1
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Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Monitoring Enzyme Activity Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38669585 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes serve as pivotal biological catalysts that accelerate essential chemical reactions, thereby influencing a variety of physiological processes. Consequently, the monitoring of enzyme activity and inhibition not only yields crucial insights into health and disease conditions but also forms the basis of research in drug discovery, toxicology, and the understanding of disease mechanisms. In this context, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as effective tools for tracking enzyme activity and inhibition through diverse strategies. This perspective explores the physicochemical attributes of SWCNTs that render them well-suited for such monitoring. Additionally, we delve into the various strategies developed so far for successfully monitoring enzyme activity and inhibition, emphasizing the distinctive features of each principle. Furthermore, we contrast the benefits of SWCNT-based NIR probes with conventional gold standards in monitoring enzyme activity. Lastly, we highlight the current challenges faced in this field and suggest potential solutions to propel it forward. This perspective aims to contribute to the ongoing progress in biodiagnostics and seeks to engage the wider community in developing and applying enzymatic assays using SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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2
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Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Rationally Designed Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Real-Time Monitoring of Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition in Plasma. Small 2024:e2309481. [PMID: 38358018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a pivotal role in regulating numerous bodily functions. Thus, there is a growing need for developing sensors enabling real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition. The activity and inhibition of cholinesterase (CHE) enzymes in blood plasma are fluorometrically monitored using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as probes, strategically functionalized with myristoylcholine (MC)- the substrate of CHE. A significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of MC-suspended SWCNTs upon interaction with CHE is observed, attributed to the hydrolysis of the MC corona phase of the SWCNTs by CHE. Complementary measurements for quantifying choline, the product of MC hydrolysis, reveal a correlation between the fluorescence intensity decrease and the amount of released choline, rendering the SWCNTs optical sensors with real-time feedback in the NIR biologically transparent spectral range. Moreover, when synthetic and naturally abundant inhibitors inhibit the CHE enzymes present in blood plasma, no significant modulations of the MC-SWCNT fluorescence are observed, allowing effective detection of CHE inhibition. The rationally designed SWCNT sensors platform for monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition in clinically relevant samples is envisioned to not only advance the field of clinical diagnostics but also deepen further understanding of enzyme-related processes in complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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3
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Beltran E, Serafini MR, Alves IA, Aragón Novoa DM. Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Patent Review (2012-Present). Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:308-335. [PMID: 36740802 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230203111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine is an enzyme responsible for melanin production. Its abnormal accumulation in different parts of the body is known as hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase inhibitors have been used as one of the main approaches to treat these kinds of cosmetic and medical issues. This review aimed to discuss the advances in patents for this class of inhibitors, focusing on synthetic ones, by studying recent patent applications (2012-2022). We performed a screening using the European Patent Office's Espacenet database, from which 15 inventions were selected and fully studied. China has more patent applications, all of them were focused on synthetic methods and the majority declared at least two additional applications as antibrowning agents for fruits and vegetables, biological pesticides, and medicine to treat diseases like Parkinson's or melanoma. The strategies employed by the investigators focused on the examination of previous literature, which oriented on the type of structures that have been found to show good inhibitory activity; the study also examined aspects of their reaction mechanisms and information about the structureactivity relationship. For some groups of inhibitors, such as benzaldehyde and anthraquinone derivatives, the data were meaningful and extensive. In contrast, arginyl and troponoids compounds were difficult to analyze due to the limited research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Beltran
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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4
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Hendler-Neumark A, Wulf V, Bisker G. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensor Selection for the Detection of MicroRNA Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Case Study. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3713-3722. [PMID: 37700465 PMCID: PMC10616859 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding short ribonucleic acid sequences that take part in many cellular and biological processes. Recent studies have shown that altered expression of miRNAs is involved in pathological processes, and they can thus be considered biomarkers for the early detection of various diseases. Here, we demonstrate a selection and elimination process of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sensors for miRNA biomarkers based on RNA-DNA hybridization with a complementary DNA recognition unit bound to the SWCNT surface. We use known miRNA biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, as a case study. We have selected five possible miRNA biomarkers which are selective and specific to AMI and tested DNA-SWCNT sensor candidates with the target DNA and RNA sequences in different environments. Out of these five miRNA sensors, three could recognize the complementary DNA or RNA sequence in a buffer, showing fluorescence modulation of the SWCNT in response to the target sequence. Out of the three working sensors in buffer, only one could function in serum and was selected for further testing. The chosen sensor, SWCNT-miDNA208a, showed high specificity and selectivity toward the target sequence, with better performance in serum compared to a buffer environment. The SWCNT sensor selection pipeline highlights the importance of testing sensor candidates in the appropriate environment and can be extended to other libraries of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Verena Wulf
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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5
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Holyavka MG, Goncharova SS, Redko YA, Lavlinskaya MS, Sorokin AV, Artyukhov VG. Novel biocatalysts based on enzymes in complexes with nano- and micromaterials. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1127-1158. [PMID: 37975005 PMCID: PMC10643816 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's world, there is a wide array of materials engineered at the nano- and microscale, with numerous applications attributed to these innovations. This review aims to provide a concise overview of how nano- and micromaterials are utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzymes act as eco-friendly biocatalysts extensively used in various industries and medicine. However, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to factors such as enzyme instability under different conditions, resulting in reduced effectiveness, high costs, and limited reusability. To address these issues, researchers have explored immobilization techniques using nano- and microscale materials as a potential solution. Such techniques offer the promise of enhancing enzyme stability against varying temperatures, solvents, pH levels, pollutants, and impurities. Consequently, enzyme immobilization remains a subject of great interest within both the scientific community and the industrial sector. As of now, the primary goal of enzyme immobilization is not solely limited to enabling reusability and stability. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to enhance various enzyme properties and improve biocatalyst performance and characteristics. The integration of nano- and microscale materials into biomedical devices is seamless, given the similarity in size to most biological systems. Common materials employed in developing these nanotechnology products include synthetic polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic micro- and nanoparticles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, nano-sized mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, protein-based nano-delivery systems, lipid-based nano- and micromaterials, and polysaccharide-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Holyavka
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | | | - Y. A. Redko
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
| | - M. S. Lavlinskaya
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | - A. V. Sorokin
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
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6
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Kim M, Panagiotakopoulou M, Chen C, Ruiz SB, Ganesh K, Tammela T, Heller DA. Micro-engineering and nano-engineering approaches to investigate tumour ecosystems. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:581-599. [PMID: 37353679 PMCID: PMC10528361 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The interactions among tumour cells, the tumour microenvironment (TME) and non-tumour tissues are of interest to many cancer researchers. Micro-engineering approaches and nanotechnologies are under extensive exploration for modelling these interactions and measuring them in situ and in vivo to investigate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer and extend a systemic view of tumour ecosystems. Here we highlight the greatest opportunities for improving the understanding of tumour ecosystems using microfluidic devices, bioprinting or organ-on-a-chip approaches. We also discuss the potential of nanosensors that can transmit information from within the TME or elsewhere in the body to address scientific and clinical questions about changes in chemical gradients, enzymatic activities, metabolic and immune profiles of the TME and circulating analytes. This Review aims to connect the cancer biology and engineering communities, presenting biomedical technologies that may expand the methodologies of the former, while inspiring the latter to develop approaches for interrogating cancer ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chen Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B Ruiz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Gerstman E, Hendler-Neumark A, Wulf V, Bisker G. Monitoring the Formation of Fibrin Clots as Part of the Coagulation Cascade Using Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21866-21876. [PMID: 37128896 PMCID: PMC10176323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a critical defense mechanism against bleeding that results in the conversion of liquid blood into a solid clot through a complicated cascade, which involves multiple clotting factors. One of the final steps in the coagulation pathway is the conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin mediated by thrombin. Because coagulation disorders can be life-threatening, the development of novel methods for monitoring the coagulation cascade dynamics is of high importance. Here, we use near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to image and monitor fibrin clotting in real time. Following the binding of fibrinogen to a tailored SWCNT platform, thrombin transforms the fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which start to polymerize. The SWCNTs are incorporated within the clot and can be clearly visualized in the NIR-fluorescent channel, where the signal-to-noise ratio is improved compared to bright-field imaging in the visible range. Moreover, the diffusion of individual SWCNTs within the fibrin clot gradually slows down after the addition of thrombin, manifesting a coagulation rate that depends on both fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations. Our platform can open new opportunities for coagulation disorder diagnostics and allow for real-time monitoring of the coagulation cascade with a NIR optical signal output in the biological transparency window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Gerstman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Verena Wulf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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8
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Loewenthal D, Kamber D, Bisker G. Monitoring the Activity and Inhibition of Cholinesterase Enzymes using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fluorescent Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14223-14231. [PMID: 36206351 PMCID: PMC9583068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes are involved in a wide range of bodily functions, and their disruption is linked to pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While cholinesterase inhibitors are used as drug treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia at therapeutic doses, acute exposure to high doses, found in pesticides and nerve agents, can be lethal. Therefore, measuring cholinesterase activity is important for numerous applications ranging from the search for novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders to the on-site detection of potential health hazards. Here, we present the development of a near-infrared (near-IR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) optical sensor for cholinesterase activity and demonstrate the detection of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, as well as their inhibition. We show sub U L-1 sensitivity, demonstrate the optical response at the level of individual nanosensors, and showcase an optical signal output in the 900-1400 nm range, which overlaps with the biological transparency window. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest wavelength cholinesterase activity sensor reported to date. Our near-IR fluorescence-based approach opens new avenues for spatiotemporal-resolved detection of cholinesterase activity, with numerous applications such as advancing the research of the cholinergic system, detecting on-site potential health hazards, and measuring biomarkers in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Loewenthal
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona7410001, Israel
| | - Dotan Kamber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel.,The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel.,Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
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9
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Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for modern basic research and biomedical diagnostics. Their development requires substantial input from the chemical sciences. Sensors or probes with an optical readout, such as fluorescence, offer rapid, minimally invasive sensing of analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The near‐infrared (NIR) region is beneficial because of the reduced background and scattering of biological samples (tissue transparency window) in this range. In this context, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks for biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of advances in SWCNT‐based NIR fluorescent molecular sensors. We focus on chemical design strategies for diverse analytes and summarize insights into the photophysics and molecular recognition. Furthermore, different application areas are discussed—from chemical imaging of cellular systems and diagnostics to in vivo applications and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.,Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Justus T Metternich
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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10
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Department EBS University Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
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11
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Rozhin P, Abdel Monem Gamal J, Giordani S, Marchesan S. Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1037. [PMID: 35160982 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties—their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components—especially in the area of sensing—but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs’ widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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12
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Yaari Z, Horoszko CP, Antman-Passig M, Kim M, Nguyen FT, Heller DA. Emerging technologies in cancer detection. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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García-molina P, García-molina F, Teruel-puche JA, Rodríguez-lópez JN, García-cánovas F, Muñoz-muñoz JL. Considerations about the kinetic mechanism of tyrosinase in its action on monophenols: A review. Molecular Catalysis 2022; 518:112072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Yaari Z, Yang Y, Apfelbaum E, Cupo C, Settle AH, Cullen Q, Cai W, Roche KL, Levine DA, Fleisher M, Ramanathan L, Zheng M, Jagota A, Heller DA. A perception-based nanosensor platform to detect cancer biomarkers. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj0852. [PMID: 34797711 PMCID: PMC8604403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies, present issues for developing biomolecular assays for use in certain technologies, such as implantable devices. Additionally, antibody development and use, especially for highly multiplexed applications, can be slow and costly. We developed a perception-based platform based on an optical nanosensor array that leverages machine learning algorithms to detect multiple protein biomarkers in biofluids. We demonstrated this platform in gynecologic cancers, often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to low survival rates. We investigated the detection of protein biomarkers in uterine lavage samples, which are enriched with certain cancer markers compared to blood. We found that the method enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in patient samples, with F1-scores of ~0.95 in uterine lavage samples from patients with cancer. This work demonstrates the potential of perception-based systems for the development of multiplexed sensors of disease biomarkers without the need for specific molecular recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Yaari
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yoona Yang
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Elana Apfelbaum
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christian Cupo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alex H. Settle
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | - Quinlan Cullen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Winson Cai
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kara Long Roche
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Martin Fleisher
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Ming Zheng
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | | | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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15
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Ehrlich R, Hendler-Neumark A, Wulf V, Amir D, Bisker G. Optical Nanosensors for Real-Time Feedback on Insulin Secretion by β-Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2101660. [PMID: 34197026 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of insulin is essential for diabetes research in general, and for the study of pancreatic β-cell function in particular. Herein, fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are used for the recognition and real-time quantification of insulin. Two approaches for rendering the SWCNT sensors for insulin are compared, using surface functionalization with either a natural insulin aptamer with known affinity to insulin, or a synthetic lipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (C16 -PEG(2000Da)-Ceramide), both of which show a modulation of the emitted fluorescence in response to insulin. Although the PEGylated-lipid has no prior affinity to insulin, the response of C16 -PEG(2000Da)-Ceramide-SWCNTs to insulin is more stable and reproducible compared to the insulin aptamer-SWCNTs. The SWCNT sensors successfully detect insulin secreted by β-cells within the complex environment of the conditioned media. The insulin is quantified by comparing the SWCNTs fluorescence response to a standard calibration curve, and the results are found to be in agreement with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This novel analytical tool for real time quantification of insulin secreted by β-cells provides new opportunities for rapid assessment of β-cell function, with the ability to push forward many aspects of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Ehrlich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Verena Wulf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Dean Amir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Abstract
In cellular environments, metabolites, peptides, proteins, and other biomolecules can self-assemble into planar and fibrilar molecular crystals. We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to show that such biomolecular crystals coupled with low-dimensional materials can form stable hybrid superstructures. We discuss enantiopure and racemic TRP and PHE amino acid crystals adsorbed on or intercalated between graphene, phosphorene, and carbon nanotubes. While racemic biomolecular crystals tend to stay straight in solutions and when adsorbed on flat and cylindrical nanosurfaces, enantiopure crystals undergo twisting. Mixed material properties of these hybrid superstructures can be attractive in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rehak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Departments of Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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