1
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Milsom A, Squires AM, Ward AD, Pfrang C. Molecular Self-Organization in Surfactant Atmospheric Aerosol Proxies. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2555-2568. [PMID: 37688543 PMCID: PMC10552546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Outdoors, they take part in the climate system via cloud droplet formation, and they contribute to indoor and outdoor air pollution, impacting human health and man-made environmental change. In the indoor environment, aerosols are formed by common activities such as cooking and cleaning. People can spend up to ca. 90% of their time indoors, especially in the western world. Therefore, there is a need to understand how indoor aerosols are processed in addition to outdoor aerosols.Surfactants make significant contributions to aerosol emissions, with sources ranging from cooking to sea spray. These molecules alter the cloud droplet formation potential by changing the surface tension of aqueous droplets and thus increasing their ability to grow. They can also coat solid surfaces such as windows ("window grime") and dust particles. Such surface films are more important indoors due to the higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to the outdoor environment, increasing the likelihood of surface film-pollutant interactions.A common cooking and marine emission, oleic acid, is known to self-organize into a range of 3-D nanostructures. These nanostructures are highly viscous and as such can impact the kinetics of aerosol and film aging (i.e., water uptake and oxidation). There is still a discrepancy between the longer atmospheric lifetime of oleic acid compared with laboratory experiment-based predictions.We have created a body of experimental and modeling work focusing on the novel proposition of surfactant self-organization in the atmosphere. Self-organized proxies were studied as nanometer-to-micrometer films, levitated droplets, and bulk mixtures. This access to a wide range of geometries and scales has resulted in the following main conclusions: (i) an atmospherically abundant surfactant can self-organize into a range of viscous nanostructures in the presence of other compounds commonly encountered in atmospheric aerosols; (ii) surfactant self-organization significantly reduces the reactivity of the organic phase, increasing the chemical lifetime of these surfactant molecules and other particle constituents; (iii) while self-assembly was found over a wide range of conditions and compositions, the specific, observed nanostructure is highly sensitive to mixture composition; and (iv) a "crust" of product material forms on the surface of reacting particles and films, limiting the diffusion of reactive gases to the particle or film bulk and subsequent reactivity. These findings suggest that hazardous, reactive materials may be protected in aerosol matrixes underneath a highly viscous shell, thus extending the atmospheric residence times of otherwise short-lived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Milsom
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Adam M. Squires
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, South Building, Soldier Down Ln,
Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Ward
- STFC
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central
Laser Facility, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Christian Pfrang
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Meteorology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6UR, U.K.
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2
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Chen B, Mirrielees JA, Chen Y, Onasch TB, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Zhang Y, Brooks SD. Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4125-4136. [PMID: 37129903 PMCID: PMC10863072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phase states and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are important to resolve for understanding the formation, growth, and fate of SOA as well as their cloud formation properties. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how Tg changes with the composition of organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, we measured the Tg of organic mixtures containing isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-derived SOA components, including 2-methyltetrols (2-MT), 2-methyltetrol-sulfate (2-MTS), and 3-methyltetrol-sulfate (3-MTS). The results demonstrate that the Tg of mixtures depends on their composition. The Kwei equation, a modified Gordon-Taylor equation with an added quadratic term and a fitting parameter representing strong intermolecular interactions, provides a good fit for the Tg-composition relationship of complex mixtures. By combining Raman spectroscopy with geometry optimization simulations obtained using density functional theory, we demonstrate that the non-linear deviation of Tg as a function of composition may be caused by changes in the extent of hydrogen bonding in the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jessica A. Mirrielees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy B. Onasch
- Aerodyne
Research, Inc, 45 Manning
Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- College
of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #3290, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sarah D. Brooks
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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3
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Zhao Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang S, Li C, Xiao H. Acylperoxy Radicals as Key Intermediates in the Formation of Dimeric Compounds in α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14249-14261. [PMID: 36178682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight dimeric compounds constitute a significant fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and have profound impacts on the properties and lifecycle of particles in the atmosphere. Although different formation mechanisms involving reactive intermediates and/or closed-shell monomeric species have been proposed for the particle-phase dimers, their relative importance remains in debate. Here, we report unambiguous experimental evidence of the important role of acyl organic peroxy radicals (RO2) and a small but non-negligible contribution from stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the formation of particle-phase dimers during ozonolysis of α-pinene, one of the most important precursors for biogenic SOA. Specifically, we find that acyl RO2-involved reactions explain 50-80% of total oxygenated dimer signals (C15-C20, O/C ≥ 0.4) and 20-30% of the total less oxygenated (O/C < 0.4) dimer signals. In particular, they contribute to 70% of C15-C19 dimer ester formation, likely mainly via the decarboxylation of diacyl peroxides arising from acyl RO2 cross-reactions. In comparison, SCIs play a minor role in the formation of C15-C19 dimer esters but react noticeably with the most abundant C9 and C10 carboxylic acids and/or carbonyl products to form C19 and C20 dimeric peroxides, which are prone to particle-phase transformation to form more stable dimers without the peroxide functionality. This work provides a clearer view of the formation pathways of particle-phase dimers from α-pinene oxidation and would help reduce the uncertainties in future atmospheric modeling of the budget, properties, and health and climate impacts of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Milsom A, Squires AM, Quant I, Terrill NJ, Huband S, Woden B, Cabrera-Martinez ER, Pfrang C. Exploring the Nanostructures Accessible to an Organic Surfactant Atmospheric Aerosol Proxy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7331-7341. [PMID: 36169656 PMCID: PMC9574911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The composition of atmospheric aerosols varies with time,
season,
location, and environment. This affects key aerosol properties such
as hygroscopicity and reactivity, influencing the aerosol’s
impact on the climate and air quality. The organic fraction of atmospheric
aerosol emissions often contains surfactant material, such as fatty
acids. These molecules are known to form three-dimensional nanostructures
in contact with water. Different nanostructures have marked differences
in viscosity and diffusivity that are properties whose understanding
is essential when considering an aerosol’s atmospheric impact.
We have explored a range of nanostructures accessible to the organic
surfactant oleic acid (commonly found in cooking emissions), simulating
variation that is likely to happen in the atmosphere. This was achieved
by changing the amount of water, aqueous phase salinity and by addition
of other commonly coemitted compounds: sugars and stearic acid (the
saturated analogue of oleic acid). The nanostructure was observed
by both synchrotron and laboratory small/wide angle X-ray scattering
(SAXS/WAXS) and found to be sensitive to the proxy composition. Additionally,
the spacing between repeat units in these nanostructures was water
content dependent (i.e., an increase from 41 to 54 Å in inverse
hexagonal phase d-spacing when increasing the water
content from 30 to 50 wt %), suggesting incorporation of water within
the nanostructure. A significant decrease in mixture viscosity was
also observed with increasing water content from ∼104 to ∼102 Pa s when increasing the water content
from 30 to 60 wt %. Time-resolved SAXS experiments on levitated droplets
of this proxy confirm the phase changes observed in bulk phase mixtures
and demonstrate that coexistent nanostructures can form in droplets.
Aerosol compositional and subsequent nanostructural changes could
affect aerosol processes, leading to an impact on the climate and
urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Milsom
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Squires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, South Building, Soldier Down Ln, Claverton Down BA2 7AX, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quant
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Huband
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Woden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Edna R Cabrera-Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Pfrang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Earley Gate, RG6 6BB, Reading, United Kingdom
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5
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Fankhauser AM, Lei Z, Daley KR, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Gold A, Ault BS, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Acidity-Dependent Atmospheric Organosulfate Structures and Spectra: Exploration of Protonation State Effects via Raman and Infrared Spectroscopies Combined with Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5974-5984. [PMID: 36017944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organosulfates formed from heterogeneous reactions of organic-derived oxidation products with sulfate ions can account for >15% of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass, primarily in submicron particles with long atmospheric lifetimes. However, fundamental understanding of organosulfate molecular structures is limited, particularly at atmospherically relevant acidities (pH = 0-6). Herein, for 2-methyltetrol sulfates (2-MTSs), an important group of isoprene-derived organosulfates, protonation state and vibrational modes were studied using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations of vibrational spectra for neutral (RO-SO3H) and anionic/deprotonated (RO-SO3-) structures. The calculated sulfate group vibrations differ for the two protonation states due to their different sulfur-oxygen bond orders (1 or 2 versus 12/3 for the neutral and deprotonated forms, respectively). Only vibrations at 1060 and 1041 cm-1, which are associated with symmetric S-O stretches of the 2-MTS anion, were observed experimentally with Raman, while sulfate group vibrations for the neutral form (∼900, 1200, and 1400 cm-1) were not observed. Additional calculations of organosulfates formed from other SOA-precursor gases (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene) identified similar symmetric vibrations between 1000 and 1100 cm-1 for RO-SO3-, consistent with corresponding organosulfates formed during laboratory experiments. These results suggest that organosulfates are primarily deprotonated at atmospheric pH values, which have further implications for aerosol acidity, heterogeneous reactions, and continuing chemistry in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Fankhauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kimberly R Daley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Bruce S Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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6
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Lei Z, Zhang J, Mueller EA, Xiao Y, Kolozsvari KR, McNeil AJ, Banaszak Holl MM, Ault AP. Glass Transition Temperatures of Individual Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles: Direct Measurement via Heated Atomic Force Microscopy Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11973-11977. [PMID: 35993793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phase (solid, semisolid, or liquid) of atmospheric aerosols is central to their ability to take up water or undergo heterogeneous reactions. In recent years, the unexpected prevalence of viscous organic particles has been shown through field measurements and global atmospheric modeling. The aerosol phase has been predicted using glass transition temperatures (Tg), which were estimated based on molecular weight, oxygen:carbon ratio, and chemical formulae of organic species present in atmospheric particles via studies of bulk materials. However, at the most important sizes for cloud nucleation (∼50-500 nm), particles are complex mixtures of numerous organic species, inorganic salts, and water with substantial particle-to-particle variability. To date, direct measurements of Tg have not been feasible for individual atmospheric particles. Herein, nanothermal analysis (NanoTA), which uses a resistively heated atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe, is combined with AFM photothermal infrared (AFM-PTIR) spectroscopy to determine the Tg and composition of individual particles down to 76 nm in diameter at ambient temperature and pressure. Laboratory-generated proxies for organic aerosol (sucrose, ouabain, raffinose, and maltoheptaose) had similar Tg values to bulk Tg values measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the Tg predictions used in atmospheric models. Laboratory-generated phase-separated particles and ambient particles were analyzed with NanoTA + AFM-PTIR showing intraparticle variation in composition and Tg. These results demonstrate the potential for NanoTA + AFM-PTIR to increase our understanding of viscosity within submicrometer atmospheric particles with complex phases, morphologies, and compositions, which will enable improved modeling of aerosol impacts on clouds and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Emily A Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katherine R Kolozsvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne J McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Lei Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cooke ME, Ledsky IR, Armstrong NC, Olson NE, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Initial pH Governs Secondary Organic Aerosol Phase State and Morphology after Uptake of Isoprene Epoxydiols (IEPOX). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10596-10607. [PMID: 35834796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol acidity increases secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) by enhancing condensed-phase reactions within sulfate-containing submicron particles, leading to low-volatility organic products. However, the link between the initial aerosol acidity and the resulting physicochemical properties of IEPOX-derived SOA remains uncertain. Herein, we show distinct differences in the morphology, phase state, and chemical composition of individual organic-inorganic mixed particles after IEPOX uptake to ammonium sulfate particles with different initial atmospherically relevant acidities (pH = 1, 3, and 5). Physicochemical properties were characterized via atomic force microscopy coupled with photothermal infrared spectroscopy (AFM-PTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy. Compared to less acidic particles (pH 3 and 5), reactive uptake of IEPOX to the most acidic particles (pH 1) resulted in 50% more organosulfate formation, clearer phase separation (core-shell), and more irregularly shaped morphologies, suggesting that the organic phase transitioned to semisolid or solid. This study highlights that initial aerosol acidity may govern the subsequent aerosol physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and morphology, following the multiphase chemical reactions of IEPOX. These results can be used in future studies to improve model parameterizations of SOA formation from IEPOX and its properties, toward the goal of bridging predictions and atmospheric observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isabel R Ledsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - N Cazimir Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Chen Y, Song Y, Tang Y, Dong C, Cai Z. Molecular characterization of organic aerosols in Taiyuan, China: Seasonal variation and source identification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149419. [PMID: 34392207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected in 2018 in Taiyuan, a typical industrial and mining city in North China Plain (NCP), were characterized based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry. Potential molecular identifications based on precise molecular weight were conducted to obtain the compositional and source information of organic aerosols (OAs) in this city. Evident variation trends were observed during the sampling period in the composition, degree of oxidation and saturation of the obtained molecules. The proportion of CHOS- and CHO+ were increased from winter to summer and then decreased, conversely the proportion of CHN+ was decreased from winter to summer and then increased. By reclassifying the molecules, OA molecules were observed to be more saturated and oxidized in summer. It was caused by the high abundance of organosulfates (OSs) in summer, and aromatic amines/N-heterocycle aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs) in winter. Molecular identification indicated that the OSs were basically originated from biogenic source isoprene or monoterpene, while the aromatic amines and PANHs were related to anthropogenic emissions of fossil fuel combustion, like other cities in the NCP area. The prevailing northwesterlies in winter may bring coal-burning pollutants from other cities, while the high abundance of organosulfates in summer may be related to the PM2.5 transportation from Shijiazhuang. This study firstly demonstrates the molecular composition characteristics, potential sources, and geographical origins of PM2.5 in Taiyuan, which gives a comprehensive understanding of PM2.5 in a typical industrial and mining city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingtao Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Longnecker E, Metz L, Miller RS, Berke AE. Probing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Secondary Organic Aerosol Mimicking Solutions Using Articulated Straws. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33436-33442. [PMID: 34926893 PMCID: PMC8674910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in aerosol particles containing oxidized organic species and inorganic salts affects particle morphology and influences uptake into, diffusion through, and reactivity within those particles. We report here an accessible method, similar to ice core analyses, using solutions that are relevant for both aerosol chemical systems and aqueous two-phase extraction systems and contain ammonium sulfate and one of eight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butaonol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol) frozen in articulated (bendable) straws to probe LLPS. For alcohols with negative octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K OW) values and O/C ratios ≥0.5, no LLPS occurs, while for alcohols with positive K OW values and O/C ratios ≤0.33, phase separation always occurs, both findings consistent with observations using different experimental techniques. When a third species, glyoxal, is added, the glyoxal stays in the aqueous phase, regardless of whether LLPS occurs. When phase separation occurs, the glyoxal forms a strong intermolecular interaction with the sulfate ion, red-shifting the ν3(SO4 2-) peak by 15 cm-1. These results provide evidence of chemical interactions within phase-separated systems that have implications for understanding chemical reactivity within those, and related, systems.
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10
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Kundu A, Shetti NP, Basu S, Reddy KR, Nadagouda MN, Aminabhavi TM. Identification and removal of micro- and nano-plastics: Efficient and cost-effective methods. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 421:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129816. [PMID: 34504393 PMCID: PMC8422880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have gained much attention in recent years because of their ubiquitous presence, which is the widely acknowledged threat to the environment. MPs can be <5 mm size, while NPs are <100 nm, and both can be detected in various forms and shapes in the environment to alleviate their harmful effects on aquatic species, soil organisms, birds, and humans. In efforts to address these issues, the present review discusses about sampling methods for water, sediments, and biota along with their merits and demerits. Various identification techniques such as FTIR, Raman, ToF-SIMS, MALDI TOF MS, and ICP-MS are critically discussed. The detrimental effects caused by MPs and NPs are discussed critically along with the efficient and cost-effective treatment processes including membrane technologies in order to remove plastics particles from various sources to mitigate their environmental pollution and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 027, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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11
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Lee HD, Tivanski AV. Atomic Force Microscopy: An Emerging Tool in Measuring the Phase State and Surface Tension of Individual Aerosol Particles. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:235-252. [PMID: 33428467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are suspended particulate matter of varying composition, size, and mixing state. Challenges remain in understanding the impact of aerosols on the climate, atmosphere, and human health. The effect of aerosols depends on their physicochemical properties, such as their hygroscopicity, phase state, and surface tension. These properties are dynamic with respect to the highly variable relative humidity and temperature of the atmosphere. Thus, experimental approaches that permit the measurement of these dynamic properties are required. Such measurements also need to be performed on individual, submicrometer-, and supermicrometer-sized aerosol particles, as individual atmospheric particles from the same source can exhibit great variability in their form and function. In this context, this review focuses on the recent emergence of atomic force microscopy as an experimental tool in physical, analytical, and atmospheric chemistry that enables such measurements. Remaining challenges are noted and suggestions for future studies are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol D Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; ,
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; ,
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12
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Xu G, Cheng H, Jones R, Feng Y, Gong K, Li K, Fang X, Tahir MA, Valev VK, Zhang L. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Facilitates the Detection of Microplastics <1 μm in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15594-15603. [PMID: 33095569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics are considered one of the top pollutants that threaten the environment, aquatic life, and mammalian (including human) health. Unfortunately, the development of uncomplicated but reliable analytical methods that are sensitive to individual microplastic particles, with sizes smaller than 1 μm, remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrate the detection and identification of (single) micro- and nanoplastics by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with Klarite substrates. Klarite is an exceptional SERS substrate; it is shaped as a dense grid of inverted pyramidal cavities made of gold. Numerical simulations demonstrate that these cavities (or pits) strongly focus incident light into intense hotspots. We show that Klarite has the potential to facilitate the detection and identification of synthesized and atmospheric/aquatic microplastic (single) particles, with sizes down to 360 nm. We find enhancement factors of up to 2 orders of magnitude for polystyrene analytes. In addition, we detect and identify microplastics with sizes down to 450 nm on Klarite, with samples extracted from ambient, airborne particles. Moreover, we demonstrate Raman mapping as a fast detection technique for submicron microplastic particles. The results show that SERS with Klarite is a facile technique that has the potential to detect and systematically measure nanoplastics in the environment. This research is an important step toward detecting nanoscale plastic particles that may cause toxic effects to mammalian and aquatic life when present in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Robin Jones
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Kedong Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Kejian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Ventsislav Kolev Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples' Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, Peoples' Republic of China
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13
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Petters M, Kasparoglu S. Predicting the influence of particle size on the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15170. [PMID: 32938963 PMCID: PMC7495436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols can assume liquid, amorphous semi-solid or glassy, and crystalline phase states. Particle phase state plays a critical role in understanding and predicting aerosol impacts on human health, visibility, cloud formation, and climate. Melting point depression increases with decreasing particle diameter and is predicted by the Gibbs-Thompson relationship. This work reviews existing data on the melting point depression to constrain a simple parameterization of the process. The parameter [Formula: see text] describes the degree to which particle size lowers the melting point and is found to vary between 300 and 1800 K nm for a wide range of particle compositions. The parameterization is used together with existing frameworks for modeling the temperature and RH dependence of viscosity to predict the influence of particle size on the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic aerosol formed from the oxidation of [Formula: see text]-pinene. Literature data are broadly consistent with the predictions. The model predicts a sharp decrease in viscosity for particles less than 100 nm in diameter. It is computationally efficient and suitable for inclusion in models to evaluate the potential influence of the phase change on atmospheric processes. New experimental data of the size-dependence of particle viscosity for atmospheric aerosol mimics are needed to thoroughly validate the predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Petters
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695-8208, USA.
| | - Sabin Kasparoglu
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695-8208, USA
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14
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Ault AP. Aerosol Acidity: Novel Measurements and Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1703-1714. [PMID: 32786333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pH of a solution is one of its most fundamental chemical properties, impacting reaction pathways and kinetics across every area of chemistry. The atmosphere is no different, with the pH of the condensed phase driving key chemical reactions that ultimately impact global climate in numerous ways. The condensed phase in the atmosphere is comprised of suspended liquid or solid particles, known as the atmospheric aerosol, which are differentiated from cloud droplets by their much smaller size (primarily <10 μm). The pH of the atmospheric aerosol can enhance certain chemical reactions leading to the formation of additional condensed phase mass from lower volatility species (secondary aerosol), alter the optical and water uptake properties of particles, and solubilize metals that can act as key nutrients in nutrient-limited ecosystems or cause oxidative stress after inhalation. However, despite the importance of aerosol acidity for climate and health, our fundamental understanding of pH has been limited due to aerosol size (by number >99% of particles are <1 μm) and complexity. Within a single atmospheric particle, there can be hundreds to thousands of distinct chemical species, varying water content, high ionic strengths, and different phases (liquid, semisolid, and solid). Making aerosol analysis even more challenging, atmospheric particles are constantly evolving through heterogeneous reactions with gases and multiphase chemistry within the condensed phase. Based on these challenges, traditional pH measurements are not feasible, and, for years, indirect and proxy methods were the most common way to estimate aerosol pH, with mixed results. However, aerosol pH needs to be incorporated into climate models to accurately determine which chemical reactions are dominant in the atmosphere. Consequently, experimental measurements that probe pH in atmospherically relevant particles are sorely needed to advance our understanding of aerosol acidity.This Account describes recent advances in measurements of aerosol particle acidity, specifically three distinct methods we developed for experimentally determining particle pH. Our acid-conjugate base method uses Raman microspectroscopy to probe an acid (e.g., HSO4-) and its conjugate base (e.g., SO42-) in individual micrometer-sized particles. Our second approach is a field-deployable colorimetric method based on pH indicators (e.g., thymol blue) and cell phone imaging to provide a simple, low-cost approach to ensemble average (or bulk) pH for particles in distinct size ranges down to a few hundred nanometers in diameter. In our third method, we monitor acid-catalyzed polymer degradation of a thin film (∼23 nm) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) on silicon by individual particles with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after inertially impacting particles of different pH. These measurements are improving our understanding of aerosol pH from a fundamental physical chemistry perspective and have led to initial atmospheric measurements. The impact of aerosol pH on key atmospheric processes, such as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, is discussed. Some unique findings, such as an unexpected size dependence to aerosol pH and kinetic limitations, illustrate that particles are not always in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding gas. The implications of our limited, but improving, understanding of the fundamental chemical concept of pH in the atmospheric aerosol are critical for connecting chemistry and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Or VW, Wade M, Patel S, Alves MR, Kim D, Schwab S, Przelomski H, O'Brien R, Rim D, Corsi RL, Vance ME, Farmer DK, Grassian VH. Glass surface evolution following gas adsorption and particle deposition from indoor cooking events as probed by microspectroscopic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1698-1709. [PMID: 32661531 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor surfaces are extremely diverse and their interactions with airborne compounds and aerosols influence the lifetime and reactivity of indoor emissions. Direct measurements of the physical and chemical state of these surfaces provide insights into the underlying physical and chemical processes involving surface adsorption, surface partitioning and particle deposition. Window glass, a ubiquitous indoor surface, was placed vertically during indoor activities throughout the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign and then analyzed to measure changes in surface morphology and surface composition. Atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopic analyses reveal that deposition of submicron particles from cooking events is a contributor to modifying the chemical and physical state of glass surfaces. These results demonstrate that the deposition of glass surfaces can be an important sink for organic rich particles material indoors. These findings also show that particle deposition contributes enough organic matter from a single day of exposure equivalent to a uniform film up to two nanometers in thickness, and that the chemical distinctness of different indoor activities is reflective of the chemical and morphological changes seen in these indoor surfaces. Comparison of the experimental results to physical deposition models shows variable agreement, suggesting that processes not captured in physical deposition models may play a role in the sticking of particles on indoor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Or
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Michael Wade
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sameer Patel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Sarah Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Hannah Przelomski
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - Rachel O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - Donghyun Rim
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Richard L Corsi
- Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97021, USA
| | - Marina E Vance
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. and Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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16
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Schmedding R, Rasool QZ, Zhang Y, Pye HOT, Zhang H, Chen Y, Surratt JD, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Goldstein AH, Vizuete W. Predicting secondary organic aerosol phase state and viscosity and its effect on multiphase chemistry in a regional-scale air quality model. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:8201-8225. [PMID: 32983235 PMCID: PMC7510956 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-8201-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are a significant public health hazard and have substantial impacts on the climate. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have been shown to phase separate into a highly viscous organic outer layer surrounding an aqueous core. This phase separation can decrease the partitioning of semi-volatile and low-volatile species to the organic phase and alter the extent of acid-catalyzed reactions in the aqueous core. A new algorithm that can determine SOA phase separation based on their glass transition temperature (T g), oxygen to carbon (O : C) ratio and organic mass to sulfate ratio, and meteorological conditions was implemented into the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) system version 5.2.1 and was used to simulate the conditions in the continental United States for the summer of 2013. SOA formed at the ground/surface level was predicted to be phase separated with core-shell morphology, i.e., aqueous inorganic core surrounded by organic coating 65.4 % of the time during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) on average in the isoprene-rich southeastern United States. Our estimate is in proximity to the previously reported ~ 70 % in literature. The phase states of organic coatings switched between semi-solid and liquid states, depending on the environmental conditions. The semi-solid shell occurring with lower aerosol liquid water content (western United States and at higher altitudes) has a viscosity that was predicted to be 102-1012 Pa s, which resulted in organic mass being decreased due to diffusion limitation. Organic aerosol was primarily liquid where aerosol liquid water was dominant (eastern United States and at the surface), with a viscosity < 102 Pa s. Phase separation while in a liquid phase state, i.e., liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), also reduces reactive uptake rates relative to homogeneous internally mixed liquid morphology but was lower than aerosols with a thick viscous organic shell. The sensitivity cases performed with different phase-separation parameterization and dissolution rate of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) into the particle phase in CMAQ can have varying impact on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) organic mass, in terms of bias and error compared to field data collected during the 2013 SOAS. This highlights the need to better constrain the parameters that govern phase state and morphology of SOA, as well as expand mechanistic representation of multiphase chemistry for non-IEPOX SOA formation in models aided by novel experimental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schmedding
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Quazi Z. Rasool
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | | | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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17
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Freedman MA. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Supermicrometer and Submicrometer Aerosol Particles. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1102-1110. [PMID: 32432453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe interactions of aerosol particles with light and clouds are among the most uncertain aspects of anthropogenic climate forcings. The effects of aerosol particles on climate depend on their optical properties, heterogeneous chemistry, water uptake behavior, and ice nucleation activity. These properties in turn depend on aerosol physics and chemistry including composition, size, shape, internal structure (morphology), and phase state. The greatest numbers of particles are found at small, submicrometer sizes, and the properties of aerosol particles can differ on the nanoscale compared with measurements of bulk materials. As a result, our focus has been on characterizing the phase transitions of aerosol particles in both supermicrometer and submicrometer particles. The phase transition of particular interest for us has been liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which occurs when components of a solution phase separate due to a difference in solubilities. For example, organic compounds can have limited solubility in salt solutions especially as the water content decreases, increasing the concentration of the salt solution, and causing phase separation between organic-rich and inorganic-rich phases. To characterize the systems of interest, we primarily use optical microscopy for supermicrometer particles and cryogenic-transmission microscopy for submicrometer particles.This Account details our main results to date for the phase transitions of supermicrometer particles and the morphology of submicrometer aerosol. We have found that the relative humidity (RH) at which LLPS occurs (separation RH; SRH) is highly sensitive to the composition of the particles. For supermicrometer particles, SRH decreases as the pH is lowered to atmospherically relevant values. SRH also decreases when non-phase-separating organic compounds are added to the particles. For submicrometer particles, a size dependence of morphology is observed in systems that undergo LLPS in supermicrometer particles. In the limit of slow drying rates, particles <30 nm are homogeneous and larger particles are phase-separated. This size dependence of aerosol morphology arises because small particles cannot overcome the activation barrier needed to form a new phase when phase separation occurs by a nucleation and growth mechanism. The inhibition of LLPS in small particles is observed for mixtures of ammonium sulfate with single organic compounds as well as complex organics like α-pinene secondary organic matter. The morphology of particles affects activation diameters for the formation of cloud condensation nuclei. These results more generally have implications for aerosol properties that affect the climate system. In addition, LLPS is also widely studied in materials and biological chemistry, and our results could potentially translate to implications for these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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19
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Lei Z, Bliesner SE, Mattson CN, Cooke ME, Olson NE, Chibwe K, Albert JNL, Ault AP. Aerosol Acidity Sensing via Polymer Degradation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6502-6511. [PMID: 32227877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of atmospheric aerosols is a critical property that affects the chemistry and composition of the atmosphere. Many key multiphase chemical reactions are pH-dependent, impacting processes like secondary organic aerosol formation, and need to be understood at a single particle level due to differences in particle-to-particle composition that impact both climate and health. However, the analytical challenge of measuring aerosol acidity in individual particles has limited pH measurements for fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) particles. This has led to a reliance on indirect methods or thermodynamic modeling, which focus on average, not individual, particle pH. Thus, new approaches are needed to probe single particle pH. In this study, a novel method for pH measurement was explored using degradation of a pH-sensitive polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone), to determine the acidity of individual submicron particles. Submicron particles of known pH (0 or 6) were deposited on a polymer film (21-25 nm thick) and allowed to react. Particles were then rinsed off, and the degradation of the polymer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. After degradation, holes in the PCL films exposed to pH 0 were observed, and the loss of the carbonyl stretch was monitored at 1723 cm-1. As particle size decreased, polymer degradation increased, indicating an increase in aerosol acidity at smaller particle diameters. This study describes a new approach to determine individual particle acidity and is a step toward addressing a key measurement gap related to our understanding of atmospheric aerosol impacts on climate and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Samuel E Bliesner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Claire N Mattson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaseba Chibwe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N L Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Ditto JC, Joo T, Khare P, Sheu R, Takeuchi M, Chen Y, Xu W, Bui AAT, Sun Y, Ng NL, Gentner DR. Effects of Molecular-Level Compositional Variability in Organic Aerosol on Phase State and Thermodynamic Mixing Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13009-13018. [PMID: 31525033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular-level composition and structure of organic aerosol (OA) affect its chemical/physical properties, transformations, and impacts. Here, we use the molecular-level chemical composition of functionalized OA from three diverse field sites to evaluate the effect of molecular-level compositional variability on OA phase state and thermodynamic mixing favorability. For these ambient sites, modeled aerosol phase state ranges from liquid to semisolid. The observed variability in OA composition has some effect on resulting phase state, but other factors like the presence of inorganic ions, aerosol liquid water, and internal versus external mixing with water are determining factors in whether these particles exist as liquids, semisolids, or solids. Organic molecular composition plays a more important role in determining phase state for phase-separated (verus well-mixed) systems. Similarly, despite the observed OA compositional differences, the thermodynamic mixing favorability for OA samples with aerosol liquid water, isoprene oxidation products, or monoterpene oxidation products remains fairly consistent within each campaign. Mixing of filter-sampled OA and isoprene or monoterpene oxidation products is often favorable in both seasons, while mixing with water is generally unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Ditto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Taekyu Joo
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Peeyush Khare
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Roger Sheu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Yunle Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry , Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Alexander A T Bui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry , Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Drew R Gentner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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21
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Zhang Y, Nichman L, Spencer P, Jung JI, Lee A, Heffernan BK, Gold A, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR, Onasch TB, Surratt JD, Chandler D, Davidovits P, Kolb CE. The Cooling Rate- and Volatility-Dependent Glass-Forming Properties of Organic Aerosols Measured by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12366-12378. [PMID: 31490675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glass transitions of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from liquid/semisolid to solid phase states have important implications for aerosol reactivity, growth, and cloud formation properties. In the present study, glass transition temperatures (Tg) of isoprene SOA components, including isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX), 2-methyltetrols, and 2-methyltetrol sulfates, were measured at atmospherically relevant cooling rates (2-10 K/min) by thin film broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The results indicate that 2-methyltetrol sulfates have the highest glass transition temperature, while ISOPOOH has the lowest glass transition temperature. By varying the cooling rate of the same compound from 2 to 10 K/min, the Tg of these compounds increased by 4-5 K. This temperature difference leads to a height difference of 400-800 m in the atmosphere for the corresponding updraft induced cooling rates, assuming a hygroscopicity value (κ) of 0.1 and relative humidity less than 95%. The Tg of the organic compounds was found to be strongly correlated with volatility, and a semiempirical formula between glass transition temperatures and volatility was derived. The Gordon-Taylor equation was applied to calculate the effect of relative humidity (RH) and water content at five mixing ratios on the Tg of organic aerosols. The model shows that Tg could drop by 15-40 K as the RH changes from <5 to 90%, whereas the mixing ratio of water in the particle increases from 0 to 0.5. These results underscore the importance of chemical composition, updraft rates, and water content (RH) in determining the phase states and hygroscopic properties of organic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Leonid Nichman
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Peyton Spencer
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Jason I Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Brian K Heffernan
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | | | - John T Jayne
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Timothy B Onasch
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - David Chandler
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Paul Davidovits
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Charles E Kolb
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
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22
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Riva M, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Olson NE, Boyer HC, Narayan S, Yee LD, Green HS, Cui T, Zhang Z, Baumann K, Fort M, Edgerton E, Budisulistiorini SH, Rose CA, Ribeiro IO, e Oliveira RL, dos Santos EO, Machado CMD, Szopa S, Zhao Y, Alves EG, de Sá SS, Hu W, Knipping EM, Shaw SL, Duvoisin S, de Souza RAF, Palm BB, Jimenez JL, Glasius M, Goldstein AH, Pye HOT, Gold A, Turpin BJ, Vizuete W, Martin ST, Thornton JA, Dutcher CS, Ault AP, Surratt JD. Increasing Isoprene Epoxydiol-to-Inorganic Sulfate Aerosol Ratio Results in Extensive Conversion of Inorganic Sulfate to Organosulfur Forms: Implications for Aerosol Physicochemical Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8682-8694. [PMID: 31335134 PMCID: PMC6823602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acid-driven multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), key isoprene oxidation products, with inorganic sulfate aerosol yields substantial amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through the formation of organosulfur compounds. The extent and implications of inorganic-to-organic sulfate conversion, however, are unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that extensive consumption of inorganic sulfate occurs, which increases with the IEPOX-to-inorganic sulfate concentration ratio (IEPOX/Sulfinorg), as determined by laboratory measurements. Characterization of the total sulfur aerosol observed at Look Rock, Tennessee, from 2007 to 2016 shows that organosulfur mass fractions will likely continue to increase with ongoing declines in anthropogenic Sulfinorg, consistent with our laboratory findings. We further demonstrate that organosulfur compounds greatly modify critical aerosol properties, such as acidity, morphology, viscosity, and phase state. These new mechanistic insights demonstrate that changes in SO2 emissions, especially in isoprene-dominated environments, will significantly alter biogenic SOA physicochemical properties. Consequently, IEPOX/Sulfinorg will play an important role in understanding the historical climate and determining future impacts of biogenic SOA on the global climate and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Riva
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicole E. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hallie C. Boyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shweta Narayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lindsay D. Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hilary S. Green
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Mike Fort
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA
| | - Eric Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA
| | - Sri H. Budisulistiorini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caitlin A. Rose
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Igor O. Ribeiro
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69050, Brasil
| | - Rafael L. e Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69050, Brasil
| | - Erickson O. dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067, Brazil
| | - Cristine M. D. Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067, Brazil
| | - Sophie Szopa
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-IPSL, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eliane G. Alves
- Environment Dynamics Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067, Brazil
| | - Suzane S. de Sá
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | - Sergio Duvoisin
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69050, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo A. F. de Souza
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, 69050, Brasil
| | - Brett B. Palm
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jose-Luis Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara J. Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scot T. Martin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cari S. Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Schmedding R, Ma M, Zhang Y, Farrell S, Pye HOT, Chen Y, Wang CT, Rasool QZ, Budisulistiorini SH, Ault AP, Surratt JD, Vizuete W. α-Pinene-Derived Organic Coatings on Acidic Sulfate Aerosol Impacts Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Isoprene in a Box Model. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2019; 213:456-462. [PMID: 31320832 PMCID: PMC6638570 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to have an adverse impact on public health and is an important climate forcer. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributes up to 80% of PM2.5 worldwide and multiphase reactions are an important pathway to form SOA. Aerosol-phase state is thought to influence the reactive uptake of gas-phase precursors to aerosol particles by altering diffusion rates within particles. Current air quality models do not include the impact of diffusion-limiting organic coatings on SOA formation. This work examines how α-pinene-derived organic coatings change the predicted formation of SOA from the acid-catalyzed multiphase reactions of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX). A box model, with inputs provided from field measurements taken at the Look Rock (LRK) site in Great Smokey Mountains National Park during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), was modified to incorporate the latest laboratory-based kinetic data accounting for organic coating influences. Including an organic coating influence reduced the modeled reactive uptake when relative humidity was in the 55-80% range, with predicted IEPOX-derived SOA being reduced by up to 33%. Only sensitivity cases with a large increase in Henry's Law values of an order of magnitude or more or in particle reaction rates resulted in the large statistically significant differences form base model performance. These results suggest an organic coating layer could have an impact on IEPOX-derived SOA formation and warrant consideration in regional and global scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schmedding
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Mutian Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Sara Farrell
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Havala O T Pye
- Environmental Protection Agency at Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Chi-Tsan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Quazi Z Rasool
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | | | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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