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Guo Y, He X, Williams GR, Zhou Y, Liao X, Xiao Z, Yu C, Liu Y. Tumor microenvironment-responsive hyperbranched polymers for controlled drug delivery. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:101003. [PMID: 39831051 PMCID: PMC11742316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have drawn great interest in the biomedical field on account of their special morphology, low viscosity, self-regulation, and facile preparation methods. Moreover, their large intramolecular cavities, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeting properties render them very suitable for anti-tumor drug delivery. Recently, exploiting the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, a range of multifunctional HBPs responsive to the tumor microenvironment have emerged. By further introducing various types of drugs through physical embedding or chemical coupling, the resulting HBPs based delivery systems have played a crucial part in improving drug stability, increasing effective drug concentration, decreasing drug toxicity and side effects, and enhancing anti-tumor effect. Here, based on different types of tumor microenvironment stimulation signals such as pH, redox, temperature, etc., we systematically review the preparation and response mechanism of HBPs, summarize the latest advances in drug delivery applications, and analyze the challenges and future research directions for such nanomaterials in biomedical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinni He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | | | - Yue Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinying Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ziyi Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Cuiyun Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N1AX, UK
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Gralewska P, Gajek A, Marczak A, Rogalska A. Targeted Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Strategies for Improving the Therapeutic Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors against Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8304. [PMID: 39125873 PMCID: PMC11312858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The current focus of ovarian cancer (OC) research is the improvement of treatment options through maximising drug effectiveness. OC remains the fifth leading cause of cancer-induced mortality in women worldwide. In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionised drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles may be utilised as carriers in gene therapy or to overcome the problem of drug resistance in tumours by limiting the number of free drugs in circulation and thereby minimising undesired adverse effects. Cell surface receptors, such as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), folic acid (FA) receptors, CD44 (also referred to as homing cell adhesion molecule, HCAM), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. Generation of active targeting nanoparticles involves modification with ligands that recognise cell surface receptors and thereby promote internalisation by cancer cells. Several poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are currently used for the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) or platinum-sensitive relapsed OC. However, PARP resistance and poor drug bioavailability are common challenges, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel, effective strategies for ovarian cancer treatment. This review evaluates the utility of nanoparticles in ovarian cancer therapy, with a specific focus on targeted approaches and the use of PARPi nanocarriers to optimise treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90–236 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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3
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Rajbanshi A, Hilton E, Dreiss CA, Murnane D, Cook MT. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineered Emulsions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300723. [PMID: 38395416 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Emulsions are complex. Dispersing two immiscible phases, thus expanding an interface, requires effort to achieve and the resultant dispersion is thermodynamically unstable, driving the system toward coalescence. Furthermore, physical instabilities, including creaming, arise due to presence of dispersed droplets of different densities to a continuous phase. Emulsions allow the formulation of oils, can act as vehicles to solubilize both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules, and can be tailored to desirable rheological profiles, including "gel-like" behavior and shear thinning. The usefulness of emulsions can be further expanded by imparting stimuli-responsive or "smart" behaviors by inclusion of a stimuli-responsive emulsifier, polymer or surfactant. This enables manipulation like gelation, breaking, or aggregation, by external triggers such as pH, temperature, or salt concentration changes. This platform generates functional materials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oil recovery, and colloid engineering, combining both smart behaviors and intrinsic benefit of emulsions. However, with increased functionality comes greater complexity. This review focuses on the use of stimuli-responsive polymers for the generation of smart emulsions, motivated by the great adaptability of polymers for this application and their efficacy as steric stabilizers. Stimuli-responsive emulsions are described according to the trigger used to provide the reader with an overview of progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Rajbanshi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Eleanor Hilton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Darragh Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Michael T Cook
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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4
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Zhou Z, Luo N, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Hyperbranched Polymers for Organic Semiconductors. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300261. [PMID: 37377071 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their distinct highly branched topological structures, resulting in unique properties and wide applications in organic semiconductors (OSCs). In this Review, recent progress in functional HBPs is outlined in the field of OSCs, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and organic field effect transistors (OFETs), among others. Prospects of HBPs-based materials in OSCs are examined. The results revealed that multi-dimensional topologies not only regulate the electron (hole) transport but also adjust the film morphology, thereby affecting the efficiency and long life of organic electronic devices. Many studies showed the usefulness of HBPs as hole transport materials but reports dealing with n-type and ambipolar materials are still lacking. In addition, the interchain covalent bond in hyperbranched polymers could mitigate the damage caused by stretching, conducive to building stable flexible stretchable devices with long-term durability and good safety under harsh environmental conditions. Overall, the flexible stretchable design may enrich the applications of HBPs in organic semiconductors and provide new ideas for guiding the future design of functional organic semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Nan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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Shi X, Tian Y, Zhai S, Liu Y, Chu S, Xiong Z. The progress of research on the application of redox nanomaterials in disease therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1115440. [PMID: 36814542 PMCID: PMC9939781 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance can trigger cell dysfunction and damage and plays a vital role in the origin and progression of many diseases. Maintaining the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo is a complicated and arduous task, leading to ongoing research into the construction of redox nanomaterials. Nanodrug platforms with redox characteristics can not only reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress on tissues by removing excess oxidants from the body but also have multienzyme-like activity, which can play a cytotoxic role in tumor tissues through the catalytic oxidation of their substrates to produce harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. In this review, various redox nanomaterials currently used in disease therapy are discussed, emphasizing the treatment methods and their applications in tumors and other human tissues. Finally, the limitations of the current clinical application of redox nanomaterials are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobo Zhai
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunli Chu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Shunli Chu, ; Zhengrong Xiong,
| | - Zhengrong Xiong
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China,Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Shunli Chu, ; Zhengrong Xiong,
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6
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Long M, Xu J, Fang W, Mao J, Zhang J, Liu S, Qiu L. Enhanced delivery of artesunate by stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for lung tumor therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wei X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Meng H, Wu G, Hu Y, Gao Y, Huang S, Wang W, Cheng Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Synergy between Clinical Microenvironment Targeted Nanoplatform and Near-Infrared Light Irradiation for Managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38979-38989. [PMID: 34433249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose severe threats to human health. Traditional antibiotic therapy has lost its total supremacy in this battle. Here, nanoplatforms activated by the clinical microenvironment are developed to treat P. aeruginosa infection on the basis of dynamic borate ester bonds. In this design, the nanoplatforms expose targeted groups for bacterial capture after activation by an acidic infection microenvironment, resulting in directional transport delivery of the payload to bacteria. Subsequently, the production of hyperpyrexia and reactive oxygen species enhances antibacterial efficacy without systemic toxicity. Such a formulation with a diameter less than 200 nm can eliminate biofilm up to 75%, downregulate the level of cytokines, and finally promote lung repair. Collectively, the biomimetic design with phototherapy killing capability has the potential to be an alternative strategy against chronic infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huipeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guolin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingchao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yijie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Song F, Wang Z, Gao W, Fu Y, Wu Q, Liu S. Novel Temperature/Reduction Dual-Stimulus Responsive Triblock Copolymer [P(MEO 2MA- co- OEGMA)- b-PLLA-SS-PLLA- b-P(MEO 2MA- co-OEGMA)] via a Combination of ROP and ATRP: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Self-Assembled Micelles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112482. [PMID: 33114693 PMCID: PMC7694170 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel temperature/reduction dual stimulus-responsive triblock copolymers, poly [2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate]-b-(L-polylactic acid)-SS-b-(L-polylactic acid)-b-poly[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] [P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)-b-PLLA-SS-PLLA-b-P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)] (SPMO), were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide and 2,2’-dithio diethanol (SS-DOH), and random copolymerization of MEO2MA and OEGMA monomers via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology. The chemical structures and compositions of the novel copolymers were demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molecular weights of the novel copolymers were measured by size exclusive chromatography (SEC) and proved to have a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution coefficient (ÐM ≤ 1.50). The water solubility and transmittance of the novel copolymers were tested via visual observation and UV–Vis spectroscopy, which proved the SPMO had a good hydrophilicity and suitable low critical solution temperature (LCST). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the novel polymeric micelles were determined using surface tension method and fluorescent probe technology. The particle size and morphology of the novel polymeric micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sol–gel transition behavior of the novel copolymers was studied via vial flip experiments. Finally, the hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was used to study the in vitro release behavior of the novel drug-loaded micelles. The results show that the novel polymeric micelles are expected to become a favorable drug carrier. In addition, they exhibit reductive responsiveness to the small molecule reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and temperature responsiveness with temperature changes.
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Liu H, Yao J, Guo H, Cai X, Jiang Y, Lin M, Jiang X, Leung W, Xu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanomaterials as Targeted Delivery Carriers for Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:758. [PMID: 33134254 PMCID: PMC7550754 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an alternative approach to treat tumors through reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the activated photosensitizers (PS) upon light irradiation, has attracted wide attention in recent years due to its low invasive and highly efficient features. However, the low hydrophilicity and poor targeting of PS limits the clinical application of PDT. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials represent a major class of remarkable functional nanocarriers for drug delivery. In particular, tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomaterials (TMRNs) can respond to the special pathological microenvironment in tumor tissues to release the loaded drugs, that allows them to control the release of PS within tumor tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMRNs can achieve the targeted release of PS at tumor sites, increase the concentration of PS in tumor tissues, and reduce side effects of PDT. Hence, in the present paper, we review TMRNs, mainly including pH-, redox-, enzymes-, and hypoxia-responsive smart nanomaterials, and focus on the application of these smart nanomaterials as targeted delivery carriers of PS in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further boost the development of PDT in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Asia-Pacific Institute of Aging Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Qin X, Li Y. Strategies To Design and Synthesize Polymer‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Drug‐Delivery Nanosystems. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1236-1253. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials ChemistryKey Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R.China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials ChemistryKey Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R.China
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11
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Huang Y, Yan J, Peng S, Tang Z, Tan C, Ling J, Lin W, Lin X, Zu X, Yi G. pH/Reduction Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Multi-Functional Amphiphilic Star Copolymer: Synthesis and Controlled Anti-Cancer Drug Release. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E82. [PMID: 31947729 PMCID: PMC7023672 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approach has been constructed for preparing the amphiphilic star copolymer pH/reduction stimuli-responsive cross-linked micelles (SCMs) as a smart drug delivery system for the well-controlled anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) release. The SCMs had a low CMC value of 5.3 mg/L. The blank and DOX-loaded SCMs both had a spherical shape with sizes around 100-180 nm. In addition, the good stability and well pH/reduction-sensitivity of the SCMs were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well. The SCMs owned a low release of DOX in bloodstream and normal tissues while it had a fast release in tumor higher glutathione (GSH) concentration and/or lower pH value conditions, which demonstrates their pH/reduction dual-responsiveness. Furthermore, we conducted the thermodynamic analysis to study the interactions between the DOX and polymer micelles in the DOX release process. The values of the thermodynamic parameters at pH 7.4 and at pH 5.0 conditions indicated that the DOX release was endothermic and controlled mainly by the forces of an electrostatic interaction. At pH 5.0 with 10 mM GSH condition, electrostatic interaction, chemical bond, and hydrophobic interactions contributed together on DOX release. With the low cytotoxicity of blank SCMs and well cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded SCMs, the results indicated that the SCMs could form a smart cancer microenvironment-responsive drug delivery system. The release kinetic and thermodynamic analysis offer a theoretical foundation for the interaction between drug molecules and polymer matrices, which helps provide a roadmap for the oriented design and control of anti-cancer drug release for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingye Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zilun Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiying Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiabao Ling
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xihong Zu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Shi H, Xu M, Zhu J, Li Y, He Z, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Niu Y, Liu Y. Programmed co-delivery of platinum nanodrugs and gemcitabine by a clustered nanocarrier for precision chemotherapy for NSCLC tumors. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:332-342. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A pH/redox dual stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticles are demonstrated as vehicle for simultaneously delivering ultra-small platinum nanoparticles (USPtNs) and gemcitabine (GEM) to treat non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Shi
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zhongda Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- School of Public Health
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- China
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- China
| | - Qunwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- China
| | - Yimin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zhongda Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- China
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13
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Dong Y, Du P, Pei M, Liu P. Design, postpolymerization conjugation and self-assembly of a di-block copolymer-based prodrug for tumor intracellular acid-triggered DOX release. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5640-5647. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel di-block copolymer-based prodrug was designed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with a polyethylene glycol-based initiator (PEG-Br), postpolymerization aldehyde-modification, and doxorubicin (DOX) conjugation via an acid-labile imine bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
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14
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Liu P. Redox- and pH-responsive polymeric nanocarriers. STIMULI RESPONSIVE POLYMERIC NANOCARRIERS FOR DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS 2019:3-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-101995-5.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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15
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Pei M, Jia X, Li G, Liu P. Versatile Polymeric Microspheres with Tumor Microenvironment Bioreducible Degradation, pH-Activated Surface Charge Reversal, pH-Triggered “off–on” Fluorescence and Drug Release as Theranostic Nanoplatforms. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:227-237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Yu B, Song N, Hu H, Chen G, Shen Y, Cong H. A degradable triple temperature-, pH-, and redox-responsive drug system for cancer chemotherapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3203-3210. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Na Song
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Guihuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071 China
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17
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Pei M, Pai JY, Du P, Liu P. Facile Synthesis of Fluorescent Hyper-Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin-Carbon Quantum Dot Hybrid Nanosponges for Tumor Theranostic Application with Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4084-4091. [PMID: 30040427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent hyper-cross-linked β-cyclodextrin-carbon quantum dot (β-CD-CQD) hybrid nanosponges of about 200 nm with excellent biocompatibility and strong bright blue fluorescence excited at 365 nm with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 38.0% were synthesized for tumor theranostic application by facile condensation polymerization of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at a feeding ratio of 1:5. The DOX@β-CD-CQD theranostic nanomedicine, around 300 nm with DOX-loading capacity of 39.5% by loading doxorubicin (DOX) via host-guest complexation, showed a pH responsive controlled release and released DOX in the simulated tumor microenvironment in a sustained release mode, owing to the formation constant in the supramolecular complexation of DOX with the β-CD units in the β-CD-CQD nanosponges. The proposed DOX@β-CD-CQD theranostic nanomedicine could be internalized into HepG2 cells, and the released DOX was accumulated into the cell nuclei, demonstrating an antitumor efficacy more enhanced than that of the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Jui-Yu Pai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30043 , Taiwan
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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18
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Li L, Li D, Zhang M, He J, Liu J, Ni P. One-Pot Synthesis of pH/Redox Responsive Polymeric Prodrug and Fabrication of Shell Cross-Linked Prodrug Micelles for Antitumor Drug Transportation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2806-2817. [PMID: 30005157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shell cross-linked (SCL) polymeric prodrug micelles have the advantages of good blood circulation stability and high drug content. Herein, we report on a new kind of pH/redox responsive dynamic covalent SCL micelle, which was fabricated by self-assembly of a multifunctional polymeric prodrug. At first, a macroinitiator PBYP- ss- iBuBr was prepared via ring-opening polymerization (ROP), wherein PBYP represents poly[2-(but-3-yn-1-yloxy)-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane]. Subsequently, PBYP- hyd-DOX- ss-P(DMAEMA- co-FBEMA) prodrug was synthesized by a one-pot method with a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction using a doxorubicin (DOX) derivative containing an azide group to react with the alkynyl group of the side chain in the PBYP block, while DMAEMA and FBEMA are the abbriviations of N, N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and 2-(4-formylbenzoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate, respectively. The chemical structures of the polymer precursors and the prodrugs have been fully characterized. The SCL prodrug micelles were obtained by self-assembly of the prodrug and adding cross-linker dithiol bis(propanoic dihydrazide) (DTP). Compared with the shell un-cross-linked prodrug micelles, the SCL prodrug micelles can enhance the stability and prevent the drug from leaking in the body during blood circulation. The average size and morphology of the SCL prodrug micelles were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The SCL micelles can be dissociated under a moderately acidic and/or reductive microenvironment, that is, endosomal/lysosomal pH medium or high GSH level in the tumorous cytosol. The results of DOX release also confirmed that the SCL prodrug micelles possessed pH/reduction responsive properties. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake analyses further revealed that the SCL prodrug micelles could be rapidly internalized into tumor cells through endocytosis and efficiently release DOX into the HeLa and HepG2 cells, which could efficiently inhibit the cell proliferation. This study provides a fast and precise synthesis method for preparing multifunctional polymer prodrugs, which hold great potential for optimal antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Bhat SI, Ahmadi Y, Ahmad S. Recent Advances in Structural Modifications of Hyperbranched Polymers and Their Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahidul Islam Bhat
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Younes Ahmadi
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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20
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Synthesis of bioreducible core crosslinked star polymers with N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine crosslinker via aqueous ethanol dispersion RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Don TM, Lu KY, Lin LJ, Hsu CH, Wu JY, Mi FL. Temperature/pH/Enzyme Triple-Responsive Cationic Protein/PAA-b-PNIPAAm Nanogels for Controlled Anticancer Drug and Photosensitizer Delivery against Multidrug Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4648-4660. [PMID: 29061050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ying Lu
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Lin
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical
Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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22
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Hu X. Synthesis of Novel Hyperbranched Polybenzo-Bisthiazole Amide with Donor⁻Acceptor (D-A) Architecture, High Fluorescent Quantum Yield and Large Stokes Shift. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9080304. [PMID: 30970982 PMCID: PMC6418910 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel highly fluorescent hyperbranched polybenzobisthiazole amides with a donor⁻acceptor architecture and large Stokes shift were rationally designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the prepared hyperbranched polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR) analysis, and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis. These two polymers were soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and their DMSO and DMF solutions emitted strong green light (517⁻537 nm) with high quantum yields (QYs) and large Stokes shifts. Their relative fluorescence QYs in the DMSO solution were calculated as 77.75% and 81.14% with the Stokes shifts of 137 nm (0.86 eV) and 149 nm (0.92 eV) for HP⁻COOH and HP⁻NH₂, respectively, using quinine sulfate as the standard. In the DMF solution, the QYs of HP⁻COOH and HP⁻NH₂ were calculated as 104.65% and 118.72%, with the Stokes shifts of 128 nm (0.79 eV) and 147 nm (0.87 eV), respectively. Their films mainly emitted strong blue light with the maximum emission wavelengths of 436 nm and 480 nm for HP⁻COOH and HP⁻NH₂, respectively. The Stokes shifts for HP⁻COOH and HP⁻NH₂ films were 131 nm (0.42 eV) and 179 nm (0.86 eV), respectively. They are promising candidates for luminescent solar concentrators and blue light emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji 721013, Shaanxi, China.
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