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Guo X, Liang S, Zou Z, Xu X, Yang F, Quan J, Li X, Duan H, Yu W, Yang J. Enhanced phosphorus bioavailability of biochar derived from sewage sludge co-pyrolyzed with K, Ca-rich biomass ash. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 271:122901. [PMID: 39642792 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Sewage sludge has great potential for phosphorus (P) recovery. However, sewage sludge-derived biochar suffers from low P bioavailability in land application. K, Ca-rich biomass ash was used to co-pyrolyze with sewage sludge to enhance P bioavailability of synthesized biochar. Phase transformation mechanism of P during the co-pyrolysis process was studied. When sunflower straw ash (SSA) was used as an additive (50 wt%) for co-pyrolysis with sludge at 600 °C, the ratio of bioavailable P (Bio-P, determined by 2 wt% citric acid) to total P (TP) of the co-pyrolyzed biochar could achieve 92.1 wt%, which was remarkably higher than that of biochar pyrolyzed by sludge alone (9.5 wt%). The K and Ca elements in SSA significantly contributed to the conversion of the Fe-phosphate phase (FePO4) in sludge into K, Ca-phosphates (KCaPO4, K2CaP2O7 and K2CaP2O7·4H2O) and Ca-phosphate (Ca5(PO4)3OH) phases, therefore enhancing the Bio-P content in the co-pyrolyzed biochar. Model compound pyrolysis results indicate that KCl/K2CO3 and CaCO3 phases in SSA play a synergistic role in enhancing the P bioavailability of co-pyrolyzed biochar. Based on the DFT calculations, the absolute value of the adsorption energy (|ΔEads|) of CH3COO- presented an order: K2CaP2O7 (2.43 eV) > KCaPO4 (1.70 eV) > Ca5(PO4)3OH (1.64 eV)> FePO4 (1.08 eV), indicating that K2CaP2O7, KCaPO4, and Ca5(PO4)3OH are more likely to interact with organic acid and have higher bioavailability than FePO4. Furthermore, the co-pyrolyzed biochar reaches the release rate standard for P, K-slow-release fertilizer. This study proposes a promising and sustainable solution to simultaneously realize sludge utilization and P resource recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Zhengkang Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Junda Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xingwu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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2
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Liu X, Wu C, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Biochar application regulates organic phosphorus fractions and the release of available phosphorus in farmland soil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:671-681. [PMID: 39235277 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between phosphorus (P) related enzymatic activity and organic P turnover remains unclear, particularly in the context of biochar application. Field experiments were conducted on Phaeozem and Luvisol soil types to investigate the effects of biochar application rates - 0 t ha-1 (CK), 22.5 t ha-1 (D1), 67.5 t ha-1 (D2), and 112.5 t ha-1 (D3) - on soil organic fractions using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and relevant phosphatase activity. RESULTS The application of biochar increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), pyrophosphate (pyro), and orthophosphate (ortho) content, as well as the acid phosphomonoesterase (AcP), alkaline phosphomonoesterase (AlP), inorganic pyrophosphatase (IPP), and phosphodiesterase (PD) activities. Biochar application also increased soil organic P (OPa), the sum of inorganic P forms (IP), ortho, monoesters, and myo-IHP contents, the pH value, AlP and PD activities in Phaeozem, but it significantly reduced diesters, polyphosphate (poly) contents, and IPP and AcP activities compared to those in Luvisol. Acid phosphomonoesterase and PD activities also showed an opposite trend in Luvisol. The structural equation model showed that the potential mechanism of organic P turnover in response to biochar application differed depending on the soil types, potentially influenced by P availability. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this study enhance the comprehension of the variation of P fractions and their availability in the context of biochar application for agricultural production in northeastern China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenran Wu
- Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqi Jiang
- Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang, China
- National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems, Shenyang, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang, China
- National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Shenyang, China
- National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems, Shenyang, China
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3
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Zeng L, Mariano SF, Huang R, Sánchez-García C, Santin C, Neris J, Kumar K, Glenn CK, El Hajj O, Anosike A, O’Brien J, Saleh RA. Speciation and Aqueous Dissolution of Macronutrients in Fire Ash: Variation across Ecosystems and the Effects on Nutrient Cycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:454-466. [PMID: 39719034 PMCID: PMC11741002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the speciation and aqueous dissolution of macronutrients in fire ash from diverse ecosystems and speciation of ash and smoke from laboratory burning, exploring the variations and their causes. The speciation of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in fire ash from five globally distributed ecosystems was characterized by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and sequential fractionation. Aqueous dissolution of the macronutrients was measured by batch experiments at acidic and alkaline pHs. The results showed that P existed mainly as Ca phosphates, Ca as double carbonates, calcite, and sulfates, and most K was associated with Ca carbonates. Mineralogy and the relative abundance of the species were primarily controlled by elemental stoichiometry and fire temperature. Differences in Ca and P speciation existed between ash and smoke from laboratory burning, possibly caused by the temperature difference and/or mass fractionation during burning. The rates, extents, and pH dependencies of macronutrient dissolution differed among macronutrients and depended on their speciation, with K being highly soluble and the P and Ca regulated by solution pH. The variability in ash macronutrient chemistry and ecosystem-specific fire ash loads resulted in varying loads and availability of individual macronutrient from fire among ecosystems. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how fires transform the chemistry of macronutrients and affect macronutrient returns to soils across different ecosystems, which is essential for evaluating the disturbance to ecosystem nutrient cycling by fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqun Zeng
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany 12222, New York, United States
| | - Shyrill F. Mariano
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany 12222, New York, United States
| | - Rixiang Huang
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany 12222, New York, United States
| | - Carmen Sánchez-García
- Centre
for Wildfire Research, Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Cristina Santin
- Centre
for Wildfire Research, Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Biodiversity
Research Institute (IMIB; CSIC—Universidad de Oviedo—Principality
of Asturias), Mieres 33600, Spain
| | - Jonay Neris
- Centre
for Wildfire Research, Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Departamento
de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Spain
| | - Kruthika Kumar
- School
of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
| | - Chase K. Glenn
- School
of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
| | - Omar El Hajj
- School
of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
| | - Anita Anosike
- School
of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
| | - Joseph O’Brien
- USDA
Forest
Service Southern Research Station, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
| | - Rawad A. Saleh
- School
of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia, United States
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4
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Ran X, Tejaswi Uppuluri NS, Deng Y, Wang S, Ni Z, Hu J, Müller J, Dong R, Guo J, Oechsner H. Phosphorus bioavailability and recycling potential in various organic Waste: Assessment by enzymatic hydrolysis and 31P NMR. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 416:131790. [PMID: 39522620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus(P) recycling from waste streams is crucial to mitigate the P depletion crisis. P forms and contents in organic waste are critical for determining the recycling method and efficiency. We constructed an approach to characterize P forms in seven organic waste by combining chemical sequential extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Livestock manure and straw exhibited a higher active P(H2O-P&NaHCO3-P)(70.54%-84.40% and 65.78%-85.26% of total P) than sewage sludge(18.22%) and food waste(43.90%). Enzymatic hydrolysis revealed over 10% P in the so-called active P of corn(11.30%) and rice straw(13.32%) was phytate-like P, which is not bioavailable. These findings indicate the chemical sequential extraction inaccurately gauges bioavailable-P and underscores the need to convert phytate into plant-available P in recycling processes(biogas, composting), especially for crop straws and chicken manure. This work introduces a novel methodological framework for assessing P potential bioavailability in organic waste, providing fundamental knowledge for the P recycling process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ran
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Naga Sai Tejaswi Uppuluri
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Yun Deng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Shengrui Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security, Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China.
| | - Zhaokui Ni
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security, Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Hans Oechsner
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
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5
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Santoro MC, Ghanim BM, Kwapinski W, Leahy JJ, Freitas JCC. Solid-State NMR Study of Hydrochars Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Poultry Litter. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:45759-45773. [PMID: 39583697 PMCID: PMC11579733 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Poultry litter (PL) hydrochars obtained at different temperatures and charring times were characterized by solid-state 1H, 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 13C NMR spectra obtained with cross polarization (CP) and magic-angle spinning evidenced the chemical and structural changes suffered by PL during its transformation into hydrochar; these changes were particularly dependent on the production temperature rather than the residence time. The hydrochars were essentially composed of aromatic and alkyl domains at the temperature of 250 °C. 31P NMR observations were conducted using single-pulse excitation (SPE) and CP sequences to distinguish between phosphorus far from protons and protonated phosphate species. Results showed that water-soluble phosphorus was the only form detected in hydrochars through the CP sequence. In contrast, the stable phosphorus species formed during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) exhibited broad signals, detected exclusively using the SPE sequence. This indicates that unprotonated orthophosphates were the dominant form. These NMR results offer a deeper understanding of hydrochar formation from PL, shedding light on the chemical and structural changes caused by the HTC process at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. Santoro
- Laboratory
of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bashir M. Ghanim
- Department
of Chemistry, The Higher Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, Alzahra, 00000 Tripoli, Libya
| | - Witold Kwapinski
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - James J. Leahy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jair C. C. Freitas
- Laboratory
of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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6
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Pedersen IF, Müller-Stöver DS, Lemming C, Gunnarsen KC. Particle size determines the short-term phosphorus availability in biochar produced from digestate solids. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 191:172-181. [PMID: 39541836 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Biochar pellets produced from the solid fraction of manure-based digestates are rich in phosphorus (P) and may represent a P source that is easy to handle and suitable for transport to P-deficient regions. However, the effect of feedstock composition and particle size on P availability in this type of biochar remains unexplored. To evaluate the effect of particle size on the short-term P availability in biochars derived from manure digestate solids, an incubation experiment was carried out, in which four biochars produced from digestate solids in powder and pellet form were incubated with three soils of low P content. The recovery of P in bicarbonate and water extracts was measured after 7 and 70 days of incubation. A subsequent pot experiment with barley on two of the soils was aimed at examining early crop recovery of P, comparing the effects of coarse and fine biochar particles. Biochars from digestate solids had total P contents ranging from 12 to 63 g kg-1. In all three soils, the recovery of P in water and bicarbonate extracts was lower after incubation with biochar pellets compared to powder, and P recovery remained constant or decreased slightly over time. Early shoot biomass and P recovery in barley were also higher when fine biochar particles were applied. The results suggest that particle size reduction improves the immediate availability of P in biochars produced from manure-based digestate solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg F Pedersen
- Dept. of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Dorette S Müller-Stöver
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Klara Cecilia Gunnarsen
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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7
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Wang J, Wang Y, Yu F, Wang J, Wang X, Luo J, He C, Cui X, Yan B, Chen G. Efficient reclamation of phosphorus from wetland biomass waste via liquid-recirculated hydrothermal carbonization and precipitation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122278. [PMID: 39173350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the recovery of phosphorus (P) from biomass wastes has attracted considerable attention, while migration of P to the liquid phase greatly weakened P recovery efficiency and elevated the environmental risk. Therefore, a systematic scheme was proposed in this work to accomplish the complete reclamation of P from wetland plant (Ceratophyllum demersum) through coupling liquid-recirculated HTC mediated by H2O or H2SO4 with precipitation, and the migration and speciation of P during this process was determined by P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and the modified sequential extraction. The P concentration in the liquid phase increased with the recirculation of HTC process water, and reached up to 550.6 mg L-1. >98.1 % of P in the recirculated liquid products was recovered in the forms of hydroxyapatite and struvite with the HTC mediums of H2O and H2SO4, respectively, without the addition of exogenous metals. In addition to the production of P compounds, P-enriched hydrochar was simultaneously obtained during this process. The HTC medium and liquid recirculation had profound impact on the hydrochar characteristics and the transformation of P. Hydroxyapatite and magnesium phosphate were the dominant P species in the hydrochars derived from H2O-mediated HTC, while FePO4 and other Ca-P species [Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2] dominated the P compounds in the H2SO4-mediated hydrochar. These results suggest that coupling liquid-recirculated HTC and precipitation could be a promising strategy for P reclamation, which could provide new insights into the P recovery from biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, MEE, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
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8
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Huang R, Nicholas S, Wei Z. Thermochemical Transformation of Calcium during Biomass Burning and the Effects on Postfire Aqueous Dissolution of Macronutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:17304-17312. [PMID: 39350656 PMCID: PMC11447901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is commonly the most abundant element in fire residues and its speciation largely determines the geochemical properties of fire residues and their effects on postfire soil chemistry. To explore the effects of biomass composition and fire conditions on ash Ca speciation, this study characterizes the speciation of Ca in charcoal and ash samples that were derived from different plant compartments and thermal conditions, using Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. Results showed that biomass contains abundant organic Ca complexes, which were mineralized into fairchildite and calcite after heating at 450 to 600 °C and then CaO, as temperature increased to 750 °C. Apatite could be an abundant Ca species in fire residues if the Ca/P molar ratio of the biomass is small (<2). The mineralization of organic Ca to the identified Ca minerals during burning was negligibly affected by the oxygen level. Calcium speciation in prescribed fire residues resembled that of biomass ash burned at 550 °C with similar Ca/P molar ratios. Batch experiments showed that macronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, and P) were differentially released, as a result of different solubility of minerals in ashes and reprecipitation of minerals. The aqueous solubility of Ca, Mg, and P decreased as pH increased from 5 to 9, while K showed no pH dependency and was almost completely soluble. Results from this study improve our understanding of the chemistry of fire residues and their geochemical behaviors, which can help evaluate the impact of fire on postfire soil properties and macronutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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9
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Liu T, Shao T, Jiang J, Ma W, Feng R, Dong D, Wang Y, Bai T, Xu Y. Influence of potassium addition on phosphorus availability and heavy metals immobility of biochar derived from swine manure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21069. [PMID: 39256459 PMCID: PMC11387754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis of animal manure at high temperature is necessary to effectively immobilize heavy metals, while the available phosphorus (P) level in biochar is relatively low, rendering it unsuitable for use as fertilizer. In this study, the pretreatment of swine manure with different potassium (K) sources (KOH, K2CO3, CH3COOK and C6H5K3O7) was conducted to produce a biochar with enhanced P availability and heavy metals immobility. The addition of all K compounds lowered the peak temperature of decomposition of cellulose in swine manure. The percentage of ammonium citrate and formic acid extractable P in biochar increased with K addition compared to undoped biochar, with CH3COOK and C6H5K3O7 showing greater effectiveness than KOH and K2CO3, however, water- extractable P did not exhibit significant changes. Additionally, the available and dissolved Si increased due to the doping of K, with KOH and K2CO3 having a stronger effect than CH3COOK and C6H5K3O7. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that K addition led to the formation of soluble CaKPO4 and silicate. In addition, the incorporation of K promoted the transformation of labile copper (Cu) and znic (Zn) into the stable fraction while simultaneously reducing their environmental risk. Our study suggest that the co-pyrolysis of swine manure and organic K represents an effective and valuable method for producing biochar with optimized P availability and heavy metals immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Tianci Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Wenge Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Ranran Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
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10
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Lin X, Sun B, Wang P, Zhao M, Liu D, Zhang Q, Wu B, Liu D. Enhanced low-concentration phosphate adsorption using magnetic UiO-66@Fe 3O 4 composite with potential linker exchange. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143126. [PMID: 39154763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic FenUiO-66 adsorbent was created to achieve high phosphate adsorption capacity. The incorporation of Fe3O4 facilitated the precipitation and growth of UiO-66 during crystallization, resulting in a shift towards a multilayer heterogeneous distribution of adsorption sites. The increased Fe3O4 content notably enhanced the magnetic properties of FenUiO-66, while negligibly affecting its adsorption performance. The Fe1.5UiO-66 demonstrated exceptional phosphate adsorption capacity (136.54 mg/g), outstanding selectivity, and sustained reusability, with an 80% removal efficiency after nine cycles of treating actual water. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption by FenUiO-66 involved electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and linker exchange. Notably, while linker exchange significantly contributed to high adsorption capacity, it resulted in irreversible damage to the FenUiO-66 crystal. These unequivocal findings will serve as a solid foundation for further research and underline the critical role of linkers in the process of phosphate adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Lin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Pengsen Wang
- Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Dejia Liu
- Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baile Wu
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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11
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Liu C, Yue Z, Ma D, Li K, Xie Z, Zhang T, Wang J. Effect of hydrothermal carbonization on pyrolysis behavior, nutrients and metal species distribution in municipal sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130524. [PMID: 38492652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) on the pyrolysis behavior and the distribution of nutrients and metal species of waste-activated sludge (WAS) was investigated. Results showed that the pyrolysis activation energy range of WAS decreased from 11 to 57 kJ/mol to 10-36 kJ/mol when the hydrothermal carbonization was at 160 °C. As indicated by thermodynamic parameters, the hydrothermal carbonization process reduces the pyrolysis reaction activity of the hydrochar. The results of the chemical analysis indicate that hydrothermal carbonization significantly enhances the release of phosphorus and nitrogen, with maximum recovery at a temperature of 200 °C. The standard measurement and testing protocol revealed that hydrothermal carbonization increased the content of non-apatite inorganic P fraction in hydrochar and enhanced the availability of P. Heavy metal analysis shows that hydrothermal carbonization can strengthen the stability of heavy metals in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Ding Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Keyu Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Zhilin Xie
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Tianqin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
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12
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Jiang RQ, Yu GW, Yu LH, Wang Y, Li CJ, Xing ZJ, Xue XM, Wang Y, Yu C. Migration of phosphorus in pig manure during pyrolysis process and slow-release mechanism of biochar in hydroponic application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170116. [PMID: 38232831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is an effective method for treating of livestock and poultry manure developed in recent years. It can completely decompose pathogens and antibiotics, stabilize heavy metals, and enrich phosphorus (P) in biochar. To elucidate the P migration mechanism under different pig manure pyrolysis temperatures, sequential fractionation, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure techniques were used to analyze the P species in pig manure biochar (PMB). The results indicated that most of the organic P in the pig manure was converted to inorganic P during pyrolysis. Moreover, the transformation to different P groups pathways was clarified. The phase transition from amorphous to crystalline calcium phosphate was promoted when the temperature was above 600 °C. The content of P extracted by hydrochloric acid, which was the long-term available P for plant uptake, increased significantly. PMB pyrolyzed at 600 °C can be used as a highly effective substitute for P source. It provides the necessary P species (e.g. water-soluble P.) and metal elements for the growth of water spinach plants, and which are slow-release comparing with the Hogland nutrient solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lin-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhen-Jiao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Fujian Academy of Building Research, Fuzhou 350025, China
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13
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Shi Y, Luo G, Fan J, Clark JH, Zhang S. Fundamental properties and phosphorus transformation mechanism of soybean straw during microwave hydrothermal conversion process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 175:265-275. [PMID: 38232518 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Microwave hydrothermal (MHT) conversion is emerging as a promising technology for the disposal and reutilization of biowastes. This study investigated the fundamental properties and phosphorus transformation mechanism of soybean straw during the MHT conversion process. The oxygen-containing functional groups in soybean straw were stripped, and a trend of dehydration was observed as the temperature increased during the MHT process. Cellulose was identified as the major component of the MHT solid products at high temperature. Glucose and glucuronic acid in the MHT liquid products were gradually converted to formic acid and acetic acid with increasing temperature and holding time. The characteristics of the MHT products directly affected the changes in P speciation and transformation. Most of the P was distributed in liquid products and the impact of holding time was not significant on P distribution at low MHT temperature. With the increase in temperature and holding time, P gradually transferred into the solid products. The proportion of organic phosphorus and soluble inorganic phosphorus in soybean straw was high, and it decreased noticeably after the MHT process. The increase in MHT temperature promoted the conversion of OP and AP into IP and NAIP respectively. P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis reveals that Ca5(PO4)3(OH) was the major component of soybean straw and more Ca5(PO4)3(OH) was formed at lower MHT temperature. This study provides fundamental knowledge on the property changes of soybean straw and the transformation of phosphorus during MHT conversion process, which is essential for its disposal and further utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China; Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China.
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14
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Sun Z, Li J, Wang X, Xia S, Zhao J. Enhanced heavy metal stabilization and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure by in-situ formation of MgFe 2O 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:96-105. [PMID: 38039939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is an efficient technique for the disposal of livestock manure, enabling its harmless treatment, quantity reduction, and resourceful utilization. Co-hydrothermal of modified materials facilitates the production of more valuable carbonaceous materials. However, further exploration is needed to understand their potential impact on the environmental risks associated with livestock manure disposal and the application of products derived from it. Therefore, the carbonization degree, heavy metals stabilization, and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure were systematically investigated in this study under the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4. The results revealed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in swine manure, thereby improving its carbonization degree. Furthermore, both hydrothermal carbonization and MgFe2O4 modified hydrothermal carbonization resulted in an enhanced stabilization of heavy metals, leading to a significant reduction in their soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction. Phosphorus was predominantly retained in the hydrochars, with the highest retention rate reaching 88%, attributed to the significant decrease in soluble and exchangeable phosphorus fractions facilitated by the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4. Moreover, MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any leaching of heavy metals. Overall, the findings indicated that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 positively influenced the hydrothermal of swine manure, improving certain economic benefits in its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China; YANGTZE Eco Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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15
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Nan H, Yang F, Wang C, Xu X, Qiu H, Cao X, Zhao L. Phosphorus Footprint in the Whole Biowaste-Biochar-Soil-Plant System: Reservation, Replenishment, and Reception. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:166-175. [PMID: 38109361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Two phosphorus (P)-rich biowastes, sewage sludge (SS) and bone dreg (BD), were selected to clarify P footprints among biowaste, biochar, soil, and plants by introducing a novel "3R" concept model. Results showed that pyrolysis resulted in P transformation from an unstable-organic amorphous phase to a stable-inorganic crystalline phase with a P retention rate of 70-90% in biochar (P reservation). In soil, SSBC released more P in acid red soil and alkaline yellow soil than BDBC, while the opposite result appeared in neutral paddy soil. The P released from SSBC formed AlPO4 by combining with Al in soil, whereas P from BDBC transformed into Ca5(PO4)3F(or Cl) in conjunction with Ca in the soil (P replenishment). Various plants exhibited an uptake of approximately 2-6 times more P from biochar-amended soil than from the original soil (P reception). This study can guide the application of biochar in various soil-plant systems for effective nutrient reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
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16
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Zhang S, Wei L, Trakal L, Wang S, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Chen Q. Pyrolytic and hydrothermal carbonization affect the transformation of phosphorus fractions in the biochar and hydrochar derived from organic materials: A meta-analysis study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167418. [PMID: 37774876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonized organic materials are widely used to achieve soil improvement and alleviate soil pollution. The carbonization process significantly changes the total phosphorus (P) content and the P form in the solid phase derived from organic materials, which in turn has a significant impact on the P fertilizer effect in soils. In the present study, a meta-analysis with 278 observational data was conducted to detect the impact of the carbonization process (including pyrolytic carbonization and hydrothermal carbonization) on the transformation of P fractions in biochar or hydrochar derived from different organic materials. The results showed that the carbonization process significantly increased the total P content of the solid phase by 67.9%, and that the rate of P recovery from raw materials stayed high with a mean value of 86.8%. Among them, the impact of sludge-derived char was smaller when compared to the manure-derived char and biomass-derived char. The increase of total P in the biochar (or hydrochar) produced at >500 °C (or >200 °C) was more notable than that at <500 °C (or <200 °C). Simultaneously, the carbonization process significantly decreased the proportion of available P pool in the solid phase by 51.7% on average and increased the proportion of stable P pool in the solid phase by 204%. Appropriate production temperature helps to adjust the proportion of stable P pool in the solid phase. This meta-analysis pointed out that the carbonized solid phase recovers most of the P in the feedstock and that it promotes a significant transformation of available P pool in the feedstock to stable P in the carbonized solid phase. These findings provide useful information for the rational use of carbonization technology, the development of corresponding field management strategies, and the potential value of carbonized solid phase utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lulu Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lukas Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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17
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Kwapinska M, Pisano I, Leahy JJ. Hydrothermal carbonization of milk/dairy processing sludge: Fate of plant nutrients. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118931. [PMID: 37688960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy processing sludge (DPS) is a byproduct generated in wastewater treatment plants located in dairy (milk) processing companies (waste activated sludge). DPS presents challenges in terms of its management (as biosolids) due to its high moisture content, prolonged storage required, uncontrolled nutrient loss and accumulation of certain substances in soil in the proximity of dairy companies. This study investigates the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for recovery of nutrients in the form of solid hydrochar (biochar) produced from DPS originating from four different dairy processing companies. The HTC tests were carried out at 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C, and a residence time of 1h. The elemental properties of hydrochars (biochars), the content of primary and secondary nutrients, as well as contaminants were examined. The transformation of phosphorus in DPS during HTC was investigated. The fraction of plant available phosphorus was determined. The properties of hydrochar (biochar) were compared against the European Union Fertilizing Products Regulation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the content of nutrient in hydrochars (biochars) meet the requirements for organo-mineral fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorus as the declared nutrients (13.9-26.7%). Further research on plant growth and field tests are needed to fully assess the agronomic potential of HTC hydrochar (biochar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kwapinska
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Italo Pisano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - James J Leahy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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18
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Xu Y, Li N, Yang L, Liu T, Xiao S, Zhou L, Li D, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Optimizing directional recovery of high-bioavailable phosphorus from human manure: Molecular-level understanding and assessment of application potential. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120642. [PMID: 37774539 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from human manure (HM) is critical for food production security. For the first time, a one-step hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) treatment of HM was proposed in this study for the targeted high-bioavailable P recovery from P-rich hydrochars (PHCs) for direct soil application. Furthermore, the mechanism for the transformation of P speciation in the derived PHCs was also studied at the molecular level. A high portion of P (80.1∼89.3%) was retained in the solid phase after HTC treatment (120∼240°C) due to high metal contents. The decomposition of organophosphorus (OP) into high-bioavailable orthophosphate (Ortho-P) was accelerated when the HTC temperature was increased, reaching ∼97.1% at 210°C. In addition, due to the high content of Ca (40.45±2.37 g/kg) in HM, the HTC process promoted the conversion of low-bioavailable non-apatite inorganic (NAIP) into high-bioavailable apatite inorganic P (AP). In pot experiments with pea seedling growth, the application of newly obtained PHCs significantly promoted plant growth, including average wet/dry weight and plant height. Producing 1 ton of PHCs (210°C) with the same effective P content as agricultural-type calcium superphosphate could result in a net return of $58.69. More importantly, this pathway for P recovery is predicted to meet ∼38% of the current agricultural demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaoze Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Xu Y, Qi F, Yan Y, Sun W, Bai T, Lu N, Luo H, Liu C, Yuan B, Sheng Z, Liu T. The interaction of different chlorine-based additives with swine manure during pyrolysis: Effects on biochar properties and heavy metal volatilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:52-61. [PMID: 37406504 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor properties and high concentrations of heavy metals are still major concerns of successful application of animal manure-derived biochar into the environment. This work thus proposed to add chlorine-based additives (Cl-additives, i.e., CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, and PVC, 50 g Cl/ kg) to improve biochar properties and enhance heavy metal volatilization during swine manure pyrolysis. The results showed that the addition of CaCl2 could improve the retention of carbon (C) by up to 13.1% during pyrolysis, whereas other Cl-additives had little effect on it. Moreover, CaCl2 could enhance the aromaticity of biochar, as indicated by lower H/C ratio than raw biochar. Pretreatment with CaCl2, MgCl2 and PVC reduced phosphorus (P) solubility but increased its bioavailability via the formation of chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl). The CaCl2 was more effective for enhancing the volatilization efficiency of heavy metals than other Cl-additives, except for Pb that tended to react with the generated Ca5(PO4)3Cl to form more stable and less volatile Pb5(PO4)3Cl. However, high pyrolysis temperature (900℃) was essential for CaCl2 to simultaneously decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals. Our results indicated that co-pyrolysis of swine manure with CaCl2 is a promising strategy to increase C retention, P bioavailability, and volatilization of heavy metals, and, at higher temperature, reduce the bioavailability of biochar-born heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China; Global Centre for Environmental Research, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Zhenhuan Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
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20
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Ran X, Uppuluri NST, Deng Y, Zheng Y, Dong R, Müller J, Oechsner H, Li B, Guo J. Comparison of phosphorus species in livestock manure and digestate by different detection techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162547. [PMID: 36871712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) species characterize the effectiveness of the P fertilizer. In this study, the P species and distribution in different manures (pig manure, dairy manure and chicken manure) and their digestate were systematically investigated through combined characterization methods of Hedley fractionation (H2OP, NaHCO3-P, NaOH-P, HCl-P, and Residual), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The results from Hedley fractionation showed that >80 % of P in the digestate was inorganic and the HCl-P content in manure increased significantly during anaerobic digestion (AD). XRD manifested that insoluble hydroxyapatite and struvite belonging to HCl-P were presented during AD, which was in agreement with the result of Hedley fractionation. 31P NMR spectral analysis revealed that some orthophosphate monoesters were hydrolyzed during AD, meanwhile the orthophosphate diester organic phosphorus like DNA and phospholipids content has increased. After characterizing P species by combining these methods, it was found that chemical sequential extraction could be an effective way to fully understand the P in livestock manure and digestate, with other methods used as auxiliary tool depending on the purpose of studies. Meanwhile, this study provided a basic knowledge of utilizing digestate as P fertilizer and minimizing the risk of P loss from livestock manure. Overall, applying digestates can minimize the risk of P loss from directly applied livestock manure while satisfying plant demands, and is an environmentally friendly P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ran
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Naga Sai Tejaswi Uppuluri
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Yun Deng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Hans Oechsner
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Nan H, Yang F, Li D, Cao X, Xu X, Qiu H, Zhao L. Calcium enhances phosphorus reclamation during biochar formation: Mechanisms and potential application as a phosphorus fertilizer in a paddy soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 162:83-91. [PMID: 36948116 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of phosphorus (P) species during pyrolytic production of biochar from P-rich biowastes with a subsequent soil amendment is important to P reclamation. Aiming at increasing the content of plant-available P and restraining the formation of easily mobile P in pyrolysis product, this study used exogenous calcium ions (20 wt% CaCl2) addition prior to pyrolysis to regulate the pyrolytic transformation of P chemical fractions from sewage sludge and bone dreg. Results showed that active Ca catalyzed the decomposition of organic P to transform into inorganic orthophosphate. Based on Hedley's sequential extraction method, this study found that addition of Ca ions remarkably reduced the content of soluble P, exchange P, Fe/Al bound P, and occluded P in biochar, while increased Ca bound P from 78 to 85% to 85-96%. Liquid 31P NMR indicated that exogenous Ca induced the crack of the P-O-P bond in pyrophosphate to become orthophosphates. It also explained why new orthophosphates including chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) and calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) appeared in the Ca-composite biochar compared to pristine biochar. Combined with rapid P-release test in paddy soil (pH 6.27) and 30-days rice seedling growth test under flooded condition (10 wt% biochar addition ratio), it was confirmed that compared to pristine biochar, Ca-composite biochar released more P in paddy soil, but also promoted more P to be taken in by rice root and stalk. These results suggested that pretreating biowaste with Ca ion was a friendly approach to enhance P reclamation during biochar formation, making it a promising P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Deping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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22
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Chen G, Wang J, Yu F, Wang X, Xiao H, Yan B, Cui X. A review on the production of P-enriched hydro/bio-char from solid waste: Transformation of P and applications of hydro/bio-char. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134646. [PMID: 35436456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a necessary element for plant growth and animal health. Most P utilized by anthropogenic activities is released within the generation of various solid wastes such as sewage sludge, animal manure, and wetland plant, which increase the risk of water contamination. (Hydro)thermal treatment could be employed for solid waste treatment with the production of value-added hydro/bio-char, and the behavior of P during the thermochemical treatment process is critical for the further utilization of hydro/bio-char. This study provides a systematic review of the migration and transformation mechanisms of P during thermochemical treatment of various solid wastes, and special emphasis is given to the potential applications of P-enriched hydro/bio-char. Future challenges and perspectives in the thermal treatment of P-enriched solid waste are presented as well. The distribution and speciation of P were affected by feedstock properties, thermal technique, and reaction conditions, correspondingly affecting hydro/bio-char applications. The derived P-enriched hydro/bio-char was mainly applied as an agricultural soil amendment, P recovery source, and heavy metal sorbent, which could be adjusted by varying treatment process parameters. Additionally, potentially toxic substances, such as heavy metals in the solid waste, should be addressed during the production and application of hydro/bio-char. Overall, the production of P-enriched hydro/bio-char from solid waste is a promising route to simultaneously achieve P reclamation and solid waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Deng H, Liu H, Jin M, Xiao H, Yao H. Phosphorus transformation during the carbonaceous skeleton assisted thermal hydrolysis of sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154252. [PMID: 35247403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the carbonaceous skeleton assisted thermal hydrolysis that we proposed to achieve efficient sludge dewatering, this work further explored phosphorus (P) transformation in the process. The results showed that during independent thermal hydrolysis in the temperature range of 120-240 °C, organic-P was first decomposed into soluble-P and particulate-P in liquid, and then combined with Ca, Fe, and Al to form more apatite-P (AP) and less non-apatite inorganic-P (NAIP). When the skeleton assisted the sludge thermal hydrolysis, the turning point of the hydrolysis temperature would reduce from 180 °C to 150 °C, at which the liquid-P began to decrease and the organic-P generally decomposed. Moreover, the increment in the content of AP halved while that of NAIP doubled compared to that in the process without the carbonaceous skeleton. These effects come from the exogenous components introduced by adding the skeleton, which were different from the sludge. Compared with the P-rich compound and metal elements that tend to bond with phosphate introduced by the skeleton, hemicellulose as a main organic component played a leading role in the different P transformations of AP and NAIP. The hemicellulose slightly increased the acidity of sludge products, thereby inhibiting AP production and promoting the production of recyclable NAIP. Overall, the carbonaceous skeleton assisted thermal hydrolysis was beneficial for P recovery with a very low filtrate loss rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Minghao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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24
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Scrinzi D, Bona D, Denaro A, Silvestri S, Andreottola G, Fiori L. Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 1. production and chemical characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114688. [PMID: 35180435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The best available technique (BAT) for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is represented by anaerobic digestion (AD) and subsequent composting. This research explored a new industrial model in the framework of the C2Land international project, with the insertion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a post-treatment for OFMSW digestate. The reaction was set for 3 h at three different temperatures (180 ÷ 220 °C); the wet solid hydrochar obtained after filtration was then co-composted with greenery waste as a bulking agent and untreated OFMSW digestate in four different proportions in bench-scale bioreactors. The hydrochars and the hydrochar co-composts were suitable for agro-industrial applications, while the HTC liquors were tested in biochemical methane potential (BMP) for internal recirculation to AD. The scenarios proposed can be beneficial for plant enhancement and increased biogas production. This study reports results connected to the production phase. Mass balances confirmed that, during HTC, phosphorus precipitated into the solid products, organic nitrogen partially mineralized into ammonium, and oxidizable organic matter solubilized. The selected hydrochar obtained at 200 °C had mean (dry) solid, liquid, and gaseous yields equal to 77, 20, and 3 %db, respectively. The dynamic respirometric index (DRI) confirmed that the reproduced BAT for the composting process was effective in producing high-quality hydrochar co-composts in terms of biological stability. The BMP tests on HTC liquors showed some inhibitory effects, suggesting the need for future studies with inoculum adaptation and co-digestion, to dilute toxic compounds and enhance biogas production. Part 2 of this study describes the agro-environmental properties of hydrochars and hydrochar co-composts, including the beneficial effect of composting on hydrochars phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniela Bona
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Denaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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25
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He X, Zhang T, Niu Y, Xue Q, Ali EF, Shaheen SM, Tsang DCW, Rinklebe J. Impact of catalytic hydrothermal treatment and Ca/Al-modified hydrochar on lability, sorption, and speciation of phosphorus in swine manure: Microscopic and spectroscopic investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118877. [PMID: 35077837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of catalytic hydrothermal (HT) pretreatment on animal manure followed by the addition of hydrochar on the nutrients recovery have not yet been investigated using a combination of chemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques. Therefore, a catalytic HT process was employed to pretreat swine manure without additives (manure-HT) and with H2O2 addition (manure-HT- H2O2) to improve the conversion efficiency of labile or organic phosphorus (P) to inorganic phase. Then, a Ca-Al layered double hydroxide hydrochar (Ca/Al LDH@HC) derived from corn cob biomass was synthesized and applied to enhance P sorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), P k-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), were used to elucidate the mechanisms of P release and capture. The H2O2 assisted HT treatment significantly enhanced the release of inorganic P (251.4 mg/L) as compared to the untreated manure (57.2 mg/L). The 3D-EEM analysis indicated that the labile or organic P was transformed and solubilized efficiently along with the deconstruction of manure components after the H2O2 assisted HT pretreatment. Application of Ca/Al LDH@HC improved the removal efficiency of P from the derived P-rich HT liquid. This sorption process was conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption was the primary mechanism. The results of SEM and P k-edge XANES exhibited that Ca, as the dominated metal component, could act as a reaction site for the formation of phosphate precipitation. These results provide critical findings about recovering P from manure waste, which is useful for biowastes management and nutrients utilization, and mitigating unintended P loss and potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yingqi Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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26
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Shi Y, Chen Z, Zhu K, Fan J, Clark JH, Luo G, Zhang S. Speciation evolution and transformation mechanism of P during microwave hydrothermal process of sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152801. [PMID: 34986420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global shortage of phosphate ore, sewage sludge is an important resource for P recovery. This study aims to investigate how P was migrated and transformed during the microwave hydrothermal (MHT) process of sewage sludge. The effects of MHT and hydrothermal (HT) conversion were compared. The results reveals that there were no significant differences on the P distribution and speciation changes between the HT and MHT products, especially under high hydrothermal temperature. Ortho-P/Pyro-P was the dominant P form in the hydrothermal solid products, and high temperature promoted the transformation of C-O-P to Ortho-P/Pyro-P. The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) shows that Ca5(PO4)3OH was formed after the hydrothermal processes. The relative abundance of Ca-P decreased first and then increased with increasing hydrothermal temperature. Moderate MHT temperature (170 °C) and holding time (30-60 min) promoted the transformation of P to the liquid products. Generally, the effect of MHT temperature was more significant than that of heating type and holding time on the variations of P distribution and speciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Keliang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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27
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Zhang T, Wu X, Shaheen SM, Abdelrahman H, Ali EF, Bolan NS, Ok YS, Li G, Tsang DCW, Rinklebe J. Improving the humification and phosphorus flow during swine manure composting: A trial for enhancing the beneficial applications of hazardous biowastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127906. [PMID: 34891020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving the recovery of organic matter and phosphorus (P) from hazardous biowastes such as swine manure using acidic substrates (ASs) in conjunction with aerobic composting is of great interest. This work aimed to investigate the effects of ASs on the humification and/or P migration as well as on microbial succession during the swine manure composting, employing multivariate and multiscale approaches. Adding ASs, derived from wood vinegar and humic acid, increased the degree of humification and thermal stability of the compost. The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses demonstrated compost P was in the form of struvite crystals, Ca/Al-P phases, and Poly-P (all inorganic P species) as well as inositol hexakisphosphate and Mono-P (organophosphorus species). However, the efficiency of P recovery could be improved by generating more struvite by adding the ASs. The flows among nutrient pools resulted from the diversity in the dominant microbial communities in different composting phases after introducing the ASs and appearance of Bacillus spp. in all phases. These results demonstrate the potential value of ASs for regulating and/or improving nutrients flow during the composting of hazardous biowastes for producing higher quality compost, which may maximize their beneficial benefits and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaosha Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Awasthi SK, Kumar M, Sarsaiya S, Ahluwalia V, Chen H, Kaur G, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A, Rathour R, Kumar S, Singh L, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Multi-criteria research lines on livestock manure biorefinery development towards a circular economy: From the perspective of a life cycle assessment and business models strategies. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2022; 341:130862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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29
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Gbouri I, Yu F, Wang X, Wang J, Cui X, Hu Y, Yan B, Chen G. Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge and Wetland Biomass Waste for Biochar Production: Behaviors of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052818. [PMID: 35270520 PMCID: PMC8909961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of sewage sludge (SS) and wetland plant wastes are generated in the wastewater treatment system worldwide. The conversion of these solid wastes into biochar through co-pyrolysis could be a promising resource utilization scheme. In this study, biochar was prepared by co-pyrolysis of SS and reed (Phragmites australis, RD) using a modified muffle furnace device under different temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C) and with different mixing ratios (25, 50, and 75 wt.% RD). The physicochemical properties of biochar and the transformation behaviors of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process were studied. Compared with single SS pyrolysis, the biochar derived from SS-RD co-pyrolysis had lower yield and ash content, higher pH, C content, and aromatic structure. The addition of RD could reduce the total P content of biochar and promote the transformation from non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) to apatite phosphorus (AP). In addition, co-pyrolysis also reduced the content and toxicity of heavy metals in biochar. Therefore, co-pyrolysis could be a promising strategy to achieve the simultaneous treatment of SS and RD, as well as the production of value-added biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Gbouri
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Xutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Beibei Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
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30
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Duboc O, Hernandez-Mora A, Wenzel WW, Santner J. Improving the prediction of fertilizer phosphorus availability to plants with simple, but non-standardized extraction techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150486. [PMID: 34601180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the circular economy, new P fertilizers produced from diverse secondary raw materials are being developed using various technologies. Standard extraction methods (neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) and H2O) provide limited information about the agronomic efficiency of these often heterogenous new products. Here, we compared these extractions with two alternative methods: 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO3 and a sink extraction driven by phosphate adsorption onto ferrihydrite ("Iron Bag") on 79 recycled and mineral reference fertilizers. We compared their capacity to predict shoot biomass and P content of rye (S. cereale L.) grown in a greenhouse on three soils of contrasting pH with a subset of 42 fertilizers. The median extracted P (% of total P) was H2O (1%) < NaHCO3 (25%) < Iron Bag (67%) < NAC (85%). The NaHCO3 extraction stood out as a cost-effective and reliable method to predict plant shoot biomass and P content (R2 ranging between 0.65 and 0.86 in the slightly acidic and alkaline soil). Notwithstanding, the other methods provide complementary information for a more detailed characterization of how P solubility may be impacted by e.g. soil pH, granulation, or time. The implications of this work are therefore significant for fertilizer production, regulation, and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duboc
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Alicia Hernandez-Mora
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Agrana Research & Innovation Center GmbH (ARIC), Josef-Reither-Strasse 21-23, 3430 7pTulln, Austria
| | - Walter W Wenzel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakob Santner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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31
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Influence of Post- and Pre-Acid Treatment during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge on P-Transformation and the Characteristics of Hydrochar. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from alternative P-rich residues is essential to meet the growing demands of food production globally. Despite sewage sludge being a potential source for P, its direct application on agricultural land is controversial because of the obvious concerns related to heavy metals and organic pollutants. Further, most of the available P recovery and sludge management technologies are cost-intensive as they require mandatory dewatering of sewage sludge. In this regard, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has gained great attention as a promising process to effectively treat the wet sewage sludge without it having to be dewatered, and it simultaneously enables the recovery of P. This study was conducted to analyse and compare the influence of acid (H2SO4) addition during and after HTC of sewage sludge on P leaching and the characteristics of hydrochar. The obtained results suggested that despite using the same amount of H2SO4, P leaching from solid to liquid phase was significantly higher when acid was used after the HTC of sewage sludge in comparison with acid utilization during the HTC process. After HTC, the reduction in acid-buffering capacity of sewage sludge and increase in solubility of phosphate precipitating metal ions had a greater influence on the mobilization of P from solid to liquid phase. In contrast, utilization of H2SO4 in different process conditions did not have a great influence on proximate analysis results and calorific value of consequently produced hydrochar.
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Brod E, Øgaard AF. Closing global P cycles: The effect of dewatered fish sludge and manure solids as P fertiliser. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 135:190-198. [PMID: 34509771 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to closing global phosphorus (P) cycles by investigating and explaining the effect of fish sludge (feed residues and faeces of farmed fish) and manure solids as P fertiliser. Phosphorus quality in 14 filtered and/or dried, composted, separated or pyrolysed products based on fish sludge or cattle or swine manure was studied by sequential chemical fractionation and in two two-year growth trials, a pot experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare) and a field experiment with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). In fish sludge, P was mainly solubilised in the HCl fraction (66 ± 10%), commonly being associated with slowly soluble calcium phosphates, and mean relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of fish sludge products during the first year of the pot experiment was only 47 ± 24%. Low immediate P availability was not compensated for during the second year. Thus efforts are needed to optimise the P effects if fish sludge is to be transformed from a waste into a valuable fertiliser. In manure solids, P was mainly soluble in H2O and 0.5 M NaHCO3 (72 ± 14%), commonly being associated with plant-available P, and mean RAE during the first year of the pot experiment was 77 ± 19%. Biochars based on fish sludge or manure had low concentrations of soluble P and low P fertilisation effects, confirming that treatment processes other than pyrolysis should be chosen for P-rich waste resources to allow efficient P recycling. The field experiment supported the results of the pot experiment, but provided little additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brod
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne Falk Øgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
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33
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Nan H, Yin J, Yang F, Luo Y, Zhao L, Cao X. Pyrolysis temperature-dependent carbon retention and stability of biochar with participation of calcium: Implications to carbon sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117566. [PMID: 34153610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Converting biomass waste into biochar by slow pyrolysis with subsequent soil amendment is a prospective approach with multiple environmental benefits including soil contamination remediation, soil amelioration and carbon sequestration. This study selected cow manure as precursor to produce biochar under 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, and a remarkable promotion of carbon (C) retention in biochar by incorporation of exogenous Ca was achieved at all investigated pyrolysis temperatures. The C retention was elevated from 49.2 to 68.3% of pristine biochars to 66.1-79.7% of Ca-composite biochars. It was interesting that extent of this improvement increased gradually with rising of pyrolysis temperature, i.e., doping Ca in biomass promoted pyrolytic C retention in biochar by 16.6%, 23.4%, 29.1% and 31.1% for 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometer (TG-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Ca catalyzed thermal-chemical reactions and simultaneously suppressed the release of small organic molecular substances (C2-C7) via physical blocking (CaO, CaCO3, and CaClOH) and chemical bonding (CO and OC-O). The catalyzation mainly occurred at 200-400 °C, while the suppression was more prominent at higher temperatures. Raman spectra and 2D FTIR analysis on biochar microstructure showed that presence of Ca had negative influence on carbon aromatization and thus weakened biochar's stability, while increasing pyrolysis temperature enhanced the stability of carbon structure. Finally, with integrating "C retention" during pyrolysis and "C stability" in biochar, the maximum C sequestration (56.3%) was achieved at 600 °C with the participation of Ca. The study highlights the importance of both Ca and pyrolysis temperature in enhancing biochar's capacity of sequestrating C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxiang Yin
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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34
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Xiong Q, Wu X, Lv H, Liu S, Hou H, Wu X. Influence of rice husk addition on phosphorus fractions and heavy metals risk of biochar derived from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130566. [PMID: 33932904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature on the phosphorus (P) fractions and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochar co-pyrolyzed from sewage sludge and rice husk. Biochar properties were analyzed, and the transformation of P and heavy metals speciation during co-pyrolysis were also discussed. Co-pyrolysis of raw sludge and rice husk (10-50 wt%) could increase the carbonization degree and stability of biochar at 500 °C. The organic P (OP) in raw sludge (68 wt%) was transformed to inorganic P (IP) during co-pyrolysis, indicating that the addition of rice husk could improve biochar-P bioavailability by promoting the transformation of IP. The IP content increased from 71.5 wt% of sludge biochar to 92 wt% of blended biochar (50 wt% sludge and 50 wt% rice husk) at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. With the mass ratio of sludge to rice husk of 5:5, the OP content decreased from 3 mg g-1 to 0.75 mg g-1 as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C. The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that P species in biochar mainly existed as orthophosphate, which can be directly taken up by plants. After co-pyrolysis, the toxicity and mobility of heavy metals gradually decreased with increasing rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature. The study indicates that co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk could be a promising P reuse strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hang Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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35
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Usmani Z, Sharma M, Awasthi AK, Sharma GD, Cysneiros D, Nayak SC, Thakur VK, Naidu R, Pandey A, Gupta VK. Minimizing hazardous impact of food waste in a circular economy - Advances in resource recovery through green strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126154. [PMID: 34492935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in food waste and its management have increasingly started to focus on treating it as a reusable resource. The hazardous impact of food waste such as the release of greenhouse gases, deterioration of water quality and contamination of land areas are a major threat posed by food waste. Under the circular economy principles, food waste can be used as a sustainable supply of high-value energy, fuel, and nutrients through green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic treatment, ultrasonic, hydrothermal carbonization. Recent advances made in anaerobic co-digestion are helping in tackling dual or even multiple waste streams at once with better product yields. Integrated approaches that employ pre-processing the food waste to remove obstacles such as volatile fractions, oils and other inhibitory components from the feedstock to enhance their bioconversion to reduce sugars. Research efforts are also progressing in optimizing the operational parameters such as temperature, pressure, pH and residence time to enhance further the output of products such as methane, hydrogen and other platform chemicals such as lactic acid, succinic acid and formic acid. This review brings together some of the recent progress made in the green strategies towards food waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India; Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh 173101, India
| | | | | | | | - S Chandra Nayak
- DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Faculty of Science, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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36
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Belete YZ, Mau V, Yahav Spitzer R, Posmanik R, Jassby D, Iddya A, Kassem N, Tester JW, Gross A. Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobic digestate and manure from a dairy farm on energy recovery and the fate of nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125164. [PMID: 33906016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of raw and anaerobically digested (AD) manure with either water or whey was studied, with the goal of recovering energy and nutrients. Specifically, the impacts of HTC reaction temperature (180-240 °C), solid feedstock, and type of liquid on hydrochar quality and aqueous phase properties were tested. Of the hydrochars produced, the calorific value of whey-based hydrochar was the highest, (19.4 and 16.0 MJ/kg for manure and digestate, respectively). Overall, the net energy gain was higher for HTC of manure with whey (7.4-8.3 MJ/kg dry feedstock) and water (4.4-5.1 MJ/kg) compared to the combined AD-HTC process with whey (4.4-5.3 MJ/kg) and water (2.3-2.9 MJ/kg). Digestate-derived hydrochar contained up to 1.8% P, higher than manure-derived hydrochar (≤1.5%). Using whey as a liquid for HTC increased the aqueous-phase N-P-K concentrations up to 3,200, 410, and 7,900 mg/L, respectively, suggesting its potential use as a liquid fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Zeslase Belete
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Vivian Mau
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Reut Yahav Spitzer
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Roy Posmanik
- Agriculture Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arpita Iddya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nazih Kassem
- Smith School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jefferson W Tester
- Smith School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel.
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Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154114. [PMID: 34361308 PMCID: PMC8347720 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/P/K) in SM-derived hydrochar produced at different reaction temperatures (200-280 °C) was investigated. The recovery of P (61.0-67.1%) in hydrochars was significantly higher than that of N (23.0-39.8%) and K (25.5-30.0%), and the increase in reaction temperature promoted the recovery of P and reduced the recovery of N. After the HTC treatment, the percentage of soluble/available P was reduced from 61.6% in raw SM to 4.0-23.9% in hydrochars, while that of moderately labile/slow-release P was improved from 29.2% in raw SM feedstock to 65.5-82.7%. An obvious reduction was also found in the amounts of available N (from 51.3% in raw SM feedstock to 33.0-40.5% in hydrochars). The percentages of slow-release N and residual N in hydrochars produced at 240 °C reached the maximum and minimum values (46.4% and 18.9%), respectively. A total of 49.5-58.3% of K retained in hydrochars was residual (invalid) potassium. From the perspective of the mobility and availability of N, P and K only, it was suggested that the HTC of SM should be carried out at 220-240 °C. Compared with the original SM, it is safer and more effective to use the SM-derived hydrochar as an organic fertilizer.
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38
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Liu Q, Li J, Fang Z, Liu Y, Xu Y, Ruan X, Zhang X, Cao W. Behavior of fast and slow phosphorus release from sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with CaO. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28319-28328. [PMID: 33533005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolyzation of sewage sludge (SS) could efficiently transform inherent phosphorus (P) into bioavailable phosphate forms, which endows SS-derived biochar (SSB) the potential as a soil fertilizer. However, the details about the release behavior of P in SSB have not been systematically investigated. This study evaluated the fast and slow P releasing behaviors from SSB and CaO-amended SSB prepared under different pyrolysis temperature. The higher pyrolysis temperature and CaO addition could enhance the conversion of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) into more bioavailable apatite inorganic phosphorous (AP). Acidic and alkaline conditions were favorable for the fast release of P from SSB. Higher ionic strength condition gave greater releasing amounts of TP and the SO42- facilitating a rapid release of TP than those for Cl- and NO3-. SSBs with CaO addition showed a much slower TP release than those without CaO both in fast release (24 h, with CaO: 0.05~0.4 mg TP g-1 SSB, e.g., without CaO 0.5~5 mg TP g-1 SSB) and slow release tests (21 days, with CaO: 1.2~4.1 mg TP g-1 SSB, e.g., without CaO 1.8~5.7 mg TP g-1 SSB). Ortho-P release was more remarkable for the SSB amended with CaO (~54% of TP), which was likely due to the formation of orthophosphate. The results of this study suggested that SSB prepared by high pyrolysis temperature and CaO addition had high potential as a slow P-releasing fertilizer for the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ruan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Weimin Cao
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Influence of Acids and Alkali as Additives on Hydrothermally Treating Sewage Sludge: Effect on Phosphorus Recovery, Yield, and Energy Value of Hydrochar. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high moisture content present in sewage sludge hinders the use of sewage sludge in incineration or energy application. This limitation of moisture present in sewage sludge can be obviated by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. In sewage sludge management, the HTC process requires less energy compared to other conventional thermo–chemical management processes. The HTC process produces energy-rich hydrochar products and simultaneously enables phosphorus recovery. This study investigates the influence of organic acids, inorganic acid, and alkali as additives on phosphorus transformation, yield, proximate analysis and the heating value of subsequently produced hydrochar. The analysis includes various process temperatures (200 °C, 220 °C, and 240 °C) in the presence of deionized water, acids (0.1 M and 0.25 M; H2SO4, HCOOH, CH3COOH), and alkali (0.1 M and 0.25 M; NaOH) solutions as feed water. The results show that phosphorus leaching into the process-water, hydrochar yield, proximate analysis, and the heating value of produced hydrochar is pH- and temperature-dependent, and particularly significant in the presence of H2SO4. In contrast, utilization of H2SO4 and NaOH as an additive has a negative influence on the heating value of produced hydrochar.
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Yang L, Wu Y, Wang Y, An W, Jin J, Sun K, Wang X. Effects of biochar addition on the abundance, speciation, availability, and leaching loss of soil phosphorus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143657. [PMID: 33250256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a promising soil amendment, biochar has demonstrated its potential for influencing soil nutrient transformations. The effects of biochar on soil phosphorus (P) transformations have received much less attention than its effects on carbon cycling. A review of the literature reveals that biochar applications to soils may have notable effects on the abundance, speciation, availability, and leaching loss of soil P. However, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the biochar-induced environmental behavior of soil P has not been obtained so far. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed and identified the known and potential mechanisms through which biochar affects P behavior in soils: (1) biochar as a source of P provides soluble and exchangeable P to soil; (2) biochar enhances the availability of endogenic soil P by influencing P-related complexation and metabolism effects; and (3) biochar affects P leaching losses directly or indirectly by adsorbing P, improving P retention by soil, and facilitating P assimilation by plants. By presenting a broad and detailed illustration of P behaviors in biochar-amended soils, this paper suggests that the application of biochar to soils will help enlarge soil P pools, increase soil P availability, and decrease P leaching losses from soil. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the long-term effects of biochar addition on soil P transformations, explore how biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) affects the mobility and availability of soil mineral-associated P, and examine the transport of particulate P in biochar-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yichu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiqi An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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41
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Shi Y, Chen Z, Cao Y, Fan J, Clark JH, Luo G, Zhang S. Migration and transformation mechanism of phosphorus in waste activated sludge during anaerobic fermentation and hydrothermal conversion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123649. [PMID: 32823030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated migration and transformation mechanism of P in waste activated sludge (WAS) during anaerobic fermentation (AF) process and the subsequent hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process. Control of pH during the AF processes was found to be significant, whereby the use of acidic (pH = 5.5) or alkaline conditions (pH = 9.5) facilitated the release of either apatite phosphorus (AP) or non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) and organic phosphorus, respectively. At the same pH of 9.5, NaOH promoted the transfer of P into liquid phase, and P in the solid phase was mainly in the form of NAIP. In contrast, Ca(OH)2 enhanced the incorporation of P into the solid products, with the P mainly in the form of AP. The subsequent HTC process promoted the NAIP transferred to AP, and the bioavailability of P in the HTC solid products was decreased. The P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis provided detailed information about the phosphates. It demonstrated that the conversion of Ca8H2PO4·6.5H2O to Ca5(PO4)3·OH was facilitated by HTC under the alkaline condition. This study sheds lights on transformation mechanism of P speciations during AF and HTC processes, which would provide fundamental information for effective utilization of P in bio-wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Technical Service Platformfor Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Technical Service Platformfor Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
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42
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Wang JX, Chen SW, Lai FY, Liu SY, Xiong JB, Zhou CF, Yi-Yu, Huang HJ. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of pig feces for the production of hydrochar. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cheng Y, Luo L, Lv J, Li G, Wen B, Ma Y, Huang R. Copper Speciation Evolution in Swine Manure Induced by Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9008-9014. [PMID: 32539362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swine manures generally contain high levels of copper (Cu) resulting from its use as a growth promoter in feedstuff. Pyrolysis can further concentrate Cu whereas decrease its available fraction in swine manures. Here we investigated the speciation transformation of Cu and associated elements in swine manures induced by pyrolysis using multiple X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Results showed that over 82% of Cu existed as Cu(I)-S and Cu(I)-thiolate complexes in swine manures, which were transformed into stable Cu(I)2S during pyrolysis at a low temperature of 300 °C and partially oxidized and desulfurized into Cu(II) compounds at a high temperature of 500 °C. The speciation evolution of Cu in swine manures was consistent with the speciation distribution of sulfur in feedstuff and its following changes in swine manures during pyrolysis. About 58% of phosphorus existed as CaHPO4 and struvite in swine manures, which were gradually transformed into stable Ca-bound species such as hydroxyapatite during pyrolysis. The formation of stable phosphate, together with concentrated carbonates, significantly decreased the available Cu in pyrolyzed manures. These findings suggested that the high levels of S and P in feedstuff profoundly affected the speciation of Cu in the swine manures and derived biochars. This study has important implications to our understanding of the behaviors of heavy metals in manure-derived biochars once entering soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rixiang Huang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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44
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Ahmad S, Zhu X, Luo J, Zhou S, Zhang C, Fan J, Clark JH, Zhang S. Phosphorus and nitrogen transformation in antibiotic mycelial residue derived hydrochar and activated pyrolyzed samples: Effect on Pb (II) immobilization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122446. [PMID: 32155525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lincomycin residue (LR, a type of antibiotic mycelial residue) derived hydrochar samples (LR-HCs) were obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and pyrolysis applied to these LR-HCs to produce activated pyrolyzed samples (LR-APs). Transformation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) species during HTC and pyrolysis was of primary interest and characterized by several techniques. Nitrogen content of dry LR was calculated by elemental analysis, being 7.91 wt. %, decreasing to 2.51 after HTC and 1.12 wt. % after concesutive HTC and pyrolysis. FT-IR analysis provided evidence for amine groups in LR samples. XPS analysis described N species (Pyridinic-N, Amine-N, Protein-N, Pyrrolic-N, and Quaternary-N) and P species (ortho-P/pyro-P and Ar-P) in LR samples, effectively. Sequential extraction showed that the HTC and pyrolysis changed the proportion of the P species from labile (P-NaHCO3 and P-NaOH) to stable ones (P-residue). Utilization and suitability of as-prepared LR-HCs and LR-APs for heavy metal Pb (II) immobilization show promising results. To help understand immobilization process, kinetic (pseudo-1st-order and pseudo-2nd-order) and isotherm (Freundlich) models were tested and verified. Results confirmed that P and N species were transformed during HTC and pyrolysis and that these processes lead to an advantageous effect on Pb (II) removal from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiewen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shaojie Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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45
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Wang H, Yang Z, Li X, Liu Y. Distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals and phosphorus during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17109-17122. [PMID: 32146677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals (HMs) and phosphorus (P) during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge. In addition to a large reduction in sludge volume, HTC significantly decreased the exchangeable fraction of HMs (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn) and increased their residual fraction, which resulted in immobilization of HMs accumulated in hydrochar. The ecological toxicity of HMs was greatly reduced, and all HMs exhibited their lowest risk levels after HTC at 220 °C for 1 h in 2% H2SO4 solution. Most of the P (~ 97%) in the input sludge remained in the hydrochar after HTC. HTC facilitated transformation of organic P to inorganic P and promoted conversion of apatite P to non-apatite inorganic P under acidic conditions. The feasibility of recovering P from sludge by HTC was verified by an acid extraction experiment utilizing hydrochar, which recovered more than 90% P. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, 100871, China.
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46
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Fang C, Huang R, Dykstra CM, Jiang R, Pavlostathis SG, Tang Y. Energy and Nutrient Recovery from Sewage Sludge and Manure via Anaerobic Digestion with Hydrothermal Pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1147-1156. [PMID: 31790234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global expectation for sustainability has prompted the transition of practices in wastewater treatment plants toward not only waste management but also energy and nutrient recovery. It has been shown that low-temperature hydrotherm (HT) treatment can enhance downstream biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD). Yet, because the application of combined HT and AD is still at an early stage, a systematic understanding of the dynamic speciation evolution of important elements is still lacking. This study investigates energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge and swine manure via combined HT-AD treatment. Bench-scale investigation was conducted to evaluate biogas production and understand the dynamic evolution of organic carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) speciation. C and P speciations were characterized using complementary chemical and spectroscopic techniques, including 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, P X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and sequential chemical extraction. Results from this study suggest that low-temperature HT pretreatment can achieve enhanced biogas production for sludge compared to the minimal effect on the biogas production from manure. It also provides guidance for P recovery from liquid digestate and solid residue after the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Fang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
| | - Christy M Dykstra
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0512 , United States
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0512 , United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0512 , United States
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47
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Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.
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48
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Adhikari S, Gascó G, Méndez A, Surapaneni A, Jegatheesan V, Shah K, Paz-Ferreiro J. Influence of pyrolysis parameters on phosphorus fractions of biosolids derived biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133846. [PMID: 31416032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming biosolids into biochar, through pyrolysis, could result in more sustainable waste management. Influence of pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate and residence time) on physico-chemical properties of biosolids (collected at Mount Martha Water Recycling Plant, Melbourne), phosphorus fractions and phosphorus forms was investigated. Twelve different biochar samples were produced at 400, 500 and 600 °C, at two heating rates (5 and 20 °C/min) and at two residence times (30 and 120 min). Biochar yield, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), elements (C, H and N) and BET surface area were analysed. Sequential extraction of P in biosolids and resultant biochars was done using Hedley method. Characterization was completed with SEM images and results from 31P liquid state NMR. Increased temperatures would not only increase the alkalinity, decrease EC and increase the adsorption capacity by increasing the surface area but also convert the readily available P to a less available pool. Therefore, this nutrient might be released to soil slowly over a longer period of time. The results showed that temperature, along with residence time and heating rate, had a significant effect on the characteristics observed. Therefore, all these factors need to be carefully considered when preparing biochar for use as a soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adhikari
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Gascó
- Department of Agricultural Production, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Méndez
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Surapaneni
- South East Water Corporation, Waters Edge, 101 Wells Street, Frankston 3199, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Shah
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Paz-Ferreiro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 VIC, Melbourne, Australia.
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49
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Jiang Y, Ren C, Guo H, Guo M, Li W. Speciation Transformation of Phosphorus in Poultry Litter during Pyrolysis: Insights from X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13841-13849. [PMID: 31684726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Converting poultry litter (PL) into biochar by slow pyrolysis is a promising approach for recycling organic waste with enhanced phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency, which needs fundamental knowledge of in situ P speciation transformation for optimizing the biochar conversion conditions. In this study, solid-state NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterize solid-state P and C speciation of raw PL and PL-derived biochars prepared at various pyrolysis temperatures. The NMR analysis indicated that phytates were decomposed while hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) formed during conversion of PL to PL-derived biochar at a pyrolysis temperature above 300 °C. With increasing pyrolysis temperature to above 500 °C, farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) formed. The higher pyrolysis temperature also favored the formation of calcite and provided deeper carbonization (i.e., greater dominance of thermally stable aromatic structures) in the biochar products. Water extractable P decreased significantly from 2.9 g/kg in PL to less than 0.3 g/kg in the PL-derived biochars prepared above 300 °C, indicating the inhibition effect of pyrolysis on the P lability mainly through transformation of labile phosphates in PL into less soluble forms. Overall, this study suggested that different pyrolysis temperatures should be considered for selective conversion of PL to biochar products with distinct agricultural and environmental applications that demand special P release patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Chao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Delaware State University , Dover , Delaware 19901 , United States
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
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50
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Ovsyannikova E, Arauzo PJ, Becker GС, Kruse A. Experimental and thermodynamic studies of phosphate behavior during the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:147-156. [PMID: 31344568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recovered phosphate from sewage sludge is becoming a key product in the fertilizer market. This study investigates the fate of phosphate during the hydrothermal carbonization of digested sewage sludge to support the development of an economic and sustainable solution for dealing with sewage sludge for phosphate recovery. The solid products from the hydrothermal carbonization of digested sewage sludge in a batch reactor (180, 220, and 260 °C; 1, 2, and 4 h; digested sewage sludge-to-water ratios of 0.2 and 0.1 w/w) were analyzed using a sequential chemical extraction procedure to understand and predict the formation of phosphate species and the related extraction behavior of phosphate. The obtained results were compared with the thermochemical equilibrium composition of hydrothermal carbonization products, calculated using the software FactSage 7.2. The majority of phosphate was retained as Al, Ca, and Fe salts in hydrochar. The decomposition of organic phosphates was observed by processing at lower temperatures. Hydrothermal carbonization at temperatures higher than 180 °C resulted in the transformation of the Al-bound phosphate into Ca-bound phosphate. Hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) and Fe7(PO4)6 were calculated as stable phosphate-containing minerals at equilibrium. This study suggests that kinetic constraints inhibit the formation of these minerals in the batch reactor and presents a mechanism of phosphate transformation using the obtained data. The results allow for targeted optimization of phosphate recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Ovsyannikova
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Garbenstr, 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Pablo J Arauzo
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Garbenstr, 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gero С Becker
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Garbenstr, 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Kruse
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Garbenstr, 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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