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Xie Y, Su Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Yu Q, Yan C. Structural clarification of mannoglucan GSBP-2 from Ganoderma sinense and its effects on triple-negative breast cancer migration and invasion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131903. [PMID: 38688342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma sinense, known as Lingzhi in China, is a medicinal fungus with anti-tumor properties. Herein, crude polysaccharides (GSB) extracted from G. sinense fruiting bodies were used to selectively inhibit triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. GSBP-2 was purified from GSB, with a molecular weight of 11.5 kDa and a composition of α-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-GlcpA-(1→, →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→,→6)-β-d-Manp-(1→, and →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ at a ratio of 1.0:6.3:1.7:5.5:1.5:4.3:8.0:7.9. The anti-MDA-MB-231 cell activity of GSBP-2 was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, colony formation, scratch wound healing, and transwell migration assays. The results showed that GSBP-2 could selectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through the regulation of genes targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (i.e., Snail1, ZEB1, VIM, CDH1, CDH2, and MMP9) in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results indicated that GSBP-2 could restrict epithelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing E-cadherin and decreasing N-cadherin expression through the PI3K/Akt pathway. GSBP-2 also suppressed the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, GSBP-2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and showed significant anti-angiogenic ability. These findings indicate that GSBP-2 is a promising therapeutic adjuvant for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Hao R, Zhou X, Zhao X, Lv X, Zhu X, Gao N, Jiang Y, Wu M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Li D. Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide counteracts cadmium-induced gut injury in mice via modulating gut inflammation, gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162910. [PMID: 36934944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as Group I carcinogen, can induce damage to various organs including the gut. It is of great importance to meet the rising demand for effective therapies against Cd-induced damage and investigate the mechanism. Flammulina velutipes is a popular edible mushroom, despite the well-known health benefits of Flammulina velutipes, little is known about the effect of its polysaccharide (FVP) against CdCl2-intestinal injury. In this study, a FVP (uronic acid, 5.10 %; degree of methylation, 41.24 %) was produced via hot water extraction (85 °C) and ethanol precipitation. The FVP contained eight major monosaccharides and exhibited good thermal stability at temperatures lower than 139.73 °C. FVP (100 mg/kg b. w., gavage for 4 weeks) alleviated CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg b. w., gavage for 4 weeks)-induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis, intestinal permeability alteration and intestinal barrier disruption. FVP increased the abundance of Bacteroides, whilst decreasing the abundance of Desulfovibrionales and Clostridium. FVP also restored the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids. Correlation analysis indicated the interplays among the FVP, gut microbes, SCFAs, intestinal barrier/cells and gut inflammation. FVP enhances the metabolic functions of gut microbiota via functional pathways analyzed by KEGG database. Furthermore, gut microbial transplantation of FVP + CdCl2 group mice partially alleviated CdCl2 caused-gut damage. Thus, FVP may be an effective therapeutic agent against CdCl2-induced gut damage via SCFA-mediated regulation of intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota-related energy metabolism. This study may open a new avenue for developing alternative strategies to prevent CdCl2-caused injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaqing Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - NaNa Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyu Wu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute of All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Cooperatives, 16001 East Road Jingshi, Jinan 250220, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Cao C, Bian Y, Cang W, Wu J, Wu R. Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus velezensis SN-1. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:738-749. [PMID: 36053948 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharide biopolymers produced by microorganisms are crucial to the environment. They contribute to areas such as the health and bionanotechnology sectors, food and cosmetic industries as gelling agents, and environmental sector as flocculants owing to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature. The current study aimed to isolate the fraction of released exopolysaccharide (rEPS) by Bacillus velezensis SN-1 from Chinese Da-Jiang. RESULTS The weighted average molecular weight of the major isolated component, rEPS-2, was 202 kDa, and its monosaccharide composition included mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 0.38:0.30:0.32. Further, the rEPS-2 was characterized using methylation analysis and one-dimensional/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D/2D NMR) spectroscopy. In vivo hepatoprotective effects indicated that rEPS-2 could alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver injury in mice by lowering the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, rEPS-2 can increase the expression of antioxidant genes HO-1, GCLC and NQO1 in the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced catalase (CAT) in liver cells. Furthermore, the rEPS-2 can be used and modulate the gut microbiota of mice with liver injury caused by CCl4 . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rEPS-2 has promising potential to serve as hepatoprotective agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxu Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Centre of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P. R. China
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Centre of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Centre of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Centre of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Engineering Research Centre of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Liu X, Huang L, Shi Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Wei S, Qin Y, Lu Y, Zhang W, Ju Y, Yan Y, Liao Y. Ganoderma lingzhi culture enhance growth performance via improvement of antioxidant activity and gut probiotic proliferation in Sanhuang broilers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1143649. [PMID: 37138906 PMCID: PMC10150954 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1143649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ganoderma lingzhi culture (GLC) as a fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, meat quality, and intestinal morphology and microbiota in Sanhuang broilers. In addition, the association between gut bacteria and metabolites was investigated via untargeted metabolomic analysis. Methods A total of 192 Sanhuang broilers (112 days old) with an initial body weight of 1.62 ± 0.19 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments, six replicate pens per treatment with 8 broilers per pen. The four treatments contain a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CON), a positive control diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, PCON), and the experimental diets supplemented with 1.5 and 3% of GLC, respectively. The trial includes phase 1 (day 1-28) and phase 2 (day 29-56). Results The results showed that broilers in PCON and GLC-added treatments showed a lower FCR (P < 0.05) in phase 2 and overall period and a higher ADG (P < 0.05) in phase 2. On day 56, the concentrations of serum SOD (P < 0.05), and HDL (P < 0.05) and cecal SCFA contents (P < 0.05) were increased in broilers fed GLC diets. Broilers fed GLC also showed a higher microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of SCFA-related bacteria in the caecum. The association between intestinal bacteria and metabolites was investigated via correlation analysis. The differential metabolites in the caecum, such as L-beta-aspartyl-L-aspartic acid and nicotinamide riboside, were identified. Conclusion In summary, dietary GCL supplementation could increase growth performance to some extent. Moreover, GLC might benefit broilers' health by improving serum HDL content, antioxidant status, SCFAs contents, bacterial diversity, and probiotic proliferation in the caecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Liling Huang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanglan Luo
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyan Wei
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanchun Qin
- Yulin Institute of Microbiology, Yulin, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Yulin Institute of Microbiology, Yulin, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yan
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Yuying Liao
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Olou B, Langer E, Ryvarden L, Krah FS, Hounwanou G, Piepenbring M, Yorou N. New records and barcode sequence data of wood-inhabiting polypores in Benin with notes on their phylogenetic placements and distribution. Fungal Syst Evol 2023; 11:11-42. [PMID: 37469936 PMCID: PMC10353294 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood-inhabiting fungi (WIF), such as polypores, are extremely species-rich and play vital roles in the functioning of forest ecosystems as decomposers. Despite the importance of polypores, our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of these fungi is still poor in general and especially for West Africa. To advance our knowledge we here summarise results from field collections between 2017 and 2021 and present (i) a taxonomic overview, (ii) phylogenetic placements and (iii) an illustrated catalogue of wood-inhabiting polypore fungi with colour pictures. During the field sampling campaigns, we collected 647 specimens. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular barcode data, 76 polypore species belonging to six orders, 15 families and 39 genera were identified. Of the 76 species, 30 are new to the West Africa, 69 new to Benin, and two new combinations Fuscoporia beninensis and Megasporia minuta are proposed. With this summary, we provide new data for further research. Citation: Olou BA, Langer E, Ryvarden L, Krah F-S, Hounwanou GB, Piepenbring M, Yorou NS (2023). New records and barcode sequence data of wood-inhabiting polypores in Benin with notes on their phylogenetic placements and distribution. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 11: 11-42. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Olou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions (MyTIPS), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin
| | - E. Langer
- Department of Ecology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - L. Ryvarden
- Institute of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - F.-S. Krah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G.B. Hounwanou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions (MyTIPS), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin
| | - M. Piepenbring
- Department of Mycology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N.S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions (MyTIPS), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin
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6
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Lu S, Yuan Y, Chen F, Zheng Y, Li C, Cao J, Xia G, Liu Z, Shen X, He Y, Zhou D, Zhu K. Holothuria Leucospilota polysaccharides alleviate hyperlipidemia via alteration of lipid metabolism and inflammation-related gene expression. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14392. [PMID: 36111651 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipemia is becoming a chronic disease that threatens human health. At the same time, people pay more and more attention to hyperlipemia. Holothuria Leucospilota polysaccharide (HLP) has been reported to ameliorate hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced rats. Therefore, this study aimed to explore further metabolomics' role in improving liver function and reveal its mechanism. After oral administration of HLP for 4 weeks, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels of the liver in 100 and 200 mg/kg HLP groups were both decreased significantly (p < .05). The results showed that serum AST and ALT activity decreased by professing to be convinced of HLP. HLP also exerted antioxidant activities and up-regulated the expression of ACC, CD36, TNF-α and NF-κB in the liver of diabetic rats. Six potential biomarkers were recognized by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and OPLS-DA. HLP alleviated liver injury by regulating the contents of metabolic end products in the serum of hyperlipidemic rats, such as nadolol and glycodeoxycholic acid. The results indicated that HLP effectively relieved HFD-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating metabolic disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As a chronic disease, hyperlipidemia has attracted more and more attention. Studies have shown that HLP regulates dyslipidemia, oxidative damage and inflammation to relieve hyperlipidemia. It mainly improved the liver damage caused by hyperlipidemia by inhibiting the expression of hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. At the same time, we also detected six metabolites, among which high GDCA content indicated serious liver damage. Therefore, in the future, it can be suggested that HLP may be used as a functional, active substance in health products to assist in relieving hyperlipidemia, and GDCA may be used as an essential metabolic marker for the degree of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiqiong Yuan
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanping Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and ministerial co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and ministerial co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and ministerial co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and ministerial co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfu He
- Engineering Research Centre of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of MOE, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and ministerial co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, China
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He L, Yang FQ, Tang P, Gao TH, Yang CX, Tan L, Yue P, Hua YN, Liu SJ, Guo JL. Regulation of the intestinal flora: A potential mechanism of natural medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113091. [PMID: 35576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, which are usually subdivided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the onset of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes primarily involves autoimmune insulin deficiency. In comparison, type 2 diabetes is contributed by the pathological state of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In recent years, significant differences were found in the abundance of microflora, intestinal barrier, and intestinal metabolites in diabetic subjects when compared to normal subjects. To further understand the relationship between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora, this paper summarizes the interaction mechanism between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Furthermore, the natural compounds found to treat diabetes through intestinal flora were classified and summarized. This review is expected to provide a valuable resource for the development of new diabetic drugs and the applications of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying He
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ting-Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Hua
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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8
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Large Yellow Tea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Suppressing Lipogenesis through SIRT6/SREBP1 Pathway and Modulating Microbiota in Leptin Receptor Knockout Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111638. [PMID: 35681388 PMCID: PMC9180543 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic metabolic disorder that has turned into a severe health problem worldwide. A previous study reported that large yellow tea exhibited better anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects than green tea. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the prevention effects and mechanisms of large yellow tea water extract (LWE) on metabolic syndrome using leptin receptor knockout (Lepr−/−) rats. Seven-week-old male Lepr−/− and wild type (WT) littermate rats were divided into Lepr−/− control group (KO) (n = 5), Lepr−/− with LWE-treated group (KL) (n = 5), WT control group (WT) (n = 6), and WT with LWE intervention group (WL) (n = 6). Then, the rats were administered water or LWE (700 mg/kg BW) daily by oral gavage for 24 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the administration of LWE significantly reduced the serum concentrations of random blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids, and increased glucose tolerance in Lepr−/− rats. Moreover, LWE remarkably reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and alleviated fatty liver formation in Lepr−/− rats. A mechanistic study showed that LWE obviously activated SIRT6 and decreased the expression of key lipogenesis-related molecules SREBP1, FAS, and DGAT1 in the livers of Lepr−/− rats. Furthermore, LWE significantly improved microbiota dysbiosis via an increase in gut microbiota diversity and an abundance of the microbiota that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, Intestinimonas, and Alistipes. Finally, LWE supplementation increased the concentrations of SCFAs in the feces of Lepr−/− rats. These results revealed that LWE attenuated metabolic syndrome of Lepr−/− rats via the reduction of hepatic lipid synthesis through the SIRT6/SREBP1 pathway and the modulation of gut microbiota.
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9
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Sanad FAA, Ahmed SF, El-Tantawy WH. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potentials of Solidago virgaurea extract in alloxan-induced diabetes type 1. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:716-723. [PMID: 32026741 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1722705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to investigate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potentials of Solidago virgaurea extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were orally administered a dose of Solidago virgaurea extract (250 mg/kg body weight) daily for 15 days. Then blood glucose, insulin, serum lipid profile, amylase, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and liver glycogen were determined. Besides, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in pancreatic tissue were assessed. RESULTS Solidago virgaurea extract significantly reduced blood glucose level, serum amylase activity, TNF-α level, and pancreatic MDA level as well as increasing the serum insulin, liver glycogen level, pancreatic SOD, and catalase activities in comparison with their corresponding diabetic rats, p < .05. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the ethnomedicinal use of Solidago virgaurea extract as an antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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10
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Arunachalam K, Sreeja PS, Yang X. The Antioxidant Properties of Mushroom Polysaccharides can Potentially Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Beta-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874474. [PMID: 35600869 PMCID: PMC9117613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine illness affecting people all over the world and is of serious health and financial concern. Antidiabetic medicine delivered through pharmacotherapy, including synthetic antidiabetic drugs, are known to have several negative effects. Fortunately, several natural polysaccharides have antidiabetic properties, and the use of these polysaccharides as adjuncts to conventional therapy is becoming more common, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The review of current literature presented here focusses, therefore, on the antioxidant properties of mushroom polysaccharides used in the management of diabetic complications, and discusses whether these antioxidant properties contribute to the deactivation of the oxidative stress-related signalling pathways, and to the amelioration of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the relevant information concerning the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of mushrooms from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus or Google Scholar, for the period 1994 to 2021. In total, 104 different polysaccharides from mushrooms have been found to have antidiabetic effects. Most of the literature on mushroom polysaccharides has demonstrated the beneficial effects of these polysaccharides on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels. This review discuss the effects of these polysaccharides on hyperglycemia and other alternative antioxidant therapies for diabetic complications through their applications and limits, in order to gain a better understanding of how they can be used to treat DM. Preclinical and phytochemical investigations have found that most of the active polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms have antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the development of DM. Further research is necessary to confirm whether mushroom polysaccharides can effectively alleviate hyperglycemia, and the mechanisms by which they do this, and to investigate whether these polysaccharides might be utilized as a complementary therapy for the prevention and management of DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Karuppusamy Arunachalam, ; Xuefei Yang,
| | | | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Karuppusamy Arunachalam, ; Xuefei Yang,
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11
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Yang L, Kang X, Dong W, Wang L, Liu S, Zhong X, Liu D. Prebiotic properties of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides with special enrichment of Bacteroides ovatus and B. uniformis in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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12
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Bhambri A, Srivastava M, Mahale VG, Mahale S, Karn SK. Mushrooms as Potential Sources of Active Metabolites and Medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837266. [PMID: 35558110 PMCID: PMC9090473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushrooms exist as an integral and vital component of the ecosystem and are very precious fungi. Mushrooms have been traditionally used in herbal medicines for many centuries. Scope and Approach There are a variety of medicinal mushrooms mentioned in the current work such as Agaricus, Amanita, Calocybe, Cantharellus, Cordyceps, Coprinus, Cortinarius, Ganoderma, Grifola, Huitlacoche, Hydnum, Lentinus, Morchella, Pleurotus, Rigidoporus, Tremella, Trametes sp., etc., which play a vital role in various diseases because of several metabolic components and nutritional values. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified morphologically on the basis of their size, color (white, black, yellow, brown, cream, pink and purple-brown, etc.), chemical reactions, consistency of the stalk and cap, mode of attachment of the gills to the stalk, and spore color and mass, and further identified at a molecular level by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of gene sequencing. There are also other methods that have recently begun to be used for the identification of mushrooms such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), microscopy, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), DNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), chemical finger printing, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-TOF) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Lately, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is also used for the identification of fungi. Key Finding and Conclusion Medicinal mushrooms possess various biological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, and many others that will be mentioned in this article. This manuscript will provide future direction, action mechanisms, applications, and the recent collective information of medicinal mushrooms. In addition to many unknown metabolites and patented active metabolites are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bhambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
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13
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Wu X, Fu G, Xu Z, Dong B, Li R, Wan Y, Jiang G, Liu C. In vitro nutrition properties of whole Tartary buckwheat straight noodles and its amelioration on type 2 diabetic rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Kumar HMA, Sarkar M, Darshan K, Ghoshal T, Kavya BS, Bashayl BM, Asaiya AJK, Berry N. The Ganoderma: Biodiversity and Significance. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Yue SR, Tan YY, Zhang L, Zhang BJ, Jiang FY, Ji G, Liu BC, Wang RR. Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice associated with gut microbiota and the TLR2/NLRP3 pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885039. [PMID: 35937847 PMCID: PMC9352886 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the progress of liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Many natural herbs, such as Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), have been extensively applied in the prevention of NASH, while the bioactive components and underlying mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polysaccharides of GP (GPP) have a protective effect on NASH and to explore the potential mechanism underlying these effects. C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to induce NASH and administered daily oral gavage of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), low dose of GPP (LGPP), high dose of GPP (HGPP), and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (PPC), compared with the methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS) group. Our results showed that the symptoms of hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, liver fibrosis, and oxidative stress could be partially recovered through the intervention of GPP with a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, gut microbiome sequencing revealed that HGPP altered the composition of gut microbiota, mainly characterized by the enrichment of genera including Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and A2. Moreover, hepatic transcriptome analysis indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of HGPP might be associated with toll-like receptor (TLR) and nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways. HGPP could inhibit the expression of TLR2 and downregulate the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. In summary, GPP could ameliorate NASH possibly mediated via the modulation of gut microbiota and the TLR2/NLRP3 signaling pathway, indicating that GPP could be tested as a prebiotic agent in the prevention of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ran Yue
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yun Tan
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yan Jiang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Rui Wang, ; Bao-Cheng Liu, ; Guang Ji,
| | - Bao-Cheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Rui Wang, ; Bao-Cheng Liu, ; Guang Ji,
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Rui Wang, ; Bao-Cheng Liu, ; Guang Ji,
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16
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Yu Y, Zhu H, Shen M, Yu Q, Chen Y, Xie J. Sulfation modification enhances the intestinal regulation of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-treated mice via restoring intestinal mucosal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:12278-12290. [PMID: 34821227 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effects of a sulfated derivative of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (SCP3) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced intestinal barrier damage and intestinal microbiota in mice. The results showed that SCP3 increased the intestine antioxidant defense, repaired the intestinal barrier via restoring villi length and crypt depth, and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results confirmed that SCP3 dramatically altered the structure of the gut microbiota, increased the diversity of gut microbiota, and regulated the relative abundances of specific bacteria, including increasing the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Oscillospira, and Akkermansia, and decreasing the abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. In conclusion, SCP3 can improve intestinal function in CTX-treated mice via enhancing the intestinal oxidative stress capacity, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and regulating intestinal microorganisms, and this study provides a scientific theoretical basis for the application of SCP3 in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. .,International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. .,International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. .,International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. .,International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
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17
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Preparation and Characterization of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb Polysaccharide-Zn Complex and Its Hypoglycemic Activity through Regulating Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4497128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide (ACEP) as raw material, the purpose of the study was to prepare Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide-zinc (ACEP-Zn) complex. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other means are used to analyze the physical-chemical properties and structure of ACEP and ACEP-Zn, to investigate the inhibition of α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes, and to explore its effects on the glucose metabolism of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that a group of COO-, -CH3, and -OH in the sugar chain binds to Zn2+. Compared with the original polysaccharides, the surface morphology of ACEP-Zn changed obviously, and the molecular weight (Mn) of ACEP-Zn decreased, but the molecular agglomeration of ACEP-Zn increased. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ACEP-Zn on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than that of the original polysaccharide. The results indicated that the structure of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide was changed obviously after the zinc complex, and its hypoglycemic activity was enhanced in vitro. In the cell experiment, the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells was significantly increased at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL (
). The activity of SOD and NOS significantly increased (
), and the activity of intracellular PK increased (
). Therefore, it was speculated that the hypoglycemic effect of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide combined with zinc was related to the alleviation of liver cell damage caused by oxidative stress and the improvement of glucose metabolism of IR-HepG2 cells. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the polysaccharide-zinc complex in the hypoglycemic functional food field.
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18
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Zhao F, Zhu K, Zhao Q, Liu Q, Cao J, Xia G, Liu Z, Li C. Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides alleviate liver injury via AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Yang HR, Chen LH, Zeng YJ. Structure, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharide Purified from Tricholoma matsutake. Foods 2021; 10:2184. [PMID: 34574294 PMCID: PMC8465006 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake (Tmp) were investigated. Structural features suggested that Tmp was consisted of arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) with a molar ratio of 1.9:13.6:42.7:28.3, respectively, with a molecular weight of 72.14 kDa. The structural chain of Tmp was confirmed to contain →2,5)-α-l-Arabinofuranose (Araf)-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, β-d-Glucopyranose (Glcp)-(1→, α-d-Mannopyranose (Manp)-(1→, α-d-Galacopyranose (Galp)-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →6)-3-O-Methyl (Me)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ residues. Furthermore, Tmp possessed strong antioxidant activity and showed the strong inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Then, a further evaluation found that there was a dramatic improvement in the glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis and the activities of pyruvate kinase and hexokinase when the insulin-resistant-human hepatoma cell line (IR-HepG2) was treated with Tmp. The above results indicated that Tmp had good hypoglycemic activity and also exhibited great potentials in in terms of dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Jie Zeng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.-R.Y.); (L.-H.C.)
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20
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Wang M, Huang H, Wang L, Yang H, He S, Liu F, Tu Q, He S. Herbal Extract Mixture Modulates Intestinal Antioxidative Capacity and Microbiota in Weaning Piglets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:706758. [PMID: 34394056 PMCID: PMC8357371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, herbal extracts have been applied in multiple aspects, such as medicine and animal feed. Different compositions of herbal extract mixture (HEM) have various components and diverse functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HEM (Lonicera japonica, Astragalus membranaceus, Eucommia folium, and Codonopsis pilosula) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and colonic microbiota in weaned pigs. A total of 18 piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with the initial body weight of 5.99 ± 0.13 kg (weaned at 21 days) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 9): the control group (CON, basal diet) and the HEM treatment group (HEM, 1,000 mg/kg HEM + basal diet). The experiment period lasted for 14 days. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with HEM modulated the antioxidant capacity through decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the ileum and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum, and decreasing the mRNA expression of Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the jejunum and the protein level of Keap1 in the ileum. Moreover, the HEM group modified the composition of colonic microbiota with affecting relative abundances of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Taken together, supplementation of HEM can regulate the antioxidant capacity and modify the composition of colonic bacteria in weaning piglets. This study provides new insights into the combination effects of herbal extracts on weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengwen He
- Anhui Tianan Biotechnology Company Limited, Luan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Yucheng Baolikang Biological Feed Company Limited, Dezhou, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Yucheng Baolikang Biological Feed Company Limited, Dezhou, China
| | - Shanping He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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21
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Long Q, Chen H, Yang W, Yang L, Zhang L. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside from Hibiscus sabdariffa. L attenuates hyperlipidemia in high fat diet-induced obese rats and oleic acid-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3837-3849. [PMID: 34281481 PMCID: PMC8806893 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1950259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa. L is folk medicine that is often used for its hypolipidemic and antihypertensive effects; however, the active compound responsible for its anti-obesity effect is presently unknown. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3-Sam) is an anthocyanin, was extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The present research aimed to investigate the role of Dp3-Sam in the prevention of hyperlipidemia in vivo and in vitro. Rats were fed with a standard chow diet (Control group) or high-fat diet (HFD and DP group) for eight weeks. Besides, HepG2 cells were stimulated with 0.2 mM oleic acid, with or without Dp3-Sam (100-200 µg/ml). Lipid profiles were measured by commercial kits. Oil Red O staining was performed to measure the hepatic and intracellular lipid levels. The key genes of lipid metabolism were measured by RT-PCR. In HFD-fed rats, Dp3-Sam reduced the body weight gain, visceral fat, and abdominal fat and decreased hepatic lipid deposits. Dp3-Sam decreased intracellular TG levels and lipid accumulation in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Besides, Dp3-Sam downregulated the mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 c (SREBP-1 C), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and upregulated the mRNA expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Dp3-Sam up-regulated the expression of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) in HFD-fed rats. Our findings indicated that Dp3-Sam possesses the potential to improve lipid metabolism dysfunction and our results offered evidence for the use of Dp3-Sam as therapy for the prevention of obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Long
- Department of General Medicine, Yanan Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Yanan Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Yanan Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Yanan Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yanan Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
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22
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Chen J, Li L, Zhang X, Wan L, Zheng Q, Xu D, Li Y, Liang Y, Chen M, Li B, Chen Z. Structural characterization of polysaccharide from Centipeda minima and its hypoglycemic activity through alleviating insulin resistance of hepatic HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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23
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Polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) pulp modulates gut microbiota composition and improves short-chain fatty acids production. Food Chem 2021; 364:130434. [PMID: 34182368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. pulp (JFP-Ps) on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production in mice. The microbial communities of V3 and V4 region 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR, then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform and analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that JFP-Ps significantly affected the levels of intestinal bacteria, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Deferribacteres and TM7. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid and total SCFAs in mouse feces were significantly increased by treatment with JFP-Ps for 2 weeks. These results indicate that JFP-Ps is beneficial to the gut health and can be developed as a functional ingredient in relation to gut health.
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24
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Yu L, Zhou X, Duan H, Chen Y, Cui S, Guo R, Xue Y, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Synergistic Protective Effects of Different Dietary Supplements Against Type 2 Diabetes via Regulating Gut Microbiota. J Med Food 2021; 24:319-330. [PMID: 33739885 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem, and its prevalence continues to increase. Dietary supplements, including probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts, have been shown to alleviate diabetes. In this study, the synergistic effects of two types of dietary supplements were investigated in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sixty mice were divided into the following six groups: control, model (induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), drug (metformin), probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.), formula A (probiotics, plant extracts, and soybean peptide), and formula B (probiotics, prebiotics, and soybean peptide). All three dietary interventions (probiotic, formula A, and formula B groups) significantly reduced the blood glucose level and oral glucose tolerance level and effectively improved some biochemical parameters (e.g., chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood lipid level) and regulated gut microbiota. Notably, formula B exhibited a better ability on reducing the blood glucose level, regulating the gut microbiota, and increasing the short-chain fatty acid levels compared with the probiotics alone and formula A. Thus, formula B may exert synergistic protective effects against T2DM through a mechanism involving probiotics and prebiotics of gut microbiota regulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of probiotic dietary supplements to the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renmei Guo
- Suzhou Setek Biotechnology Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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25
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Cao W, Li RW, Chin Y, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Transcriptome analysis reveals the protective role of fructo-oligosaccharide in colonic mucosal barriers in exercise-induced stressed mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4484-4495. [PMID: 33885098 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most athletes continually endure mental and physical stress from intense exercise. Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) can reduce physical exhaustion, but the concrete mechanism behind it still needs further research. In this study, the effect of FOS on colonic mucosal barriers was investigated using an exercise-induced stress mouse model. Except for control individuals, mice were subject to cycles of 2-day exercise (at 20 rpm) interleaved by 5-day rest. The mice experienced a total of 6 days of exercise during the feeding period. FOS improved common indicators of exhaustion, such as glycogen storage in muscle. 16S rRNA data supported that changes in the gut microbiome were also closely related to stress status. Notably, Anaerotruncus was increased in mice under stress, while FOS facilitated the growth of Dorea, which is negatively associated with exhaustion. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that FOS could maintain the integrity of colonic epithelial barriers. For example, FOS significantly restored the expression of tight junctions (Occludin and Zonula occludens-1) in the colon, which was impaired under a stress state. Besides, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome might contribute to the protection of the colonic mucosa by promoting the secretion of IL-18, Mucin2 (Muc2) and intestine lectin 1 (Itln1) in FOS-treated individuals. In short, FOS administration attenuated the damage of colonic mucosal barriers in exercise-induced stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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26
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Wu Y, Li X, Tan F, Zhou X, Mu J, Zhao X. Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:5. [PMID: 33531053 PMCID: PMC7852154 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is an epidemic disease in the world, the treatment and prevention of obesity methods have gained great attention. Lactobacillus is the main member of probiotics, and the physiological activity of it is specific to different strains. This study systematically explored the anti-obesity effect and possible mechanism of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 (LF-CQPC07), which was isolated from pickled vegetables. Results LF-CQPC07 effectively controlled the weight gain of mice caused by a high-fat diet. The results of pathological sections indicated that LF-CQPC07 alleviated hepatocyte damage and fat accumulation in adipocytes. The detection of biochemical indictors revealed that LF-CQPC07 decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally, LF-CQPC07 caused the decrease in the amounts of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the increase in the amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. LF-CQPC07 also decreased the amounts of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Confirmed by qPCR, LF-CQPC07 enhanced the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also increased the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and decreased that of PPAR-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in the liver of mice. Conclusion This research confirmed that LF-CQPC07 is capable of ameliorating obesity, improving hyperlipemia, and alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation and liver injury accompanied with obesity. Its mechanism may be the regulation of antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. Therefore, LF-CQPC07 has enormous potential to serve as a potential probiotic for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueya Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, 659 Yunan Avenue, Longzhouwan Street, Banan District, Chongqing, 401320, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, 838, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Aramabašić Jovanović J, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Dinić S, Vidaković M. The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:58. [PMID: 33467194 PMCID: PMC7830770 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by high level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes and its chronic complications have a significant impact on human life, health systems, and countries' economies. Currently, there are many commercial hypoglycemic drugs that are effective in controlling hyperglycemia but with several serious side-effects and without a sufficient capacity to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Over many centuries mushrooms and their bioactive compounds have been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially polysaccharides and terpenoids derived from various mushroom species. This review summarizes the effects of these main mushroom secondary metabolites on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for lowering blood glucose. In vivo and in vitro data revealed that treatment with mushroom polysaccharides displayed an anti-hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting glucose absorption efficacy, enhancing pancreatic β-cell mass, and increasing insulin-signaling pathways. Mushroom terpenoids act as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and as insulin sensitizers through activation of PPARγ in order to reduce hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes. In conclusion, mushroom polysaccharides and terpenoids can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia by various mechanisms and can be used as supportive candidates for prevention and control of diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Aramabašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (A.U.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (M.V.)
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28
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Jiang G, Lei A, Chen Y, Yu Q, Xie J, Yang Y, Yuan T, Su D. The protective effects of the Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide against acrylamide-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:397-407. [PMID: 33336655 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of the Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) on selected tissue (liver, spleen, kidneys and intestine) toxicity induced by acrylamide (AA) in SD rats were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment with PSG-1 could prevent AA-induced damage to liver and kidney functions by increasing the activities of ALT, AST and ALP and the levels of TG, BUN and CR in the serum of AA-treated rats. PSG-1 could also maintain the intestinal barrier function and permeability by preventing the reduction of the serum d-Lac and ET-1 levels in the intestine of AA-treated rats. In addition, AA-induced DNA damage, as indicated by an increase of the 8-OHdG level, was alleviated by pretreatment with PSG-1. Histological observations of the tissues confirmed the protective effects of different doses of PSG-1. Moreover, PSG-1 supplementation reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats by upregulating the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and IL-10 levels, and preventing the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Thus, these findings suggest that PSG-1 effectively prevents AA-induced damage in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestine of rats, partially by alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and protecting the intestinal integrity and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Aitong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Tongji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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29
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Therapeutic potential of mushrooms in diabetes mellitus: Role of polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1194-1205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Luo M, Gan M, Yu X, Wu X, Xu F. Study on the regulatory effects and mechanisms of action of bifidobacterial exopolysaccharides on anaphylaxes in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1447-1454. [PMID: 33011263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study used bifidobacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from the selected strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum WBBI01 and WBIN03, Bifidobacterium breve WBBR04, Bifidobacterium infantis WBAN07 and Bifidobacterium longum WBLO01 to explore the EPSs regulatory effect on anaphylaxis in mice. First of all, allergy mouse models were established via subcutaneous injection followed by OVA gavage, and then the EPSs from the five Bifidobacteria were fed into the mice via continuous gavage. Samples were taken from the mice periodically to determine the changes of cytokine levels in serum, including those of IgE, IgG, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and INF-γ. The test revealed that the EPSs from B. breve WBBR04 could considerably relieve food allergy in the mouse models, but the effect of B. infantis WBAN07 was unsatisfactory. Based on the above conclusions, the EPSs of B. bifidum WBBR04 and WBIN03, B. breve WBBR04, and B. longum WBLO01 were respectively incubated with the small intestine tissue sections of an allergic mouse model. The resulting culture supernatants were then tested. Based on the above, it can be concluded that EPS of B. breve WBBR04 can enhance the intestinal barrier integrity by attaching themselves onto the inner walls of the small intestine, hence effectively isolating the allergens and preventing food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Min Gan
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - XiaoMin Yu
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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31
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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32
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Feruloylated oligosaccharides and ferulic acid alter gut microbiome to alleviate diabetic syndrome. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109410. [PMID: 33233097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome has been proven to be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, increasing evidence showed that the composition of gut microbiome is highly associated with the outcome of T2D therapy. Previously we demonstrated that feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) and ferulic acid (FA) alleviated diabetic syndrome in rats, but the detailed mechanism has not been explored yet. In this study we strived to characterize how FOs and FA altered the gut microbiome and related metabolome in diabetic rats by using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and gas chromatography (GC). Our results showed that FOs reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter, and Desulfovibrio, but increased the abundance of Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium and Turicibacter. The structure of gut microbiome in FOs treated rats was similar with healthy rats rather than diabetic rats. Likewise, FA decreased the portion of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, but promoted the growth of Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium. Additionally, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), the main bacterial lipid metabolites in gut mediating host glucose metabolism, was dramatically elevated along with FOs and FA treatment. Our findings indicated that FOs and FA attenuated diabetic syndrome in rats most likely by modulating the composition and metabolism of gut microbiome. The study gives new insight into the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetes effect of functional foods as well as facilitates the development of dietary supplements for diabetic patients.
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33
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BAO YH, SUN KF, GUO Y. Effect of molecular weight on hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities of fermented Auriculaia auricula supernatant. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang GUO
- Northeast Forestry University, China
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34
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Chen LC, Kong YP, Zheng Y, Zhang SY, Zhang LY, Wang JY. Preparation of coix seed oil bioactive delivery systems based on homologous polysaccharides and proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:376-383. [PMID: 32084467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural products belonging to a class of generally-recognized-as-safe biomaterials have exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability and can be used as delivery vehicles for a variety of functional foods. Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi), is a nutritious food, rich in various bioactive ingredients. Coix seed oil extract (CSO) is also bioactive but it is sensitive to oxidation. In this study, a bioactive delivery system based on homologous polysaccharides and proteins was developed to deliver coix seed oil. The results show that the CSO nanoparticles have high encapsulation efficiency, narrow particle size distribution, and good stability. Moreover, the fusion of the nanoparticles with the membrane enabled the transport of CSO through the Caco-2 cell monolayer and improved the intestinal permeability. These findings could provide useful information for designing homologous polysaccharide and protein-based delivery systems to increase the bioavailability of lipophilic nutraceuticals in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Kong
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Lin-Yu Zhang
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
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35
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Wu G, Bai Z, Wan Y, Shi H, Huang X, Nie S. Antidiabetic effects of polysaccharide from azuki bean (Vigna angularis) in type 2 diabetic rats via insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Indirectly stimulation of DCs by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in intestinal-like Caco-2/DCs co-culture model based on RNA-seq. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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37
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Chen LC, Fan ZY, Wang HY, Wen DC, Zhang SY. Effect of polysaccharides from adlay seed on anti-diabetic and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2020; 10:4372-4380. [PMID: 31276140 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This study aims to examine the effects of polysaccharides from adlay seeds (PAS) on hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The administration of PAS in diabetic mice caused a significant decrease in the glucose level and serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Similarly, PAS also showed decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was observed. Unexpectedly, PAS reduced the concentrations of anti-amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) protein. Also, histopathological examination showed that PAS contributed to the reduction of STZ-lesioned pancreatic cells. Metformin treatment significantly reduced the diversity of the gut microbiota, while PAS treatment altered the diversity and composition of the microbiota. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the hypoglycemic effects of PAS in type-2 diabetic mice (T2D) may be associated with the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
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38
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Cai WD, Ding ZC, Wang YY, Yang Y, Zhang HN, Yan JK. Hypoglycemic benefit and potential mechanism of a polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus in streptozotoxin-induced diabetic rats. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Huang WC, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Chiu CC, Huang CC. Investigation of the Effects of Microbiota on Exercise Physiological Adaption, Performance, and Energy Utilization Using a Gnotobiotic Animal Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1906. [PMID: 31551939 PMCID: PMC6736621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide diversity in gut microbiota that is found among individuals is affected by factors including environment, genetics, dietary habits, and lifestyle after birth. The gastrointestinal tract, the largest and most complicated in vivo ecosystem, is a natural habitat for microbe colonization. Gut microbiota acts as “metabolic organ” that interacts with the human host symbiotically and performs an important role in maintaining health. In addition to the above factors, microbiota distributions/proportions are affected by exercise and other forms of physical activity. However, diet, lifestyle, and nutritional supplementation may impede the actual analytic relationship in practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the effects of several microbiota on physical fitness, exercise performance, energy metabolism, and biochemistries using the concept of gnotobiote based on a germ-free model. The microbes Eubacterium rectale, Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10, and Clostridium coccoides were separately inoculated into gnotobiotic animal models. Fecal analysis was regularly done for the entire duration of the experiment. The exercise capacities were measured repeatedly with and without aerobic exercise training using an exhaustive swimming test. Various fatigue-associated biochemical variables, including lactate, ammonia, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were also measured to assess physiological adaption. In addition, metabolic phenotype was applied to record basal metabolic rate, diet, behavior, and activities. Body composition, glycogen content, and histopathology were further evaluated to assess the gnotobiotic effects. E. rectale engendered capacities, physiological adaption, and physical activities that were significantly better than other two microbes, possible due to energy regulation and bioavailability. In addition, L. plantarum TWK10 and C. coccoides were found to significantly increase the basal metabolic rate and to alter the body compositions, although no exercise capacity benefit was found in the gnotobiotic models. The E. rectale and L. plantarum gnotobiotic animals all showed normal histological observations with the exception of the C. coccoides gnotobiote, which showed the pathological observation of hepatic necrosis. The gnotobiotic model directly demonstrates the interactions between microbes and hosts, which are especially relevant and applicable to the field of sports science. This study supports the development of beneficial microbiota for application to exercise and fitness, which is an emerging area of health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chao Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Anti-Diabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Polysaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142556. [PMID: 31337059 PMCID: PMC6680889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, heterogeneous metabolic disorder, causing various health complications and economic issues, which apparently impacts the human's life. Currently, commercial diabetic drugs are clinically managed for diabetic treatment that has definite side effects. Dietary polysaccharides mainly derive from natural sources, including medicinal plants, grains, fruits, vegetables, edible mushroom, and medicinal foods, and possess anti-diabetic potential. Hence, this review summarizes the effects of dietary polysaccharides on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms related to inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and diabetes in various animal models. The analysis of literature and appropriate data on anti-diabetic polysaccharide from electronic databases was conducted. In vivo and in vitro trials have revealed that treatment of these polysaccharides has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, which enhance pancreatic β-cell mass and alleviates β-cell dysfunction. It enhances insulin signaling pathways through insulin receptors and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and eventually modulates ERK/JNK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, dietary polysaccharides can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and, thus, consumption of polysaccharides can be a valuable choice for diabetic control.
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Antidiabetic effects of different polysaccharide fractions from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds in db/db mice. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cao C, Zhang B, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X, Liu RH. Structure and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of a homogenous polysaccharide purified from Sargassum pallidum. Food Funct 2019; 10:2828-2838. [PMID: 31049543 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the structure, hypoglycemic activity and the underlying mechanism of a homogeneous polysaccharide (PSP-2) purified from Sargassum pallidum. Structural characterization revealed that PSP-2 with a molecular weight of 144.8 kDa was composed of fucose (21.6%), arabinose (2.5%), galactose (22.4%), glucose (2.2%), xylose (18.8%), mannose (1.2%), glucuronic acid (7.7%) and galacturonic acid (23.6%). The backbone chain of PSP-2 was composed of →1)-β-d-Xylp-(3→, →1,3)-β-l-Fucp-(4→, →1)-α-d-Galp-(6→, and →1)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(2→, and the side chains were composed of →1,3,6)-α-d-Galp-(2→, →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1,4→, β-d-GalpNAc-(1→, and α-d-Manp-(1→. In vitro hypoglycemic assays indicated that PSP-2 could significantly enhance glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis, and pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK) activities of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanistic studies revealed that PSP-2 could ameliorate insulin resistance by up-regulating the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), glycogen synthase (GS), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4). These results suggested that PSP-2 may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Azad MAK, Bin P, Liu G, Fang J, Li T, Yin Y. Effects of different methionine levels on offspring piglets during late gestation and lactation. Food Funct 2019; 9:5843-5854. [PMID: 30358792 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01343h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation during gestation and lactation improves the health of piglets. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of methionine (Met) supplementation in the sows' diet during late gestation and lactation on piglets. Thirty sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed the following diets from day 90 of gestation to day 21 of lactation: (a) control group (a basal diet containing 0.36% Met), (b) 0.48% Met group (a basal diet with additional 0.12% Met), and (c) 0.60% Met group (a basal diet with additional 0.24% Met). On day 21 after farrowing, piglets of average body weight (n = 10 per group) were selected for sample collection. The results showed that the 0.48% Met and 0.60% Met diets significantly lowered the malondialdehyde content in the piglets' serum (P < 0.05). In addition, the glutathione peroxidase content was significantly increased in the 0.48% Met group (P < 0.05) and the total glutathione content was significantly reduced in the 0.60% Met group (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, Met supplementation of the sows' diet was associated with alterations in 37 plasma metabolites in the piglets. In the piglets' intestinal microbiota, the relative abundances of Phascolarctobacterium and Bacteroidetes in the 0.48% Met group were higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that a diet including 0.48% Met during late gestation and lactation can maintain the health of piglets by increasing the antioxidant capacity and changing the intestinal microbiota composition, but a higher level of Met supplementation may increase the potential risk to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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Han L, Li T, Du M, Chang R, Zhan B, Mao X. Beneficial Effects of Potentilla discolor Bunge Water Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines Release and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030670. [PMID: 30897784 PMCID: PMC6470731 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB), a perennial herb, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the therapy of many diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of PDB water extract on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) group, T2D group, and PDB group (diabetic mice treated with PDB water extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that PDB significantly decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Further investigation showed that PDB significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in fecal samples of diabetic mice. In addition, PDB notably alleviated intestinal inflammation as evidenced by decreased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines. PDB also reversed the decreased expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins including Claudin3, ZO-1, and Occludin. Meanwhile, the levels of fecal acetic acid and butyric acid and their specific receptors including G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and 43 expression in the colon were also increased after PDB treatment. Our results indicated that PDB might serve as a potential functional ingredient against diabetes and related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Rui Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Biyuan Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Progress in the discovery of naturally occurring anti-diabetic drugs and in the identification of their molecular targets. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:270-289. [PMID: 30840917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, severely affects patients' life and intensively increases risks of developing other diseases. It is estimated that 0.4 billion individuals worldwide are subjected to diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present, although various synthetic drugs for diabetes such as Alogliptin and Rosiglitazone, etc. have been used to manage diabetes, some of them showed severe side effects. Given that the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, natural occurring drugs are beneficial alternatives for diabetes therapy with low adverse effects or toxicity. Recently, more and more plant-derived extracts or compounds were evaluated to have anti-diabetic activities. Their anti-diabetic mechanisms involve certain key targets like α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPP-4, PPAR γ, PTP1B, and GLUT4, etc. Here, we summarize the newly found anti-diabetic (type 2 diabetes mellitus) natural compounds and extracts from 2011-2017, and give the identification of their molecular targets. This review could provide references for the research of natural agents curing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activity of the roots of Calanthe fimbriata Franch. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gut Microbiota, a Potential New Target for Chinese Herbal Medicines in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2634898. [PMID: 30906411 PMCID: PMC6398116 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2634898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, as an important factor affecting host health, plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the mechanism may be related to excessive endotoxins, altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and disordered bile acid metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating DM, but its mechanism is not very clear. Recent research has suggested that Chinese herbal medicine can improve glucose metabolism by remodeling the gut microbiota, which opens new avenues for further research on hypoglycemic mechanisms. This review presents the recent progress of Chinese herbs, herbal extracts, and herbal compound preparations in treating DM through regulating the gut microbiota and summarizes the main mechanisms involved, namely, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, protecting the intestinal barrier and inhibiting lipotoxicity. In addition, some suggestions for improvement are also proposed.
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A polysaccharide extracted from Astragalus membranaceus residue improves cognitive dysfunction by altering gut microbiota in diabetic mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:500-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hot water extraction and artificial simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat germ polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wan YJ, Shi HF, Xu R, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xiong T, Xie MY. Origin of Hypoglycemic Benefits of Probiotic-Fermented Carrot Pulp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:895-904. [PMID: 30608159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that probiotic-fermented carrot pulp has a beneficial effect in reducing blood glucose, more so than unfermented pulp. This paper explores the reason for this by looking at fermentation-induced changes in nutritional components and hypoglycemic effects of its polysaccharides. Micronutrient content showed minor changes, except for titratable acidity. Fat and protein decreased, while total carbohydrates increased. These polysaccharides are pectinic, and the number of total polysaccharides rose after fermentation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology changed from filamentous solid to spiral. The molecular weight of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) diminished after fermentation, while those of acid- and alkali-soluble polysaccharides increased. WSP had stronger hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in vitro, and WSP from probiotic-fermented carrot pulps showed better hypoglycemic effects than WSP from non-fermented carrot pulps in animal experiments. Thus, the fermentation-induced improvement in diabetes control from fermented carrot pulp probably arises from its WSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
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