1
|
Tsai WC, Liu FL, Huang MH, Huang CH. Enhancing Immunity and Modulating Vaginal Microflora Against Candidal Vaginitis Through Nanoemulsion Supplemented with Porphyra Oligosaccharide as an Intravaginal Vaccine Adjuvant. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6333-6346. [PMID: 37954454 PMCID: PMC10637204 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s431009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intravaginal vaccination is an encouraging approach to prevent infectious vaginitis, with nanoemulsions showing effectiveness as mucosal adjuvants. Purpose This study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion incorporating Porphyra oligosaccharide (PO@NE) and assess its effectiveness as a mucosal adjuvant in intravaginal vaccines against candidal vaginitis. Materials and Methods PO@NE was prepared, and the stability, immunomodulatory activity and cytotoxicity were screened in vitro. Further, the preventive effect of PO@NE as adjuvants for heat-killed Candida albicans (HK-CA) vaccines was explored in a murine model of candidal vaginitis, in comparison with those supplemented with polysaccharide (PP@NE). The mice were intravaginally vaccinated with 106 HK-CA cells, suspended in 1% NE without or with either PO or PP at a final concentration of 6.5 μg/mL, in a total volume of 20 μL. This vaccination was intravaginally administered once a week for 3 weeks. One week following the final vaccination, the mice underwent an intravaginal challenge with 107 C. albicans cells. One week after the challenge, the mice were euthanized to isolate serum, spleen, vaginal washes, and vaginal tissues for analysis. Results PP@NE and PO@NE, with diameters approximately around 100 nm, exhibited exceptional stability at 4°C and low cytotoxicity when used at a concentration of 1% (v/v). Intravaginal vaccination with HK-CA adjuvanted with PO@NE effectively protected against candidal vaginitis evidenced by less Candida hyphae colonization, milder mucosal damage and cell infiltration. Moreover, enhanced mucosal antibody production, induction of T helper (Th)1 and Th17-related immune responses, enlarged the population of CD8+ cells, and elevated vaginal microflora diversity were observed in vaccinated mice. Interestingly, the potency was rather attenuated when PO@NE was replaced with PP@NE. Conclusion These findings indicate PO@NE as a HK-CA vaccine adjuvant for candidal vaginitis prevention via enhancement of both cellular and humoral immunity and modulation of vaginal microflora, emphasizing further intravaginal vaccination development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fisher KJ, Kinsey R, Mohamath R, Phan T, Liang H, Orr MT, Lykins WR, Guderian JA, Bakken J, Argilla D, Ramer-Denisoff G, Larson E, Qi Y, Sivananthan S, Smolyar K, Carter D, Paddon CJ, Fox CB. Semi-synthetic terpenoids with differential adjuvant properties as sustainable replacements for shark squalene in vaccine emulsions. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:14. [PMID: 36797262 PMCID: PMC9935550 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology has allowed for the industrial production of supply-limited sesquiterpenoids such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin and β-farnesene. One of the only unmodified animal products used in medicine is squalene, a triterpenoid derived from shark liver oil, which when formulated into an emulsion is used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in licensed vaccines. However, overfishing is depleting deep-sea shark populations, leading to potential supply problems for squalene. We chemically generated over 20 squalene analogues from fermentation-derived β-farnesene and evaluated adjuvant activity of the emulsified compounds compared to shark squalene emulsion. By employing a desirability function approach that incorporated multiple immune readouts, we identified analogues with enhanced, equivalent, or decreased adjuvant activity compared to shark squalene emulsion. Availability of a library of structurally related analogues allowed elucidation of structure-function relationships. Thus, combining industrial synthetic biology with chemistry and immunology enabled generation of sustainable terpenoid-based vaccine adjuvants comparable to current shark squalene-based adjuvants while illuminating structural properties important for adjuvant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Kinsey
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raodoh Mohamath
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tony Phan
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Neoleukin, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William R Lykins
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Guderian
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Bakken
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Argilla
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabi Ramer-Denisoff
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elise Larson
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yizhi Qi
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandra Sivananthan
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Bio Corp., Seattle, WA, USA
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Cao Z, Wang Z, Guo J, Wen J. Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927593. [PMID: 35967412 PMCID: PMC9373727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for cell proliferation, signaling transduction, and apoptosis due to their highly reactive character. ROS are generated through multiple metabolic pathways under a fine-tuned control between oxidant and antioxidant signaling. A growing number of evidence has proved their highly relevant role in modulating inflammation during influenza virus infection. As a network of biological process for protecting organism from invasion of pathogens, immune system can react and fight back through either innate immune system or adaptive immune system, or both. Herein, we provide a review about the mechanisms of ROS generation when encounter influenza virus infection, and how the imbalanced level of ROS influences the replication of virus. We also summarize the pathways used by both the innate and adaptive immune system to sense and attack the invaded virus and abnormal levels of ROS. We further review the limitation of current strategies and discuss the direction of future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jing Wen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessment of adjuvantation strategy of lipid squalene nanoparticles for enhancing the immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit protein against COVID-19. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121024. [PMID: 34416331 PMCID: PMC8372419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is regarded as the most effective intervention for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide comprehensive information on lipid squalene nanoparticle (SQ@NP)-adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines regarding modulating immune response and enhancing vaccine efficacy. After being adjuvanted with SQ@NP, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) subunit protein was intramuscularly (i.m.) administered to mice. Serum samples investigated by ELISA and virus neutralizing assay showed that a single-dose SQ@NP-adjuvanted S-protein vaccine can induce antigen-specific IgG and protective antibodies comparable with those induced by two doses of nonadjuvanted protein vaccine. When the mice received a boosting vaccine injection, anamnestic response was observed in the groups of adjuvanted vaccine. Furthermore, the secretion of cytokines in splenocytes, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10, was significantly enhanced after adjuvantation of S-protein vaccine with SQ@NP; however, this was not the case for the vaccine adjuvanted with conventional aluminum mineral salts. Histological examination of injection sites showed that the SQ@NP-adjuvanted vaccine was considerably well tolerated following i.m. injection in mice. These results pave the way for the performance tuning of optimal vaccine formulations against COVID-19.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang QY, Xu YS, Zhang NX, Dong ZP, Zhao BN, Liu LC, Lu T, Wang Y. Phenylboronic ester-modified anionic micelles for ROS-stimuli response in HeLa cell. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:681-690. [PMID: 32393138 PMCID: PMC7269054 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1748761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart polymers as ideal drug nanocarriers have attracted much attention due to the effective drug delivery, internalization and release once triggered by intracellular stimuli, as well as reduced cytotoxicity. We here reported the anionic micelle consisting of copolymer (PEG-b-PAsp) and a PBE (Phenylboronic Ester) group grafted, which can achieve fast response to intracellular ROS and enhanced anti-tumor activity. With this, PEG-b-PAsp-g-PBE/DOX system showed better tumor growth inhibition when studied on HeLa cell lines with high level of intracellular ROS and its subcutaneous tumor models. Additionally, the administration of PEG-b-PAsp-g-PBE/DOX did cause significantly lower systemic toxicity in comparison with free DOX. Hence, PEG-b-PAsp-g-PBE could be a highly efficient and safe nanocarrier to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Y. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi S. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan X. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi P. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo N. Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin C. Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang CH, Huang CY, Ho HM, Lee CH, Lai PT, Wu SC, Liu SJ, Huang MH. Nanoemulsion adjuvantation strategy of tumor-associated antigen therapy rephrases mucosal and immunotherapeutic signatures following intranasal vaccination. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001022. [PMID: 33037116 PMCID: PMC7549439 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulsion adjuvants are a potent tool for effective vaccination; however, the size matters on mucosal signatures and the mechanism of action following intranasal vaccination remains unclear. Here, we launch a mechanistic study to address how mucosal membrane interacts with nanoemulsion of a well-defined size at cellular level and to elucidate the impact of size on tumor-associated antigen therapy. METHODS The squalene-based emulsified particles at the submicron/nanoscale could be elaborated by homogenization/extrusion. The mucosal signatures following intranasal delivery in mice were evaluated by combining whole-mouse genome microarray and immunohistochemical analysis. The immunological signatures were tested by assessing their ability to influence the transportation of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) across nasal mucosal membranes and drive cellular immunity in vivo. Finally, the cancer immunotherapeutic efficacy is monitored by assessing tumor-associated antigen models consisting of OVA protein and tumor cells expressing OVA epitope. RESULTS Uniform structures with ~200 nm in size induce the emergence of membranous epithelial cells and natural killer cells in nasal mucosal tissues, facilitate the delivery of protein antigen across the nasal mucosal membrane and drive broad-spectrum antigen-specific T-cell immunity in nasal mucosal tissues as well as in the spleen. Further, intranasal vaccination of the nanoemulsion could assist the antigen to generate potent antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. When combined with immunotherapeutic models, such an effective antigen-specific cytotoxic activity allowed the tumor-bearing mice to reach up to 50% survival 40 days after tumor inoculation; moreover, the optimal formulation significantly attenuated lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of any immunostimulator, only 0.1% content of squalene-based nanoemulsion could rephrase the mucosal signatures following intranasal vaccination and induce broad-spectrum antigen-specific cellular immunity, thereby improving the efficacy of tumor-associated antigen therapy against in situ and metastatic tumors. These results provide critical mechanistic insights into the adjuvant activity of nanoemulsion and give directions for the design and optimization of mucosal delivery for vaccine and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ti Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao L, Zhu Z, Ma L, Li Y. O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2071-2083. [PMID: 32273703 PMCID: PMC7104212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s232677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Adjuvant can reduce vaccine dosage and acquire better immune protection to the body, which helps to deal with the frequent outbreaks of influenza. Nanoemulsion adjuvants have been proved efficient, but the relationship between their key properties and the controlled release which greatly affects immune response is still unclear. The present work explores the role of factors such as particle size, the polydispersity index (PDI), stability and the safety of nanoemulsions by optimizing the water concentration, oil phase and modes of carrying, to explain the impact of those key factors above on adjuvant effect. Methods Isopropyl myristate (IPM), white oil, soybean oil, and grape-kernel oil were chosen as the oil phase to explore their roles in emulsion characteristics and the adjuvant effect. ICR mice were immunized with an emulsion-inactivated H3N2 split influenza vaccine mixture, to compare the nanoemulsion’s adjuvant with traditional aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant. Results Particle size of all the nanoemulsion formed in our experiment ranged from 20 nm to 200 nm and did not change much when diluted with water, while the PDI decreased obviously, indicating that the particles tended to become more dispersive. Formulas with 80% or 85.6% water concentration showed significant higher HAI titer than aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant, and adsorption rather than capsule mode showed higher antigen delivery efficiency. As mentioned about oil phase, G (IPM), F (white oil), H (soybean oil), and I (grape-kernel oil) showed a decreasing trend in their adjuvant efficiency, and nanoemulsion G was the best adjuvant with smaller and uniform particle size. Conclusion Emulsions with a smaller, uniform particle size had a better adjuvant effect, and the adsorption mode was generally more efficient than the capsule mode. The potential adjuvant order of the different oils was as follows: IPM > white oil > soybean oil > grape-kernel oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang CH, Huang CY, Huang MH. Impact of antigen-adjuvant associations on antigen uptake and antigen-specific humoral immunity in mice following intramuscular injection. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109373. [PMID: 31545268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of antigen-adjuvant associations on antigen uptake and antigen-specific humoral immunity is studied in detail. After formulation with a squalene-based double emulsion (referred to as PELC), the protein ovalbumin (OVA) was intramuscularly injected in mice, in either a separation (OVA-PELCSE), a surface attachment (OVA-PELCSA) or an encapsulation (OVA-PELCEN) manner. As an antigen delivery system, a significant increase of OVA-loaded cells migrating into draining lymph nodes (LNs) was detected in the PELC-formulated OVA groups, attachment and encapsulation as well. Additionally, OVA-PELCEN allowed the mice to induce a delayed but long-lasting OVA-specific antibodies production compared to OVA-PELCSA. In the extreme case where no antigen-adjuvant association at all (i.e., OVA-PELCSE), we found that even with the presence of PELC at the contralateral limb, an elevated level of OVA uptake was detected in ipsilateral draining CD11c+ LN cells, which subsequently augmented the production of OVA-specific IgG antibodies during early vaccination. The mouse study allows us to find out the optimal vaccine formulation and deepens our understandings on how antigen-adjuvant associations can govern the cellular uptake and transportation of protein antigen into the draining LNs and prolong antigen-specific humoral immunity, even if the antigen and the adjuvant are given separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lou-Bonafonte JM, Martínez-Beamonte R, Sanclemente T, Surra JC, Herrera-Marcos LV, Sanchez-Marco J, Arnal C, Osada J. Current Insights into the Biological Action of Squalene. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800136. [PMID: 29883523 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is a triterpenic compound found in a large number of plants and other sources with a long tradition of research since it was first reported in 1926. Herein a systematic review of studies concerning squalene published in the last 8 years is presented. These studies have provided further support for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, an antineoplastic effect in nutrigenetic-type treatments, which depends on the failing metabolic pathway of tumors, has also been reported. The bioavailability of squalene in cell cultures, animal models, and in humans has been well established, and further progress has been made in regard to the intracellular transport of this lipophilic molecule. Squalene accumulates in the liver and decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, with these actions being exerted via a complex network of changes in gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Its presence in different biological fluids has also been studied. The combination of squalene with other bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance its pleiotropic properties and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to control oxidative stress and, therefore, numerous age-related diseases in human and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22002, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Teresa Sanclemente
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Javier Sanchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| |
Collapse
|