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Gao C, Wang Z, Liu X, Sun R, Ma S, Ma Z, Wang Q, Li G, Zhang HT. The Construction and Application of a New Screening Method for Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:252. [PMID: 38785726 PMCID: PMC11117652 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), are recognized as a therapeutic target for various diseases. However, the current screening methods for PDE inhibitors usually experience problems due to complex operations and/or high costs, which are not conducive to drug development in respect of this target. In this study, a new method for screening PDE inhibitors based on GloSensor technology was successfully established and applied, resulting in the discovery of several novel compounds of different structural types with PDE inhibitory activity. Compared with traditional screening methods, this method is low-cost, capable of dynamically detecting changes in substrate concentration in live cells, and can be used to preliminarily determine the type of PDEs affected by the detected active compounds, making it more suitable for high-throughput screening for PDE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Rongzhen Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shengyao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Zongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China; (C.G.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
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2
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Li Q, Liao Q, Qi S, Huang H, He S, Lyu W, Liang J, Qin H, Cheng Z, Yu F, Dong X, Wang Z, Han L, Han Y. Opportunities and perspectives of small molecular phosphodiesterase inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116386. [PMID: 38614063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). PDE inhibition promotes the gene transcription by activating cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), initiating gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The procedure exerts neuroprotective profile, and motor and cognitive improving efficacy. From this point of view, PDE inhibition will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we summarized the PDE inhibitors that have entered the clinical trials or been discovered in recent five years. Well-designed clinical or preclinical investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of PDE inhibitors, such as decreasing Aβ oligomerization and tau phosphorylation, alleviating neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating neuronal plasticity and improving long-term cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 256699, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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3
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Delhaye S, Jarjat M, Boulksibat A, Sanchez C, Tempio A, Turtoi A, Giorgi M, Lacas-Gervais S, Baj G, Rovere C, Trezza V, Pellegrini M, Maurin T, Lalli E, Bardoni B. Defects in AMPAR trafficking and microglia activation underlie socio-cognitive deficits associated to decreased expression of phosphodiesterase 2 a. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106393. [PMID: 38154608 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2 A (PDE2A) is an enzyme involved in the homeostasis of cAMP and cGMP and is the most highly expressed PDE in human brain regions critical for socio-cognitive behavior. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, PDE2A expression level is upregulated in Fmr1-KO mice, a model of the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indeed, PDE2A translation is negatively modulated by FMRP, whose functional absence causes FXS. While the pharmacological inhibition of PDE2A has been associated to its pro-cognitive role in normal animals and in models of ID and ASD, homozygous PDE2A mutations have been identified in patients affected by ID, ASD and epilepsy. To clarify this apparent paradox about the role of PDE2A in brain development, we characterized here Pde2a+/- mice (homozygote animals being not viable) at the behavioral, cellular, molecular and electrophysiological levels. Pde2a+/- females display a milder form of the disorder with reduced cognitive performance in adulthood, conversely males show severe socio-cognitive deficits throughout their life. In males, these phenotypes are associated with microglia activation, elevated glutathione levels and increased externalization of Glutamate receptor (GluR1) in CA1, producing reduced mGluR-dependent Long-term Depression. Overall, our results reveal molecular targets of the PDE2A-dependent pathway underlying socio-cognitive performance. These results clarify the mechanism of action of pro-cognitive drugs based on PDE2A inactivation, which have been shown to be promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, FXS as well as other forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Delhaye
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Marielle Jarjat
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Asma Boulksibat
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Alessandra Tempio
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, DAHFMO, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Gabriele Baj
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carole Rovere
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, DAHFMO, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Maurin
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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5
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Wenzel B, Fritzsche SR, Toussaint M, Briel D, Kopka K, Brust P, Scheunemann M, Deuther-Conrad W. Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of an 18F-Labeled Triazolopyridopyrazine-Based Inhibitor for Neuroimaging of the Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101272. [PMID: 36297384 PMCID: PMC9609767 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A is an intracellular enzyme which hydrolyzes the secondary messengers cAMP and cGMP and therefore plays an important role in signaling cascades. A high expression in distinct brain areas as well as in cancer cells makes PDE2A an interesting therapeutic and diagnostic target for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as for cancer. Aiming at specific imaging of this enzyme in the brain with positron emission tomography (PET), a new triazolopyridopyrazine-based derivative (11) was identified as a potent PDE2A inhibitor (IC50, PDE2A = 1.99 nM; IC50, PDE10A ~2000 nM) and has been radiofluorinated for biological evaluation. In vitro autoradiographic studies revealed that [18F]11 binds with high affinity and excellent specificity towards PDE2A in the rat brain. For the PDE2A-rich region nucleus caudate and putamen an apparent KD value of 0.24 nM and an apparent Bmax value of 16 pmol/mg protein were estimated. In vivo PET-MR studies in rats showed a moderate brain uptake of [18F]11 with a highest standardized uptake value (SUV) of 0.97. However, no considerable enrichment in PDE2A-specific regions in comparison to a reference region was detectable (SUVcaudate putamen = 0.51 vs. SUVcerebellum = 0.40 at 15 min p.i.). Furthermore, metabolism studies revealed a considerable uptake of radiometabolites of [18F]11 in the brain (66% parent fraction at 30 min p.i.). Altogether, despite the low specificity and the blood−brain barrier crossing of radiometabolites observed in vivo, [18F]11 is a valuable imaging probe for the in vitro investigation of PDE2A in the brain and has potential as a lead compound for further development of a PDE2A-specific PET ligand for neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (W.D.-C.)
| | - Stefan R. Fritzsche
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlef Briel
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (W.D.-C.)
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6
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Xi M, Sun T, Chai S, Xie M, Chen S, Deng L, Du K, Shen R, Sun H. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for cognitive amelioration in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Kurelic R, Krieg PF, Sonner JK, Bhaiyan G, Ramos GC, Frantz S, Friese MA, Nikolaev VO. Upregulation of Phosphodiesterase 2A Augments T Cell Activation by Changing cGMP/cAMP Cross-Talk. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748798. [PMID: 34675812 PMCID: PMC8523859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well-known for its diverse immunomodulatory properties, primarily inhibitory effects during T cell activation, proliferation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A decrease in cAMP levels, due to the hydrolyzing activity of phosphodiesterases (PDE), is favoring inflammatory responses. This can be prevented by selective PDE inhibitors, which makes PDEs important therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of PDE2A and PDE3B in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels in different mouse T cell subsets. Unexpectedly, T cell receptor (TCR) activation led to a selective upregulation of PDE2A at the protein level in conventional T cells (Tcon), whereas no changes were detected in regulatory T cells (Treg). In contrast, protein expression of PDE3B was significantly higher in both non-activated and activated Tcon subsets as compared to Treg, with no changes upon TCR engagement. Live-cell imaging of T cells expressing a highly sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, has enabled cAMP measurements in real time and revealed stronger responses to the PDE2A inhibitors in activated vs non-activated Tcon. Importantly, stimulation of intracellular cGMP levels with natriuretic peptides led to an increase of cAMP in non-activated and a decrease of cAMP in activated Tcon, suggesting that TCR activation changes the PDE3B-dependent positive to PDE2A-dependent negative cGMP/cAMP cross-talk. Functionally, this switch induced higher expression of early activation markers CD25 and CD69. This constitutes a potentially interesting feed-forward mechanism during autoimmune and inflammatory responses that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Kurelic
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula F Krieg
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Bhaiyan
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo C Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Bantzi M, Augsburger F, Loup J, Berset Y, Vasilakaki S, Myrianthopoulos V, Mikros E, Szabo C, Bochet CG. Novel Aryl-Substituted Pyrimidones as Inhibitors of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase with Antiproliferative Efficacy in Colon Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6221-6240. [PMID: 33856792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is one of the more recently identified mammalian sources of H2S. A recent study identified several novel 3-MST inhibitors with micromolar potency. Among those, (2-[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-one) or HMPSNE was found to be the most potent and selective. We now took the central core of this compound and modified the pyrimidone and the arylketone sides independently. A 63-compound library was synthesized; compounds were tested for H2S generation from recombinant 3-MST in vitro. Active compounds were subsequently tested to elucidate their potency and selectivity. Computer modeling studies have delineated some of the key structural features necessary for binding to the 3-MST's active site. Six novel 3-MST inhibitors were tested in cell-based assays: they exerted inhibitory effects in murine MC38 and CT26 colon cancer cell proliferation; the antiproliferative effect of the compound with the highest potency and best cell-based activity (1b) was also confirmed on the growth of MC38 tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bantzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Loup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yan Berset
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Vasilakaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Schröder S, Scheunemann M, Wenzel B, Brust P. Challenges on Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: Novel Radioligands and (Pre-)Clinical Insights since 2016. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083832. [PMID: 33917199 PMCID: PMC8068090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent one of the key targets in the research field of intracellular signaling related to the second messenger molecules cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Hence, non-invasive imaging of this enzyme class by positron emission tomography (PET) using appropriate isoform-selective PDE radioligands is gaining importance. This methodology enables the in vivo diagnosis and staging of numerous diseases associated with altered PDE density or activity in the periphery and the central nervous system as well as the translational evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors as therapeutics. In this follow-up review, we summarize the efforts in the development of novel PDE radioligands and highlight (pre-)clinical insights from PET studies using already known PDE radioligands since 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
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10
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Foley TL, Burchett W, Chen Q, Flanagan ME, Kapinos B, Li X, Montgomery JI, Ratnayake AS, Zhu H, Peakman MC. Selecting Approaches for Hit Identification and Increasing Options by Building the Efficient Discovery of Actionable Chemical Matter from DNA-Encoded Libraries. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:263-280. [PMID: 33412987 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220979589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the toolbox for discovering small-molecule therapeutic starting points has expanded considerably. Pharmaceutical researchers can now choose from technologies that, in addition to traditional high-throughput knowledge-based and diversity screening, now include the screening of fragment and fragment-like libraries, affinity selection mass spectrometry, and selection against DNA-encoded libraries (DELs). Each of these techniques has its own unique combination of advantages and limitations that makes them more, or less, suitable for different target classes or discovery objectives, such as desired mechanism of action. Layered on top of this are the constraints of the drug-hunters themselves, including budgets, timelines, and available platform capacity; each of these can play a part in dictating the hit identification strategy for a discovery program. In this article, we discuss some of the factors that we use to govern our building of a hit identification roadmap for a program and describe the increasing role that DELs are playing in our discovery strategy. Furthermore, we share our learning during our initial exploration of DEL and highlight the approaches we have evolved to maximize the value returned from DEL selections. Topics addressed include the optimization of library design and production, reagent validation, data analysis, and hit confirmation. We describe how our thinking in these areas has led us to build a DEL platform that has begun to deliver tractable matter to our global discovery portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiuxia Chen
- Lead Generation Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Shuangliu District, China
| | | | | | - Xianyang Li
- Lead Generation Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Shuangliu District, China
| | | | | | - Hongyao Zhu
- Simulation and Modelling Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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11
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Tresadern G, Velter I, Trabanco AA, Van den Keybus F, Macdonald GJ, Somers MVF, Vanhoof G, Leonard PM, Lamers MBAC, Van Roosbroeck YEM, Buijnsters PJJA. [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors: Structure and Free-Energy Perturbation-Guided Exploration. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12887-12910. [PMID: 33105987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the hit-to-lead exploration of a [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor arising from high-throughput screening. X-ray crystallography enabled structure-guided design, leading to the identification of preferred substructural components. Further rounds of optimization used relative binding free-energy calculations to prioritize different substituents from the large accessible chemical space. The free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations were performed for 265 putative PDE2A inhibitors, and 100 compounds were synthesized representing a relatively large prospective application providing unexpectedly active molecules with IC50's from 2340 to 0.89 nM. Lead compound 46 originating from the FEP calculations showed PDE2A inhibition IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.39 nM, ∼100-fold selectivity versus other PDE enzymes, clean cytochrome P450 profile, in vivo target occupancy, and promise for further lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Velter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S. A., Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Frans Van den Keybus
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marijke V F Somers
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Greet Vanhoof
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Philip M Leonard
- Structural Biology, Charles River Discovery (Previously BioFocus), Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL Essex, U.K
| | - Marieke B A C Lamers
- Structural Biology, Charles River Discovery (Previously BioFocus), Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL Essex, U.K
| | | | - Peter J J A Buijnsters
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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12
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Sadek MS, Cachorro E, El-Armouche A, Kämmerer S. Therapeutic Implications for PDE2 and cGMP/cAMP Mediated Crosstalk in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7462. [PMID: 33050419 PMCID: PMC7590001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the principal superfamily of enzymes responsible for degrading the secondary messengers 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Their refined subcellular localization and substrate specificity contribute to finely regulate cAMP/cGMP gradients in various cellular microdomains. Redistribution of multiple signal compartmentalization components is often perceived under pathological conditions. Thereby PDEs have long been pursued as therapeutic targets in diverse disease conditions including neurological, metabolic, cancer and autoimmune disorders in addition to numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). PDE2 is a unique member of the broad family of PDEs. In addition to its capability to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, PDE2 is the sole isoform that may be allosterically activated by cGMP increasing its cAMP hydrolyzing activity. Within the cardiovascular system, PDE2 serves as an integral regulator for the crosstalk between cAMP/cGMP pathways and thereby may couple chronically adverse augmented cAMP signaling with cardioprotective cGMP signaling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDE2 regulatory functions in multiple cellular components within the cardiovascular system and also within various subcellular microdomains. Implications for PDE2- mediated crosstalk mechanisms in diverse cardiovascular pathologies are discussed highlighting the prospective use of PDE2 as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
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13
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Baillie GS, Tejeda GS, Kelly MP. Therapeutic targeting of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: inhibition and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:770-796. [PMID: 31388135 PMCID: PMC6773486 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that degrade 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides, are being pursued as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including those affecting the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, fertility, immunity, cancer and metabolism. Clinical development programmes have focused exclusively on catalytic inhibition, which continues to be a strong focus of ongoing drug discovery efforts. However, emerging evidence supports novel strategies to therapeutically target PDE function, including enhancing catalytic activity, normalizing altered compartmentalization and modulating post-translational modifications, as well as the potential use of PDEs as disease biomarkers. Importantly, a more refined appreciation of the intramolecular mechanisms regulating PDE function and trafficking is emerging, making these pioneering drug discovery efforts tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gonzalo S Tejeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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14
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Bauer CA. How to Model Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Strengths with Quantum Chemistry. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3735-3743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Ritawidya R, Ludwig FA, Briel D, Brust P, Scheunemann M. Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of 8-Pyridinyl-Substituted Benzo[ e]imidazo[2,1- c][1,2,4]triazines as Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152791. [PMID: 31370274 PMCID: PMC6696243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly expressed in distinct areas of the brain, which are known to be related to neuropsychiatric diseases. The development of suitable PDE2A tracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) would permit the in vivo imaging of the PDE2A and evaluation of disease-mediated alterations of its expression. A series of novel fluorinated PDE2A inhibitors on the basis of a Benzoimidazotriazine (BIT) scaffold was prepared leading to a prospective inhibitor for further development of a PDE2A PET imaging agent. BIT derivatives (BIT1–9) were obtained by a seven-step synthesis route, and their inhibitory potency towards PDE2A and selectivity over other PDEs were evaluated. BIT1 demonstrated much higher inhibition than other BIT derivatives (82.9% inhibition of PDE2A at 10 nM). BIT1 displayed an IC50 for PDE2A of 3.33 nM with 16-fold selectivity over PDE10A. This finding revealed that a derivative bearing both a 2-fluoro-pyridin-4-yl and 2-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl unit at the 8- and 1-position, respectively, appeared to be the most potent inhibitor. In vitro studies of BIT1 using mouse liver microsomes (MLM) disclosed BIT1 as a suitable ligand for 18F-labeling. Nevertheless, future in vivo metabolism studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rien Ritawidya
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
- Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear and Energy Agency (BATAN), Puspiptek Area, Serpong, South Tangerang, Indonesia.
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Detlef Briel
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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16
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Gu G, Scott T, Yan Y, Warren N, Zhang A, Tabatabaei A, Xu H, Aertgeerts K, Gomez L, Morse A, Li YW, Breitenbucher JG, Massari E, Vivian J, Danks A. Target Engagement of a Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor Affecting Long-Term Memory in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:399-407. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Bauer CA, Schneider G, Göller AH. Gaussian Process Regression Models for the Prediction of Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Strengths. Mol Inform 2018; 38:e1800115. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Bauer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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18
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Stachel SJ, Berger R, Nomland AB, Ginnetti AT, Paone DV, Wang D, Puri V, Lange H, Drott J, Lu J, Marcus J, Dwyer MP, Suon S, Uslaner JM, Smith SM. Structure-Guided Design and Procognitive Assessment of a Potent and Selective Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:815-820. [PMID: 30128073 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the development of a series of pyrazolopyrimidinone phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2) inhibitors using structure-guided lead identification and design. The series was derived from informed chemotype replacement based on previously identified internal leads. The initially designed compound 3, while potent on PDE2, displayed unsatisfactory selectivity against the other PDE2 isoforms. Compound 3 was subsequently optimized for improved PDE2 activity and isoform selectivity. Insights into the origins of PDE2 selectivity are described and verified using cocrystallography. An optimized lead, 4, demonstrated improved performance in both a rodent and a nonhuman primate cognition model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J. Stachel
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Richard Berger
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ashley B. Nomland
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Daniel V. Paone
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Deping Wang
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Vanita Puri
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Henry Lange
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason Drott
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jacob Marcus
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael P. Dwyer
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sokreine Suon
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason M. Uslaner
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sean M. Smith
- Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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