1
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Lu Y, Alam F, Shamsi J, Abdi-Jalebi M. Doping Up the Light: A Review of A/B-Site Doping in Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next-Generation LEDs. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:10084-10107. [PMID: 38919725 PMCID: PMC11194817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
All-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) show great potential for the next generation of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, trap-assisted recombination negatively impacts the optoelectronic properties of PeNCs and prevents their widespread adoption for commercial exploitation. To mitigate trap-assisted recombination and further enhance the external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs, A/B-site doping has been widely investigated to tune the bandgap of PeNCs. The bandgap of PeNCs is adjustable within a small range (no more than 0.1 eV) by A-site cation doping, resulting in changes in the bond length of Pb-X and the angle of [PbX6]4. Nevertheless, B-site doping of PeNCs has a more significant impact on the bandgap level through modification of surface defect states. In this perspective, we delve into the synthesis of PeNCs with A/B-site doping and their impacts on the structural and optoelectronic properties, as well as their impacts on the performance of subsequent PeLEDs. Furthermore, we explore the A-site and B-site doping mechanisms and the impact of device architecture on doped PeNCs to maximize the performance and stability of PeLEDs. This work presents a comprehensive overview of the studies on A-site and B-site doping in PeNCs and approaches to unlock their full potential in the next generation of LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, Malet Place, London WC1E
7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Firoz Alam
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
| | - Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, Malet Place, London WC1E
7JE, United Kingdom
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2
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D'Amato M, Belzane L, Dabard C, Silly M, Patriarche G, Glorieux Q, Le Jeannic H, Lhuillier E, Bramati A. Highly Photostable Zn-Treated Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Single Photon Generation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10228-10235. [PMID: 37930320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving pure single-photon emission is essential for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computing to quantum key distribution to quantum metrology. Among solid-state quantum emitters, colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their structural and optical properties, which make them attractive candidates for single-photon sources (SPSs). However, their practical utilization has been hampered by environment-induced instabilities. In this study, we fabricate and characterize in a systematic manner Zn-treated CsPbBr3 colloidal NCs obtained through Zn2+ ion doping at the Pb-site, demonstrating improved stability under dilution and illumination. The doped NCs exhibit high single-photon purity, reduced blinking on a submillisecond time scale, and stability of the bright state even at excitation powers well above saturation. Our findings highlight the potential of this synthesis approach to optimize the performance of LHP-based SPSs, opening up interesting prospects for their integration into nanophotonic systems for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Lucien Belzane
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Silly
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Bd Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Quentin Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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3
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Diroll BT, Banerjee P, Shevchenko EV. Optical anisotropy of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanoplatelets. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 37186268 PMCID: PMC10130288 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets have a quantum well electronic structure with a band gap tunable with sample thicknesses in discreet steps based upon the number of monolayers. The polarized optical properties of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets are studied using fluorescence anisotropy and polarized transient absorption spectroscopies. Polarized spectroscopy shows that they have absorption and emission transitions which are strongly plane-polarized. In particular, photoluminescence excitation and transient absorption measurements reveal a band-edge polarization approaching 0.1, the limit of isotropic two-dimensional ensembles. The degree of anisotropy is found to depend on the thickness of the nanoplatelets: multiple measurements show a progressive decrease in optical anisotropy from 2 to 5 monolayer thick nanoplatelets. In turn, larger cuboidal CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, are found to have consistently positive anisotropy which may be attributed to symmetry breaking from ideal perovskite cubes. Optical measurements of anisotropy are described with respect to the theoretical framework developed to describe exciton fine structure in these materials. The observed planar absorption and emission are close to predicted values at thinner nanoplatelet sizes and follow the predicted trend in anisotropy with thickness, but with larger anisotropy than theoretical predictions. Dominant planar emission, albeit confined to the thinnest nanoplatelets, is a valuable attribute for enhanced efficiency of light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA.
| | - Progna Banerjee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA
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4
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Krajewska CJ, Kaplan AEK, Kick M, Berkinsky DB, Zhu H, Sverko T, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi MG. Controlled Assembly and Anomalous Thermal Expansion of Ultrathin Cesium Lead Bromide Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2148-2157. [PMID: 36884029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confined lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets are anisotropic materials displaying strongly bound excitons with spectrally pure photoluminescence. We report the controlled assembly of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets through varying the evaporation rate of the dispersion solvent. We confirm the assembly of superlattices in the face-down and edge-up configurations by electron microscopy, as well as X-ray scattering and diffraction. Polarization-resolved spectroscopy shows that superlattices in the edge-up configuration display significantly polarized emission compared to face-down counterparts. Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction of both face-down and edge-up superlattices uncovers a uniaxial negative thermal expansion in ultrathin nanoplatelets, which reconciles the anomalous temperature dependence of the emission energy. Additional structural aspects are investigated by multilayer diffraction fitting, revealing a significant decrease in superlattice order with decreasing temperature, with a concomitant expansion of the organic sublattice and increase of lead halide octahedral tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kick
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Sverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Huang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xiong Q. A Fano Cavity-Photon Interface for Directional Suppression of Spectral Diffusion of a Single Perovskite Nanoplatelet. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8274-8280. [PMID: 36197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals that are capable of mass production with wet chemical synthesis have long been proposed as color-tunable, scalable quantum emitters for information processing and communication. However, they constantly suffer from spectral diffusion due to being exposed to a noisy electrostatic environment. Herein we demonstrate a cavity-photon interface (CPI) which effectively suppresses the temperature-activated spectral diffusion (SD) of a single perovskite nanoplatelet (NPL) up to 40 K. The spectrally stabilized single-photon emission is achieved at a specific emission direction corresponding to an inhibited dipole moment of the NPL as the result of the Fano coupling between the two photon dissipation channels of the NPL. Our results shed light on the nature of the SD of perovskite nanocrystals and offer a general cavity quantum electrodynamic scheme that controls the brightness and spectral dynamics of a single-photon emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing100193, P.R. China
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6
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Wang S, Dyksik M, Lampe C, Gramlich M, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Urban AS, Plochocka P, Surrente A. Thickness-Dependent Dark-Bright Exciton Splitting and Phonon Bottleneck in CsPbBr 3-Based Nanoplatelets Revealed via Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7011-7019. [PMID: 36036573 PMCID: PMC9479212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimized exploitation of perovskite nanocrystals and nanoplatelets as highly efficient light sources requires a detailed understanding of the energy spacing within the exciton manifold. Dark exciton states are particularly relevant because they represent a channel that reduces radiative efficiency. Here, we apply large in-plane magnetic fields to brighten optically inactive states of CsPbBr3-based nanoplatelets for the first time. This approach allows us to access the dark states and directly determine the dark-bright splitting, which reaches 22 meV for the thinnest nanoplatelets. The splitting is significantly less for thicker nanoplatelets due to reduced exciton confinement. Additionally, the form of the magneto-PL spectrum suggests that dark and bright state populations are nonthermalized, which is indicative of a phonon bottleneck in the exciton relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Tang Y, Yin C, Jing Q, Zhang C, Yu ZG, Lu Z, Xiao M, Wang X. Quantized Exciton Motion and Fine Energy-Level Structure of a Single Perovskite Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2907-2914. [PMID: 35362973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantum-confinement effect profoundly influences the exciton energy-level structures and recombination dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures but remains largely unexplored in traditional one-dimensional nanowires mainly due to their poor optical qualities. Here, we show that in defect-tolerant perovskite material of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 nanowires, the exciton's center-of-mass motion perpendicular to the axial direction is severely confined. This is reflected in the two sets of photoluminescence spectra emitted from a single CsPbBr3 nanowire, each of which consists of doublet peaks with linear polarizations perpendicular and parallel to the axial direction. Moreover, different exciton states can be mixed by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling effect, resulting in two single photoluminescence peaks with linear polarizations both along the nanowire axis. The above findings mark the emergence of an ideal platform for the exploration of intrinsic one-dimensional exciton photophysics and optoelectronics, thus bridging the long-missing research gap between the well-studied two- and zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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8
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Otero-Martínez C, Ye J, Sung J, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Xia Z, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. Colloidal Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness-Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107105. [PMID: 34775643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light-induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)-level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide-based lead-halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state-of-the-art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness-controlled synthesis of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge-carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness-controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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9
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Tan Q, Lai JM, Liu XL, Guo D, Xue Y, Dou X, Sun BQ, Deng HX, Tan PH, Aharonovich I, Gao W, Zhang J. Donor-Acceptor Pair Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1331-1337. [PMID: 35073101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters are needed for a myriad of applications ranging from quantum sensing to quantum computing. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) quantum emitters are one of the most promising solid-state platforms to date due to their high brightness and stability and the possibility of a spin-photon interface. However, the understanding of the physical origins of the single-photon emitters (SPEs) is still limited. Here we report dense SPEs in hBN across the entire visible spectrum and present evidence that most of these SPEs can be well explained by donor-acceptor pairs (DAPs). On the basis of the DAP transition generation mechanism, we calculated their wavelength fingerprint, matching well with the experimentally observed photoluminescence spectrum. Our work serves as a step forward for the physical understanding of SPEs in hBN and their applications in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jia-Min Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhou Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuming Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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10
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Alfieri A, Anantharaman SB, Zhang H, Jariwala D. Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2109621. [PMID: 35139247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Alfieri
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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11
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Gramlich M, Swift MW, Lampe C, Lyons JL, Döblinger M, Efros AL, Sercel PC, Urban AS. Dark and Bright Excitons in Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103013. [PMID: 34939751 PMCID: PMC8844578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), with their large exciton binding energy, narrow photoluminescence (PL), and absence of dielectric screening for photons emitted normal to the NPL surface, could be expected to become the fastest luminophores amongst all colloidal nanostructures. However, super-fast emission is suppressed by a dark (optically passive) exciton ground state, substantially split from a higher-lying bright (optically active) state. Here, the exciton fine structure in 2-8 monolayer (ML) thick Csn - 1 Pbn Br3n + 1 NPLs is revealed by merging temperature-resolved PL spectra and time-resolved PL decay with an effective mass model taking quantum confinement and dielectric confinement anisotropy into account. This approach exposes a thickness-dependent bright-dark exciton splitting reaching 32.3 meV for the 2 ML NPLs. The model also reveals a 5-16 meV splitting of the bright exciton states with transition dipoles polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NPL surfaces, the order of which is reversed for the thinnest NPLs, as confirmed by TR-PL measurements. Accordingly, the individual bright states must be taken into account, while the dark exciton state strongly affects the optical properties of the thinnest NPLs even at room temperature. Significantly, the derived model can be generalized for any isotropically or anisotropically confined nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
| | - Michael W. Swift
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
| | - John L. Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of ChemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Munich81377Germany
| | - Alexander L. Efros
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Peter C. Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for EnergyGoldenCO80401USA
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
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Wang X, Bai T, Yang B, Zhang R, Zheng D, Jiang J, Tao S, Liu F, Han KL. Germanium Halides Serving as Ideal Precursors: Designing a More Effective and Less Toxic Route to High-Optoelectronic-Quality Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:636-643. [PMID: 35019656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The three-precursors approach has proven to be advantageous for obtaining high-quality metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). However, the current halide precursors of choice are mainly limited to those highly toxic organohalides, being unfavorable for large-scale and sustainable use. Moreover, most of the resulting PNCs still suffer from low quality in terms of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein we present all-inorganic germanium salts, GeX4 (X = Cl, Br, I), serving as robust and less hazardous alternatives that are capable of ensuring improved material properties for both Pb-based and Pb-free PNCs. Importantly, unlike most of the other inorganic halide sources, the GeX4 compound does not deliver the Ge element into the final compositions, whereas the PLQY and phase stability of the resulting nanocrystals are significantly improved. Theoretical calculations suggest that Ge halide precursors provide favorable conditions in both dielectric environment and thermodynamics, which jointly contribute to the formation of size-confined defect-suppressed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Bai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Junke Jiang
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li C, Zhao L, Shang Q, Wang R, Bai P, Zhang J, Gao Y, Cao Q, Wei Z, Zhang Q. Room-temperature Near-infrared Excitonic Lasing from Mechanically Exfoliated InSe Microflake. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1477-1485. [PMID: 34928140 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of chip-level near-infrared laser sources using two-dimensional semiconductors is imperative to maintain the architecture of van der Waals integrated optical interconnections. However, the established two-dimensional semiconductor lasers may have either the disadvantages of poor controllability of monolayered gain media, large optical losses on silicon, or complicated fabrication of external optical microcavities. This study demonstrates room-temperature near-infrared lasing from mechanically exfoliated γ-phase indium selenide (InSe) microflakes free from external optical microcavities at a center wavelength of ∼1030 nm. The lasing action occurs at the sub-Mott density level and is generated by exciton-exciton scattering with a high net modal optical gain of ∼1029 cm-1. Moreover, the lasing is sustained for microdisks fabricated by a simple laser printing with a reduced threshold. These results suggest that InSe is a promising material for near-infrared microlasers and can be employed in a wide range of applications, including imaging, sensing, and optical interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Dielectric Confinement and Exciton Fine Structure in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113054. [PMID: 34835818 PMCID: PMC8621522 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their flexible chemical synthesis and the ability to shape nanostructures, lead halide perovskites have emerged as high potential materials for optoelectronic devices. Here, we investigate the excitonic band edge states and their energies levels in colloidal inorganic lead halide nanoplatelets, particularly the influence of dielectric effects, in a thin quasi-2D system. We use a model including band offset and dielectric confinements in the presence of Coulomb interaction. Short- and long-range contributions, modified by dielectric effects, are also derived, leading to a full modelization of the exciton fine structure, in cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. The fine splitting structure, including dark and bright excitonic states, is discussed and compared to recent experimental results, showing the importance of both confinement and dielectric contributions.
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15
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Schmitz A, Montanarella F, Schaberg LL, Abdelbaky M, Kovalenko MV, Bacher G. Optical Probing of Crystal Lattice Configurations in Single CsPbBr 3 Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9085-9092. [PMID: 34672607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-confined nanostructures of CsPbBr3 with luminescence quantum efficiencies approaching unity have shown tremendous potential for lighting and quantum light applications. In contrast to CsPbBr3 quantum dots, where the fine structure of the emissive exciton state has been intensely discussed, the relationship among lattice orientation, shape anisotropy, and exciton fine structure in lead halide nanoplatelets has not yet been established. In this work, we investigate the fine structure of the bright triplet exciton of individual CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets by polarization-resolved micro- and magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy at liquid helium temperature and find a large zero-field splitting of up to 2.5 meV. A unique relation between the crystal structure and the photoluminescence emission confirms the existence of two distinct crystal configurations in such nanoplatelets with different alignments of the crystal axes with respect to the nanoplatelet facets. Polarization-resolved experiments eventually allow us to determine the absolute orientation of an individual nanoplatelet on the substrate purely by optical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmitz
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik & CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - L Leander Schaberg
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik & CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdelbaky
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik & CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik & CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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16
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Parzyszek S, Pociecha D, Wolska JM, Lewandowski W. Thermomechanically controlled fluorescence anisotropy in thin films of InP/ZnS quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5387-5392. [PMID: 36132630 PMCID: PMC9418115 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic scale sources of polarized light play a fundamental role in designing light-emitting devices. In this communication we report the formation of nano- and macro-scale ordered, layered assemblies of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exhibiting fluorescence anisotropy (FA), as well as thermo- and mechano-responsive properties. The long-range organization of small, quasi-isotropic nanoparticles was achieved by introducing liquid crystal molecules to the surface of QDs, without the need to use an organic matrix. Melting/crystallization of the ligand at 95 deg. C translated to a reversible reconfiguration of QDs thin film between 2D layered and body-centered cubic structures, characteristic for a temperature range below and above the melting point, respectively. The low-temperature, layered structure exhibited mechano-responsiveness which was key to introduce and control the sample alignment. Interestingly, transverse and parallel alignment modes of QDs layers were achieved, depending on the temperature of mechanical shearing. As prepared QD samples exhibited fluorescence anisotropy strongly correlated to the macroscopic orientation of the layers. Correlated small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and fluorescence spectroscopy studies confirmed the mm-scale alignment of the thin films of QDs. Such films may be advantageous for developing efficient, densely packed, and uniform macro-scale FA sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Parzyszek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 st. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 st. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Maria Wolska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 st. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wiktor Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 st. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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18
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Ricci F, Marougail V, Varnavski O, Wu Y, Padgaonkar S, Irgen-Gioro S, Weiss EA, Goodson T. Enhanced Exciton Quantum Coherence in Single CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots using Femtosecond Two-Photon Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12955-12965. [PMID: 34346667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cesium-halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have gained tremendous interest as quantum emitters in quantum information processing applications due to their optical and photophysical properties. However, engineering excitonic states in quantum dots requires a deep knowledge of the coherent dynamics of their excitons at a single-particle level. Here, we use femtosecond time-resolved two-photon near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to reveal coherences involving a single cesium lead bromide perovskite QD (CsPbBr3) at room temperature. We show that, compared to other nonperovskite nanoparticles, the electronic coherence on a single perovskite QD has a relatively long lifetime of ca. 150 fs, whereas CdSe QDs have exciton coherence times shorter than 75 fs at room temperature. One possible explanation for the longer coherence time observed for the CsPbBr3 perovskite system is related to the exciton fine structure of these perovskite QDs compared to other nanoparticles. These perovskite QDs exhibit interesting optical properties that differ from those of the traditional QDs including bright triplet exciton states. In fact, due to the small amplitude of the energy gap fluctuations of dipole-allowed triplet states in perovskite QDs, the coherent superposition could be preserved for longer times. Furthermore, single-particle excitation approach implemented in this work allows us to remove effects of heterogeneity that are usually present in ensemble averaging experiments at room temperature. The realization of quantum-mechanical phase-coherence of a charge carrier that can operate at room temperature is an issue of great importance for the potential application of coherent electronic phenomena in electronic and optoelectronic devices. These interesting findings provide further evidence of the great potential of these perovskite QDs as candidates for quantum computing and information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ricci
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Veronica Marougail
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Oleg Varnavski
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Hsu BW, Chuang YT, Cheng CY, Chen CY, Chen YJ, Brumberg A, Yang L, Huang YS, Schaller RD, Chen LJ, Chuu CS, Lin HW. Very Robust Spray-Synthesized CsPbI 3 Quantum Emitters with Ultrahigh Room-Temperature Cavity-Free Brightness and Self-Healing Ability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11358-11368. [PMID: 33729770 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although colloidal lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) exhibit desirable emitter characteristics with high quantum yields and narrow bandwidths, instability has limited their applications in devices. In this paper, we describe spray-synthesized CsPbI3 PQD quantum emitters displaying strong photon antibunching and high brightness at room temperature and stable performance under continuous excitation with a high-intensity laser for more than 24 h. Our PQDs provided high single-photon emission rates, exceeding 9 × 106 count/s, after excluding multiexciton emissions and strong photon antibunching, as confirmed by low values of the second-order correlation function g(2)(0) (reaching 0.021 and 0.061 for the best and average PQD performance, respectively). With such high brightness and stability, we applied our PQDs as quantum random number generators, which demonstrably passed all of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's randomness tests. Intriguingly, all of the PQDs exhibited self-healing behavior and restored their PL intensities to greater than half of their initial values after excitation at extremely high intensity. Half of the PQDs even recovered almost all of their initial PL intensity. The robust properties of these spray-synthesized PQDs resulted from high crystallinity and good ligand encapsulation. Our results suggest that spray-synthesized PQDs have great potential for use in future quantum technologies (e.g., quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum computing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Lih-J Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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20
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Liu A, Nagamine G, Bonato LG, Almeida DB, Zagonel LF, Nogueira AF, Padilha LA, Cundiff ST. Toward Engineering Intrinsic Line Widths and Line Broadening in Perovskite Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6499-6506. [PMID: 33769788 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanoplatelets possess extremely narrow absorption and emission line widths, which are crucial characteristics for many optical applications. However, their underlying intrinsic and extrinsic line-broadening mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we apply multidimensional coherent spectroscopy to determine the homogeneous line broadening of colloidal perovskite nanoplatelet ensembles. We demonstrate a dependence of not only their intrinsic line widths but also of various broadening mechanisms on platelet geometry. We find that decreasing nanoplatelet thickness by a single monolayer results in a 2-fold reduction of the inhomogeneous line width and a 3-fold reduction of the intrinsic homogeneous line width to the sub-millielectronvolts regime. In addition, our measurements suggest homogeneously broadened exciton resonances in two-layer (but not necessarily three-layer) nanoplatelets at room-temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gabriel Nagamine
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Bonato
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Almeida
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Zagonel
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana F Nogueira
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lazaro A Padilha
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Steven T Cundiff
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Zhang L, Fu Q, Tan Y, Li X, Deng Y, Zhou ZK, Zhou B, Xia H, Chen H, Qiu CW, Zhou J. Metaoptronic Multiplexed Interface for Probing Bioentity Behaviors. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2681-2689. [PMID: 33522816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biointerface sensors have brought about remarkable advances in modern biomedicine. To accurately monitor bioentity's behaviors, biointerface sensors need to capture three main types of information, which are the electric, spectroscopic, and morphologic signals. Simultaneously obtaining these three types of information is of critical importance in the development of future biosensor, which is still not possible in the existing biosensors. Herein, by synergizing metamaterials, optical, and electronic sensing designs, we proposed the metaoptronic multiplexed interface (MMI) and built a MMI biosensor which can collectively record electric, spectroscopic, and morphologic information on bioentities. The MMI biosensor enables the real-time triple-monitoring of cellular dynamics and opens up the possibility for powerlessly monitoring ocular dryness. Our findings not only demonstrate an advanced multiplexed biointerface sensor with integrated capacities but also help to identify a uniquely significant arena for the nanomaterials, meta-optics, and nanotechnologies to play their roles in a complementary manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Quanying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yayin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuemeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanhui Deng
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongqi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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22
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Zhao W, Su R, Huang Y, Wu J, Fong CF, Feng J, Xiong Q. Transient circular dichroism and exciton spin dynamics in all-inorganic halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5665. [PMID: 33168828 PMCID: PMC7653957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic metal halides perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Br or Cl) show strong excitonic and spin-orbital coupling effects, underpinning spin-selective excitonic transitions and therefore exhibiting great promise for spintronics and quantum-optics applications. Here we report spin-dependent optical nonlinearities in CsPbX3 single crystals by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like a pseudo-magnetic field and thus lift the degeneracy of spin states resulting in a photoinduced circular dichroism. Such spontaneous spin splitting between “spin-up” and “spin-down” excitons can be several tens of milli-electron volts under intense excitations. The exciton spin relaxation time is ~20 picoseconds at very low pump fluence, the longest reported in the metal halides perovskites family at room temperature. The dominant spin-flip mechanism is attributed to the electron-hole exchange interactions. Our results provide essential understandings towards realizing practical spintronics applications of perovskite semiconductors. Strong excitonic effects and spin-orbit coupling in all-inorganic halide perovskite is promising for spintronic application, yet the spin-dependent phenomenon is not well understood. Here, the authors reveal that many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like pseudo-magnetic field, lifting the degeneracy and resulting in circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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23
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Tao W, Zhou Q, Zhu H. Dynamic polaronic screening for anomalous exciton spin relaxation in two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabb7132. [PMID: 33219022 PMCID: PMC7679171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional lead halide perovskites with confined excitons have shown exciting potentials in optoelectronic applications. It is intriguing but unclear how the soft and polar lattice redefines excitons in layered perovskites. Here, we reveal the intrinsic exciton properties by investigating exciton spin dynamics, which provides a sensitive probe to exciton coulomb interactions. Compared to transition metal dichalcogenides with comparable exciton binding energy, we observe orders of magnitude smaller exciton-exciton interaction and, counterintuitively, longer exciton spin lifetime at higher temperature. The anomalous spin dynamics implies that excitons exist as exciton polarons with substantially weakened inter- and intra-excitonic interactions by dynamic polaronic screening. The combination of strong light matter interaction from reduced dielectric screening and weakened inter-/intra-exciton interaction from dynamic polaronic screening explains their exceptional performance and provides new rules for quantum-confined optoelectronic and spintronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiaohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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24
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Steinmetz V, Ramade J, Legrand L, Barisien T, Bernardot F, Lhuillier E, Bernard M, Vabre M, Saïdi I, Ghribi A, Boujdaria K, Testelin C, Chamarro M. Anisotropic shape of CsPbBr 3 colloidal nanocrystals: from 1D to 2D confinement effects. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18978-18986. [PMID: 32915178 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03901b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized strongly anisotropic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with very narrow emission and absorption lines associated to confinement effects along one or two dimensions, called respectively nanoplatelets (NPLs) and nanosticks (NSTs). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra taken at low temperature are very precise tools to determine which kind of confinement has to be considered and to deduce the shape, the size and the thickness of nanocrystals under focus. We show that the energy of the band-edge absorption and PL peaks versus the inverse of the square of the NPL thickness has a linear behaviour from 11 monolayers (MLs) i.e. a thickness of 6.38 nm, until 4 MLs (2.32 nm) showing that self-energy correction compensates the increase of the exciton binding energy in thin NPLs as already observed in Cadmium chalcogenides-based NPLs. We also show that slight changes in the morphology of NSTs leads to a very drastic modification of their absorption spectra. Time-resolved PL of NSTs has a non-monotonous behaviour with temperature. At 5 K, a quasi-single exponential with a lifetime of 80 ps is obtained; at intermediate temperature, the decay is bi-exponential and at 150 K, a quasi-single exponential decay is recovered (≈0.4 ns). For NSTs, the exciton interaction with LO phonons governs the broadening of the absorption and PL peaks at room temperature and is stronger than in chalcogenides quantum dots and NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Steinmetz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
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