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Huang Y, Liu J, Yang B. Catalytic mechanism and engineering of aromatic prenyltransferase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 313:144214. [PMID: 40379159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
The prenylation of aromatic compounds significantly enhances their metabolic stability and bioactivity. Prenyltransferases, as essential biocatalysts, facilitate the regioselective transfer of prenyl groups from donors to aromatic substrates. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the rational engineering of prenyltransferases through protein-based strategies, critically evaluates current challenges, and outlines future research priorities. Firstly, we delineate the biosynthetic pathways of prenylated phenolic compounds, emphasizing the pivotal roles of prenyltransferases, and classify these enzymes according to the structural diversity of their aromatic acceptor molecules. Secondly, the current state of prenyltransferase biosynthesis by comparing their heterologous expression levels across diverse microbial hosts is discussed, highlighting key factors influencing catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, we dissect the molecular mechanisms governing prenyltransferase activity and propose innovative engineering approaches integrating artificial intelligence and deep learning to develop high-performance biocatalysts for industrial applications. Finally, we address unresolved challenges in this field, including suboptimal catalytic activity, narrow substrate specificity, and limitations in multi-enzyme cascade systems and immobilization techniques. This review offers strategic insights to guide the engineering and scalable application of prenyltransferases in synthetic biology and pharmaceutical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key State Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key State Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Gao Z, Tang D, He B, Quan J, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Yang B, Yang J. Prenylation of flavonoids by DMATS1 and their anti-inflammatory activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:4586-4597. [PMID: 40007452 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenylated flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, including fruits and vegetables in the Moraceae and Fabaceae families. These chemicals are potential functional food ingredients owing to their attractive biological activities. However, natural prenylated flavonoids are rare, which limits their application. RESULTS Here, we reported the prenylation of apigenin and genistein catalyzed by DMATS1, a dimethylallyl-l-tryptophan synthase from Fusarium fujikuroi. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance identified their structure as 6-C-prenylapigenin (6-PA) and 6-C-prenylgenistein (6-PG), respectively. Cell-based assay suggested that both 6-PA and 6-PG induced the proliferation of THP-1 cells under low concentrations and were safe in doses less than 50 μmol L-1. 6-PA and 6-PG exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells, and inhibited the production of nitric oxide as well as downregulating the transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, and interleukin-1β. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that DMATS1 could catalyze the 6-C prenylation of apigenin and genistein, and the generated 6-PA and 6-PG exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, aiding in the recognition of 6-PA and 6-PG as nutraceuticals. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiao Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingtao Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingfeng He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Quan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Yang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang M, Jin J, Yi J, Yu X, Yuan CM, Zhou K. Dimethylallylated stilbenoids by chemo-selective prenyltransferases and their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Bioorg Chem 2025; 157:108261. [PMID: 39938445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
Prenylated stilbenoids are known for their unique health benefits and have been found to exhibit strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In this study, the dimethylallylation of eight stilbenoids was investigated, which was catalyzed by engineered enzymes of the fungal prenyltransferase AnaPT. These reactions of stilbenoids catalyzed by AnaPT_F265D and AnaPT_F265G are chemo-selective and 17 products are all C-dimethylallylated stilbenoids, including twelve mono- and five di-dimethylallylated stilbenoids, significantly expanding the structure diversity of naturally occurring dimethylallylated stilbenoids. 10 Compounds were reported for the first time in this study. The molecular docking of 1D1 with AnaPT was also conducted, which revealed that N115 was likely a key residue. Our results showed that the catalytic efficiencies of AnaPT_F265D_N115K and AnaPT_F265D_N115A were higher than the other mutants obtained. Eight compounds (1D1, 2D1, 3D2-3D4, 6D1, 6D4, and 8D1) exhibited inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 5.43 ± 0.16 to 42.61 ± 0.17 μM. Among them, compound 8D1 with IC50 value of 5.43 ± 0.16 μM showed about 40 times stronger than the positive control, acarbose with an IC50 of 217.07 ± 1.92 μM in α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. These fundings not only enrich the structure diversity of dimethylallylated stilbenoids but also lay the foundation for the discovery of potential candidate compounds for the treatment of diabetes and anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Jiale Yi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Tang D, Quan J, Gao Z, He B, Hou Y, Fan P, Pan M, Yang J. Prenylation of Flavanones by an Aromatic Prenyltransferase from Fusarium globosum. Molecules 2025; 30:1558. [PMID: 40286157 PMCID: PMC11990136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Prenylation increases the structural diversity and biological activity of flavonoids. In this study, an aromatic prenyltransferase, FgPT1, was identified from Fusarium globosum. This enzyme was demonstrated to specifically catalyze the prenylation of flavanones, including naringenin, hesperitin, eriodictyol, liquiritigenin, rac-pinocembrin, and dihydrogenistein, and exhibited no activity toward other types of flavonoids, including chalcones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, and flavonols. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that the majority of prenylated products were 6-C prenyl flavanones, with the exception of liquiritigenin, which was additionally transformed to 4'-O prenyl liquiritigenin. Enzyme kinetic analysis suggested that FgPT1 exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency towards naringenin, with a kcat/KM value determined as 61.92 s-1 M-1, and the lowest catalytic efficiency towards liquiritigenin, with a kcat/KM of 1.18 s-1 M-1. Biochemical characterization suggested that FgPT1 functioned as a metal-dependent enzyme with optimal activity in the presence of Ba2+ at pH 7.5 and 30 °C. Site-directed mutagenesis resulted in a series of mutants, including A325V with impaired prenylation activity and V116I, V181I, and V194I with enhanced activity. V194I displayed the highest enzymatic activity with a nine-fold increase compared to wild-type FgPT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiali Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (D.T.); (J.Q.); (Z.G.); (B.H.); (Y.H.); (P.F.); (M.P.)
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5
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Kumar P, Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R, Anal JMH. Antibacterial activity of structurally diverse natural prenylated isobavachalcone derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:32771-32785. [PMID: 39429936 PMCID: PMC11484510 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural prenylated flavonoid containing chalcone and prenyl chain moieties with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. In this work, we synthesized structurally diversified derivatives (IBC-2 to IBC-10) from the natural prenylated chalcone IBC isolated from Psoralea corylifolia and assessed their antibacterial potency against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains S. aureus ATCC 29213, MRSA ATCC 15187, E. coli ATCC25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. IBC and IBC-2 exhibited a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5.0 μM against S. aureus ATCC 29213, whereas IBC-3 exhibited a broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Cytotoxicity assessments on the murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line revealed minimal to moderate cytotoxicity for IBC-2 and IBC-3 with a favorable selectivity index (>10). Time- and concentration-dependent studies further supported the bactericidal nature of the compounds, as IBC, IBC-2, and IBC-3 exhibited concentration-dependent killing of S. aureus in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, combination studies, SEM analysis, and PI staining suggest that IBC-3's mechanism of action targets the bacteria's cytoplasmic membrane or cell wall. The bioactive compounds displayed promising drug-like characteristics and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile (ADME-Tox), indicating a projected high oral bioavailability. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) drawn from this study reveal that a prenyl chain at the A-ring and hydroxy functional groups attached to the aromatic rings of chalcone scaffolds are responsible for this antibacterial potential, which will be helpful in the future discovery and development of antibiotics from natural products to overcome the antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sapna Saini
- Infectious Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Jasha Momo H Anal
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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6
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Wu Y, Qian S, Zhou X, Li SM, Yuan CM, Yang S, Zhou K. Increasing structure diversity of farnesylated chalcones by a fungal aromatic prenyltransferase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114149. [PMID: 38763314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Farnesylated chalcones were favored by researchers due to their different biological activities. However, only five naturally occurring farnesylated chalcones were described in the literature until now. Here, the farnesylation of six chalcones by the Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase AtaPT was reported. Fourteen monofarnesylated chalcones (1F1-1F5, 2F1-2F3, 3F1, 3F2, 4F1, 4F2, 5F1, 6F1, and 6F2) and a difarnesylated product (2F3) were obtained, enriching the diversity of natural farnesylated chalcones significantly. Ten of them are C-farnesylated products, which complement O-farnesylated chalcones by chemical synthesis. Fourteen products have not been reported prior to this study. Nine of the produced compounds (1F2-1F5, 2F1-2F3, 5F1, and 6F1) exhibited inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 24.08 ± 1.44 to 190.0 ± 0.28 μM. Among them, compounds 2F3 with IC50 value at 24.08 ± 1.44 μM and 1F4 with IC50 value at 30.09 ± 0.59 μM showed about 20 times stronger than the positive control acarbose with an IC50 at 536.87 ± 24.25 μM in α-glucosidase inhibitory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shiyunhua Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg, 35037, Germany
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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7
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Chunkrua P, Leschonski KP, Gran-Scheuch AA, Vreeke GJC, Vincken JP, Fraaije MW, van Berkel WJH, de Bruijn WJC, Kabel MA. Prenylation of aromatic amino acids and plant phenolics by an aromatic prenyltransferase from Rasamsonia emersonii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:421. [PMID: 39023782 PMCID: PMC11258057 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases (DMATSs) are aromatic prenyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of a prenyl moiety from a donor to an aromatic acceptor during the biosynthesis of microbial secondary metabolites. Due to their broad substrate scope, DMATSs are anticipated as biotechnological tools for producing bioactive prenylated aromatic compounds. Our study explored the substrate scope and product profile of a recombinant RePT, a novel DMATS from the thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii. Among a variety of aromatic substrates, RePT showed the highest substrate conversion for L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine (> 90%), yielding two mono-prenylated products in both cases. Nine phenolics from diverse phenolic subclasses were notably converted (> 10%), of which the stilbenes oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, and resveratrol were the best acceptors (37-55% conversion). The position of prenylation was determined using NMR spectroscopy or annotated using MS2 fragmentation patterns, demonstrating that RePT mainly catalyzed mono-O-prenylation on the hydroxylated aromatic substrates. On L-tryptophan, a non-hydroxylated substrate, it preferentially catalyzed C7 prenylation with reverse N1 prenylation as a secondary reaction. Moreover, RePT also possessed substrate-dependent organic solvent tolerance in the presence of 20% (v/v) methanol or DMSO, where a significant conversion (> 90%) was maintained. Our study demonstrates the potential of RePT as a biocatalyst for the production of bioactive prenylated aromatic amino acids, stilbenes, and various phenolic compounds. KEY POINTS: • RePT catalyzes prenylation of diverse aromatic substrates. • RePT enables O-prenylation of phenolics, especially stilbenes. • The novel RePT remains active in 20% methanol or DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimvisuth Chunkrua
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai P Leschonski
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro A Gran-Scheuch
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J C Vreeke
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Li W, Yan X, Xia W, Zhao L, Pei J. Enzymatic properties and immobilization of a thermostable prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis for the production of prenylated naringenin. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107183. [PMID: 38340474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Prenyltransferases catalyze the synthesis of prenylated flavonoids, providing these with greater lipid solubility, biological activity, and availability. In this study, a thermostable prenyltransferase (AfPT) from Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. By optimizing induction conditions, the expression level of AfPT reached 39.3 mU/mL, which was approximately 200 % of that before optimization. Additionally, we determined the enzymatic properties of AfPT. Subsequently, AfPT was immobilized on carboxymethyl cellulose magnetic nanoparticles (CMN) at a maximum load of 0.6 mg/mg. Optimal activity of CMN-AfPT was achieved at pH 8.0 and 55 °C. Thermostability assays showed that the residual activity of CMN-AfPT was greater than 50 % after incubation at 55 °C for 4 h. Km and Vmax of CMN-AfPT for naringenin were 0.082 mM and 5.57 nmol/min/mg, respectively. The Kcat/Km ratio of CMN-AfPT was higher than that of AfPT. Residual prenyltransferase activity of CMN-AfPT remained higher than 70 % even after 30 days of storage. Further, CMN-AfPT retained 68 % of its original activity after 10 cycles of reuse. Compared with free AfPT, CMN-AfPT showed higher catalytic efficiency, thermostability, metal ion tolerance, substrate affinity, storage stability, and reusability. Our study presents a thermostable prenyltransferase and its immobilized form for the production of prenylated flavonoids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenli Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Miller ET, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Structural insights into the diverse prenylating capabilities of DMATS prenyltransferases. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:113-147. [PMID: 37929638 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 up to August 2023Prenyltransferases (PTs) are involved in the primary and the secondary metabolism of plants, bacteria, and fungi, and they are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of many clinically relevant natural products (NPs). The continued biochemical and structural characterization of the soluble dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS) PTs over the past two decades have revealed the significant promise that these enzymes hold as biocatalysts for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel drug leads. This is a comprehensive review of DMATSs describing the structure-function relationships that have shaped the mechanistic underpinnings of these enzymes, as well as the application of this knowledge to the engineering of DMATSs. We summarize the key findings and lessons learned from these studies over the past 14 years (2009-2023). In addition, we identify current gaps in our understanding of these fascinating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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10
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Yuan GY, Zhang JM, Xu QD, Zhang HR, Hu C, Zou Y. Biosynthesis of Cosmosporasides Reveals the Assembly Line for Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Saccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308887. [PMID: 37647109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining. A UbiA family intramembrane prenyltransferase (UbiA-type PT), a multifunctional cytochrome P450, an α,β-hydrolase, an acetyltransferase, a dimethylallyl transferase (DMAT-type PT) and a glycosyltransferase function cooperatively in the assembly of the scaffold of 1 using primary central metabolites. The absolute configuration at C4, C6 and C7 of 1 was also established. Our work clarifies the unexpected functions of UbiA-type and DMAT-type PTs and provides an example for understanding the synthetic logic of hybrid terpenoid saccharides in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Ran Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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Ran Q, Tao L, Zhou X, Li SM, Yuan CM, Yang S, Zhou K. Geranylation of Chalcones by a Fungal Aromatic Prenyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4675-4682. [PMID: 36893066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Geranylated chalcones mainly exist in plants, and many of them have attracted attention because of their diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Herein, we report geranylation of eight chalcones by the Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase AtaPT. Ten new mono-geranylated enzyme products (1G-5G, 6G1, 6G2, 7G, 8G1, and 8G2) were obtained. Most of the products are C-geranylated products with prenyl moieties at ring B. In comparison, plant aromatic prenyltransferases usually catalyze the geranylation at ring A. Therefore, AtaPT can be used complementarily for chalcone geranylation to increase the structural diversity of small molecules. In addition, seven compounds (1G, 3G, 4G, 6G1, 7G, 8G1, and 8G2) exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with the IC50 values ranging from 45.59 ± 3.48 to 82.85 ± 2.15 μg/mL. Among them, compound 7G (45.59 ± 3.48 μg/mL) was the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, which is about seven times stronger than the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 346.63 ± 15.65 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linlan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Hu D, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Yuan C, Gong C, Zhou Y, Xue W. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel chalcone derivatives containing indole. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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Shang C, Zhang Y, Sun C, Wang L. Tactfully improve the antioxidant activity of 2′-hydroxychalcone with the strategy of substituent, solvent and intramolecular hydrogen bond effects. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen BS, Zhang D, de Souza FZR, Liu L. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060368. [PMID: 35736171 PMCID: PMC9229328 DOI: 10.3390/md20060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Shuang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fayene Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza
- Centro Universitário Planalto do Distrito Federal, Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIPLAN), Campus Bauru 17014-350, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-014-32452580
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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