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Perveen S, Negi A, Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R. Identification of Chemical Scaffolds Targeting Drug-Resistant and Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis through High-Throughput Whole-Cell Screening. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:513-526. [PMID: 38238154 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Identification of structurally unique chemical entities targeting unexplored bacterial targets is a prerequisite to combat increasing drug resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study employed a whole-cell screening approach as an initial filter to scrutinize a 10,000-compound chemical library, resulting in the discovery of seven potent compounds with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 25 μM. These compounds were categorized into four distinct chemical groups. Remarkably, they demonstrated efficacy against drug-resistant and nonreplicating tuberculosis strains, highlighting their effectiveness across different infection states. With a favorable selectivity index (>10), these compounds showed a safe therapeutic range and exhibited potency in an intracellular model of Mtb infection, mimicking the in vivo setup. Combining these identified hits with established anti-TB drugs revealed additive effects with rifampicin, isoniazid, and bedaquiline. Notably, IIIM-IDD-01 exhibited synergy with isoniazid and bedaquiline, likely due to their complementary mechanisms of targeting Mtb. Most potent hits, IIIM-IDD-01 and IIIM-IDD-02, displayed time- and concentration-dependent killing of Mtb. Mechanistic insights were sought through SEM and docking studies, although comprehensive evaluation is ongoing to unravel the hits' specific targets and modes of action. The hits demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties (ADME-Tox) and showed a low risk of adverse effects, along with a predicted high level of oral bioavailability. These promising hits can serve as an initial basis for subsequent medicinal chemistry endeavors aimed at developing a new series of anti-TB agents. Moreover, the study affirms the significance of high-throughput in vitro assays for the TB drug discovery. It also emphasizes the necessity of targeting diverse TB strains to address the heterogeneity of tuberculosis bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Kumar P, Parashar M, Chauhan K, Chakraborty N, Sarkar S, Chandra A, Das NS, Chattopadhyay KK, Ghoari A, Adalder A, Ghorai UK, Saini S, Agarwal D, Ghosh S, Srivastava P, Banerjee D. Significant enhancement in the cold emission characteristics of chemically synthesized super-hydrophobic zinc oxide rods by nickel doping. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6944-6957. [PMID: 38059027 PMCID: PMC10696928 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The current article presents a huge enhancement in the field emission characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro/nanorods by nickel doping. The synthesis of pure and nickel-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) micro/nanorods was done by a simple low-temperature chemical method. Both the as-prepared pure and doped samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy to confirm the proper phase formation and the developed microstructure. UV-vis transmittance spectra helped in determining the band gap of the samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed the different bonds present in the sample, whereas X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of nickel in the doped sample. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that after doping, the band-to-band transition was affected, whereas defect-induced transition had increased significantly. After the nickel doping, contact angle measurement revealed a significant decrease in the sample's surface energy, leading to a remarkably high water contact angle (within the superhydrophobic region). Simulation through ANSYS suggested that the doped sample has the potential to function as an efficient cold emitter, which was also verified experimentally. The cold emission characteristics of the doped sample showed a significant improvement, with the turn-on field (corresponding to J = 1 μA cm-2) reduced from 5.34 to 2.84 V μm-1. The enhancement factor for the doped sample reached 3426, approximately 1.5 times higher compared to pure ZnO. Efforts have been made to explain the results, given the favorable band bending as well as the increased number of effective emission sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - M Parashar
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - K Chauhan
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - S Sarkar
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - A Chandra
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - N S Das
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Techno International Batanagar Maheshtala Kolkata 700141 India
| | - K K Chattopadhyay
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - A Ghoari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - A Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - U K Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - S Saini
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - D Agarwal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - P Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - D Banerjee
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
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Rajendran P, Saini S, Kumar N, Vashistha H, Thiruvengadam K, Ramamoorthy T, Gopalaswamy R, Kayesth J, Alavadi U, Moore M, Joshi RP, Ramachandran R, Anand S, Shanmugam S, Padmapriyadarsini C. Establishing proof of concept for utility of Trueprep ®-extracted DNA in line-probe assay testing. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:742-747. [PMID: 37749831 PMCID: PMC10519390 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With an increased demand for rapid, diagnostic tools for TB and drug resistance detection, Truenat® MTB-RIF assay has proven to be a rapid point of care molecular test. The present study aimed to establish a proof of concept of using Trueprep-extracted DNA for line-probe assay (LPA) testing.METHODS: A total of 150 sputum samples (MTB-positive at Truenat sites) were divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was used for DNA extraction using the Trueprep device and MTB testing. The second aliquot of the sample was subjected to GenoLyse® DNA extraction. DNA from both the Trueprep and GenoLyse methods was subjected to first-line (FL) and second-line (SL) LPA testing.RESULTS: Of 139 Trueprep-extracted DNA, respectively 135 (97%) and 105 (75%) had interpretable results by FL and SL-LPA testing. Of 128 GenoLyse-extracted DNA, all 128 (100%) had interpretable FL-LPA results and 114 (89%) had interpretable SL-LPA results.CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study indicate that Trueprep-extracted DNA can be used in obtaining valid LPA results. However, the study needs to be conducted on a larger sample size before our recommendations can be used for policy-making decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rajendran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
| | - S Saini
- Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), ICF Incorporated, Reston, VA, USA
| | - N Kumar
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi
| | - H Vashistha
- Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), ICF Incorporated, Reston, VA, USA
| | - K Thiruvengadam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
| | - T Ramamoorthy
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
| | - R Gopalaswamy
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
| | - J Kayesth
- Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), ICF Incorporated, Reston, VA, USA
| | | | - M Moore
- Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), ICF Incorporated, Reston, VA, USA
| | - R P Joshi
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi
| | - R Ramachandran
- World Health Organization India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Anand
- World Health Organization India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Shanmugam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
| | - C Padmapriyadarsini
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
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Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R. Harnessing host-pathogen interactions for innovative drug discovery and host-directed therapeutics to tackle tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127466. [PMID: 37531813 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. As an intracellular pathogen, Mtb has well adapted to the phagocytic host microenvironment, influencing diverse host processes such as gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and signaling pathways of the host to its advantage. These responses are the result of dynamic interactions of the bacteria with the host cell signaling pathways, whereby the bacteria attenuate the host cellular processes for their survival. Specific host genes and the mechanisms involved in the entry and subsequent stabilization of M. tuberculosis intracellularly have been identified in various genetic and chemical screens recently. The present understanding of the co-evolution of Mtb and macrophage system presented us the new possibilities for exploring host-directed therapeutics (HDT). Here, we discuss the host-pathogen interaction for Mtb, including the pathways adapted by Mtb to escape immunity. The review sheds light on different host-directed therapies (HDTs) such as repurposed drugs and vitamins, along with their targets such as granuloma, autophagy, extracellular matrix, lipids, and cytokines, among others. The article also examines the available clinical data on these drug molecules. In conclusion, the review presents a perspective on the current knowledge in the field of HDTs and the need for additional research to overcome the challenges associated HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Saini
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Boro H, Sharma H, Mittal D, Kaswan R, Saran D, Nagar N, Jakhar M, Goyal L, Saini S, Joshi V, Chugh S, Bundela V, Mannar V, Nagendra L, Agstam S. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA, THE GREAT MASQUERADER, PRESENTING AS REVERSIBLE CARDIOMYOPATHY: PRIMUM NON NOCERE. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2023; 19:370-375. [PMID: 38356978 PMCID: PMC10863964 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2023.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytoma, the great masquerader, can have a varied spectrum of clinical manifestations. It can often cause a diagnostic challenge despite the availability of modern investigation modalities. Case We present the case of a 38-year-old male who presented with uncontrolled hypertension for the past 10 years and heart failure for one year. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was missed in the initial setting, leading to a biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass. Fortunately, the patient survived the procedure. Subsequently, with the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team, he was optimized for surgery under strict cardiac monitoring. After the complete excision of the tumour, he showed significant improvement not only in his clinical symptoms but also in his cardiac status. Conclusions This case emphasizes the age-old medical phrase of 'Primum non nocere or first, do no harm'. Any invasive procedure in a pheochromocytoma can lead to a massive release of catecholamines causing a hypertensive crisis, pulmonary oedema, and even cardiac arrest. Any young patient presenting with hypertension or heart failure should be investigated for secondary causes. Cardiomyopathy due to pheochromocytoma is because of catecholamine overload and usually reverses or improves after curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Boro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - H. Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - D. Mittal
- Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - R.S. Kaswan
- Department of Urology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - D.P. Saran
- Department of Cardiology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - N. Nagar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - M.S. Jakhar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - L. Goyal
- Department of Oncology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - S. Saini
- Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - V. Joshi
- Department of Surgery, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - S. Chugh
- Department of Patholog,y Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - V. Bundela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, India
| | - V. Mannar
- Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Endocrinology unit, Department of Medicine, Puducherry, India
| | - L. Nagendra
- JSS Medical College, Department of Endocrinology, Mysuru, India
| | - S. Agstam
- VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Department of Cardiology, New Delhi, India
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Saini S, Kumar J, Kadyan MS. Performance Analysis of Continuous Casting System of Steel Industry. JRSS 2023. [DOI: 10.13052/jrss0974-8024.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The continuous casting system is the most important to solidify the liquid steel in the steel industry. Steel is the backbone of civilization and modernization. So, there is a need to optimize the performance of continuous casting system of steel industry. Continuous casting system has six subsystems: “Pouring turret ladle”, “Tundish”, “Mold”, “Water spray chamber”, “Support roller” and “Torch cutter”. Series configuration is used to arrange these subsystems. The subsystem “Pouring turret ladle” is having three similar units. These units are operating in parallel. The subsystems “Tundish”, “Mold”, “Water spray chamber” and “Support roller” have a single unit. The subsystem “Torch cutter” contains two identical units: one is operative and other keep in cold standby. For all subsystems, the distribution of repair rates and failure rates of continuous casting system are taken as arbitrary distributions. Analysis of continuous casting system has been done by using supplementary variable technique. The numerical results of reliability measure of continuous casting system in terms of availability and profit have been computed by assuming exponential, Rayleigh and Weibull distributions.
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Panagides J, Achuck E, Hancel K, Sheridan R, Kalva S, Schenker M, Saini S, Glazer D, Khorasani R, Daye D. Abstract No. 259 Initial Experience with IR-PEER: A Novel Platform for Peer Learning and Complication Reporting in Interventional Radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Purohit D, Jalwal P, Manchanda D, Saini S, Verma R, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar M, Bhattacharya T, Rahman MH, Dutt R, Pandey P. Nanocapsules: An Emerging Drug Delivery System. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2023; 17:190-207. [PMID: 35142273 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220210113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled drug release and site-specific delivery of drugs make nanocapsules the most approbative drug delivery system for various kinds of drugs, bioactive, protein, and peptide compounds. Nanocapsules (NCs) are spherical shape microscopic shells consisting of a core (solid or liquid) in which the drug is positioned in a cavity enclosed by a distinctive polymeric membrane. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the present patent study is to elaborate on various formulation techniques and methods of nanocapsules (NCs). The review also spotlights various biomedical applications as well as on the patents of NCs to date. METHODS The review was extracted from the searches performed using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, Google Scholars, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of NCs, some published patents of NCs have also been reported in the review. RESULTS NCs are tiny magical shells having incredible reproducibility. Various techniques can be used to formulate NCs. The pharmaceutical performance of the formulated NCs can be judged by evaluating their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, etc., using different analytical techniques. Their main applications are found in the field of agrochemicals, genetic manipulation, cosmetics, hygiene items, strategic distribution of drugs to tumors, nanocapsule bandages to combat infection, and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION In the present review, our team made a deliberate effort to summarize the recent advances in the field of NCs and focus on new patents related to the implementation of NCs delivery systems in the area of some life-threatening disorders like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Pawan Jalwal
- Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deeksha Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- PDM School of Pharmacy, Karsindhu, Jind, 126102, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation and Industry (i-cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur, 313003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, India
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Purohit D, Sharma S, Lamba AK, Saini S, Minocha N, Vashist N, Kaushik D, Pandey P. Nanocrystals: A Deep Insight into Formulation Aspects, Stabilization Strategies, and Biomedical Applications. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2023; 17:307-326. [PMID: 35616680 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220523120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs with poor solubility exhibit hurdles in their formulation due to poor dissolution and low bioavailability. Nanocrystallization is a great technique for incorporating poorly soluble drugs and is associated with many benefits. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present review is to discuss formulation techniques for the generation of Nanocrystals (NCs) and illustrate the various advantages of NCs. It also explains commonly used stabilizers and guidelines for their safe use for enhancing NCs and provides a deep insight into various biomedical applications of NCs. METHODS The review was extracted from the study carried out in the general literature to emphasize the importance of NCs in various formulations. RESULTS NCs are a widely accepted approach to enhancing drug solubility. There are so many marketed products of nanocrystal drug formulations that are being used to treat life-threatening disorders. Two techniques can be used to formulate NCs, i.e., the bottom-up method and the top-down method. Their main biomedical applications are found in oral, parenteral, pulmonary, ocular, dermal, and mucosal formulations. CONCLUSION In the present review, different formulation methods of NCs have been discussed in detail, followed by explaining the advantages and various targeted drug delivery systems covered by NCs formulations. The development of NCs-based formulation avoids the limitations of other systems used for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, Haryana, India
| | - Shivkant Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, Haryana, India
| | - Avneet Kaur Lamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- PDM School of Pharmacy, Karsindhu, Safidon, Jind, 126102, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Minocha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Vashist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, Haryana, India
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, Haryana, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, Haryana, India
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Maurer M, Casale T, Saini S, Ben-Shoshan M, Radin A, Akinlade B, Laws E, Mannent L. DUPILUMAB EFFICACY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA BY IGE LEVEL: LIBERTY-CSU CUPID STUDY A. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Saini S. Laparoscopic Pectopexy: A Safe and Effective New Approach for Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khanna S, Chichester K, Makiya M, Khoury P, Klion A, Saini S, Oliver E. INCREASED EOSINOPHIL GRANULE PROTEIN PRODUCTION IN CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Choquet H, Yin J, Kim Y, Hoffmann T, Saini S, Shringarpure S, Team, Jorgenson E, Asgari M. 501 Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in multiethnic cohorts identify risk loci associated with hidradenitis suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jena B, Bajish CC, Turner J, Ravichandran M, Kshitija S, Anilkumar N, Singh AK, Pradhan PK, Ray Y, Saini S. Mechanisms associated with the rapid decline in sea ice cover around a stranded ship in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153379. [PMID: 35085627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the satellite data era starting from 1979, the extent of Antarctic sea ice increased moderately for the first 37 years. However, the extent decreased to record low levels from 2016 to 2020, with the drop being greatest in the Weddell and Lazarev Seas of the Southern Ocean. An important question for the scientific fraternity and policymakers is to understand what ocean-atmospheric processes triggered such a rapid decline in sea ice. We employ in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis data to examine the causative mechanism of anomalous sea ice variability in the Lazarev Sea at a time of ice growth in the annual cycle (March-April 2019), when a cargo ship was stuck in extensive ice cover and freed following the unusual decline in sea ice. High-resolution Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar captured a distinct view of the ship location and track within extensive ice cover of fast sea ice, dense pack ice, and icebergs in the Lazarev Sea on 27 March 2019. Subsequently, the sea ice cover declined and reached the fourth lowest extent in the entire satellite record during April 2019 which was 25.6% lower than the long-term mean value of 2.65 × 106 km2. We show that the anomalous sea ice variability was due to the occurrence of eastward-moving polar cyclones, including a quasi-stationary explosive development that impacted sea ice through extreme changes in ocean-atmospheric conditions. The cyclone-induced dynamic (poleward propagation of ocean waves and ice motion) and thermodynamic (heat and moisture plumes from midlatitudes, ocean mixed layer warming) processes coupled with high tides provided a conducive environment for an exceptional decline in sea ice over the region of ship movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jena
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India.
| | - C C Bajish
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - J Turner
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ravichandran
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Kshitija
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - N Anilkumar
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - A K Singh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - P K Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Y Ray
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Saini
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
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15
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Sharma D, Sharma S, Gupta A, Subramani V, Saini S, Haresh K, Pandey R. PO-1561 Low Dose Radiation Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Risk of Cancer with AP-PA fields and IMRT. Radiother Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9153900 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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16
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Divyaveer S, Dasgupta S, Ray Chaudhury A, Banerjee A, Banerjee S, Das Bhattacharya T, Bagur V, Dubey U, Bhattacharjee K, Saini S, Abraham A, Pandey R. POS-120 ROLE OF STEROIDS IN IGA NEPHROPATHY AND ITS CORRELATION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Verma VN, Ghai S, Ansari S, Saini S, Thakur A, Kumar A, Kumar S, Malakar D. 158 Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSC) used for the prevention of metritis in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:317. [PMID: 35231366 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V N Verma
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Ghai
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Ansari
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Thakur
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - D Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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18
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Ghai S, Verma VN, Ansari S, Saini S, Thakur A, Kumar A, Kumar S, Malakar D. 157 Mesenchymal stem cells as a regenerative therapy for the prevention of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:316-317. [PMID: 35231365 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghai
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - V N Verma
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Ansari
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Thakur
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - D Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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19
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Saini S, Gupta S. 7 Golden Steps of Surgery for Endometriosis – a Simplified Approach to Difficult Cases of Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Singha H, Vorimore F, Saini S, Deshayes T, Saqib M, Tripathi BN, Laroucau K. Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia mallei isolates from India (2015-2016): New SNP markers for strain tracing. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 95:105059. [PMID: 34478841 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glanders, caused by a bacterium called B. mallei, is primarily an infectious horse and human disease. Although its incidence is rare in developed countries, it is nonetheless prevalent in several geographical areas of the world. There is a lack of cost-effective, rapid and specific molecular typing tools for epidemiological tracing of glanders cases. We previously reported an SNP-based typing method that categorizes global B. mallei strains into three lineages (L1 to L3), as well as additional branches, sub-branches and groups. However, further discrimination of the Indian and Pakistani isolates within the L2B2sB2 sub-branch was not possible due to the lack of sufficient epidemiological markers. In this study, 10 B. mallei strains isolated from four states in India during 2015-2016 were whole genome sequenced; SNP analysis further confirmed their position in the L2B2sB2 branch. To better track the strains, four new markers targeting Indian or Pakistani strains, and specifically targeting sub-groups within the Indian strains, were identified. The new SNP markers were tested and validated on the 10 Indian isolates included in this study as well as on 6 contemporary B. mallei Pakistani strains. These rapid and discriminating typing tools will contribute to the epidemiological monitoring of B. mallei infections, particularly in South Asia and the Middle East, endemic regions of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Singha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - F Vorimore
- Paris-Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory for Equine Diseases/Glanders, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Saini
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - T Deshayes
- Paris-Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory for Equine Diseases/Glanders, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - B N Tripathi
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - K Laroucau
- Paris-Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory for Equine Diseases/Glanders, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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21
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Zattra O, Fraga A, Lu N, Gee M, Liu R, Lev M, Brink J, Saini S, Lang M, Succi M. 1607P Trends in cancer imaging by indication, care setting, and hospital type during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery. Ann Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8454321 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Saini S, Choudhary M, Garg A. Investigation of nootropic potential of ethanol extract of Elettaria cardamomum Maton fruit (Cardamom): a spice of India. Clin Phytosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment mainly affects learning and problem solving abilities of the person. Traditional medicines, due to fewer side effects, more efficacy and lesser cost are still the choice of treatment in India. The main objective of the present study is to explore the nootropic potential of ethanol extract of Elettaria cardamomum Maton fruits. The present study was conducted by using exteroceptive behavioral models like elevated plus maze, passive avoidance apparatus and object recognition task at doses 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg.
Results
Ethanol extract of E. cardamomum fruits significantly decreased transfer latency and increased step down latency and discrimination index respectively when compared to normal control groups. Piracetam and diazepam exhibited respective rise and fall in memory of the animals. The effect of plant extract on total serum cholesterol, acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde were more effective at two higher doses. However, it decreased serum glucose levels insignificantly whereas a significant rise in brain GSH levels was observed with increasing dose of the extract.
Conclusions
The study concludes that the nootropic effect of ethanol extract may be attributable to its anti-oxidant, anti-cholinesterase and cholesterol as well as glucose lowering potential.
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23
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Saini S, Bhat RA. Immunohistological localisation of growth factors in stroma and interstitial gland tissue of goat (Capra hircus) ovary. BJVM 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factors platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) have been demonstrated to stimulate the in vitro proliferation of theca and granulosa cells in different animals. The present study was conducted to localise the growth factors PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β in different types of interstitial cells and stromal cells of normal cycling goat ovaries. Tissue fixed in formalin was processed through a graded series of alcohols and embedded in paraffin wax. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β. The binding affinity of interstitial cells and stromal cells were observed and photographed. The staining pattern of PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β was mild to strong in stromal cells. The primary and secondary interstitial cells exhibited varied staining patterns for all studied growth factors. These findings in goat suggests that PDGF, TGF-α, TGF-β were potentially an important autocrine regulator of different cell functions and possibly a paracrine regulator of ovarian cell function at various development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saini
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - R. A. Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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24
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Singh R, Bhaskar V, Saini S, Kumar A, Thakur A, Kumar S, Malakar D. 143 Therapeutic efficacy and safety of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating mastitis and metritis in dairy cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv33n2ab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis and metritis are two inflammatory diseases with high economic impact on dairy industry and farmers are losing revenues. Antibiotic treatment for these disease conditions typically achieve suboptimal outcomes. Moreover, emerging antibiotic resistance in mastitis and metritis worldwide has a severe effect on productivity, fertility, and lifespan of animals. A paradigm shift in treatment strategies is much needed for these animals. Attracting properties of mesenchymal stem cells may act as an alternative strategy for treating these diseases. In addition to their ability to differentiate into multiple types of cells, mesenchymal stem cells can orchestrate immune responses and modulate tissue microenvironments. In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC) for mastitis and metritis. A well-characterised adipose-derived stem cell line with 3–5 passages cells were used for treatment for these diseases. In a safety trial, mastitis- and metritis-infected cattle were administered with 1×106 cells of AT-MSC through different routes (local, IV, IV+local). Animals were clinically evaluated during 15 days of the experimental period and blood samples were collected for hemogram determination. The efficacy was checked under both invivo and invitro conditions. Invitro efficiency of AT-MSC was determined using a transwell plate experiment, in which AT-MSC were co-cultured with bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus). Invivo efficiency was evaluated by administration of in 2mL (1×106 cells) of AT-MSC dose; then, somatic cell count (SCC) in milk of mastitic cattle and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count in cervical vaginal fluid (CVF) of metritic cattle were determined. Gene expression profiling of antimicrobial (cathelicidin, lipocalin, cystatin) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) peptides were quantified in all groups: IV, local, IV+local, and control ATB (antibiotic). Allogenic AT-MSC did not induce any immunological rejection response in treated animals. A significant reduction of bacteria in CVF invitro when co-cultured with AT-MSC was observed. The PMN count was significantly reduced in CVF of the IV+local group. The SCC in milk of mastitic animals was decreased in the local (intramammary) group. Maximum expression of IL-6, IL-10, cathelicidin, lipocalin, and cystatin and angiopoietin genes were observed on Day 3 followed by Day 7 in the local group in case of mastitis. In metritis, expression of IL-6, IL-10, cathelicidin, lipocalin, cystatin, and angiopoietin were observed at Day 3 in the IV+local group. All mastitic and metritic cattle were completely and permanently cured within 30 days after treatment with mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, we provide initial evidence for the use of allogenic AT-MSC and their safety and efficacy to treat mastitis and metritis in dairy cattle.
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25
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Kabra V, Aggarwal R, Vardhan S, Singh M, Khandelwal R, Jain S, Sahani S, Saini S, Deo N, Kaul R, Parikh PM, Aggarwal S. Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of sentinel lymph node issues in early breast cancer. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:132-136. [PMID: 29721480 PMCID: PMC5909291 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_120_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Axillary lymph node involvement is a very important poor prognostic factor in the clinical staging and management of breast cancer patients. Traditionally, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been used for determining the status of the axillary lymph nodes. More recently the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedure has gained wider acceptance as the standard of care, having the advantage of being less invasivewhile providing good accuracy. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of the two different procedures and other issues in patients with early breast cancer for the benefit of community oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Kabra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - S Vardhan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mool Chand Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Khandelwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, W Pratiksha Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, DMCH Cancer Care Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Sahani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Saini
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jolly Grant Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amit Jaggi Memorial Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Kaul
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P M Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Saini S, Dhiman A, Nanda S. Immunomodulatory Properties of Chitosan: Impact on Wound Healing and Tissue Repair. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1611-1623. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200503054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Chitosan, a natural polymer from shelled crustaceans, has been employed in an
array of biomedical applications as it possesses a combination of fascinating attributes such as biocompatibility,
biodegradability, non-toxicity and ease of chemical alteration into different active derivatives.
The ability of chitosan to be tailored into different shapes has made it a very popular polymer
for designing novel drug delivery systems for topical, transdermal and gene delivery. Recently, the
multifunctional and immunomodulatory properties of chitosan have attracted a lot of attention. Since
there are many patents and publications on medicated scaffolds, films and other topical dressings containing
chitosan, an effort has been made to collate and synchronize the immunomodulatory properties
of chitosan with its wound healing potential.
Methods:
Literature and patent search was done using major search engines and websites. Based on
the studies conducted by various research groups, the information was classified into important subheadings.
Results:
Most of the studies suggested that due to remarkable immuno-stimulatory activities, chitosan
stimulates the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and hence promotes
and supports every phase of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell migration, proliferation,
tissue repair and cell regeneration.
Conclusion:
An understanding of the immunomodulatory activities of chitosan can help the researchers
and formulation scientists to use this natural polymer and its derivatives to design controlled release,
medicated, self–decomposable, environment-friendly scaffolds for better patient compliance and
promising wound-healing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
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Saini S, Agrawal S, Stockford B, Bruce R, Amin R, Shaikh S, Katato G, Pansare M. P406 SURVEY EXPLORING BARRIERS TO ALLERGY CLINIC VISITS IN AN URBAN PEDIATRIC SUBSPECIALTY CENTER. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Nayak B, Saini S, Singh P, Nayyar R, Seth A. Cutaneous ureterostomy or ileal conduit urinary diversion: Can we spare the bowel following radical cystectomy in patients with solitary functioning kidney? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)36252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have provided affordable but errorful ways to generate raw genetic data. To extract variant information from billions of NGS reads is still a daunting task which involves various hand-crafted and parameterized statistical tools. Here we propose a deep neural networks (DNN) based alignment and single nucleotide variant (SNV) identifier tool known as DAVI: deep alignment and variant identification. DAVI consists of models for both global and local alignment and for variant calling. We have evaluated the performance of DAVI against existing state-of-the-art tool sets and found that its accuracy and performance is comparable to existing tools used for bench-marking. We further demonstrate that while existing tools are based on data generated from a specific sequencing technology, the models proposed in DAVI are generic and can be used across different NGS technologies as well as across different species. The use of DAVI will therefore help non-human sequencing projects to benefit from the wealth of human ground truth data. Moreover, this approach is a migration from expert-driven statistical models to generic, automated, self-learning models.
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30
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Ng E, Saini S, Schulze KA, Horst J, Le T, Habelitz S. Shear Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Artificial Dentinal Caries. Pediatr Dent 2020; 42:221-225. [PMID: 32522327 PMCID: PMC8376221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to artificial carious dentin with and without silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment. Methods: Permanent molars were sectioned and demineralized to create artificial carious lesions. In five groups, the demineralization of dentin, application of SDF, use of conditioner, and elapsed time between the placement of SDF and restoration were tested for differences in SBS using an UltraTester machine. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: The highest bond strength was found when GIC was placed on conditioned and demineralized dentin treated with SDF one week earlier. Treatment with SDF and use of conditioner did not statistically affect the SBS of GIC to demineralized dentin. Statistically significant increases in bond strength were found when one week elapsed between SDF application and GIC placement. The lowest bond strength was found with immediate GIC application onto SDF-treated demineralized dentin. Conclusions: These in vitro findings suggest that silver diamine fluoride treatment does not significantly affect the bond strength of glass ionomer cement to dentin lesions, and improved retention is obtained by allowing SDF solution to set for one week prior to GIC placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ng
- Dr. Ng is a pediatric dentist in private practice, Santa Clara, Calif., USA
| | - Sapna Saini
- Dr. Saini is a pediatric dental resident, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - Karen A Schulze
- Dr. Schulze is an associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, and director, Clinical Research, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco
| | - Jeremy Horst
- Dr. Horst is a pediatric dentist in private practice, Windsor, Calif., USA
| | - Thuan Le
- Dr. Le is an associate professor, Division of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Dr. Stefan Habelitz is a professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA;,
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Ansari S, Jamwal S, Saini S, Singh R, Malakar D. 84 Folate-methionine cycle and folate transport in developing buffalo embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periconceptional folic acid is known to have a major role in the prevention of neural tube defects, leading to global recommendations for folic acid supplementation before and in early pregnancy. Maternal folate throughout pregnancy may have other roles in offspring health, including neurodevelopment and cognitive performance in childhood. Folate and folic acid (vitamin B9) act as a co-enzyme essential for single carbon metabolism, a network of pathways involved in several biological processes including nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, and methylation reactions. In general, rapidly growing and multiplying cells require an adequate supply of folate. A primary deficiency of natural folate resulting in an increase of the total homocysteine concentration may be detrimental to the quality of the oocyte, subsequent fertilisation, embryogenesis, implantation, and fetal development. However, to date, folate-methionine metabolism and folate transport have not been studied in developing buffalo embryos. The present study details transcript expression for genes encoding key enzymes in the linked folate-methionine cycles in the ovary tissue, cumulus cells, immature oocytes, IVM oocytes, and pre-implantation embryos and also estimates the folate concentration in follicular fluid (FF) of buffalo. The FF was pooled and collected by aspiration of different sizes of surface follicles (2-8mm diameter). The total number of analysed samples was three, with different dilutions and estimation of folate in FF of buffalo done by chemiluminescence assay. Total RNA was extracted from oocytes, cumulus cells, ovarian tissue, and embryos produced from IVF. RT-PCR was performed to analyse the expression of folate-methionine cycle enzymes and folate transporters. Transcripts for all the enzymes of the folate-methionine cycle (i.e. SHMT, MTR, MTRR, MAT1A, MAT2B, GNMT, AHCY, CBS, and DHFR) and folate transporters (FOLR1, FOLR2) and reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1) were expressed in ovarian tissue, cumulus cells, oocytes, and pre-implantation embryos. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed FOLR2 and SLC19A1 protein expression on the plasma membrane and/or cytoplasm of the oocytes and embryos, and FOLR1 in the nucleus of pre-implantation embryos. The folate concentration in FF was 24ngmL−1. This is the first report to examine the concentration of folate in FF and revealed the identification of transcripts in different samples of buffalo species. The presence of these enzymes could have a profound effect on single-carbon metabolism within the ovary and pre-implantation embryo, therefore indicating that folate from FF is being disseminated through folate receptors within oocytes and embryos to participate in the folate pathway. This study advocates the necessity for examination of the result of folate supplementation throughout invitro embryo production for improving the quality and quantity of transferable blastocysts and subsequently live calf births in buffalo.
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Singh R, Saini S, Ansari S, Jamwal S, Malakar D. 220 Exploring the use of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of mastitis and metritis in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue of cattle (Bos indicus), characterise them, and apply them for the treatment of mastitis and metritis in the cow. Cattle MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue near the loin region of cow. Isolated adipose tissue was subjected to enzymatic digestion using 2% collagenase with agitation at regular intervals. The cells obtained after digestion were resuspended in cell culture flasks containing growth enriched medium and cultured under standard culture conditions. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used as one of the parameters to confirm cultured putative MSCs. Bovine Ad-MSCs were further characterised using real time-PCR by amplification of MSC-specific markers: CD73, CD90, and CD105 as positive markers and CD34, CD45, and CD79a as negative markers. Immunocytochemistry showed the presence of CD73, CD90, and CD105 on the cell surface. Three groups-control (C), local (L), and intravenous (IV)-with 6 cows suffering from mastitis were taken in each group and subjected to MSC transplantation through local and intravenous routes. Control group animals were subjected to antibiotic treatment only. Similarly, another three groups were taken with 6 cows in each group suffering from metritis. Post-transplantation wound healing, tissue repair, and reduction in inflammation were monitored for 26 days, at different time intervals; that is, after Days 1, 3, 7, and 15. Blood samples were also collected from animals at the same time intervals for real time-PCR. A similar examination was also done in metritis groups along with the analysis of the reduction in turbidity of cervical fluid at the abovementioned time intervals. Real time-PCR was performed to determine relative expression of genes for proliferative factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides on cells isolated from blood collected at different time intervals. Gene expression in the local group of mastitis subjected to MSC injection was significantly higher than that of the IV and control group. The somatic cell count declined in both local and IV groups compared with the control group. Whereas the expression of the same genes in the IV group of metritis was significantly higher than that of the local and control groups of cows. The turbidity of cervical fluid and mucus was reduced in the IV group compared with the local group. In conclusion, we demonstrated the healing potential of MSCs in a cow model via MSC injection. Promising results were obtained in curing mastitis in both local and IV groups, whereas healing in the case of metritis was significantly higher in the IV group compared with both the control and local groups of cows. The study indicates the potential use of MSc for treatment of mastitis and metritis in cattle through wound healing and decreasing microbial infection.
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Saini S. 1655 Laparoscopic Unification of Non Communicating Horn with Hemi-Uterus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang J, Saini S, Seth D, Poowuttikul P, Secord E. M290 ABNORMAL T-CELL EXCISION CIRCLES NEWBORN SCREENING TEST IN AN INFANT FOLLOWING EXCHANGE TRANSFUSIONS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Batra R, Sadhasivam S, Saini S, Gupta S, Jain S, Secci A, Ghosh S. 608 A clinical study to test the efficacy of VB1953 in clindamycin non-responder acne patients with antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Saini S, Kanwar J, Gupta S, Behari S, Bhatia E, Yadav S. Long-term outcome of trans-sphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease in Indian patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019; 161:119-127. [PMID: 30465277 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS) in Cushing's disease (CD) vary widely depending upon patient characteristics as well as surgical experience. Patients in India are often referred late to referral centers. We studied the rates of remission and endocrine deficiencies after TSS in patients with CD presenting to a referral hospital in India. METHODS Sixty consecutive patients (45 females, median age 24.5 years) who underwent TSS between 2000 and 2015 were studied. The median (range) duration of follow-up was 40 (3-138) months. Initial and long-term remission and relapse rates and pituitary hypofunction post-TSS were evaluated. RESULTS Eighteen (30%) patients harbored macroadenomas. Twenty-eight (47%) patients achieved remission in the immediate post-operative period (8 AM serum cortisol < 140 nmol/l), while a higher remission rate was noted at 6 months (39/54 patients, 72%). At 1 year 70% patients and at final follow-up [median duration 40 (range 3-138) months], 58% of patients were in remission. No pre- or post-surgical variables were consistently associated with remission, except for the 8-AM serum cortisol level on the fifth day after surgery. Seven (18%) patients relapsed on follow-up, including five patients who had fifth post-operative day 8 AM serum cortisol < 140 nmol/l. Twelve (25%) patients newly developed hypothyroidism and one (1.6%) patient developed amenorrhoea after TSS. CONCLUSION Remission rate at 6 months was higher than immediately after TSS. A significant proportion of patients relapsed, thus necessitating life-long follow-up. New-onset hypothyroidism was frequent after TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saini
- Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - J Kanwar
- Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - S Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - E Bhatia
- Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Subhash Yadav
- Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Kaur C, Pal I, Saini S, Jacob T, Nag T, Thakar A, Bhardwaj D, Roy T. Comparison of unbiased stereological estimation of total number of cresyl violet stained neurons and parvalbumin positive neurons in the adult human spiral ganglion. J Chem Neuroanat 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saini S. To Demonstrate Method of Laparoscopic Creation of Neo Vagina by Peritoneal Pull Through Technique in Case of MRKH. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Sinha M, Sadhasivam S, Bhattacharyya A, Samanta R, Nandy A, Saini S, Mishra M, Sengupta S. 1108 Preclinical evaluation of a novel fluoroquinolone for its multi-dimensional therapeutic effects against drug-resistant Propionibacterium acnes induced acne. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Choudhury D, Saini S. Cross-regulation among arabinose, xylose and rhamnose utilization systems inE. coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:132-137. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Mumbai India
| | - S. Saini
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Mumbai India
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Bajwa KK, Sharma V, Saini S, Kumar A, Thakur A, De S, Kumar S, Malakar D. 179 Xenogeneic and Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Tibial Bone Fracture in Mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are best suited for therapeutic purposes because of their immunomodulatory properties, ability to be isolated from adult animal at any stage, ease of propagation in the laboratory, and so on. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterise MSC from adipose tissue of mouse (Mus musculus), and to test their application for the treatment of fractured tibia bone in mouse. Cattle and buffalo MSC, already cultured and characterised in our laboratory, were used in the present study as xenogeneic MSC to observe the healing in mouse model. Murine Ad-MSC were isolated from mouse inguinal fat pad by enzymatic digestion method and cultured in growth enriching medium in standard culture conditions. To test the therapeutic potential of MSC, 24 mice were divided into 4 groups: control (C), allogeneic (A), cattle xenogeneic (CX), and buffalo xenogeneic (BX) with 6 mice (having tibial bone mechanical fractured) in each group, and had the corresponding MSC cells injected in the fracture area. The control group was not subjected to any kind of MSC treatment. Post-treatment, healing in all groups was examined for 36 days at different intervals (Days 1, 12, 24, and 36) via digital X-ray imaging. A bone healing score was assigned to each mouse per the protocol provided by RUST (Radiographic Union Scale in Tibial bone) fractures. The results of present study showed that murine Ad-MSC were positive for MSC-specific markers CD44, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD34 and CD45 via RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. The Ad-MSC were also positive for the alkaline phosphatase staining. Statistical analysis, using Proc GLM (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), revealed that the bone healing was significantly different (P < 0.01) between group C (1.708 ± 0.059) and other groups [group A (2.125 ± 0.061), CX (2.167 ± 0.068), BX (2.250 ± 0.068)], suggesting that healing was greater in groups transplanted with MSC compared with control. However, healing between groups transplanted with MSC (A, CX, and BX) was not significantly different (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we have observed the healing potential of MSC in mouse model via allogeneic and xenogeneic MSC transplantation; the healing potential among the A, CX, and BX MSC groups was similar.
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Saini S, Sharma V, Kumar A, Thakur A, Bajwa KK, Malakar D. 170 Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes and Folate Cycle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (vitamin B9) is the principal component of one-carbon (C1) metabolism in mammalian cells. It acts as a coenzyme in C1 unit transfer during nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, it is unquestionably essential for the formation of thymidylate (TMP) for DNA synthesis and methylation, which is in turn crucial for post-implantation embryonic brain and nerve chord development. However, the role of folic acid in maturation of oocytes and subsequent blastocyst production is largely ambiguous in different mammalian species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of folic acid supplementation on expression of oocyte maturation markers and folate cycle enzymes in cumulus cells in addition to blastocyst development rate in goat. Immature oocytes were isolated from ovaries, and 1600 oocytes were matured in maturation medium (medium-199) supplemented with 0 (control), 50, 100, or 150 µM folic acid (Sigma Aldrich, India), comprising total 400 oocytes in each group in 5 replicates. The oocytes were in vitro fertilized and embryos were cultured for 7 days. Blastocyst rate was calculated in all 4 groups. Cumulus cells from matured oocytes from each group were analysed for the differential expression of oocyte maturation markers: PTX3, PTGS2, CTSB, and CTSS, and folate cycle enzyme transcripts MTR, MAT2A, ACHY, DHFR, and SLC19A1, by qRT-PCR. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used. The results of present study show that blastocyst rate was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) at 50 µM folic acid (21.4 ± 1.2%) compared with control (13.6 ± 0.4%), 100 µM (10.4 ± 0.34%), and 150 µM (7.4 ± 0.54%). However, there was no effect on the number of cleaved embryos among control (72 ± 0.21%), 50 µM (70.6 ± 0.58%), 100 µM (73.75 ± 0.31%), and 150 µM (73.02 ± 0.04%). The expression of the oocyte maturation markers PTX3 and PTGS2 was up-regulated, whereas that of CTSS and CTSSB was down-regulated (P ≤ 0.05), in the 50 µM group, but did not change (P ≤ 0.05) among the other groups. The expression of these genes did not change significantly among the other groups. The expression of genes of the folate cycle, MTR, MAT2A, ACHY, and DHFR, increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 5.7-, 3.6-, 2.2-, and 1.7-fold, respectively, at 50 µM, but did not change (P ≤ 0.05) among the other groups. The expression of SLC19A1 did not change significantly among all the groups. The results of present study show that the supplementation of 50 µM folic acid to the maturation medium results in increased maturation of oocytes, making them more competent for the blastocyst development. Up-regulation of transcripts of folate cycle enzymes at 50 µM might explain the increase in the blastocyst production rate, which further needs to be validated.
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Sharma V, Saini S, Aneja B, Kumar A, Thakur A, Bajwa KK, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Malakar D. 180 Increasing GfrA1-Positive Spermatogonial Stem Cell Population of Goat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) form the basis of spermatogenesis and continuous fertility in male. Their meagre population in the testis is a hindrance in the in vitro study of biological activity of these cells. The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterise goat SSC and increase their number during in vitro culture by different methods. Two goat testes (3 to 4 months of age) were collected from the slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory. The testes were washed and seminiferous tubules were collected and minced in the laminar flow hood. The seminiferous tubules were washed twice with PBS to remove spermatozoa and subjected to double enzymatic digestion (collagenase, 1 mg mL−1, hyaluronidase, 1 mg mL−1, trypsin, 0.05%, and DNaseI, 10 µg mL−1 for 45 min and second digestion with same set of enzymes except trypsin for 30 min). The isolated cells were filtered sequentially through nylon mesh filters of pore size 70 and 40 µm. The cells were plated on DSA-lectin coated dishes for 4 h and the unattached cells were cultured on a Sertoli cell feeder layer prepared by treating with mitomycin-C for 3 h. The cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 supplemented with human recombinant growth factors (glial cell-derived neurotrpic factor, 10 ng mL−1, fibroblast growth factor FGF, 10 ng mL−1, epidermal growth factor, 20 ng mL−1), 10% fetal bovine serum, and antibiotics. The expression of pluripotency markers (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) and SSC-specific markers (Thy1, GfrA1, and Uchl1) in the SSC colonies was determined by RT-PCR and immunostaining, after in vitro culture of 3 weeks. The SSC population was enhanced by differential plating, Percoll density gradient (on Day 1) and SSC passaging (by passaging SSC colonies on Day 20). The cells were tagged with GfrA1 antibody and their population was tested by flow cytometry. The SSC colonies started appearing after 7 days and continued to grow in size and number until 3 weeks. The SSC colonies were positive for the pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 by RT-PCR and immunostaining. The SSC were also positive for the SSC-specific markers Thy1, GfrA1, and Uchl1 by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Flow cytometry showed that the GfrA1-positive population in the SSC enriched by the differential plating was 11.23%, Percoll density gradient was 23.57%, and by passaging of SSC colonies, after picking and trypsinising with 0.05% trypsin, was 91.23%. In vitro culture of the SSC enriched by these methods also revealed that the number of SSC colonies appearing in the cells enriched by passaging was higher than the other methods. From the results of present study, we conclude that SSC are positive for markers of pluripotency and SSC-specific markers. The SSC population can be enhanced to a very high level following SSC passaging, which is an inexpensive method and does not require expensive instruments like fluorescence- or magnetic-activated cell sorting.
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Dhiman B, Divtrannum, Dhiman A, Saini S. An Appraisal on Various Methods of Nano Particulate Formulations. Pharm Nanotechnol 2017; 5:255-262. [PMID: 29119943 DOI: 10.2174/2211738505666171108143805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology has immense significance in the field of medicine, agriculture, business, public health sector due to wide applicability of the nano products. Basically, nanotechnology is the incorporation of nanoscale structures into larger material components to improve the properties of constructed system. METHOD Nanotechnology serves as an alternative drug delivery system to the liposomes drug delivery system as the stability of the product in biological fluids is the main problem associated with the liposomal drug delivery system. In the present review, nanoparticles, their applications, various techniques of preparation of nanoparticles and research update on nano particulate drug delivery system have been discussed. RESULTS The main complication associated with biodegradable polymer is uncertainty in their absorption pathway in gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes, harmful by-products after metabolism are released. However, the polymeric nanoparticles (synthetic or semi-synthetic) have a defined structure therefore; get absorbed in intact form in gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION Nano-particulate drug delivery system using natural/synthetic polymer may enhance the therapeutic activity of some anti-cancer drug by increasing the host's immune mechanism and antitumor role through improving the body's immune function. It has been observed that despite the technological challenges, nanoparticulate drug delivery system is the most promising drug delivery system in case of anticancer drugs because polymer based nanostructures enhance the bio-adhesiveness and as well as local accumulation of chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Dhiman
- Ganapati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur Yamunanagar-135102, Haryana, India
| | - Divtrannum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak -124001, Haryana, India
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Demircik F, Sachsenheimer D, Pfützner A, Lier A, Mills D, Malecha M, Saini S, Pfützner A. Pilotstudie zum Einsatz des dualen Messgeräts KEYA Smart bei Patienten mit hohem Ketoazidoserisiko in der Praxis. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Demircik
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - A Lier
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | - D Mills
- Inside Biometrics LLC, Dingwall, United Kingdom
| | - M Malecha
- Inside Biometrics LLC, Dingwall, United Kingdom
| | - S Saini
- Inside Biometrics LLC, Dingwall, United Kingdom
| | - A Pfützner
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
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Tiwana MS, Ni LH, Saini S, Verma SK, Doddamani D, Jain N, Biswas M, Gupta M, Gupta M, Saini M, Chauhan N. Radiation therapy outcomes in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer: A single institution experience. Indian J Cancer 2017; 53:143-6. [PMID: 27146766 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.180842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To audit the survival outcomes and loco-regional control in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2008 through December 2011, 50 consecutively diagnosed muscle invasive urinary bladder carcinoma (T2-4a N0-2, M0) patients were included in this retrospective study. All these patients received external beam RT to a median dose of 60 Gy (range 30-66 Gy), and were not suitable for radical surgery due to patients' preference or medical comorbidities. A stepwise procedure using proportional hazard regression was used to identify prognostic factors with respect to survival. RESULTS Completion trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor was done in 38 (76%) patients of the cohort and 47 (94%) had transitional cell carcinoma on histopathology. Clinical stage T2 was diagnosed in 40 (80%) patients. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 14 ± 8.9 months (range 1-36 months). In conclusion, 24 patients (48%) were free of disease, 5 patients (10%) had residual disease, and 13 patients (26%) had died of disease. Two-year and 3 year overall survival of intact bladder for the entire cohort was 58% and 43.6%, respectively. Cox regression modeling strongly suggested clinical stage (P = 0.01) and RT dose (P = 0.001) as being predictors for overall survival. CONCLUSION RT shows reliable outcomes and excellent compliance in this advanced disease. Prescribing a higher RT dose could potentially correlate to better intact bladder control rates while maintaining good quality of life in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L H Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, STM Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
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Saini S, Bala R, Singh R. Evaluation of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) as an intubation conduit in patients with a cervical collar simulating fixed cervical spine. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2017.1295630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mele P, Saini S, Tiwari A, Hopkins PE, Miyazaki K, Ichinose A, Niemelä J, Karppinen M. Thermoelectric and Structural Characterization of Al-Doped ZnO/Y₂O₃ Multilayers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:1616-1621. [PMID: 29693985 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Y2O3 nanolayers on thermoelectric performance and structure of 2% Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films has been studied. Multilayers based on five 50 nm thick AZO layers alternated with few nanometers thick Y2O3 layers were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on Al2O3 single crystals by alternate ablation of AZO target and Y2O3 target. The number of laser shots on Y2O3 target was maintained very low (5, 10 and 15 pulses in three separate experiments. The main phase (AZO) presents polycrystalline orientation and typical columnar growth not affected by the presence of Y2O3 nanolayers. The multilayer with 15 laser shots of Y2O3 showed best thermoelectric performance with electrical conductivity σ 48 S/cm and Seebeck coefficient S = −82 μV/K, which estimate power factor (S2·σ) about 0.03 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2 at 600 K. The value of thermal conductivity (κ) was found 10.03 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K, which is one third of typical value previously reported for bulk AZO. The figure of merit, ZT = S2·σ·T/κ, is calculated 9.6 × 10−4 at 600 K. These results demonstrated the feasibility of nanoengineered defects insertion for the depression of thermal conductivity.
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Bucay N, Sekhon K, Yang T, Majid S, Shahryari V, Hsieh C, Mitsui Y, Deng G, Tabatabai ZL, Yamamura S, Calin GA, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Saini S. MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates CD44 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2667-2679. [PMID: 27893706 PMCID: PMC5426972 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major genomic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequent loss of chromosome (chr) 8p with a common region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chr8p22 locus. Genomic studies implicate this locus in the initiation of clinically significant PCa and with progression to metastatic disease. However, the genes within this region have not been fully characterized to date. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a microRNA component of this region –miR-383- is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, plays a critical role in determining tumor initiating potential and is involved in prostate cancer metastasis via direct regulation of CD44, a ubiquitous marker of PCa tumor initiating cells (TICs)/ stem cells. Expression analyses of miR-383 in PCa clinical tissues established that low miR-383 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Functional data suggests that miR-383 regulates PCa tumor initiating/ stem-like cells via CD44 regulation. Ectopic expression of miR-383 inhibited tumor initiating capacity of CD44+ PCa cells. Also, ‘anti-metastatic’ effects of ectopic miR-383 expression were observed in a PCa experimental metastasis model. In view of our results, we propose that frequent loss of miR-383 at chr8p22 region leads to tumor initiation and prostate cancer metastasis. Thus, we have identified a novel finding that associates a long observed genomic alteration to PCa stemness and metastasis. Our data suggests that restoration of miR-383 expression may be an effective therapeutic modality against PCa. Importantly, we identified miR-383 as a novel PCa tissue diagnostic biomarker with a potential that outperforms that of serum PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bucay
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - K Sekhon
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - T Yang
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - V Shahryari
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - C Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - G Deng
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Z L Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Yamamura
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Non-Coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
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