constant by passive dosing systems. The results revealed that the presence of DOM generally increased the bioconcentration steady-state concentrations of the PAHs in zebrafish (Cb-ss), with the increase ranging from 28.1% to 204.0%, and the increase of Cb-ss promoted by TA with middle molecular weight (1700 Da) was the highest among the studied DOM. Moreover, the Cb-ss increased with the concentrations of GA with low molecular weight and TA with middle molecular weight in water, whereas decreased with increasing concentrations of HA with high molecular weight. The uptake rate constants of the PAHs in zebrafish with DOM were higher than that without DOM. Ingestion of DOM and direct accumulation of PAHs associated with DOM might be primary influencing mechanisms of DOM on the Cb-ss, and whether the facilitated diffusive mass transfer by DOM will affect the Cb-ss needs to be further studied. This study suggested that DOM-associated HOCs should be considered in future HOC risk assessment in addition to the freely dissolved HOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Lin H, Xia X, Jiang X, Bi S, Wang H, Zhai Y, Wen W, Guo X. Bioavailability of Pyrene Associated with Different Types of Protein Compounds: Direct Evidence for Its Uptake by Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9851-9860. [PMID: 30102861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments. However, the bioavailability of protein-like DOM-associated hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is not well-understood, and in particular, the direct evidence of their uptake by organisms is scarce. In the present work, tryptone (2000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA; 66 000 Da), and phycocyanin (120 000 Da) were chosen as model protein-like DOM, which were labeled by commercial fluorescein (cy5) to investigate the uptake mechanisms of protein compound-associated pyrene (a typical HOC) by Daphnia magna. The pyrene concentration in the tissues except the gut and immobilization of D. magna were detected to calculate the bioavailable fraction of protein compound-associated pyrene when the freely dissolved pyrene concentration was controlled through passive dosing devices. The results demonstrated that the tryptone could permeate cellular membrane and directly enter the tissues of D. magna from the exposure solutions, whereas BSA and phycocyanin might indirectly enter the tissues from the gut. A part of pyrene associated with protein compounds was bioavailable to D. magna; the order of their bioavailable fractions was trypone (54.6-58.1%) > phycocyanin (21.6-32.8%) > BSA (17.7-26.8%). The difference was principally related to the uptake mechanisms of pyrene associated with different types of protein. This work suggests that the protein compound-associated HOCs should be considered to evaluate the bioavailability and eco-environmental hazard of HOCs in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Siqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Wu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Li H, Zhang J, You J. Diagnosis of complex mixture toxicity in sediments: Application of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and effect-directed analysis (EDA). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:944-954. [PMID: 29128247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Determining causality of sediment toxicity is of great importance in aquatic risk assessment, but there are tremendous challenges due to joint toxicity of trace pollutants in complex sediment matrices. Two approaches, namely toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) have been developed. Conventional sediment TIEs take the advantage of environmental relevance by using whole organism bioassays; however, they suffer from lack of effective methods for specifically identifying major contributors as it typically only evaluates contaminant class rather than specific contaminants. Alternatively, EDA is a powerful tool in identifying causes of sediment toxicity with sophisticated fractionation and chemical analysis of targeted and non-targeted non-polar organic toxicants, but it is not always environmentally relevant due to the use of in-vitro bioassays and exhaustive solvent extraction. An integrated TIE and EDA method would provide an environmentally relevant and toxicant specific approach to effectively determine causality of sediment toxicity by combining the merits of the two methods. Bioavailability-based extraction and dosing techniques are recommended to be incorporated into the integrated method to improve the accuracy of toxicity diagnosis. Besides considering bioavailability in the integrated TIE and EDA approach, the premise of adverse outcome pathways should also be considered. Generally speaking, both TIE and EDA have focused on adverse effects at cellular and organism levels. The addition of trait-based approaches in screening multiple toxicological endpoints helps to extend effects on cellular and organism levels to population level, and provides a better understanding of potential impacts to the community and ecosystem. The outcome pathway underlies the critical role of determining causality in interpreting impacts of complex mixtures to benthic community and aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Li
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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You J, Li H. Improving the accuracy of effect-directed analysis: the role of bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1484-1498. [PMID: 29114659 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00377c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering from contamination by multiple stressors. Traditional chemical-based risk assessment usually fails to explain the toxicity contributions from contaminants that are not regularly monitored or that have an unknown identity. Diagnosing the causes of noted adverse outcomes in the environment is of great importance in ecological risk assessment and in this regard effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been designed to fulfill this purpose. The EDA approach is now increasingly used in aquatic risk assessment owing to its specialty in achieving effect-directed nontarget analysis; however, a lack of environmental relevance makes conventional EDA less favorable. In particular, ignoring the bioavailability in EDA may cause a biased and even erroneous identification of causative toxicants in a mixture. Taking bioavailability into consideration is therefore of great importance to improve the accuracy of EDA diagnosis. The present article reviews the current status and applications of EDA practices that incorporate bioavailability. The use of biological samples is the most obvious way to include bioavailability into EDA applications, but its development is limited due to the small sample size and lack of evidence for metabolizable compounds. Bioavailability/bioaccessibility-based extraction (bioaccessibility-directed and partitioning-based extraction) and passive-dosing techniques are recommended to be used to integrate bioavailability into EDA diagnosis in abiotic samples. Lastly, the future perspectives of expanding and standardizing the use of biological samples and bioavailability-based techniques in EDA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Guo J, Shi W, Chen Q, Deng D, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu N, Giesy JP, Yu H. Extended Virtual Screening Strategies To Link Antiandrogenic Activities and Detected Organic Contaminants in Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12528-12536. [PMID: 28956905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A tiered screening strategy based on extensive virtual fractionation and elucidation was developed to simplify identification of toxicants in complex environments. In tier1-virtual fractionation, multivariate analysis (MVA) was set up as an alternative of physical fractionation. In tier2-virtual structure elucidation, in-house quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models and toxicity simulation methods were developed to simplify nontarget identification. The efficiency of the tiered virtual strategy was tentatively verified by soil samples from a chemical park contaminated by antiandrogenic substances. Eight out of 18 sites were detected as antiandrogenic, while none of them exhibited androgenic agonist potencies. Sixty-seven peaks were selected for further identification by MVA, among which over 90% were verified in androgenic fractions in traditional effect-directed analysis (EDA). With 579 tentative structures generated by in silico fragmentation, 74% were elucidated by QSRR and 65% were elucidated by in silico toxicity prediction. All prior peaks were identified at different confidence levels with over 40% of the identified peaks above confidence level 2b, which has been increased over 40% with less than half of the time spent compared to traditional EDA. Such a combination of tiered virtual screening methods provides more efficient and rapid identifications of key toxicants at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR China
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