1
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Venkatesh R, Narayan AC, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of deoxybenzoins from β-alkoxy styrenes and arylboronic acids via palladium-catalyzed regioselective Heck-arylation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38864361 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of deoxybenzoin derivatives from styryl ethers and arylboronic acids is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in the presence of TEMPO and provides the desired products in good to excellent yields. Simple operation, broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance are the salient features of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapelly Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
| | - Aswathi C Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
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2
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Cao J, Ding W, Zou G. Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB)-Promoted, Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of N-Tosyl Aryltriazenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4576-4580. [PMID: 38775280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling of N-tosyl aryltriazenes is reported to offer arylalkynes in yields up to 92% with the aid of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a dual activator for both the palladium catalyst and aryltriazenes. Common functional groups could be well tolerated, although large electronic effects from alkynes were observed. TBAB-assisted oxidative addition of palladium(0) to aryltriazene instead of in situ formed arylhalide has been proposed to initiate the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenbin Ding
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Zou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Wang B, Shao Y, Chen Z, Xia Y, Xue F, Jin W, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liu C. Photoinduced Catalyst-Free Deuterodefunctionalization of Aryltriazenes with CDCl 3. Org Lett 2024; 26:4329-4334. [PMID: 38743509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A photoinduced deuterodetriazenation of aryltriazenes with CDCl3 under catalyst-free conditions is reported. The reactions featured simple operation, ecofriendly conditions, readily available reagents, inexpensive D sources, precise site selectivity, and a wide range of substrates. Since aryltriazenes could be readily synthesized from arylamine, this protocol can be used as a general method for easily and accurately incorporating deuterium into aromatic systems by using CDCl3 as a D source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shao
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Ziren Chen
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
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4
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Ouyang J, Yang W, Guo Z, Li F, Liu W, Guo P, Zhou Y, Gao D, Zhang L, Tao S. Modular Cascade of Flow Reactors: Continuous Flow Synthesis of Water-Insoluble Diazo Dyes in Aqueous System. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400413. [PMID: 38702956 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthesis is pivotal in dye production to address batch-to-batch variations. However, synthesizing water-insoluble dyes in an aqueous system poses a challenge that can lead to clogging. This study successfully achieved the safe and efficient synthesis of azo dyes by selecting and optimizing flow reactor modules for different reaction types in the two-step reaction and implementing cascade cooperation. Integrating continuous flow microreactor with continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) enabled the continuous flow synthesis of Sudan Yellow 3G without introducing water-soluble functional groups or using organic solvents to enhance solubility. Optimizing conditions (acidity/alkalinity, temperature, residence time) within the initial modular continuous flow reactor resulted in a remarkable 99.5% isolated yield, 98.6 % purity, and a production rate of 2.90 g h-1. Scaling-up based on different reactor module characteristics further increased the production rate to 74.4 g h-1 while maintaining high yield and purity. The construction of this small 3D-printing modular cascaded reactor and process scaling-up provide technical support for continuous flow synthesis of water-insoluble dyes, particularly high-market-share azo dyes. Moreover, this versatile methodology proves applicable to continuous flow processes involving various homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhaoyan Guo
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Fujun Li
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dali Gao
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shengyang Tao
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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5
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Ito M, Takishima Y, Ishikawa R, Kamimura M, Watanabe H, Konishi T, Higuchi K, Sugiyama S. Development of 3-triazenylaryne and its application to iterative aryne reactions via o-triazenylarylboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14249-14252. [PMID: 37947053 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel aryne species, 3-triazenylaryne, was developed and its regioselectivity was revealed. Based on the regioselectivity, various alkyne moieties were introduced by iodoalkynylation, and further derivatization to o-triazenylarylboronic acids as 3-alkynylaryne precursors was enabled. Therefore, 3-triazenylaryne was developed as a divergent platform for the generation of various 3-alkynylarynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Ito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Yuta Takishima
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Rinto Ishikawa
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Mao Kamimura
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Hana Watanabe
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Konishi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Higuchi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Sugiyama
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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6
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Michel E, Grieser FF, Mackenroth AV, Schukin M, Krämer P, Tahir S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Light-Induced Metal-Free Generation of Cyanocarbenes from Alkynyl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Nitrile Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309274. [PMID: 37515774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of alkynyl triazenes is an emerging field for organic chemists and especially acid-induced nucleophilic functionalizations, either directly, or after a prior reaction towards aromatic triazenes under extrusion of nitrogen, paved the way for fruitful strategies. In contrast, the chemical behavior of alkynyl triazenes upon irradiation with light is still unknown. Herein we present the first photoactivation of alkynyl triazenes that triggers an uncommon reactivity pattern involving the cleavage of the N1-N2 bond of the triazene moiety resulting in a unique approach to cyanocarbenes from a readily available, stable, and insensitive precursor. This allows to access various nitrile compounds without the use of a toxic cyanating agent by exploiting the reactivity pattern of carbenes. By variation of the reaction conditions and light sources, different substitution patterns can be obtained selectively in good yields under mild and metal-free conditions, thus introducing the alkynyl triazene unit as a photo accessible methylene nitrile synthon. Using this synthon, subclasses like α-alkoxynitriles, α-aminonitriles and α-cyanohydrazones become easily available. These exhibit synthetically valuable substitution patterns for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, intermediates for total synthesis and amino acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian F Grieser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schukin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaista Tahir
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Patil DV, Ramesh K, Kim HY, Oh K. Visible-Light-Promoted Aryl Cation Formation: Aromatic S N1 Reactions of Areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7204-7208. [PMID: 37737122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The visible light excitation of areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propane·HCl salts generated the singlet aryl cation that readily underwent aromatic SN1 reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. The in situ generated singlet aryl cation was stabilized by a counter nitronate anion that prevented other intersystem crossing and single electron transfer processes. With the improved safety features of neutral areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propane derivatives, the current visible-light-promoted aromatic SN1 reactions provide an alternative aryl Csp2-X bond forming strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Patil
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Karu Ramesh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhang S, De Leon Rodriguez LM, Li FF, Brimble MA. Recent developments in the cleavage, functionalization, and conjugation of proteins and peptides at tyrosine residues. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7782-7817. [PMID: 37502317 PMCID: PMC10370606 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02543h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein selective modification at tyrosine residues has become an exploding field of research as tyrosine constitutes a robust alternative to lysine and cysteine-targeted traditional peptide/protein modification protocols. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the latest advances in tyrosine-selective cleavage, functionalization, and conjugation of peptides and proteins from the past three years. This updated overview complements the extensive body of work on site-selective modification of peptides and proteins, which holds significant relevance across various disciplines, including chemical, biological, medical, and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 3A Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | | | - Freda F Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 3A Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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9
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Webb EW, Cheng K, Wright JS, Cha J, Shao X, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Room-Temperature Copper-Mediated Radiocyanation of Aryldiazonium Salts and Aryl Iodides via Aryl Radical Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6921-6926. [PMID: 36917154 PMCID: PMC10065967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiocyanation is an attractive strategy for incorporating carbon-11 into radiotracer targets, particularly given the broad scope of acyl moieties accessible from nitriles. Most existing methods for aromatic radiocyanation require elevated temperatures (Cu-mediated reactions of aryl halides or organometallics) or involve expensive and toxic palladium complexes (Pd-mediated reactions of aryl halides). The current report discloses a complementary approach that leverages the capture of aryl radical intermediates by a Cu-11CN complex to achieve rapid and mild (5 min, room temperature) radiocyanation. In a first example, aryl radicals are generated via the reaction of a CuI mediator with an aryldiazonium salt (a Sandmeyer-type reaction) followed by radiocyanation with Cu-11CN. In a second example, aryl radicals are formed from aryl iodides via visible-light photocatalysis and then captured by a Cu-11CN species to achieve aryl-11CN coupling. This approach provides access to radiocyanated products that are challenging to access using other methods (e.g., ortho-disubstituted aryl nitriles).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay S. Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jocelyn Cha
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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11
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King AT, Matesic L, Keaveney ST, Jamie JF. An Investigation into the In Vitro Metabolic Stability of Aryl Sulfonyl Fluorides for their Application in Medicinal Chemistry and Radiochemistry. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1061-1071. [PMID: 36638322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecules that feature a sulfonyl fluoride (SO2F) moiety have been gaining increasing interest due to their unique reactivity and potential applications in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and other biological uses. A particular interest is towards 18F-radiochemistry where sulfonyl fluorides can be used as a method to radiolabel biomolecules or can be used as radiofluoride relay reagents that facilitate radiolabeling of other molecules. The low metabolic stability of sulfonyl fluoride S-F bonds, however, presents an issue and limits the applicability of sulfonyl fluorides. The aim of this work was to increase understanding of what features contribute to the metabolic instability of the S-F bond in model aryl sulfonyl fluorides and identify approaches to increasing sulfonyl fluoride stability for 18F-radiochemistry and other medicinal, synthetic chemistry and biological applications. To undertake this, 14 model aryl sulfonyl fluorides compounds with varying functional groups and substitution patterns were investigated, and their stabilities were examined in various media, including phosphate-buffered saline and rat serum as a model for biological conditions. The results indicate that both electronic and steric factors affect the stability of the S-F bond, with the 2,4,6-trisubstituted model aryl sulfonyl fluorides examined displaying the highest in vitro metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T King
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Joanne F Jamie
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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12
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Bormann CT, Mathew C, António MM, Trotti A, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Terminal 1-Alkynyl Triazene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16882-16886. [PMID: 36459616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
1-Alkynyl triazenes are versatile reagents in synthetic organic chemistry, but the structural diversity of this compound class has so far been limited. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a terminal 1-alkynyl triazene. Subsequent functionalization allows the preparation of 1-alkynyl triazenes with a range of functional groups including esters, alcohols, cyanides, phosphonates, and amides. Furthermore, the terminal 1-alkynyl triazene can be used for the synthesis of di- and triynes and for the preparation of (hetero)aromatic triazenes in metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl T Bormann
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christeena Mathew
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margarida M António
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aude Trotti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Cai Y, Ritter T. Meerwein-type Bromoarylation with Arylthianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209882. [PMID: 36070220 PMCID: PMC9828184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photocatalyzed Meerwein-type bromoarylation of alkenes with stable arylthianthrenium salts, formed by site-selective C-H thianthrenation. This protocol can be applied to late-stage functionalization of a variety of biomolecules that are difficult to access by other aryl coupling reagents. Halogen introduction allows for a variety of follow-up transformations, affording numerous biologically active skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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14
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Si T, Cho H, Kim HY, Oh K. ortho-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed Aerobic Hydrodeamination of Aryl Amines via in Situ De-diazotization of Aryl Diazonium Species. Org Lett 2022; 24:8531-8535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Si
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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15
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Govaerts S, Nakamura K, Constantin T, Leonori D. A Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT)-Based Approach to Indole Synthesis Using Aryl Diazonium Salts and Alkyl Iodides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7883-7887. [PMID: 36268790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indoles are among the most important N-heterocycles in pharmaceuticals. Here, we present an alternative to the classic Fischer indole synthesis based on the radical coupling between aryl diazoniums and alkyl iodides. This iron-mediated strategy features a double role for the aryl diazoniums that sequentially activate the alkyl iodides through halogen-atom transfer and then serve as radical acceptors. The process operates under mild conditions and enables the preparation of densely functionalized indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Govaerts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kento Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Timothée Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
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16
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Venkatesh R, Tiwari V, Kandasamy J. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Sandmeyer-Type S-Arylation of 1-Thiosugars with Aryldiazonium Salts under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11414-11432. [PMID: 35994736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of S-aryl thioglycosides from 1-thiosugars via S-arylation was demonstrated under mild reaction conditions. A wide range of protected and unprotected 1-thiosugars derived from glucose, glucosamine, galactose, mannose, ribose, maltose, and lactose underwent cross-coupling reactions with functionalized aryldiazonium salts in the presence of copper(I) chloride and DBU. The desired products were obtained in 55-88% yields within 5 min. Various functional groups, including halogens, were tolerated under standard reaction conditions. Synthesis of the biologically relevant antidiabetic dapagliflozin S-analogue and arbutin S-analogues (tyrosinase inhibitors) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapelly Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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17
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Katagiri K, Kuriyama M, Yamamoto K, Demizu Y, Onomura O. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Phenols from Diaryliodonium Salts with Water under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:5149-5154. [PMID: 35822911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free synthesis of phenols from diaryliodonium salts with water was developed by using N-benzylpyridin-2-one as an organocatalyst. In this process, sterically congested, functionalized, and heterocycle-containing iodonium salts were smoothly converted to the desired products, and the clofibrate and mecloqualone derivatives were also synthesized in high yields. In addition, the gram-scale experiment was successfully carried out with 10 mmol of a sterically congested substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotone Katagiri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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18
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Guo D, Shi W, Zou G. Suzuki Coupling of Activated Aryltriazenes for Practical Synthesis of Biaryls from Anilines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Guo
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Rd 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Shi
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Rd 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Rd 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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19
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Prabhala P, Sutar SM, Kalkhambkar RG, Jeong YT. Ultrasonication Assisted α‐Arylation of
N‐
heteroarenes Employing 1‐Aryltriazenes Promoted by Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Aerobic Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Prabhala
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Yeon T. Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 608737, Republic of Korea
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20
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Herrera CL, Santiago JV, Pastre JC, Correia CRD. In Tandem Auto‐Sustainable Enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda Reactions Directly from Anilines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Victor Santiago
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 São Paulo Brazil
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21
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Vargas DF, Kaufman TS, Larghi EL. Total Synthesis of Aqabamycin G, a Nitrophenyl Indolylmaleimide Marine Alkaloid from Vibrio sp. WMBA. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13494-13500. [PMID: 35324169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the marine alkaloid aqabamycin G is disclosed. The synthetic sequence involved the stepwise addition to maleimide of an indole motif and a substituted diazo-benzenoid unit derived from acetaminophen. An alternative strategy using a protected phenol is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Vargas
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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22
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Schäfer G, Fleischer T, Blumer N, Udry M, Reber S, Stansfield I, Liu Y, Li Y, Li P. Initial Route Scouting and Final Process Development for the Multi-Kg Production of 3-Fluoro-6-methoxyquinoline from p-Anisidine and 2-Fluoromalonic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Schäfer
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tony Fleischer
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Blumer
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Megan Udry
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reber
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ian Stansfield
- Chiral Quest (Suzhou) Co., Limited, 268 ChangAn Road, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Chiral Quest (Suzhou) Co., Limited, 268 ChangAn Road, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chiral Quest (Suzhou) Co., Limited, 268 ChangAn Road, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Pixu Li
- Chiral Quest (Suzhou) Co., Limited, 268 ChangAn Road, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
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23
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Ito M, Yamabayashi Y, Takishima Y, Higuchi K, Sugiyama S. Aryne Generation from <i>o</i>-Triazenylarylboronic Acids Induced by Brønsted Acid. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:566-572. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Chen J, Xie X, Liu J, Yu Z, Su W. Revisiting aromatic diazotization and aryl diazonium salts in continuous flow: highlighted research during 2001–2021. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium salts play an important role in chemical transformations; however their explosive nature limits their applications in batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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25
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Davis GJ, Townsend JA, Morrow MG, Hamie M, Shepard AJ, Hsieh CC, Marty MT, Jewett JC. Protein Modification via Mild Photochemical Isomerization of Triazenes to Release Aryl Diazonium Ions. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2432-2438. [PMID: 34730351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development of phenyl diazenyl piperidine triazene derivatives that can be activated to release aryl diazonium ions for labeling of proteins using light. These probes show marked bench stability at room temperature and can be photoisomerized via low-intensity UVA irradiation at physiological pH. Upon isomerization, the triazenes are rendered more basic and readily protonate to release reactive aryl diazonium ions. It was discovered that the intensity and duration of the UV light was essential to the observed diazonium ion reactivity in competition with the traditionally observed photolytic radical pathways. The combination of their synthetic efficiency coupled with their overall stability makes triazenes an attractive candidate for use in bioconjugation applications. Bioorthogonal handles on the triazenes are used to demonstrate the ease by which proteins can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Julia A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Madeline G Morrow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mohamed Hamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Abigail J Shepard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chih-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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26
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Lu GH, Huang TC, Hsueh HC, Yang SC, Cho TW, Chou HH. Novel N-transfer reagent for converting α-amino acid derivatives to α-diazo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4839-4842. [PMID: 33870368 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel universal N-transfer reagent for direct and effective transformation of α-amino ketones, acetamides, and esters to the corresponding α-diazo products under mild basic conditions has been developed. This one-step synthetic approach not only allows for generation of α-substituted-α-diazo carbonyl compounds from α-amino acid derivatives but also permits preparation of α-diazo dipeptides from N-terminal dipeptides (32 examples, up to 91%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Han Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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27
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28
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Vinyl and Alkynyl Triazenes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Wijetunge AN, Davis GJ, Shadmehr M, Townsend JA, Marty MT, Jewett JC. Copper-Free Click Enabled Triazabutadiene for Bioorthogonal Protein Functionalization. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:254-258. [PMID: 33492934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium ions have long been used in bioconjugation due to their reactivity toward electron-rich aryl residues, such as tyrosine. However, their utility in biological systems has been restricted due to the requirement of harsh conditions for their generation in situ, as well as limited hydrolytic stability. Previous work describing a scaffold known as triazabutadiene (TBD) has shown the ability to protect aryl diazonium ions allowing for increased synthetic utility, as well as triggered release under biologically relevant conditions. Herein, we describe the synthesis and application of a novel TBD, capable of installation of a cyclooctyne on protein surfaces for later use of copper-free click reactions involving functional azides. The probe shows efficient protein labeling across a wide pH range that can be accomplished in a convenient and timely manner. Orthogonality of the cyclooctyne modification was showcased by labeling a model protein in the presence of hen egg proteins, using an azide-containing fluorophore. We further confirmed that the azobenzene modification can be cleaved using sodium dithionite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjalee N Wijetunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Garrett J Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shadmehr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Julia A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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30
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Ito M, Yamabayashi Y, Oikawa M, Kano E, Higuchi K, Sugiyama S. Silica gel-induced aryne generation from o-triazenylarylboronic acids as stable solid precursors. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed o-triazenylarylboronic acids as stable solid aryne precursors, which generate arynes under mild conditions using silica gel as the sole reagent and undergo reactions with a range of arynophiles both in solution and in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Ito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
| | | | - Mio Oikawa
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
| | - Emi Kano
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
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31
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Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon – carbon and carbon – heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for generation of aryl radicals. The currently used aryl radical precursors include aryl halides, aryldiazonium and diaryliodonium salts, arylcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, arylboronic acids, arylhydrazines, organosulfur(II, VI) compounds and some other compounds. Aryl radicals are generated under mild conditions by single electron reduction or oxidation of precursors induced by conventional reagents, visible light or electric current. A crucial role in the development of the radical arylation methodology belongs to photoredox processes either catalyzed by transition metal complexes or organic dyes or proceeding without catalysts. Unlike the conventional transition metal-catalyzed arylation methods, radical arylation reactions proceed very often at room temperature and have high functional group tolerance. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this review covers the most important advances of the current decade in the generation and synthetic applications of (het)aryl radicals. Examples of reactions are given and mechanistic insights are highlighted.
The bibliography includes 341 references.
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32
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Suleymanov AA, Severin K. Vinyl and Alkynyl Triazenes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:6879-6889. [PMID: 33142011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds containing triazenyl groups (N3 RR') have a profound impact on synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. In contrast, the chemistry of vinyl and alkynyl triazenes was a largely uncharted territory until recently. The situation has changed over the last five years, and it has become apparent that vinyl and alkynyl triazenes are highly interesting compounds with a unique reactivity. The electron-donating properties of the triazenyl group provide alkynyl triazenes with an ynamide-like reactivity, which can be exploited in reactions of the triple bond. Vinyl triazenes, on the other hand, can be used for electrophilic vinylation reactions. The foundation for this new triazene chemistry are synthetic pathways which allow preparing vinyl and alkynyl triazenes in few steps from readily available starting materials. In this Minireview, we summarize recent developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalom A Suleymanov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Constantin T, Juliá F, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. A case of chain propagation: α-aminoalkyl radicals as initiators for aryl radical chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12822-12828. [PMID: 34094477 PMCID: PMC8163300 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of aryl radicals from the corresponding halides by redox chemistry is generally considered a difficult task due to their highly negative reduction potentials. Here we demonstrate that α-aminoalkyl radicals can be used as both initiators and chain-carriers for the radical coupling of aryl halides with pyrrole derivatives, a transformation often employed to evaluate new highly reducing photocatalysts. This mode of reactivity obviates for the use of strong reducing species and was also competent in the formation of sp2 C-P bonds. Mechanistic studies have delineated some of the key features operating that trigger aryl radical generation and also propagate the chain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK https://leonoriresearchgroup.com
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK https://leonoriresearchgroup.com
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University P. O. Box 400 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK https://leonoriresearchgroup.com
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