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Liu H, Cai C, Zhang X, Li W, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P. Discovery of Novel Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Fungicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2492-2500. [PMID: 38271672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Structural diversity derivatization from natural products is an important and effective method of discovering novel green pesticides. Cinnamic acids are abundant in plants, and their unparalleled structures endow them with various excellent biological activities. A series of novel cinnamic oxime esters were designed and synthesized to develop high antifungal agrochemicals. The antifungal activity, structure-activity relationship, and action mechanism were systematically studied. Compounds 7i, 7u, 7v, and 7x exhibited satisfactory activity against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, with inhibition rates of ≥90% at 50 μg/mL. Compounds 7z and 7n demonstrated excellent activities against Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.71 and 1.41 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 7z exhibited 100% protective and curative activities against apple Valsa canker at 200 μg/mL. The control effects of 7n against gray mold on tomato fruits and leaves were all >96%, exhibiting superior or similar effects to those of the commercial fungicide boscalid. Furthermore, the quantitative structure-activity relationship was established to guide the further design of higher-activity compounds. The preliminary results on the action mechanism revealed that 7n treatment could disrupt the function of the nucleus and mitochondria, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell membrane damage. Its primary biochemical mechanism may be inhibiting fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. The novel structure, simple synthesis, and excellent activity of cinnamic oxime esters render them promising potential fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chonglin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ye J, Liu X, Zhou R, Hui T, Li J, Feng J, Ma Z, Gao Y. Natural terpene-based derivatives to control postharvest sclerotinia rot and the involved potential mechanism. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 409:110461. [PMID: 37922858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop novel postharvest preservatives of satisfactory environmental compatibility from natural monoterpene, a series of terpene-based derivatives containing oxime ester were designed and prepared. In this research, the inhibitory effect of target compounds against S. sclerotiorum were evaluated though in vitro and in vivo tests. It was investigated that most compounds exhibited promising antifungal activity, especially compound 4k with EC50 value of 3.02 μg/mL, which was significantly superior to commercial fungicide trifloxystrobin. Notably, compound 4k improved the physicochemical quality of carrot including weight loss, contents of titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, carotenoid, malondialdehyde, and enzymes activities, ensuring post-harvest preservation. Simultaneously, the mycelial morphology, ultrastructure, cell wall permeability, and defense/respiration-related enzymes of S. sclerotiorum were destructed. The preliminary toxicity evaluation of target compounds indicated that the prepared target compounds possessed safety and low toxicity. Additionally, the essential chemical features for activity and interaction mode between molecule and cytochrome bc1 complex were inquired by computer-aid technology. The study provided meaningful insight into formulation of natural terpene-based fresh-keeping agent to resist postharvest decay infected by S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuoping Hui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Xu R, Chen K, Han X, Lou Y, Gu S, Gao Y, Shang S, Song Z, Song J, Li J. Design and Synthesis of Antifungal Candidates Containing Triazole Scaffold from Natural Rosin against Valsa mali for Crop Protection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37318049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two series of dehydroabietyl-1,2,4-triazole-4-Schiff-based derivatives were synthesized from rosin to control plant fungal diseases. In vitro evaluation and screening of the antifungal activity were performed using Valsa mali, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Gaeumannomyces graminis. Compound 3f showed excellent fungicidal activity against V. mali (EC50 = 0.537 μg/mL), which was significantly more effective than the positive control fluconazole (EC50 = 4.707 μg/mL). Compound 3f also had a considerable protective effect against V. mali (61.57%-92.16%), which was slightly lower than that of fluconazole (85.17-100%) at 25-100 μg/mL. Through physiological and biochemical analyses, the preliminary mode of action of compound 3f against V. mali was explored. Ultrastructural observation of mycelia showed that compound 3f hindered the growth of the mycelium and destroyed the ultrastructure of V. mali seriously. Conductivity analysis and laser scanning confocal microscope staining showed that compound 3f changed cell-membrane permeability and caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The enzyme activity results showed that compound 3f significantly inhibited the activity of CYP51 (59.70%), SOD (76.9%), and CAT (67.86%). Molecular docking identified strong interaction energy between compound 3f and crystal structures of CYP51 (-11.18 kcal/mol), SOD (-9.25 kcal/mol), and CAT (-8.79 kcal/mol). These results provide guidance for the discovery of natural product-based antifungal pesticide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renle Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Lou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Ye J, Zhou R, Gui K, Li J, Feng J, Ma Z, Lei P, Gao Y. Systematic Study on Turpentine-Derived Amides from Natural Plant Monoterpenes as Potential Antifungal Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5507-5515. [PMID: 36988236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the high volatility, low aqueous solubility, and few definite action sites of monoterpenoid pesticides and improve their properties and effectiveness in the control of crop pathogenic fungi, herein, a series of natural turpentine-based amide derivatives exhibiting satisfactory antifungal activity were designed and synthesized. A systematic study was conducted on antifungal activity and the physiological and biochemical response of compounds 5o (EC50 = 1.139 μg/mL) and 5j (EC50 = 1.762 μg/mL) against Rhizoctonia solani. The effect of the target compound on the potential target-site succinate dehydrogenase was evaluated. The soluble concentrates of compounds 5o and 5j possessing good performance and control effects were prepared for practical application. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between structural descriptors and activity, four representative title compounds were selected for theoretical calculation: 5o, 5j, 5k, and 5j. The binding mode of compound 5o and boscalid with succinate dehydrogenase was analyzed via molecular docking. This study provides a reference for the development of monoterpene pesticides with high efficiency, elucidated target sites, and the appropriate formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiening Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhui Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Gui
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Pan T, Ye J, Li J, Gui K, Li J, Feng J, Ma Z, Lei P, Gao Y. Discovery of Terpene-Derived Quaternary Ring Compounds Containing an Oxime Moiety as Potential Fungicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3164-3172. [PMID: 36748863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpene-derived quaternary ring compounds with an oxime moiety were designed and prepared to create fungicides from natural products. A preliminary assessment of their antifungal activity against seven common pathogenic fungi was conducted, and the median effective concentration (EC50) values against Rhizoctonia solani were obtained. The effects of compound 6a19 (3-bromothiophene-containing), which had an outstanding EC50 value (1.62 μg/mL), on the morphology, ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear morphology, and defense-related and respiration-related enzyme activities of mycelia were evaluated. The test compound was speculated to obstruct the bio-oxidative process, inhibiting mycelial growth. Compound 6a19 exhibited a satisfactory in vivo control effect on leaf sheath-infected rice plants. After treating rice plants with 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL 6a19, the protective and therapeutic efficacy values were 48.3 and 70.3%, 58.6 and 75.7%, and 69.0 and 81.1%, respectively. Moreover, a linear quantitative structure-activity relationship (R2 = 0.932, F = 61.3, and S2 = 0.020) was established using density functional theory calculations. Four chemical descriptors that were crucial to the antifungal activity were analyzed: the number of occupied electronic levels of atoms, the minimum atomic orbital electronic population, maximum net atom charge for a H atom, and minimum net atomic charge. In overall consideration of experimental results, it was speculated that the target compounds satisfactorily inhibited R. solani by interfering with biological oxidation pathways, which provided an insight into the future intensive and systematic action mechanism. This research is promising for the invention of novel fungicides from natural terpenes with multiple potential targets and satisfactory ecological compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmin Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhui Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiening Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Gui
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Duan X, Zhang L, Si H, Song J, Wang P, Chen S, Luo H, Rao X, Wang Z, Liao S. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, Cytotoxicity and QSAR Study of Camphor Derivatives. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080762. [PMID: 35893130 PMCID: PMC9332567 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of fungal phytopathogens affecting crops and woodlands is an important goal in environmental management and the maintenance of food security. This work describes the synthesis of 37 camphor derivatives, of which 27 were new compounds. Their antifungal effects on six fungi were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 3a, 4a and 5k showed strong antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor, with EC50 values of 0.43, 6.80 and 4.86 mg/L, respectively, which were better than that of tricyclazole (EC50 118.20 mg/L) and close to or better than that of carbendazim (EC50 1.20 mg/L). The most potent compound, 3a, exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity towards six fungi with EC50 values within the range of 0.43–40.18 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that compounds 3a, 4a and 5k gave irregular growth and shriveling of the mycelia. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the tested camphor derivatives had mild or no cytotoxicity for LO2 and HEK293T cell lines. Quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the number of F atoms, relative molecular weight, the atomic orbital electronic population and total charge on the positively charged surfaces of the molecules of camphor derivatives have effects on antifungal activity. The present study may provide a theoretical basis for a high-value use of camphor and could be helpful for the development of novel potential antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Duan
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Zhang
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyan Si
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, 303E Kearsley, Flint, MI 48502, USA;
| | - Peng Wang
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Shangxing Chen
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hai Luo
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoping Rao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Zongde Wang
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-0791-83813243 (S.L.)
| | - Shengliang Liao
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (P.W.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-0791-83813243 (S.L.)
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Wang Y, Mu Y, Hu X, Zhang C, Gao Y, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P. Indole/Tetrahydroquinoline as Renewable Natural Resource-Inspired Scaffolds in the Devising and Preparation of Potential Fungicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4582-4590. [PMID: 35385275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a continuous effort toward developing novel and highly efficient agrochemicals for integrated management of crop pathogens, two series of oxime ester derivatives from indole and tetrahydroquinoline natural scaffolds were prepared. Guided by the preliminary inhibition rates against ubiquitous and representative fungi, the antifungal profile of the target compounds against Valsa mali was intensively and extensively studied. The tetrahydroquinoline-based derivatives 12a-12r exerted a promising inhibition effect, especially against V. mali. The remarkable compounds 12p (R = 4-OCF3) and 12r (R = 4-OBn) with EC50 values of 0.81 and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively, have a far more prominent activity than commercial fungicide trifloxystrobin. The biochemistry and physiology responses of V. mali after treatment with target compound 12p was examined, and the fruit body production, hyphae morphology, and organelles were profoundly affected. Moreover, the curative effects of compound 12p on apple detached branches and leaves were 57.69 and 64.84% at 100 μg/mL, respectively, which were even superior to that of trifloxystrobin. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model [comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA): q2 = 0.823, r2 = 0.924, F = 189.781, and standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.138 and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA): q2 = 0.795, r2 = 0.904, F = 145.644, and SEE = 0.156] indicated that the antifungal activity of target compounds was facilitated by crucial structural factors, which would render inspiration for further design and discovery of novel fungicidal candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yali Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiatong Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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