1
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Lange J, Senniksen MB, Wyttenbach N, Page S, Bateman LM, O’Dwyer PJ, Saal W, Kuentz M, Griffin BT. Mechanistic Investigation into the Phase Separation Behavior of Soluplus in the Presence of Biorelevant Media. Mol Pharm 2025; 22:1958-1972. [PMID: 40066684 PMCID: PMC11979885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/08/2025]
Abstract
More than a decade since its introduction, the polymeric excipient Soluplus continues to receive considerable attention for its application in the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and its utility as a solubilizer for drugs exhibiting solubility limited absorption. While it is well-recognized that Soluplus forms micelles, the impact of its lower critical solution temperature of approximately 40 °C remains an underexplored aspect. This study investigated the phase behavior of Soluplus in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V1). It was demonstrated that Soluplus forms a dispersed polymer-rich coacervate phase, which coexists with Soluplus micelles at 37 °C. This behavior was confirmed by cloud point measurements, visually discernible phases after centrifugation, as well as multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS) measurements, and quantitative 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of Soluplus concentrations in the supernatant pre- and post-centrifugation. The practical relevance of these findings was contextualized by solvent shift experiments and dissolution testing of spray-dried ASD. The results demonstrated that the poorly water-soluble drug RO6897779 resided in a polymer-rich coacervate phase and was spun down during centrifugation, which resulted in an amorphous pellet exhibiting the characteristics of a viscous liquid. The entrapment of the drug within the polymer-rich phase was further analyzed by temperature- and time-dependent MADLS experiments. The findings of this study are of particular relevance for a mechanistic understanding, relevant to comprehending in vitro-in vivo relationships of Soluplus-based ASDs. Low sampled drug concentrations in FaSSIF-V1 at 37 °C may originate not only from limited drug release and precipitation but also from the formation of a drug-containing, polymer-rich Soluplus phase. Therefore, a liquid-liquid phase separation occurring from Soluplus-based formulations in a biorelevant medium can be excipient-driven, which is different from the common perception that phase separation in the solution state is triggered primarily by high drug concentrations exceeding their amorphous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus
Johann Lange
- School
of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork County, T12 R229 Cork , Ireland
| | - Malte Bøgh Senniksen
- Pharmaceutical
R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Wyttenbach
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche
Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La
Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse
124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical
R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine M. Bateman
- School
of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork County, T12 R229 Cork , Ireland
- Analytical
& Biological Research Facility, University
College Cork, College
Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. O’Dwyer
- School
of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork County, T12 R229 Cork , Ireland
| | - Wiebke Saal
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche
Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La
Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse
124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute
of Pharma Technology, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Brendan T. Griffin
- School
of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork County, T12 R229 Cork , Ireland
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2
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Kawakami K. Roles of Supersaturation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for Enhanced Oral Absorption of Poorly Soluble Drugs from Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:262. [PMID: 40006629 PMCID: PMC11859337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most important enabling formulation technologies for the development of poorly soluble drugs. Because of its thermodynamically unstable nature in both solid and wet states, the evaluation and optimization of the formulation performance involves some difficulties. The dissolution process is sensitively influenced by various factors, including the applied dose, medium composition, and pH. Supersaturated solutions can cause liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and/or crystallization, which complicates the comprehension of the dissolution process. However, LLPS should be evaluated carefully because it is closely related to oral absorption. As LLPS concentration is analogous to amorphous solubility, it can be a key factor in predicting oral absorption from ASDs, if absorption is limited by solubility. Moreover, LLPS droplets are expected to increase transmembrane flux by increasing the drug concentration near the epithelial cell membrane. In this review, recently updated knowledge on the dissolution, membrane permeation, and oral absorption behaviors of ASDs is discussed with an emphasis on LLPS behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Markeev VB, Blynskaya EV, Alekseev KV, Dorofeev VL, Marakhova AI, Vetcher AA. Creation of Long-Term Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions N-Butyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide, Resistant to Recrystallization Caused by Exposure to Moisture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:203. [PMID: 39795848 PMCID: PMC11722151 DOI: 10.3390/ma18010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is often used as a promising strategy to improve the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). ASDs allow APIs to be dispersed at the molecular level in a polymer carrier, destroying the crystalline structure of the APIs and, thanks to the polymer, providing long-term supersaturation in solution. However, stability issues are an obstacle to the development of new medications with ASD. In addition to the molecular mobility at elevated temperatures leading to the crystallization of APIs, moisture affects the physical stability of ASD, leading to fractional separation and recrystallization. N-butyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide (GML-3) is an original API with both anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, but its insolubility in water can negatively affect (influence) bioavailability. Our study aims to create ASD GML-3 with moisture-resistant polymers (Soluplus®, HPC) and assess the stability of the amorphous state of ASD after storage in high humidity conditions. As a result, HPC KlucelTM FX was revealed to be more stable than the brand, providing a high level of API release into the purified water environment and stability after 21 days (3 weeks) of storage in high humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B. Markeev
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.M.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.); (V.L.D.)
| | - Evgenia V. Blynskaya
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.M.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.); (V.L.D.)
| | - Konstantin V. Alekseev
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.M.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.); (V.L.D.)
| | - Vladimir L. Dorofeev
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.M.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.); (V.L.D.)
| | - Anna I. Marakhova
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Kawakami K, Ishitsuka T, Fukiage M, Nishida Y, Shirai T, Hirai Y, Hideshima T, Tanabe F, Shinoda K, Tamate R, Fujita T. Long-term physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions: Comparison of detection powers of common evaluation methods for spray-dried and hot-melt extruded formulations. J Pharm Sci 2025; 114:145-156. [PMID: 38950881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Although physical stability can be a critical issue during the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), there are no established protocols to predict/detect their physical stability. In this study, we have prepared fenofibrate ASDs using two representative manufacturing methods, hot-melt extrusion and spray-drying, to investigate their physical stability for one year. Intentionally unstable ASDs were designed to compare the detection power of each evaluation method, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dissolution study. Each method did not provide the same judgment results on physical stability in some cases because of their different evaluation principles and sensitivity, which has been well-comprehended only for one-component glass. This study revealed that the detection powers of each evaluation method significantly depended on the manufacturing methods. DSC was an effective method to detect a small amount of crystals for both types of ASDs in a quantitative manner. Although the sensitivity of XRPD was always lower compared to that of DSC, interpretation of the data was the easiest. SEM was very effective for observing the crystallization of the small amount of drug for hot-melt extruded products, as the drug crystal vividly appeared on the large grains. The dissolution performance of spray-dried products could change even without any indication of physical change including crystallization. The advantage/disadvantage and complemental roles of each evaluation method are discussed for deeper understanding on the physical stability data of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Taichi Ishitsuka
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-15-26, Kamiji, higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0003, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukiage
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-15-26, Kamiji, higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0003, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Tetsuo Shirai
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirai
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hideshima
- API and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1, Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanabe
- Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., 2-5-7 Jonan-Jima, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Koji Shinoda
- Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., 2-5-7 Jonan-Jima, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-0002, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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5
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Zhang W, Thool P, Weitz BW, Hou HH. Investigating the effects of formulation variables on the disintegration of spray dried amorphous solid dispersion tablets. J Pharm Sci 2025; 114:304-312. [PMID: 39374694 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) tablets based on hydrophilic polymer carriers may encounter disintegration challenges. In this work, the effect of different formulation composition variables on the ASD tablet disintegration performance was systematically studied. GDC-0334: copovidone (PVPVA) 60: 40 ASD prepared by spray drying was selected as the model ASD system. The effects of ASD loading, filler type and ratio, disintegrant type and level were then investigated using tablets made by direct compression process. Tablet disintegration time increased with the increase of ASD loading, especially when ASD loading exceeded 50 %. At the same tablet solid fraction, when lactose was used as the soluble filler, faster tablet disintegration was observed compared to the tablets with mannitol as the soluble filler. Among the three tested disintegrants, croscarmellose sodium performed the best in facilitating the ASD tablet disintegration, followed by sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone was the poorest. When croscarmellose sodium was used as the disintegrant, 5 % level was sufficient to enable ASD tablet disintegration at 60 % ASD loading and further increase of croscarmellose sodium level to 8 % did not provide additional benefit. Water uptake experiments were performed on selected tablets and the results demonstrated a positive correlation with tablet disintegration time, indicating water penetration is a major contributing step for the disintegration of our ASD tablets. Overall, this work provides a rationale for excipient selection and insights into building a platform formulation approach for developing immediate-release ASD tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Prajwal Thool
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin W Weitz
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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6
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Shu Y, Zhao P, Li X, Shi X, Fu Q. Counter-intuitive discovery in the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs: Amorphous small-molecule gels. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2624-2639. [PMID: 38807483 DOI: 10.1002/med.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous strategies have been extensively used in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs for decades due to their high free energy. However, the formation of amorphous small-molecule gels (ASMGs) presents a counter-intuitive discovery that significantly limits their practical application. Recently, ASMGs have garnered attention because of their noncovalent structures, excellent biodegradability, and significant potential in various drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical field. Hence, a comprehensive review is necessary to contribute to a better understanding of recent advances in ASMGs. This review aimed to introduce the main formation mechanisms, summarize possible influencing factors, generalize unique properties, outline elimination strategies, and discuss clinical application potential with preclinical cases of ASMGs. Moreover, few ASMGs are advanced to clinical stages. Intensive clinical research is needed for further development. We hope that this review can provide more efficient and rational guidance for exploring further clinical applications of ASMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Shu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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7
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Weecharangsan W, Lee RJ. Enhanced dissolution rates of glibenclamide through solid dispersions on microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol, combined with phosphatidylcholine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:297-305. [PMID: 38385210 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2321388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical solid dispersions of spray-dried glibenclamide (SG) on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and mannitol (M) surfaces, as well as their combination with phosphatidylcholine (P), on enhancing the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (G). METHODS Solid dispersions were prepared using varying proportions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:10 for SG on the surface of MC (SGA) and M (SGM), and then combined with P, in a proportion of 1:4:0.02 using spray drying. The particle size, specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dissolution rate of SGA and SGM were characterized. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed successful adhesion of SG onto the surface of the carrier surfaces. XRD showed reduced crystalline characteristic peaks for SGA, while SGM exhibited a sharp peaks pattern. Both SGA and SGM demonstrated higher dissolution rates compared to SG and G alone. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of the solid dispersions of SG, MC and P (SGAP), and SG, M, and P (SGMP) were sequentially higher than that of SGA and SGM. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that physical solid dispersions of SG on MC and M, along with their combination with P, can effectively enhance the dissolution rate of G. These findings may be valuable in developing of oral solid drug dosage forms utilizing SGA, SGM, SGAP, and SGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlop Weecharangsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Becelaere J, Frateur O, Schoolaert E, Vanhoorne V, D'hooge DR, Vervaet C, Hoogenboom R, De Clerck K. Solvent electrospinning amorphous solid dispersions with high itraconazole, celecoxib, mebendazole and fenofibrate drug loading and release potential. J Control Release 2023; 362:268-277. [PMID: 37648083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of ultra-high drug loaded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for the poorly soluble itraconazole, mebendazole and celecoxib via solvent electrospinning in combination with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and fenofibrate in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is demonstrated. By lowering the polymer concentration in the electrospinning solution below its individual spinnable limit, ASDs with a drug content of up to 80 wt% are obtained. This is attributed to drug-polymer interactions not being limited by default to hydrogen bonds, as also Van der Waals interactions can result in high drug loadings. The theoretically predicted miscibility by the Flory-Huggins theory is corroborated by the experimental findings based on (modulated) differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Globally, the maximally obtained amorphous drug loadings are higher compared to the loadings found in literature. Additionally, non-sink dissolution tests demonstrate an increase in solubility of up to 50 times compared to their crystalline counterparts. Moreover, due to the lack of precipitation biocompatible PEtOx succeeds in stabilizing the dissolved drug and inhibiting its instant precipitation. The current work thus demonstrates the broader applicability of the electrospinning technique for the production of physically stable ASDs with ultra-high drug loadings, a result which has been validated for several Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Becelaere
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olmo Frateur
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella Schoolaert
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Krijgslaan 281 - S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Li J, Wang Y, Yu D. Effects of Additives on the Physical Stability and Dissolution of Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 37603110 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a popular approach for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, achieving both physical stability and dissolution performance in an ASD prepared with a single polymer can be challenging. Therefore, a secondary excipient can be added. In this paper, we review three classes of additives that can be added internally to ASDs: (i) a second polymer, to form a ternary drug-polymer-polymer ASD, (ii) counterions, to facilitate in situ salt formation, and (iii) surfactants. In an ASD prepared with a combination of polymers, each polymer exerts a unique function, such as a stabilizer in the solid state and a crystallization inhibitor during dissolution. In situ salt formation in ASD usually leads to substantial increases in the glass transition temperature, contributing to improved physical stability. Surfactants can enhance the wettability of ASD particles, thereby promoting rapid drug release. However, their potential adverse effects on physical stability and dissolution, resulting from enhanced molecular mobility and competitive molecular interaction with the polymer, respectively, warrant careful consideration. Finally, we discuss the impact of magnesium stearate and inorganic salts, excipients added externally upon downstream processing, on the solid-state stability as well as the dissolution of ASD tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA.
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10
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Chendo C, Pinto JF, Paisana MC. Comprehensive powder flow characterization with reduced testing. Int J Pharm 2023:123107. [PMID: 37279868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Powder flow is a critical attribute of pharmaceutical blends to ensure tablet weight uniformity and production of tablets with consistent and reproducible properties. This study aims at characterizing different powder blends with a number of different rheologic techniques, in order to understand how particles' attributes and interaction between components within the formulation generate different responses when analysed by different rheological tests. Furthermore, this study intends on reducing the number of tests in early development phases, by selecting the ones that provide the best information about the flowability attributes of the pharmaceutical blends. This work considered two cohesive powders - spray-dried hydroxypropyl cellulose (SD HPMC) and micronized indomethacin (IND) - formulated with other four commonly used excipients [(lactose monohydrated (LAC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium stearate (MgSt) and colloidal silica (CS)]. The experimental results showed that powder flowability may be affected by materials particles' size, bulk density, morphology, and interactions with lubricant. In detail, parameters, such as angle of repose (AoR), compressibility percentage (CPS), and flow function coefficient (ffc) have shown to be highly affected by the particle size of the materials present in the blends. On the other hand, the Specific Energy (SE) and the effective angle of internal friction (φe) showed to be more related with particle morphology and materials interaction with the lubricant. Since both ffc and φe parameters are generated from the yield locus test, data suggest that a number of different powder flow features may be understood only by applying this test, avoiding redundant powder flow characterization, as well as extensive time and material spent in early development formulation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Chendo
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Paisana
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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11
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Pistone M, Racaniello GF, Rizzi R, Iacobazzi RM, Arduino I, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Direct cyclodextrin based powder extrusion 3D printing of budesonide loaded mini-tablets for the treatment of eosinophilic colitis in paediatric patients. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122592. [PMID: 36626971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to combine direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D printing and fluid bed coating techniques to create a budesonide (BD) loaded solid oral formulations for the treatment of eosinophilic colitis (EC) in paediatric patients. The preferred medication for EC treatment is BD, which has drawbacks due to its poor water solubility and low absorption. Additionally, since commercially available medications for EC treatment are created and approved for adult patients, administering them to children sometimes requires an off-label use and an impromptu handling, which can result in therapeutic ineffectiveness. The DPE 3D approach was investigated to create Mini-Tablets (MTs) to suit the swallowing, palatability, and dose flexibility control requirements needed by paediatric patients. Additionally, DPE 3D and the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the initial powder mixture allowed for an improvement in the solubility and rate of BD dissolution in aqueous medium. Then, to accomplish a site-specific drug release at the intestinal level, MTs were coated with a layer of Eudragit FS 30D, an enteric polymer responsive at pH > 7.0 values. In vitro release experiments showed that film-coated MTs were suitable in terms of size and dose, enabling potential therapeutic customization and targeted delivery of BD to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Amendola St. 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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12
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Oral Delivery of Niclosamide as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion That Generates Amorphous Nanoparticles during Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122568. [PMID: 36559062 PMCID: PMC9785291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic that is being studied in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic and broad-spectrum antiviral. Additionally, several other applications are currently in the preclinical stage. Unfortunately, niclosamide is a poorly water soluble molecule, with reduced oral bioavailability, which hinders its use for new indications. Moreover, niclosamide is a poor glass former; in other words, the molecule has a high tendency to recrystallize, and it is virtually impossible to generate a stable amorphous solid employing the neat molecule. Previously, our group reported the development of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of niclosamide (niclosamide ASD) that generates nanoparticles during its dissolution, not only increasing niclosamide's apparent solubility from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 481.7 ± 22.2 µg/mL in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) but also its oral bioavailability 2.6-fold in Sprague-Dawley rats after being administered as a suspension. Nevertheless, niclosamide ASD undergoes recrystallization in acidic media, and an enteric oral dosage form is needed for its translation into the clinic. In this work, we further characterized the nanoparticles that generated during the dissolution of the niclosamide ASD. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the nanoparticles were amorphous and had a particle size of ~150 nm. The oral dosage forms of niclosamide ASD were formulated using commercial enteric capsules (Capsuline® and EudracapTM) and as enteric-coated tablets. The enteric dosage forms were tested using pH-shift dissolution and acid-uptake tests, using the USP type II dissolution apparatus and the disintegration apparatus, respectively. The capsules exhibited a higher percentage of weight gain, and visual rupture of the Capsuline capsules was observed. Eudracap capsules protected the formulation from the acidic media, but polymer gelling and the formation of a nondispersible plug were noted during dissolution testing. In contrast, enteric-coated tablets protected the formulation from acid ingress and maintained the performance of niclosamide ASD granules during dissolution in FaSSIF media. These enteric-coated tablets were administered to beagle dogs at a niclosamide dose of 75 mg/kg, resulting in plasma concentrations of niclosamide higher than those reported in the literature using solubilized niclosamide at a higher dose (i.e., 100 mg/kg). In summary, an enteric oral dosage form of niclosamide ASD was formulated without hindering the generation of nanoparticles while maintaining the increase in the niclosamide's apparent solubility. The enteric-coated tablets successfully increased the niclosamide plasma levels in dogs when compared to a niclosamide solution prepared using organic solvents.
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Triboandas H, Pitt K, Bezerra M, Ach-Hubert D, Schlindwein W. Itraconazole Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets: Formulation and Compaction Process Optimization Using Quality by Design Principles and Tools. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112398. [PMID: 36365216 PMCID: PMC9693276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BCS Class II drugs, such as itraconazole (ITZ), exhibit poor solubility (1–4 ng/mL) and so require solubility enhancement. Therefore, ITZ and Kollidon® VA64 (KOL) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) were produced using hot-melt extrusion (HME) to improve ITZ’s poor solubility. A novel strategy for tablet formulations using five inorganic salts was investigated (KCl, NaCl, KBr, KHCO3 and KH2PO4). These kosmotopric salts are thought to compete for water hydration near the polymer chain, hence, preventing polymer gelation and, therefore, facilitating disintegration and dissolution. Out of all the formulations, the KCl containing one demonstrated acceptable tensile strength (above 1.7 MPa), whilst providing a quick disintegration time (less than 15 min) and so was selected for further formulation development through a design of the experiment approach. Seven ITZ-KOL-ASD formulations with KCl were compacted using round and oblong punches. Round tablets were found to disintegrate under 20 min, whereas oblong tablets disintegrated within 10 min. The round tablets achieved over 80% ITZ release within 15 min, with six out of seven formulations achieving 100% ITZ release by 30 min. It was found that tablets comprising high levels of Avicel® pH 102 (30%) and low levels of KCl (5%) tend to fail the disintegration target due to the strong bonding capacity of Avicel® pH 102. The disintegration time and tensile strength responses were modeled to obtain design spaces (DSs) relevant to both round and oblong tablets. Within the DS, several formulations can be chosen, which meet the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) requirements for immediate-release round and oblong tablets and allow for flexibility to compact in different tablet shape to accommodate patients’ needs. It was concluded that the use of inorganic salts, such as KCl, is the key to producing tablets of ITZ ASDs with fast disintegration and enhanced dissolution. Overall, ITZ-KOL-ASD tablet formulations, which meet the QTPP, were achieved in this study with the aid of Quality by Design (QbD) principles for formulation and compaction process development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetvi Triboandas
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariana Bezerra
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Delphine Ach-Hubert
- Medelpharm, 615 rue du Chat Botté, ZAC des Malettes, F-01700 Beynost, France
| | - Walkiria Schlindwein
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kapourani A, Chatzitheodoridou M, Valkanioti V, Manioudaki AE, Bikiaris ND, Barmpalexis P. Evaluating the effect of kosmotropic inorganic salts in the in vitro dissolution behavior of tablets containing amorphous indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Dissolution Kinetics of Nifedipine-Ionizable Polymer Amorphous Solid Dispersion: Comparison Between Bicarbonate and Phosphate Buffers. Pharm Res 2021; 38:2119-2127. [PMID: 34931285 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The intestinal fluid pH is maintained by the bicarbonate buffer system that shows unique properties regarding drug dissolution. Nevertheless, current compendial dissolution tests use phosphate buffers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of bicarbonate and phosphate buffers on the dissolution profiles of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) composed of ionizable polymers. METHODS Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), amino methacrylate copolymer (AMC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were employed as acidic, basic, and neutral polymers, respectively. Nifedipine (NIF) was used as a model drug. Dissolution profiles were measured in pH 6.5 bicarbonate and phosphate buffers by a mini-scale paddle dissolution test. The pH of bicarbonate buffers was maintained by the floating lid method. RESULTS The pH change of the bicarbonate buffer was suppressed to less than + 0.25 pH for 3 h by the floating lid method. In all cases, the NIF concentration was supersaturated against the solubility of crystalline NIF. The dissolution rates of HPMCAS and AMC ASDs were 1.5 to 2.0-fold slower in the bicarbonate buffer than in the phosphate buffer when compared at the same buffer capacity. The dissolution profile of HPMC ASD was not affected by the buffer species. The higher the buffer capacity and ionic strength, the faster the dissolution rate of HPMCAS ASD. CONCLUSION The dissolution rate of ASDs with ionizable polymers would be overestimated by using unphysiological phosphate buffer solutions. It is important to use a biorelevant bicarbonate buffer solution for dissolution testing.
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Damle S, Choudhari M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Development and Validation of Reverse‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Itraconazole through Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate based Polymeric Films using Quality by Design principles. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate Verna India
| | - Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
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Berardi A, Bisharat L, Quodbach J, Abdel Rahim S, Perinelli DR, Cespi M. Advancing the understanding of the tablet disintegration phenomenon - An update on recent studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120390. [PMID: 33607196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disintegration is the de-aggregation of particles within tablets upon exposure to aqueous fluids. Being an essential step in the bioavailability cascade, disintegration is a fundamental quality attribute of immediate release tablets. Although the disintegration phenomenon has been studied for over six decades, some gaps of knowledge and research questions still exist. Three reviews, published in 2015, 2016 and 2017, have discussed the literature relative to tablet disintegration and summarised the understanding of this topic. Yet, since then more studies have been published, adding to the established body of knowledge. This article guides a step forward towards the comprehension of disintegration by reviewing, concisely, the most recent scientific updates on this topic. Initially, we revisit the mechanisms of disintegration with relation to the three most used superdisintegrants, namely sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. Then, the influence of formulation, storage, manufacturing and media conditions on disintegration is analysed. This is followed by an excursus on novel disintegrants. Finally, we highlight unanswered research questions and envision future research venues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan.
| | - Lorina Bisharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Safwan Abdel Rahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Suzuki K, Kawakami K, Fukiage M, Oikawa M, Nishida Y, Matsuda M, Fujita T. Relevance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Supersaturated Solution in Oral Absorption of Albendazole from Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020220. [PMID: 33562770 PMCID: PMC7914868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most promising formulation technologies for improving the oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs, where the maintenance of supersaturation plays a key role in enhancing the absorption process. However, quantitative prediction of oral absorption from ASDs is still difficult. Supersaturated solutions can cause liquid-liquid phase separation through the spinodal decomposition mechanism, which must be adequately comprehended to understand the oral absorption of drugs quantitatively. In this study, albendazole (ALZ) was formulated into ASDs using three types of polymers, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (Eudragit) L100, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). The oral absorption of ALZ in rats administered as ASD suspensions was not explained by dissolution study but was predicted using liquid-liquid phase separation concentration, which suggested that the absorption of ALZ was solubility-limited. The oral administration study in dogs performed using solid capsules demonstrated the low efficacy of ASDs because the absorption was likely to be limited by dissolution rate, which indicated the importance of designing the final dosage form of the ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical and ADMET Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functionals Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Masafumi Fukiage
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-3-1, Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan;
| | - Michinori Oikawa
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Technology Research & Development, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94, Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan;
| | - Maki Matsuda
- Research & Development Division, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 134, Chudoji Minami-machi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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Zhang W, Noland R, Chin S, Petkovic M, Zuniga R, Santarra B, Conklin B, Hou HH, Nagapudi K, Gruenhagen JA, Yehl P, Chen T. Impact of polymer type, ASD loading and polymer-drug ratio on ASD tablet disintegration and drug release. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120087. [PMID: 33189812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has become an attractive strategy to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. To facilitate oral administration, ASDs are commonly incorporated into tablets. Disintegration and drug release from ASD tablets are thus critical for achieving the inherent solubility advantage of amorphous drugs. In this work, the impact of polymer type, ASD loading in tablet and polymer-drug ratio in ASD on disintegration and drug release of ASD tablets was systematically studied. Two hydrophilic polymers PVPVA and HPMC and one relatively hydrophobic polymer HPMCAS were evaluated. Dissolution testing was performed, and disintegration time was recorded during dissolution testing. As ASD loading increased, tablet disintegration time increased for all three polymer-based ASD tablets, and this effect was more pronounced for hydrophilic polymer-based ASD tablets. As polymer-drug ratio increased, tablet disintegration time increased for hydrophilic polymer-based ASD tablets, however, it remained short and largely unchanged for HPMCAS-based ASD tablets. Consequently, at high ASD loadings or high polymer-drug ratios, HPMCAS-based ASD tablets showed faster drug release than PVPVA- or HPMC-based ASD tablets. These results were attributed to the differences between polymer hydrophilicities and viscosities of polymer aqueous solutions. This work is valuable for understanding the disintegration and drug release of ASD tablets and provides insight to ASD composition selection from downstream tablet formulation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ryan Noland
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Steven Chin
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Milan Petkovic
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ruth Zuniga
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bethany Santarra
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Breanna Conklin
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason A Gruenhagen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter Yehl
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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20
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Clarification of the Dissolution Mechanism of an Indomethacin/Saccharin/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Ternary Solid Dispersion by NMR Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3617-3624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Mudie DM, Buchanan S, Stewart AM, Smith A, Shepard KB, Biswas N, Marshall D, Ekdahl A, Pluntze A, Craig CD, Morgen MM, Baumann JM, Vodak DT. A novel architecture for achieving high drug loading in amorphous spray dried dispersion tablets. Int J Pharm X 2020; 2:100042. [PMID: 32154509 PMCID: PMC7058468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) effectively increase bioavailability, tablet mass can be high due to the large fraction of excipients needed to stabilize the amorphous drug in the solid state, extend drug supersaturation in solution and achieve robust manufacturability. The aim of this work was to reduce tablet mass of an ASD tablet comprising a low glass transition temperature (Tg), rapidly crystallizing drug without compromising these key attributes. In this approach, erlotinib (Tg = 42 °C, Tm/Tg = 1.4 K/K) was spray dried with the high Tg polymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (Eudragit® L100, Evonik) (Tg = 187 °C) to facilitate high drug loading while maintaining physical stability. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (AQOAT® HF, Shin-Etsu) was granulated with the ASD to extend supersaturation in solution. For comparison, a benchmark ASD was spray dried at a lower drug loading with HPMCAS-H (Tg = 119 °C). This High Loaded Dosage Form (HLDF) approach reduced tablet mass by 40%, demonstrated similar physical stability and in vitro performance as the benchmark and exhibited excellent downstream manufacturability. Strategically combining two different polymers in a tablet to maintain physical stability and sustain supersaturation in solution can decrease tablet mass of some low Tg, rapidly crystallizing amorphous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - Stephanie Buchanan
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Daniel Felix Ritchie School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | | | - Adam Smith
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | | | - Nishant Biswas
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - Derrick Marshall
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Pivotal Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Alyssa Ekdahl
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | | | | | - John M. Baumann
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - David T. Vodak
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
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