1
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Husel L, Trapp J, Scherzer J, Wu X, Wang P, Fortner J, Nutz M, Hümmer T, Polovnikov B, Förg M, Hunger D, Wang Y, Högele A. Cavity-enhanced photon indistinguishability at room temperature and telecom wavelengths. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3989. [PMID: 38734738 PMCID: PMC11088649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Indistinguishable single photons in the telecom-bandwidth of optical fibers are indispensable for long-distance quantum communication. Solid-state single photon emitters have achieved excellent performance in key benchmarks, however, the demonstration of indistinguishability at room-temperature remains a major challenge. Here, we report room-temperature photon indistinguishability at telecom wavelengths from individual nanotube defects in a fiber-based microcavity operated in the regime of incoherent good cavity-coupling. The efficiency of the coupled system outperforms spectral or temporal filtering, and the photon indistinguishability is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the free-space limit. Our results highlight a promising strategy to attain optimized non-classical light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Husel
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Julian Trapp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherzer
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Nutz
- Qlibri GmbH, Maistr. 67, 80337, München, Germany
| | | | - Borislav Polovnikov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Michael Förg
- Qlibri GmbH, Maistr. 67, 80337, München, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, München, Germany.
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2
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Terashima W, K Kato Y. Optical coupling of individual air-suspended carbon nanotubes to silicon microcavities. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 100:320-334. [PMID: 38866479 PMCID: PMC11377212 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are a telecom band emitter compatible with silicon photonics, and when coupled to microcavities, they present opportunities for exploiting quantum electrodynamical effects. Microdisk resonators demonstrate the feasibility of integration into the silicon platform. Efficient coupling is achieved using photonic crystal air-mode nanobeam cavities. The molecular screening effect on nanotube emission allows for spectral tuning of the coupling. The Purcell effect of the coupled cavity-exciton system reveals near-unity radiative quantum efficiencies of the excitons in carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Terashima
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Montblanch ARP, Barbone M, Aharonovich I, Atatüre M, Ferrari AC. Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x. [PMID: 37322143 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials are taking centre stage in the ever-increasing research effort to develop material platforms for quantum technologies. We are at the dawn of the era of layered quantum materials. Their optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties make them attractive for most aspects of this global pursuit. Layered materials have already shown potential as scalable components, including quantum light sources, photon detectors and nanoscale sensors, and have enabled research of new phases of matter within the broader field of quantum simulations. In this Review we discuss opportunities and challenges faced by layered materials within the landscape of material platforms for quantum technologies. In particular, we focus on applications that rely on light-matter interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R-P Montblanch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barbone
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, (MCQST), Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Hayashi K, Niidome Y, Shiga T, Yu B, Nakagawa Y, Janas D, Fujigaya T, Shiraki T. Azide modification forming luminescent sp 2 defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes for near-infrared defect photoluminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11422-11425. [PMID: 36134499 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azide functionalization produced luminescent sp2-type defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes, by which defect photoluminescence appeared in near infrared regions (1116 nm). Changes in exciton properties were induced by localization effects at the defect sites, creating exciton-engineered nanomaterials based on the defect structure design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Niidome
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tamehito Shiga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Boda Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Kharlamova MV, Burdanova MG, Paukov MI, Kramberger C. Synthesis, Sorting, and Applications of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5898. [PMID: 36079282 PMCID: PMC9457432 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of high-quality chirality-pure single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is vital for their applications. It is of high importance to modernize the synthesis processes to decrease the synthesis temperature and improve the quality and yield of SWCNTs. This review is dedicated to the chirality-selective synthesis, sorting of SWCNTs, and applications of chirality-pure SWCNTs. The review begins with a description of growth mechanisms of carbon nanotubes. Then, we discuss the synthesis methods of semiconducting and metallic conductivity-type and single-chirality SWCNTs, such as the epitaxial growth method of SWCNT ("cloning") using nanocarbon seeds, the growth method using nanocarbon segments obtained by organic synthesis, and the catalyst-mediated chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Then, we discuss the separation methods of SWCNTs by conductivity type, such as electrophoresis (dielectrophoresis), density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGC), low-speed DGC, ultrahigh DGC, chromatography, two-phase separation, selective solubilization, and selective reaction methods and techniques for single-chirality separation of SWCNTs, including density gradient centrifugation, two-phase separation, and chromatography methods. Finally, the applications of separated SWCNTs, such as field-effect transistors (FETs), sensors, light emitters and photodetectors, transparent electrodes, photovoltaics (solar cells), batteries, bioimaging, and other applications, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Material Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubrávská cesta 5807/9, 854 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-BC-2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maria G. Burdanova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Maksim I. Paukov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Kozawa D, Wu X, Ishii A, Fortner J, Otsuka K, Xiang R, Inoue T, Maruyama S, Wang Y, Kato YK. Formation of organic color centers in air-suspended carbon nanotubes using vapor-phase reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2814. [PMID: 35595760 PMCID: PMC9123200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic color centers in single-walled carbon nanotubes have demonstrated exceptional ability to generate single photons at room temperature in the telecom range. Combining the color centers with pristine air-suspended nanotubes would be desirable for improved performance, but all current synthetic methods occur in solution which makes them incompatible. Here we demonstrate the formation of color centers in air-suspended nanotubes using a vapor-phase reaction. Functionalization is directly verified by photoluminescence spectroscopy, with unambiguous statistics from more than a few thousand individual nanotubes. The color centers show strong diameter-dependent emission, which can be explained with a model for chemical reactivity considering strain along the tube curvature. We also estimate the defect density by comparing the experiments with simulations based on a one-dimensional exciton diffusion equation. Our results highlight the influence of the nanotube structure on vapor-phase reactivity and emission properties, providing guidelines for the development of high-performance near-infrared quantum light sources. Organic color centers in single-walled carbon nanotubes can act as single-photon sources in the telecom range. Here the authors report the functionalization of air-suspended nanotubes through a vapor-phase photochemical reaction, demonstrating a further tailoring of quantum emitter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kozawa
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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7
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Carbon Nanotube Devices for Quantum Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041535. [PMID: 35208080 PMCID: PMC8878677 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, quintessentially one-dimensional quantum objects, possess a variety of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are suited for developing devices that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The states of one-dimensional electrons, excitons, and phonons in carbon nanotubes with exceptionally large quantization energies are promising for high-operating-temperature quantum devices. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of carbon-nanotube-based devices for quantum technology, i.e., quantum mechanical strategies for revolutionizing computation, sensing, and communication. We cover fundamental properties of carbon nanotubes, their growth and purification methods, and methodologies for assembling them into architectures of ordered nanotubes that manifest macroscopic quantum properties. Most importantly, recent developments and proposals for quantum information processing devices based on individual and assembled nanotubes are reviewed.
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8
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Shiraki T. Molecular Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes towards Near Infrared Photoluminescent Nanomaterials. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Lohmann SH, Trerayapiwat KJ, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Sharifzadeh S, Ma X. sp3-Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Localized Spins. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17675-17682. [PMID: 33306353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical functionalization-introduced sp3 quantum defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown compelling optical properties for their potential applications in quantum information science and bioimaging. Here, we utilize temperature- and power-dependent electron spin resonance measurements to study the fundamental spin properties of SWCNTs functionalized with well-controlled densities of sp3 quantum defects. Signatures of isolated spins that are highly localized at the sp3 defect sites are observed, which we further confirm with density functional theory calculations. Applying temperature-dependent line width analysis and power-saturation measurements, we estimate the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 and spin dephasing time T2 to be around 9 μs and 40 ns, respectively. These findings of the localized spin states that are associated with the sp3 quantum defects not only deepen our understanding of the molecular structures of the quantum defects but could also have strong implications for their applications in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Hendrik Lohmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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12
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Huang Z, Powell LR, Wu X, Kim M, Qu H, Wang P, Fortner JL, Xu B, Ng AL, Wang Y. Photolithographic Patterning of Organic Color-Centers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906517. [PMID: 32080923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic color-centers (OCCs) have emerged as promising single-photon emitters for solid-state quantum technologies, chemically specific sensing, and near-infrared bioimaging. However, these quantum light sources are currently synthesized in bulk solution, lacking the spatial control required for on-chip integration. The ability to pattern OCCs on solid substrates with high spatial precision and molecularly defined structure is essential to interface electronics and advance their quantum applications. Herein, a lithographic generation of OCCs on solid-state semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube films at spatially defined locations is presented. By using light-driven diazoether chemistry, it is possible to directly pattern p-nitroaryl OCCs, which demonstrate chemically specific spectral signatures at programmed positions as confirmed by Raman mapping and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging. This light-driven technique enables the fabrication of OCC arrays on solid films that fluoresce in the shortwave infrared and presents an important step toward the direct writing of quantum emitters and other functionalities at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lyndsey R Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacob L Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Allen L Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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13
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Hu Y, Zhu L, Peng Y, Fu J, Deng X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Guan C, Karim A, Zhang X. Atomic Self‐reconstruction of Catalyst Dominated Growth Mechanism of Graphite Structures. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Liu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jiecai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xia Deng
- School of Life Science and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chaoshuai Guan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Abdul Karim
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre ofLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Department of PhysicsKarakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan Gilgit 15100 Pakistan
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 239955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Luo Y, He X, Kim Y, Blackburn JL, Doorn SK, Htoon H, Strauf S. Carbon Nanotube Color Centers in Plasmonic Nanocavities: A Path to Photon Indistinguishability at Telecom Bands. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:9037-9044. [PMID: 31682759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishable single photon generation at telecom wavelengths from solid-state quantum emitters remains a significant challenge to scalable quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate efficient generation of "indistinguishable" single photons directly in the telecom O-band from aryl-functionalized carbon nanotubes by overcoming the emitter quantum decoherence with plasmonic nanocavities. With an unprecedented single-photon spontaneous emission time down to 10 ps (from initially 0.7 ns) generated in the coupling scheme, we show a two-photon interference visibility at 4 K reaching up to 0.79, even without applying post selection. Cavity-enhanced quantum yields up to 74% and Purcell factors up to 415 are achieved with single-photon purities up to 99%. Our results establish the capability to fabricate fiber-based photonic devices for quantum information technology with coherent properties that can enable quantum logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luo
- Center for Nanoscale Systems , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | | | - Younghee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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15
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Chen Y, Marty L, Bendiab N. New Light on Molecule-Nanotube Hybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902917. [PMID: 31553098 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronics benefits from outstanding new nanomaterials that provide emission and detection in the visible and near-infrared range, photoswitches, two level systems for single photon emission, etc. Among these, carbon nanotubes are envisioned as game changers despite difficult handling and control over chirality burdening their use. However, recent breakthroughs on hybrid carbon nanotubes have established nanotubes as pioneers for a new family of building blocks for optics and quantum optics. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with molecules or polymers not only preserves the nanotube properties from the environment, but also promotes new performance abilities to the resulting hybrids. Photoluminescence and Raman signals are enhanced in the hybrids, which questions the nature of the electronic coupling between nanotube and molecules. Furthermore, coupling to optical cavities dramatically enhances single photon emission, which operates up to room temperature. This new light on nanotube hybrids shows their potential to push optoelectronics a step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laëtitia Marty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nedjma Bendiab
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
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16
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Lange L, Schäfer F, Biewald A, Ciesielski R, Hartschuh A. Controlling photon antibunching from 1D emitters using optical antennas. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14907-14911. [PMID: 31360977 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon emission is a hallmark of atom-like 0D quantum emitters, such as luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals, nitrogen vacancies in diamond and organic dye molecules. In higher dimensional nanostructures, on the other hand, multiple spatially separated electronic excitations may exist giving rise to more than one emitted photon at a time. We show that optical nanoantennas can be used to control the photon emission statistic of 1D nanostructures and to convert them into single-photon sources. Antenna-control exploits spatially confined near-field enhanced absorption and emission rates resulting in locally increased annihilation of mobile excitons and radiative recombination. As proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate the improvement of the degree of antibunching in the photoluminescence of single carbon nanotubes using a metal tip at room temperature. Our results indicate that, in addition to improving the performance of single photon sources, optical antennas have the potential to open up a broad range of materials for quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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17
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He X, Sun L, Gifford BJ, Tretiak S, Piryatinski A, Li X, Htoon H, Doorn SK. Intrinsic limits of defect-state photoluminescence dynamics in functionalized carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9125-9132. [PMID: 31032824 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Defect states introduced to single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by covalent functionalization give rise to novel photophysics and are showing promise as sources of room-temperature quantum emission of interest for quantum information technologies. Evaluation of their ultimate potential for such needs requires a knowledge of intrinsic dynamic and coherence behaviors. Here we probe population relaxation and dephasing time (T1 and T2, respectively) of defect states following deposition of functionalized SWCNTs on polystyrene substrates that are subjected to an isopropanol rinse to remove surfactant. Low-temperature (4 K) photo-luminescence linewidths (∼100 μeV) following surfactant removal are a factor of ten narrower than those for unrinsed SWCNTs. Measured recombination lifetimes, on the order of 1.5 ns, compare well with those estimated from DFT calculations, indicating that the intrinsic radiatively-limited lifetime is approached following this sample treatment. Dephasing times evaluated directly through an interferometric approach compare closely to those established by photoluminescence linewidths. Dephasing times as high as 12 ps are found; a factor of up to 6 times greater than those evaluated for band-edge exciton states. Such enhancement of dephasing and photoluminescence lifetime behavior is a direct consequence of exciton localization at the SWCNT defect sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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18
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Atsumi H, Belcher AM. DNA Origami and G-Quadruplex Hybrid Complexes Induce Size Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Biological Activation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7986-7995. [PMID: 30011182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA self-assembly has enabled the programmable fabrication of nanoarchitectures, and these nanoarchitectures combined with nanomaterials have provided several applications. Here, we develop an approach for cutting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) of predetermined lengths, using DNA origami and G-quadruplex hybrid complexes. This approach is based on features of DNA: (1) wrapping SWNTs with DNA to improve the dispersibility of SWNTs in water; (2) using G-quadruplex DNA to confine hemin in close proximity to SWNTs and enhance the biological activation of hydrogen peroxide by hemin; and (3) forming DNA origami platforms to allow for the precise placement of G-quadruplexes, enabling size control. These integrated features of DNA allow for temporally efficient cutting of SWNTs into desired lengths, thus expanding the availability of SWNTs for applications in the fields of nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, nanomaterials, and quantum physics, as well as in fundamental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Atsumi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Angela M Belcher
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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