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Balasubramanian S, León-Luna MÁ, Romero B, Madsen M, Turkovic V. Vitamin C for Photo-Stable Non-fullerene-acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39647-39656. [PMID: 37552771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of the new class of organic molecules, the so-called non-fullerene acceptors, has resulted in skyrocketing power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells. However, rapid degradation occurs under illumination, particularly when photocatalytic metal oxide electron transport layers are used in these devices. We introduced vitamin C (ascorbic acid) into the organic solar cells as a photostabilizer and systematically studied its photostabilizing effect on inverted PBDB-T:IT-4F devices. The presence of vitamin C as an antioxidant layer between the ZnO electron transport layer and the photoactive layer strongly suppressed the photocatalytic effect of ZnO that induces NFA photodegradation. Upon 96 h of exposure to AM 1.5G 1 Sun irradiation, the reference devices lost 64% of their initial efficiency, while those containing vitamin C lost only 38%. The UV-visible absorption, impedance spectroscopy, and light-dependent voltage and current measurements reveal that vitamin C reduces the photobleaching of NFA molecules and suppresses the charge recombination. This simple approach using a low-cost, naturally occurring antioxidant, provides an efficient strategy for improving photostability of organic semiconductor-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambathkumar Balasubramanian
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Miguel Ángel León-Luna
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Electronic Technology Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles 28933, Spain
| | - Morten Madsen
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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2
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Gulomov J, Accouche O, Aliev R, Neji B, Ghandour R, Gulomova I, Azab M. Geometric Optimization of Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12152692. [PMID: 35957123 PMCID: PMC9370162 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising area of research among different new generations of photovoltaic technologies. Their manufacturing costs make them appealing in the PV industry compared to their alternatives. Although PSCs offer high efficiency in thin layers, they are still in the development phase. Hence, optimizing the thickness of each of their layers is a challenging research area. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the thickness of each layer on the photoelectric parameters of n-ZnO/p-CH3NH3PbI3/p-NiOx solar cell through various simulations. Using the Sol-Gel method, PSC structure can be formed in different thicknesses. Our aim is to identify a functional connection between those thicknesses and the optimum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. Simulation results show that the maximum efficiency is obtained using a perovskite layer thickness of 200 nm, an electronic transport layer (ETL) thickness of 60 nm, and a hole transport layer (HTL) thickness of 20 nm. Furthermore, the output power, fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current of this structure are 18.9 mW/cm2, 76.94%, 1.188 V, and 20.677 mA/cm2, respectively. The maximum open-circuit voltage achieved by a solar cell with perovskite, ETL and HTL layer thicknesses of (200 nm, 60 nm, and 60 nm) is 1.2 V. On the other hand, solar cells with the following thicknesses, 800 nm, 80 nm, and 40 nm, and 600 nm, 80 nm, and 80 nm, achieved a maximum short-circuit current density of 21.46 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 83.35%. As a result, the maximum value of each of the photoelectric parameters is found in structures of different thicknesses. These encouraging results are another step further in the design and manufacturing journey of PSCs as a promising alternative to silicon PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasurbek Gulomov
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
- Andijan State Pedagogical Institute, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Oussama Accouche
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Rayimjon Aliev
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
| | - Bilel Neji
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Raymond Ghandour
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Irodakhon Gulomova
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
| | - Marc Azab
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (M.A.)
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3
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Cieplechowicz E, Munir R, Anderson MA, Ratcliff EL, Welch GC. Zinc Oxide-Perylene Diimide Hybrid Electron Transport Layers for Air-Processed Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49096-49103. [PMID: 34636554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the formation of perylene diimide films, from green solvents, for use as electron transporting layers, when combined with ZnO, in inverted-type organic photovoltaics. A modified N-annulated PDI was functionalized with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group to solubilize the material, enabling solution processing from green solvents. Post-deposition treatment of films via thermal annealing cleaves the protecting group yielding the known PDIN-H material, rendering films solvent-resistant. The PDIN-H films were characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. When used to modify the surface of ZnO in inverted-type organic photovoltaics (air-processed and tested) based on the PM6:Y6 and PTQ10:Y6 bulk-heterojunctions, the device power conversion efficiency increases from 9.8 to 11.0% and 7.2 to 9.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cieplechowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rahim Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael A Anderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Erin L Ratcliff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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4
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Hong L, Yao H, Cui Y, Yu R, Lin YW, Chen TW, Xu Y, Qin J, Hsu CS, Ge Z, Hou J. Simultaneous Improvement of Efficiency and Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Cells by using a Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101133. [PMID: 34013657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability are two main tasks for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. In the past few years, although the PCE of the OPV cells has been considerably improved, the research on device stability is limited. Herein, a cross-linkable material, cross-linked [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric styryl dendron ester (c-PCBSD), is applied as an interfacial modification layer on the surface of zinc oxide and as the third component into the PBDB-TF:Y6-based OPV cells to enhance photovoltaic performance and long-term stability. The PCE of the OPV cells that underwent the two-step modification increased from 15.1 to 16.1%. In particular, such OPV cells exhibited much better stability under both thermal and air conditions because of the decreased number of interfacial defects and stable interfacial and active layer morphologies. The results demonstrated that the introduction of a cross-linkable fullerene derivative into the interfacial and active layers is a feasible method to improve the PCE and stability of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - You-Wei Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ziyi Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Venkatesan S, Chen YY, Chien CY, Tsai MH, Teng H, Lee YL. Quasi-solid-state composite electrolytes with Al2O3 and ZnO nanofillers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Huang J, Lee J, Nakayama H, Schrock M, Cao DX, Cho K, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Understanding and Countering Illumination-Sensitive Dark Current: Toward Organic Photodetectors with Reliable High Detectivity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1753-1763. [PMID: 33440123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuously enhanced photoresponsivity and suppressed dark/noise current combinatorially lead to the recent development of high-detectivity organic photodetectors with broadband sensing competence. Despite the achievements, reliable photosensing enabled by organic photodetectors (OPDs) still faces challenges. Herein, we call for heed over a universal phenomenon of detrimental sensitivity of dark current to illumination history in high-performance inverted OPDs. The phenomenon, unfavorable to the attainment of high sensitivity and consistent figures-of-merit, is shown to arise from exposure of the commonly used electron transport layer in OPDs to high-energy photons and its consequent loss of charge selectivity via systematic studies. To solve this universal problem, "double" layer tin oxide as an alternative electron transport layer is demonstrated, which not only eliminates the inconsistency between the initial and after-illumination dark current characteristics but also preserves the low magnitude of dark current, good external quantum efficiency, and rapid transient response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidenori Nakayama
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Max Schrock
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - David Xi Cao
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Yu X, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Shen W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Tang J, Inganäs O. Organic Eu3+-complex-anchored porous diatomite channels enable UV protection and down conversion in hybrid material. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:726-736. [PMID: 33177954 PMCID: PMC7594857 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1799693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The organic Eu3+-complex [Eu(TTA)3Phen] has been incorporated into the channels of surface-modified frustules from diatoms as a key material to absorb and convert UV-photons to visible luminescence. Systematic investigation results indicate that the organic Eu3+-complex encapsulated in the functionalized diatomite channels exhibits enhanced luminescence and longer lifetime, owning to the Eu(TTA)3Phen complex interacting with its surrounding silylating agents. The organic Eu3+-complex-anchored porous diatomite hybrid luminescent material was compounded with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by using a mini-twin screw extruder to prepare a self-supporting film of the hybrid material. Besides, the UV absorption properties of the composite films were investigated. These films will potentially be related to the UV protection of photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Yu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Shen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Farahat ME, Laventure A, Anderson MA, Mainville M, Tintori F, Leclerc M, Ratcliff EL, Welch GC. Slot-Die-Coated Ternary Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor Light Recycling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43684-43693. [PMID: 32946216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on slot-die-coated (SD) ternary blends were developed for low-intensity indoor light harvesting. For active layers processed in air and from eco-friendly solvents, our device performances (under 1 sun and low light intensity) are the highest reported values for fluoro-dithiophenyl-benzothiadiazole donor polymer-based OPVs. The N-annulated perylene diimide dimer acceptor was incorporated into a blend of donor polymer (FBT) and fullerene acceptor (PC61BM) to give ternary bulk heterojunction blends. SD ternary-based devices under 1 sun illumination showed enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.8 to 7.7%. We observed enhancement in the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage of the devices. Under low light intensity light-emitting device illumination (ca. 2000 lux), the ternary-based devices achieved a PCE of 14.0% and a maximum power density of 79 μW/cm2 compared to a PCE of 12.0% and a maximum power density of 68 μW/cm2 for binary-based devices. Under the same illumination conditions, the spin-coated (SC) devices showed a PCE of 15.5% and a maximum power density of 88 μW/cm2. Collectively, these results demonstrate the exceptional promise of a SD ternary blend system for indoor light harvesting and the need to optimize active layers based on industry-relevant coating approaches toward mini modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Audrey Laventure
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael A Anderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mathieu Mainville
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francesco Tintori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Erin L Ratcliff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Thakur S, Mandal SK. Precursor- and Time-Dependent Morphological Evolution of ZnO Nanostructures for Comparative Photocatalytic Activity and Adsorption Dynamics with Methylene Blue Dye. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16670-16680. [PMID: 32685834 PMCID: PMC7364575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diverse ZnO nanostructures were successfully fabricated at 700 °C by direct annealing of 1D Zn(II) coordination polymer precursors, namely, [Zn2(bpma)2(adc)2] n , [Zn2(bpea)2(adc)2] n , and {[Zn2(bpta)2(adc)2]·2H2O} n . The effect of sacrificial ligands present in the precursors as well as a variation in the retention time (6-24 h) during their synthesis resulted in 0D nanospheres, 1D microrods, and 3D polyhedra (with a diamond-like structure) of ZnO. The as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The hexagonal crystal structure was confirmed for all the ZnO samples. A lattice spacing of 0.22 nm has been observed for nanospheres, whereas a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm has been observed for the polyhedra. Their Raman spectra confirm the wurtzite phase of ZnO. UV-vis spectra of ZnO nanostructures exhibit broad peaks in the range of 350-370 nm, and the band gap energies are found to be in the range of 3.02-3.20 eV. Based on the photoluminescence spectra photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures calcined for 12 h were tested with methylene blue (MB) as a contaminant in an aqueous solution. These results demonstrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of polyhedra is higher than those of nanospheres and microrods. The adsorption kinetics of MB dye by these nanostructures were studied by three different kinetic models-Elovich's, intraparticle, and pseudo-second-order. The maximum rate of adsorption was observed with the intraparticle diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli
PO, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sanjay K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli
PO, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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10
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Lee SH, Ko SJ, Eom SH, Kim H, Kim DW, Lee C, Yoon SC. Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14244-14253. [PMID: 32075367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron-transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18 and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (∼1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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11
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Barulin A, Wenger J. Ultraviolet Photostability Improvement for Autofluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy on Label-Free Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2027-2035. [PMID: 32083877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The poor photostability and low brightness of protein autofluorescence have been major limitations preventing the detection of label-free proteins at the single-molecule level. Overcoming these issues, we report here a strategy to promote the photostability of proteins and use their natural tryptophan autofluorescence in the ultraviolet (UV) for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Combining enzymatic oxygen scavengers with antioxidants and triplet-state quenchers greatly promotes the protein photostability, reduces the photobleaching probability, and improves the net autofluorescence detection rate. Our results show that the underlying photochemical concepts initially derived for organic visible fluorescent dyes are quite general. Using this approach, we achieved UV fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on label-free streptavidin proteins containing only 24 tryptophan residues, 6.5× fewer than the current state-of-the-art. This strategy greatly extends the possibility of detecting single label-free proteins with the versatility of single-molecule fluorescence without requiring the presence of a potentially disturbing external fluorescent marker. It also opens new perspectives to improve the UV durability of organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Barulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
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12
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Zhou Y, Tan Y, Xiang Y, Zhu J. Construction of Urchin‐Like ZnO/TiO
2
Direct Z‐Scheme System to Improve Charge Separation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
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13
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Morisot F, Nguyen VH, Montemont C, Maindron T, Muñoz-Rojas D, Mouis M, Langlet M, Ternon C. Al 2O 3, Al doped ZnO and SnO 2 encapsulation of randomly oriented ZnO nanowire networks for high performance and stable electrical devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:385202. [PMID: 31212261 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2aa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional randomly oriented nanowire (NW) networks, also called nanonets (NNs), have remarkable advantages including low-cost integration, good reproducibility and high sensitivity, which make them a promising material for electronic devices. With this work, we focus on the study of ZnO NNs as channel materials in field effect transistors (FETs). In our process, ZnO NWs were assembled in NNs by the liquid filtration method and were integrated in transistors, with the bottom-gate configuration, using simple technological steps. Non-encapsulated devices exhibited state of the art performances but their stability toward air exposure was poor. Using a proper encapsulation of the nanonets, with cheap, abundant and non-toxic oxides, we demonstrate our ability not only to stabilize their electrical properties, but also to enhance performance to values never reach before for ZnO NW-based transistors. Our best FETs exhibit a low Off-current while maintaining a very good On-current, which results in a I on/I off ratio exceeding 106 for a drain voltage of 5 V. The behavior of these ZnO NN-based FETs was studied for three different encapsulation materials, alumina (Al2O3), tin oxide (SnO2) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO). These results prove that ZnO NNs are highly promising materials for an easy and low-cost integration into FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morisot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, IMEP-LaHC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Singh P, Kumar R, Singh RK. Progress on Transition Metal-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles and Its Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P. 470003, India
| | - Ranveer Kumar
- Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P. 470003, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P. 470003, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Bouzid H, Prosa M, Bolognesi M, Chehata N, Gedefaw D, Albonetti C, Andersson MR, Muccini M, Bouazizi A, Seri M. Impact of environmentally friendly processing solvents on the properties of blade‐coated polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bouzid
- Equipe Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques et Photovoltaïque Moléculaire, Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Université de Monastir Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Mario Prosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Margherita Bolognesi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Nadia Chehata
- Equipe Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques et Photovoltaïque Moléculaire, Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Université de Monastir Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Desta Gedefaw
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences The University of South Pacific Laucala Campus Suva Fiji
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Flinders University Sturt Road, Bedford Park Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Cristiano Albonetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Flinders University Sturt Road, Bedford Park Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Michele Muccini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Abdelaziz Bouazizi
- Equipe Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques et Photovoltaïque Moléculaire, Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Université de Monastir Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Mirko Seri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
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16
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Kim J, Jung H, Song J, Kim K, Lee C. Analysis of Interfacial Layer-Induced Open-Circuit Voltage Burn-In Loss in Polymer Solar Cells on the Basis of Electroluminescence and Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24052-24060. [PMID: 28664724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stable and robust open-circuit voltage (VOC) is essential to achieve a long lifetime for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Here, we investigate the VOC burn-in loss mechanism on the basis of the analysis of electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL) and impedance measurements in amorphous PSCs, with an inverted structure having different electron transport layers (ETLs) of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and the sol-gel processed ZnO layer. We found that both charge recombination and energetic disorder account for a substantial proportion of the VOC burn-in loss. Moreover, varying the ETL significantly affected the degree of VOC burn-in loss, although relative contribution of these two factors remained constant. To accurately extract charge recombination-induced VOC loss, we applied a novel yet effective method that relates the EQEEL of PSCs to charge recombination-induced VOC loss. Additional analyses, including those focused on light intensity (Plight)-dependent VOC and density of states, will provide an inclusive perspective on the degradation mechanism of VOC and development of stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cao S, Zheng J, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li C, Guan X, Yang W, Shang M, Wu T. Enhancing the Performance of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Room-Temperature-Processed Ga-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as the Electron Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15605-15614. [PMID: 28421740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal ZnO nanoparticle (NP) films are recognized as efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) with good stability and high efficiency. However, because of the inherently high work function of such films, spontaneous charge transfer occurs at the QD/ZnO interface in such a QD-LED, thus leading to reduced performance. Here, to improve the QD-LED performance, we prepared Ga-doped ZnO NPs with low work functions and tailored band structures via a room-temperature (RT) solution process without the use of bulky organic ligands. We found that the charge transfer at the interface between the CdSe/ZnS QDs and the doped ZnO NPs was significantly weakened because of the incorporated Ga dopants. Remarkably, the as-assembled QD-LEDs, with Ga-doped ZnO NPs as the ETLs, exhibited superior luminances of up to 44 000 cd/m2 and efficiencies of up to 15 cd/A, placing them among the most efficient red-light QD-LEDs ever reported. This discovery provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance QD-LEDs by using RT-processed Ga-doped ZnO NPs as the ETLs, which could be generalized to improve the efficiency of other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cao
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinju Zheng
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University , Siping 136000, China
| | - Zuobao Yang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiyou Yang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Minghui Shang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Tom Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Chen H, Chao P, Han D, Wang H, Miao J, Zhong H, Meng H, He F. Hydroxyl-Terminated CuInS 2-Based Quantum Dots: Potential Cathode Interfacial Modifiers for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7362-7367. [PMID: 28194942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of interfacial modifiers on cathode or anode layers can effectively reduce the recombination loss and thus have potential to enhance the device performance of polymer solar cells. In this work, we demonstrated that hydroxyl-terminated CuInS2-based quantum dots could be potential cathode interfacial modifiers on ZnO layer for inverted polymer solar cells. By casting of a thin film of CuInS2-based quantum dots onto ZnO layer, the controlled devices show obvious enhancements of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor. With an optimized interfacial layer with ∼7 nm thickness, an improvement of power conversion efficiency up to 16% is obtained and the optimized power conversion efficiency of PTB7-based (PTB7: poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b] thiophenediyl]]) polymer solar cells approaches 8.51%. Detailed analysis shows that the performance enhancement can be explained to the improved light absorption, modified work function, reduced surface roughness, and the increased electron transfer of ZnO cathode interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengjie Chao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dengbao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Liang X, Bai S, Wang X, Dai X, Gao F, Sun B, Ning Z, Ye Z, Jin Y. Colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals as charge transporting layers for solution-processed light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1730-1759. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review bridges the chemistry of colloidal oxide nanocrystals and their application as charge transporting interlayers in solution-processed optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bai
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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