1
|
Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baidya AT, Deshwal S, Das B, Mathew AT, Devi B, Sandhir R, Kumar R. Catalyzing a Cure: Discovery and development of LRRK2 inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106972. [PMID: 37995640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of research, no effective disease modifying therapeutics have reached clinics for treatment/management of PD. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) which controls membrane trafficking and lysosomal function and its variant LRRK2-G2019S are involved in the development of both familial and sporadic PD. LRRK2, is therefore considered as a legitimate target for the development of therapeutics against PD. During the last decade, efforts have been made to develop effective, safe and selective LRRK2 inhibitors and also our understanding about LRRK2 has progressed. However, there is an urge to learn from the previously designed and reported LRRK2 inhibitors in order to effectively approach designing of new LRRK2 inhibitors. In this review, we have aimed to cover the pre-clinical studies undertaken to develop small molecule LRRK2 inhibitors by screening the patents and other available literature in the last decade. We have highlighted LRRK2 as targets in the progress of PD and subsequently covered detailed design, synthesis and development of diverse scaffolds as LRRK2 inhibitors. Moreover, LRRK2 inhibitors under clinical development has also been discussed. LRRK2 inhibitors seem to be potential targets for future therapeutic interventions in the treatment and management of PD and this review can act as a cynosure for guiding discovery, design, and development of selective and non-toxic LRRK2 inhibitors. Although, there might be challenges in developing effective LRRK2 inhibitors, the opportunity to successfully develop novel therapeutics targeting LRRK2 against PD has never been greater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Tk Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Sonam Deshwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Alen T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benítez‐Fernández R, Josa‐Prado F, Sánchez E, Lao Y, García‐Rubia A, Cumella J, Martínez A, Palomo V, de Castro F. Efficacy of a benzothiazole-based LRRK2 inhibitor in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14552. [PMID: 38287523 PMCID: PMC10808848 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that currently lacks effective curative treatments. There is a need to find effective therapies, especially to reverse the progressive demyelination and neuronal damage. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo mechanisms that enable spontaneously the partial repair of damaged lesions. The aim of this study was to discover small molecules with potential effects in demyelinating diseases, including (re)myelinating properties. METHODS Recently, it has been shown how LRRK2 inhibition promotes oligodendrogliogenesis and therefore an efficient repair or myelin damaged lesions. Here we explored small molecules inhibiting LRRK2 as potential enhancers of primary OPCs proliferation and differentiation, and their potential impact on the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitys (EAE) mice, a validated model of the most frequent clinical form of MS, relapsing-remitting MS. RESULTS One of the LRRK2 inhibitors presented in this study promoted the proliferation and differentiation of OPC primary cultures. When tested in the EAE murine model of MS, it exerted a statistically significant reduction of the clinical burden of the animals, and histological evidence revealed how the treated animals presented a reduced lesion area in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a small molecule with LRRK2 inhibition properties presented (re)myelinating properties in primary OPCs cultures and potentially in the in vivo murine model. This study provides an in vivo proof of concept for a LRRK2 inhibitor, confirming its potential for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Benítez‐Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas‐CSICMadridSpain
- Instituto Cajal‐CSICMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas‐CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios AvanzadosIMDEA NanocienciaMadridSpain
- Unidad de Nanobiotecnología Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh V, Menard MA, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Zhao HT, Riley-DiPaolo A, Subrahmanian N, LaVoie MJ, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Cellular and subcellular localization of Rab10 and phospho-T73 Rab10 in the mouse and human brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:201. [PMID: 38110990 PMCID: PMC10726543 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant pathogenic mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease (PD). The most common mutation, G2019S-LRRK2, increases the kinase activity of LRRK2 causing hyper-phosphorylation of its substrates. One of these substrates, Rab10, is phosphorylated at a conserved Thr73 residue (pRab10), and is one of the most abundant LRRK2 Rab GTPases expressed in various tissues. The involvement of Rab10 in neurodegenerative disease, including both PD and Alzheimer's disease makes pinpointing the cellular and subcellular localization of Rab10 and pRab10 in the brain an important step in understanding its functional role, and how post-translational modifications could impact function. To establish the specificity of antibodies to the phosphorylated form of Rab10 (pRab10), Rab10 specific antisense oligonucleotides were intraventricularly injected into the brains of mice. Further, Rab10 knock out induced neurons, differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells were used to test the pRab10 antibody specificity. To amplify the weak immunofluorescence signal of pRab10, tyramide signal amplification was utilized. Rab10 and pRab10 were expressed in the cortex, striatum and the substantia nigra pars compacta. Immunofluorescence for pRab10 was increased in G2019S-LRRK2 knockin mice. Neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes all showed Rab10 and pRab10 expression. While Rab10 colocalized with endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome and trans-Golgi network markers, pRab10 did not localize to these organelles. However, pRab10, did overlap with markers of the presynaptic terminal in both mouse and human cortex, including α-synuclein. Results from this study suggest Rab10 and pRab10 are expressed in all brain areas and cell types tested in this study, but pRab10 is enriched at the presynaptic terminal. As Rab10 is a LRRK2 kinase substrate, increased kinase activity of G2019S-LRRK2 in PD may affect Rab10 mediated membrane trafficking at the presynaptic terminal in neurons in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Marissa A Menard
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Hien T Zhao
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Alexis Riley-DiPaolo
- Department of Neuroscience at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nitya Subrahmanian
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Fixel Institute for Neurologic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Matthew J LaVoie
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Fixel Institute for Neurologic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao R, Chen C, Wen J, Zhao W, Zhang C, Sun L, Yuan L, Wu C, Shan L, Xi M, Sun H. Recent advances in targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 as a potential strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106906. [PMID: 37837728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Several single gene mutations involved in PD have been identified such as leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), the most common cause of sporadic and familial PD. Its mutations have attracted much attention to therapeutically targeting this kinase. To date, many compounds including small chemical molecules with diverse scaffolds and RNA agents have been developed with significant amelioration in preclinical PD models. Currently, five candidates, DNL201, DNL151, WXWH0226, NEU-723 and BIIB094, have advanced to clinical trials for PD treatment. In this review, we describe the structure, pathogenic mutations and the mechanism of LRRK2, and summarize the development of LRRK2 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies, trying to provide an insight into targeting LRRK2 for PD intervention in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Cao
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Weihe Zhao
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | | | - Longhui Sun
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Liyan Yuan
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Meiyang Xi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu J, Zhang D, Tian K, Ren C, Li H, Lin C, Huang X, Liu J, Mao W, Zhang J. Small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors for PD therapy: Current achievements and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115475. [PMID: 37201428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates a diverse array of cellular processes, including vesicle transport, autophagy, lysosome degradation, neurotransmission, and mitochondrial activity. Hyperactivation of LRRK2 triggers vesicle transport dysfunction, neuroinflammation, accumulation of α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the loss of cilia, ultimately leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, targeting LRRK2 protein is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. The clinical translation of LRRK2 inhibitors was historically impeded by issues surrounding tissue specificity. Recent studies have identified LRRK2 inhibitors that have no effect on peripheral tissues. Currently, there are four small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials. This review provides a summary of the structure and biological functions of LRRK2, along with an overview of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of small-molecule inhibitors targeting LRRK2. It offers valuable references for developing novel drugs targeting LRRK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang X, Xing S, Ma M, Xu Z, Guan Q, Chen Y, Feng F, Liu W, Chen T, Chen Y, Sun H. The Development and Design Strategy of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Inhibitors: Promising Therapeutic Agents for Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2282-2307. [PMID: 36758171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factor for PD. Elevated LRRK2 kinase activity is found in idiopathic and familial PD cases. LRRK2 mutations are involved in multiple PD pathogeneses, including dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, ciliogenesis, etc. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological function, structure, and mutations of LRRK2. We also examine recent advances and challenges in developing LRRK2 inhibitors and address prospective protein-based targeting strategies. The binding mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic features of inhibitors are emphasized to provide a comprehensive compendium on the rational design of LRRK2 inhibitors. We hope that this publication can serve as a guide for designing novel LRRK2 inhibitors based on the summarized facts and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Huai'an 223005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingkai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park H, Kim T, Kim K, Jang A, Hong S. Structure-Based Virtual Screening and De Novo Design to Identify Submicromolar Inhibitors of G2019S Mutant of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12825. [PMID: 36361616 PMCID: PMC9654793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), including the G2019S mutant, are responsible for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In this work, structure-based virtual screening of a large chemical library was carried out to identify a number of novel inhibitors of the G2019S mutant of LRRK2, the biochemical potencies of which ranged from the low micromolar to the submicromolar level. The discovery of these potent inhibitors was made possible due to the modification of the original protein-ligand binding energy function in order to include an accurate ligand dehydration energy term. The results of extensive molecular docking simulations indicated that the newly identified inhibitors were bound to the ATP-binding site of the G2019S mutant of LRRK2 through the multiple hydrogen bonds with backbone amide groups in the hinge region as well as the hydrophobic interactions with the nonpolar residues in the P-loop, hinge region, and interdomain region. Among 18 inhibitors derived from virtual screening, 4-(2-amino-5-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (Inhibitor 2) is most likely to serve as a new molecular scaffold to optimize the biochemical potency, because it revealed submicromolar inhibitory activity in spite of its low molecular weight (279.3 amu). Indeed, a highly potent inhibitor (Inhibitor 2n) of the G2019S mutant was derived via the structure-based de novo design using the structure of Inhibitor 2 as the molecular core. The biochemical potency of Inhibitor 2n surged to the nanomolar level due to the strengthening of hydrophobic interactions in the ATP-binding site, which were presumably caused by the substitutions of small nonpolar moieties. Due to the high biochemical potency against the G2019S mutant of LRRK2 and the putatively good physicochemical properties, Inhibitor 2n is anticipated to serve as a new lead compound for the discovery of antiparkinsonian medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Kewon Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Jang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nozal V, García‐Rubia A, Cuevas EP, Pérez C, Tosat‐Bitrián C, Bartolomé F, Carro E, Ramírez D, Palomo V, Martínez A. From Kinase Inhibitors to Multitarget Ligands as Powerful Drug Leads for Alzheimer's Disease using Protein-Templated Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19344-19354. [PMID: 34169618 PMCID: PMC8457121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) are arising as promising tools to tackle complex diseases. The main goal of this work is to create powerful modulating agents for neurodegenerative disorders. To achieve this aim, we have combined fragments that inhibit key protein kinases involved in the main pathomolecular pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as tau aggregation, neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis, whilst looking for a third action in beta-secretase (BACE1), responsible of β-amyloid production. We obtained well-balanced MTDLs with in vitro activity in three different relevant targets and efficacy in two cellular models of AD. Furthermore, computational studies confirmed how these compounds accommodate adequately into the long and rather narrow BACE1 catalytic site. Finally, we employed in situ click chemistry using BACE1 as protein template as a versatile synthetic tool that allowed us to obtain further MTDLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nozal
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| | - Alfonso García‐Rubia
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos III28031MadridSpain
| | - Eva P. Cuevas
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica-CSIC)Juan de la Cierva 328006MadridSpain
| | - Carlota Tosat‐Bitrián
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12)Group of Neurodegenerative DiseasesJuan de la Cierva 328006MadridSpain
| | - Eva Carro
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12)Group of Neurodegenerative DiseasesJuan de la Cierva 328006MadridSpain
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad Autónoma de ChileLlano Subercaseaux2801—piso 6SantiagoChile
| | - Valle Palomo
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos III28031MadridSpain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Structural and Chemical Biology DepartmentCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos III28031MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nozal V, García‐Rubia A, Cuevas EP, Pérez C, Tosat‐Bitrián C, Bartolomé F, Carro E, Ramírez D, Palomo V, Martínez A. From Kinase Inhibitors to Multitarget Ligands as Powerful Drug Leads for Alzheimer's Disease using Protein‐Templated Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nozal
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alfonso García‐Rubia
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28031 Madrid Spain
| | - Eva P. Cuevas
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlota Tosat‐Bitrián
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12) Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12) Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Autónoma de Chile Llano Subercaseaux 2801—piso 6 Santiago Chile
| | - Valle Palomo
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28031 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28031 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aït Amiri S, Deboux C, Soualmia F, Chaaya N, Louet M, Duplus E, Betuing S, Nait Oumesmar B, Masurier N, El Amri C. Identification of First-in-Class Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 That Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5667-5688. [PMID: 33949859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes severe motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)6 is the most abundant serine protease secreted in the CNS, mainly by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS, and KLK6 is assumed to be a robust biomarker of MS, since it is highly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. Here, we report the design and biological evaluation of KLK6's low-molecular-weight inhibitors, para-aminobenzyl derivatives. Interestingly, selected hit compounds were selective of the KLK6 proteolytic network encompassing KLK1 and plasmin that also participate in the development of MS physiopathology. Moreover, hits were found noncytotoxic on primary cultures of murine neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Among them, two compounds (32 and 42) were shown to promote the differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro constituting thus emerging leads for the development of regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Aït Amiri
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7725, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Feryel Soualmia
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Nancy Chaaya
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Louet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Duplus
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8246-CNRS/INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7725, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|