1
|
Saeki S, Kawaguchi D, Tsuji Y, Yamamoto S, Yoshizawa K, Tanaka K. Electronic Interaction of Epoxy Resin with Copper at the Adhered Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9725-9731. [PMID: 38652685 PMCID: PMC11080069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of the aggregation states of adhesive molecules in the interfacial region with an adherend is crucial for controlling the adhesion strength and is of great inherent academic interest. The adhesion mechanism has been described through four theories: adsorption, mechanical, diffusion, and electronic. While interfacial characterization techniques have been developed to validate the aforementioned theories, that related to the electronic theory has not yet been thoroughly studied. We here directly detected the electronic interaction between a commonly used thermosetting adhesive, cured epoxy of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and copper (Cu). This study used a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic (TAS) measurements as this epoxy adhesive-Cu pairing is extensively used in electronic device packaging. The DFT calculations predicted that π electrons in a DDM molecule adsorbed onto the Cu surface flowed out onto the Cu surface, resulting in a positive charge on the DDM. TAS measurements for the Cu/epoxy multilayer film, a model sample containing many metal/adhesive interfaces, revealed that the electronic states of excited DDM moieties at the Cu interface were different from those in the bulk region. These results were in good accordance with the prediction by DFT calculations. Thus, it can be concluded that TAS is applicable to characterize the electronic interaction of adhesives with metal adherends in a nondestructive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Saeki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Faculty
of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center
for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center
for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Wang D. Comparing Surface and Bulk Curing Processes of an Epoxy Vitrimer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38470965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We used atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and nanomechanical mapping (AFM-NM) to image the surface of a vitrimer, specifically dicarboxylic acid-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), to assess the curing process of a surface layer and compared this to the process in the bulk. We identified the β-hydroxy esters with various functionalities that are the key to form the cross-links for a system, including difunctional DGEBA and carboxylic acids. The IR peaks of the carbonyl group in generated ester groups are distinguished clearly from those in acids, allowing us to quantitatively assess the curing process at the surface and in the bulk. The initial curing at the surface exhibits a gradual cross-linking and is found to be lower than a rapid cross-linking in the bulk due to a relatively lower concentration of the β-hydroxy esters with high functionalities. This curing process leads to a smaller chemically and mechanically heterogeneous nanostructure at the surface relative to the bulk. After multiple reprocessings, a substantial number of esters lacking dynamic exchange capability form in the bulk, which decrease the flowability and reprocessability of the vitrimers and therefore the mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shoji N, Yamashita T. Tensile Stress Reduction and Strain Concentration of Epoxy Resin Caused by Heterogeneity: A Multiscale Approach Combining Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Finite Element Method. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9066-9073. [PMID: 37844116 PMCID: PMC10615074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of heterogeneity on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin by combining coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) and finite element method (FEM) simulations. To evaluate the heterogeneity effect in the uniaxial elongation, heterogeneous and homogeneous FEM models of micrometer-scale cubic epoxy resin were constructed. For the heterogeneous FEM model, parameters of nanometer-scale elements were determined by CG-MD simulations, where nanometer-scale blocks have different cross-linked structures. For the homogeneous FEM model, the averaged parameters were used for all elements. The calculated stress-strain (S-S) curves of the heterogeneous model exhibit similar tensile stress values when compared to the experimental data, whereas the homogeneous model yields notably higher values. Moreover, a clear strain concentration associated with the formation of the shear band-like structure was observed in the heterogeneous model and not in the homogeneous model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shoji
- Laboratory
for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science
and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- NIPPON
STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., 1-13-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Laboratory
for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science
and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Wang M, Zhang X, Han Y, Wu Y, Wang D, Qin X, Lu Y, Zhang L. Quantification Characterization of Hierarchical Structure of Polyurethane by Advanced AFM and X-ray Techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45388-45398. [PMID: 37705159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) with microphase separation has garnered significant attention due to its highly designable molecular structure and a wide range of adjustable properties. However, there is currently a lack of systematic approaches for quantifying PU's microphase separation. To address this research gap, we utilized an atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanomechanical mapping technique along with Gaussian fitting to recolor and quantitatively analyze the evolution of PU's microphase separation. By varying the ratios of the chain extender to cross-linking agent, we observed the changes in the hydrogen bonding between the soft and hard segments. As the ratio of the chain extender to cross-linking agent decreases, the strength of the hydrogen bonding weakens, resulting in a reduction in the quantity and phase percentage of hard segment (HS) domains. Consequently, the degree of microphase separation between the soft and hard segments decreases, leading to specific alterations in the material's mechanical properties and dynamic viscoelasticity. To further investigate the hierarchical structure of PU, we employed various techniques, such as X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and AFM-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). Our findings reveal a spherulite pattern composed of lamellae within the HS domains, with the cross-linking density gradually increasing from the center to the periphery. Overall, our comprehensive characterization of PU provides valuable insights into its hierarchical structure and establishes a quantitative framework to explore the intricate relationship between the structure and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woodcock JW, Stranick SJ, Kotula AP, Chen SH, Gilman JW, Holmes GA. Reaction-Induced structural and compositional heterogeneity in amine-cured epoxy/epoxy thermosets: Visualization of heterogeneity using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
|
6
|
Wang F, Lin YN, Xu Y, Ba YB, Zhang ZH, Zhao L, Lam W, Guan FL, Zhao Y, Xu CH. Mechanisms of acidic electrolyzed water killing bacteria. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
7
|
Zhang B, Liu S, Yin L, Tian M, Ning N, Zhang L, Wang W. Nanoscale analysis of the interface of dip layer/rubber in fiber/rubber composites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Nguyen HK, Shundo A, Liang X, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K, Nakajima K. Unraveling Nanoscale Elastic and Adhesive Properties at the Nanoparticle/Epoxy Interface Using Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42713-42722. [PMID: 36070235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The addition of a small fraction of solid nanoparticles to thermosetting polymers can substantially improve their fracture toughness, while maintaining various intrinsic thermomechanical properties. The underlying mechanism is largely related to the debonding process and subsequent formation of nanovoids at a nanoscale nanoparticle/epoxy interface, which is thought to be associated with a change in the structural and mechanical properties of the formed epoxy network at the interface compared with the matrix region. However, a direct characterization of the local physical properties at this nanoscale interface remains significantly challenging. Here, we employ a recently developed bimodal atomic force microscopy technique for the direct mapping of nanoscale elastic and adhesive responses of an amine-cured epoxy resin filled with ∼50 nm diameter silica nanoparticles. The obtained elastic modulus and dissipated energy maps with high spatial resolution evidence the existence of a ∼20-nm-thick interfacial epoxy layer surrounding the nanoparticles, which exhibits a reduced modulus and weaker adhesive response in comparison with the matrix properties. While the presence of such a soft and weak-adhesive interfacial layer is found not to affect the architecture of structural heterogeneities in the epoxy matrix, it conceivably supports the toughening mechanism related to the debonding and plastic nanovoid growth at the silica/epoxy interface. The incorporation of this soft interfacial layer into the Halpin-Tsai model also provides a good explanation for the effect of the silica fraction on the tensile modulus of cured epoxy nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Atsuomi Shundo
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ogawa H, Aoki M, Ono S, Watanabe Y, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K, Takenaka M. Spatial Distribution of the Network Structure in Epoxy Resin via the MAXS-CT Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11432-11439. [PMID: 36082480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have succeeded in visualizing the spatial heterogeneity of the reaction ratio in epoxy resins by combining medium-angle X-ray scattering (MAXS) and computed tomography (CT). The reaction ratio is proportional to the degree of cross-linking between epoxy and amine in epoxy resins. The reaction ratio and its spatial inhomogeneity affect the toughness of epoxy resins. However, there has been no non-destructive method to measure the spatial inhomogeneity of the reaction ratio, although we can measure only the spatially averaged reaction ratio by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We found that the scattering peak reflected the cross-linking structures in the q region of MAXS and that the peak intensity is proportional to the reaction ratio. By reconstructing CT images from this peak intensity, we visualized the spatial heterogeneity of the reaction ratio. The application of this method may not be limited to epoxy resins but may extend to studying the heterogeneity of cross-linked structures in other materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mika Aoki
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ono
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cosas Fernandes JP, Federico CE, Basterra-Beroiz B, Weydert M, Quintana R. Revealing phase-specific properties of elastomeric blends and their molecular structure at the nanoscale by AFM. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
11
|
Shundo A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Network Formation and Physical Properties of Epoxy Resins for Future Practical Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1522-1542. [PMID: 35911459 PMCID: PMC9327093 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are used in various fields in a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, modeling compounds, impregnation materials, high-performance composites, insulating materials, and encapsulating and packaging materials for electronic devices. To achieve the desired properties, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how the network formation and physical state change involved in the curing reaction affect the resultant network architecture and physical properties. However, this is not necessarily easy because of their infusibility at higher temperatures and insolubility in organic solvents. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge related to these issues which has been gathered using various experimental techniques in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. This should provide useful ideas for researchers who aim to design and construct various thermosetting polymer systems including currently popular materials such as vitrimers over epoxy resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuomi Shundo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wärnheim A, Edvinsson C, Sundell PE, Heydari G, Deltin T, Persson D. Depth-Resolved FTIR-ATR Imaging Studies of Coating Degradation during Accelerated and Natural Weathering-Influence of Biobased Reactive Diluents in Polyester Melamine Coil Coating. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23842-23850. [PMID: 35847300 PMCID: PMC9280932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improved methods to assess the degradation of coil coatings to approximate lifetime have been an area of academic and industrial interest for decades. This work aims to elucidate the differences in the degradation behavior of two coil coating systems: one standard commercial formulation and one formulation with a significant addition of biorenewable reactive diluents. Depth-resolved degradation behavior of samples exposed to accelerated and natural field weathering is assessed. Focal plane array attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to acquire high-resolution chemical data from a sloping cross section. The results agreed with conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy. Degradation profiles for the two coatings were significantly different, with the biobased samples showing a more durable behavior. This study provides a method for detailed assessment of coating degradation, giving a good estimation of its durability. This is both a way to compare the performance of coating systems and to improve the understanding of the impact of exposure conditions, paving the way for the development of more sustainable coil coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wärnheim
- Division
of Materials and Production, Department of Corrosion, Research Institutes of Sweden, Isafjordsgatan 28A, Kista 16407, Sweden
- School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Camilla Edvinsson
- Division
of Materials and Production, Department of Corrosion, Research Institutes of Sweden, Isafjordsgatan 28A, Kista 16407, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tomas Deltin
- Nordic
United Coatings, Cindersgatan
16, Helsingborg 25225, Sweden
| | - Dan Persson
- Division
of Materials and Production, Department of Corrosion, Research Institutes of Sweden, Isafjordsgatan 28A, Kista 16407, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lei Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Xu L, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu Y. New Strategy to Construct Mechanically Strong and Tough Phenolic Networks by Considering the Effect of Curing Reactions and Physical States on the Cross-Linking Density and Cross-Linking Inhomogeneity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Xi’an Aerospace Composite Materials Research Institute, Xi’an 710025, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621054, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morsch S, Lyon SB, Gibbon S, Irwin M. Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Stuart B. Lyon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Simon Gibbon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morsch S, Wand CR, Emad S, Lyon S, Siperstein F, Malanin M, Muche J, Caspari A, Drechsler A, Eichhorn KJ, Gibbon S. Molecular origins of Epoxy-Amine/Iron oxide interphase formation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:415-425. [PMID: 35042039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Interphase properties in composites, adhesives and protective coatings can be predicted on the basis of interfacial interactions between polymeric precursor molecules and the inorganic surface during network formation. The strength of molecular interactions is expected to determine local segmental mobility (polymer glass transition temperature, Tg) and cure degree. EXPERIMENTS Conventional analysis techniques and atomic force microscopy coupled with infrared (AFM-IR) are applied to nanocomposite specimens to precisely characterise the epoxy-amine/iron oxide interphase, whilst molecular dynamics simulations are applied to identify the molecular interactions underpinning its formation. FINDINGS Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and high-resolution AFM-IR mapping confirm the presence of nanoscale under-cured interphase regions. Interfacial segregation of the molecular triethylenetetraamine (TETA) cross-linker results in an excess of epoxy functionality near synthetic hematite, (Fe2O3) magnetite (Fe3O4) and goethite (Fe(O)OH) particle surfaces. This occurs independently of the variable surface binding energies, as a result of entropic segregation during the cure. Thermal analysis and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that restricted segmental motion is imparted by strong interfacial binding between surface Fe sites in goethite, where the position of surface hydroxyl protons enables synergistic hydrogen bonding and electrostatic binding to Fe atoms at specific sites. This provides a strong driving force for molecular orientation resulting in significantly raised Tg values for the goethite composite samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Charlie R Wand
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seyedgholamreza Emad
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stuart Lyon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Flor Siperstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mikhail Malanin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Muche
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Caspari
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Astrid Drechsler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon Gibbon
- AkzoNobel, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead NE10 0JY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roy Choudhury S, Houston KR, Mason D, Dingemans TJ. Acid‐ and base‐catalyzed
epoxy‐phenol
thermosets from catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone: A
structure–property
study. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Roy Choudhury
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Dawn Mason
- Eastman Chemical Company 200 S Wilcox Dr. Kingsport USA
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iles B, Ribeiro de Sá Guimarães Nolêto I, Dourado FF, de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro F, de Araújo AR, de Oliveira TM, Souza JMT, Barros AB, Sousa GC, de Jesus Oliveira AC, da Silva Martins C, de Oliveira Viana Veras M, de Carvalho Leitão RF, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR, da Silva DA, Medeiros JVR. Alendronate sodium-polymeric nanoparticles display low toxicity in gastric mucosal of rats and Ofcol II cells. NANOIMPACT 2021; 24:100355. [PMID: 35559814 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of bisphosphonates constitutes the gold-standard therapy for the control and treatment of bone diseases. However, its long-term use may lead to gastric problems, which limits the treatment. Thus, this study aimed to formulate a nanostructured system with biodegradable polymers for the controlled release of alendronate sodium. The nanoparticles were characterized, and its gastric toxicity was investigated in rats. The synthesis process proved to be effective for encapsulating alendronate sodium, exhibiting nanoparticles with an average size of 51.02 nm and 98.5% of alendronate sodium incorporation. The release tests demonstrated a controlled release of the drug in 420 min, while the morphological analyzes showed spherical shapes and no apparent roughness. The biological tests demonstrated that the alendronate sodium nanoformulation reversed the gastric lesions, maintaining the normal levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. Also, the encapsulated alendronate sodium showed no toxicity in murine osteoblastic cells, even at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Iles
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro de Sá Guimarães Nolêto
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Flaviane França Dourado
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Alyne Rodrigues de Araújo
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Taiane Maria de Oliveira
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Jessica Maria Teles Souza
- Parnaíba Delta Cell Culture Laboratory (LCC-Delta), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Ayslan Batista Barros
- Parnaíba Delta Cell Culture Laboratory (LCC-Delta), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Costa Sousa
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Antônia Carla de Jesus Oliveira
- Quality Control Center for Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - University City, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Nucleus of Studies in Microscopy and Image Processing - NEMPI, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 994 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Viana Veras
- Nucleus of Studies in Microscopy and Image Processing - NEMPI, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 994 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Renata Ferreira de Carvalho Leitão
- Nucleus of Studies in Microscopy and Image Processing - NEMPI, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 994 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE 60430-160, Brazil
| | - José Roberto de Souza de Almeida Leite
- Center for Research in Applied Morphology and Immunology - NuPMIA, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro - Asa Norte-Brasília-DF, CEP 70.910-900 Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Center (Biotec), Federal University of the Parnaiba Delta, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trigg EB, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Koerner H. Dynamics of Polymerization and Gelation in Epoxy Nanocomposites via X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Trigg
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cano Murillo N, Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani M, Silbernagl D, Emamverdi F, Cacua K, Hodoroaba VD, Sturm H. Carrier Fibers for the Safe Dosage of Nanoparticles in Nanocomposites: Nanomechanical and Thermomechanical Study on Polycarbonate/Boehmite Electrospun Fibers Embedded in Epoxy Resin. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061591. [PMID: 34204405 PMCID: PMC8234054 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcing effect of boehmite nanoparticles (BNP) in epoxy resins for fiber composite lightweight construction is related to the formation of a soft but bound interphase between filler and polymer. The interphase is able to dissipate crack propagation energy and consequently increases the fracture toughness of the epoxy resin. Usually, the nanoparticles are dispersed in the resin and then mixed with the hardener to form an applicable mixture to impregnate the fibers. If one wishes to locally increase the fracture toughness at particularly stressed positions of the fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC), this could be done by spraying nanoparticles from a suspension. However, this would entail high costs for removing the nanoparticles from the ambient air. We propose that a fiber fleece containing bound nanoparticles be inserted at exposed locations. For the present proof-of-concept study, an electrospun polycarbonate nonwoven and taurine modified BNP are proposed. After fabrication of suitable PC/EP/BNP composites, the thermomechanical properties were tested by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Comparatively, the local nanomechanical properties such as stiffness and elastic modulus were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). An additional investigation of the distribution of the nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix, which is a prerequisite for an effective nanocomposite, is carried out by scanning electron microscopy in transmission mode (TSEM). From the results it can be concluded that the concept of carrier fibers for nanoparticles is viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cano Murillo
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technical University of Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Dorothee Silbernagl
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Farnaz Emamverdi
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Karen Cacua
- Faculty of Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Cra. 54A #30-01, Medellín 050013, Colombia;
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.Z.K.); (D.S.); (F.E.); (V.-D.H.); (H.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technical University of Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nanomechanical and Chemical Mapping of the Structure and Interfacial Properties in Immiscible Ternary Polymer Systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Correlating the Photophysical Properties with the Cure Index of Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Schwartz JJ, Le ST, Krylyuk S, Richter CA, Davydov AV, Centrone A. Substrate-mediated hyperbolic phonon polaritons in MoO 3. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0640. [PMID: 36451975 PMCID: PMC9706547 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are hybrid excitations of light and coherent lattice vibrations that exist in strongly optically anisotropic media, including two-dimensional materials (e.g., MoO3). These polaritons propagate through the material's volume with long lifetimes, enabling novel mid-infrared nanophotonic applications by compressing light to sub-diffractional dimensions. Here, the dispersion relations and HPhP lifetimes (up to ≈12 ps) in single-crystalline α-MoO3 are determined by Fourier analysis of real-space, nanoscale-resolution polariton images obtained with the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique. Measurements of MoO3 crystals deposited on periodic gratings show longer HPhPs propagation lengths and lifetimes (≈2×), and lower optical compressions, in suspended regions compared with regions in direct contact with the substrate. Additionally, PTIR data reveal MoO3 subsurface defects, which have a negligible effect on HPhP propagation, as well as polymeric contaminants localized under parts of the MoO3 crystals, which are derived from sample preparation. This work highlights the ability to engineer substrate-defined nanophotonic structures from layered anisotropic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Son T. Le
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aoki M, Shundo A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Effect of a heterogeneous network on glass transition dynamics and solvent crack behavior of epoxy resins. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7470-7478. [PMID: 32747885 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In general, it has been widely accepted that the physical properties of an epoxy resin are strongly dependent on how it is prepared. However, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of the relationship at a molecular level has yet to be achieved. We here studied the glass transition dynamics and fracture behavior of four epoxy resins, which were pre-cured at different temperatures and well cured under the same conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the reaction kinetics for an epoxy-amine mixture were strongly dependent on the pre-curing temperature. The glass transition temperature of epoxy resins with the same cross-linking density was dependent on the pre-curing temperature. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the fragility index of the epoxy resin decreased with increasing pre-curing temperature, indicating that the network structure formed in it became more heterogeneous with increasing pre-curing temperature. Once the epoxy resin was immersed in a good solvent, it was partly swollen and was then macroscopically fractured. The fracture was initiated by the crack generation in an un-swollen region of the resin due to the stress induced upon swelling. The immersion time required to reach the fracture decreased as the extent of the heterogeneity increased. The knowledge here obtained should be useful for understanding and controlling fracture toughness of epoxy resins, leading to the furtherance of their functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Aoki
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Atsuomi Shundo
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morsch S, Lyon S, Edmondson S, Gibbon S. Reflectance in AFM-IR: Implications for Interpretation and Remote Analysis of the Buried Interface. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8117-8124. [PMID: 32412736 PMCID: PMC7467426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AFM-IR combines the chemical sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy with the lateral resolution of scanning probe microscopy, allowing nanoscale chemical analysis of almost any organic material under ambient conditions. As a result, this versatile technique is rapidly gaining popularity among materials scientists. Here, we report a previously overlooked source of data and artifacts in AFM-IR analysis; reflection from the buried interface. Periodic arrays of gold on glass are used to show that the overall signal in AFM-IR is affected by the wavelength-dependent reflectivity and thermal response of the underlying substrate. Excitingly, this demonstrates that remote analysis of heterogeneities at the buried interface is possible alongside that of an overlying organic film. On the other hand, AFM-IR users should carefully consider the composition and topography of underlying substrates when interpreting nanoscale infrared data. The common practice of generating ratio images, or indeed the normalization of AFM-IR spectra, should be approached with caution in the presence of substrate heterogeneity or variable sample thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Lyon
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Edmondson
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gibbon
- AkzoNobel, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear NE10 0JY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kurouski D, Dazzi A, Zenobi R, Centrone A. Infrared and Raman chemical imaging and spectroscopy at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3315-3347. [PMID: 32424384 PMCID: PMC7675782 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology, and the need to understand the chemical composition at the nanoscale, has stimulated the convergence of IR and Raman spectroscopy with scanning probe methods, resulting in new nanospectroscopy paradigms. Here we review two such methods, namely photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). AFM-IR and TERS fundamentals will be reviewed in detail together with their recent crucial advances. The most recent applications, now spanning across materials science, nanotechnology, biology, medicine, geology, optics, catalysis, art conservation and other fields are also discussed. Even though AFM-IR and TERS have developed independently and have initially targeted different applications, rapid innovation in the last 5 years has pushed the performance of these, in principle spectroscopically complimentary, techniques well beyond initial expectations, thus opening new opportunities for their convergence. Therefore, subtle differences and complementarity will be highlighted together with emerging trends and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morsch S, Liu Y, Lyon S, Gibbon S, Gabriele B, Malanin M, Eichhorn KJ. Examining the early stages of thermal oxidative degradation in epoxy-amine resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Tian Y, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun H, Cui Z, Kou L, Cheng J, Zhang J. Preparation and shape memory properties of rigid-flexible integrated epoxy resins via tunable micro-phase separation structures. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Sheng X, Mo R, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wu H. Waterborne Epoxy Resin/Polydopamine Modified Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposite for Anticorrosive Coating. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruibin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma X, Beltran V, Ramer G, Pavlidis G, Parkinson DY, Thoury M, Meldrum T, Centrone A, Berrie BH. Revealing the Distribution of Metal Carboxylates in Oil Paint from the Micro- to Nanoscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11652-11656. [PMID: 31226237 PMCID: PMC9798385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oil paints comprise pigments, drying oils, and additives that together confer desirable properties, but can react to form metal carboxylates (soaps) that may damage artworks over time. To obtain information on soap formation and aggregation, we introduce a new tapping-mode measurement paradigm for the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique that enables nanoscale IR spectroscopy and imaging on highly heterogenous and rough paint thin sections. PTIR is used in combination with μ-computed tomography and IR microscopy to determine the distribution of metal carboxylates in a 23-year old oil paint of known formulation. Results show that heterogeneous agglomerates of Al-stearate and a Zn-carboxylate complex with Zn-stearate nano-aggregates in proximity are distributed randomly in the paint. The gradients of zinc carboxylates are unrelated to the Al-stearate distribution. These measurements open a new chemically sensitive nanoscale observation window on the distribution of metal soaps that can bring insights for understanding soap formation in oil paint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Scientific Research Department, Division of Conservation, National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785 (USA)
| | | | | | - Georges Pavlidis
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (USA)
| | - Dilworth Y. Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la Culture et de la Communication Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, USR 3461, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | - Tyler Meldrum
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23188 (USA)
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (USA)
| | - Barbara H. Berrie
- Scientific Research Department, Division of Conservation, National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Drive, Landover, MD 20785 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma X, Beltran V, Ramer G, Pavlidis G, Parkinson DY, Thoury M, Meldrum T, Centrone A, Berrie BH. Revealing the Distribution of Metal Carboxylates in Oil Paint from the Micro‐ to Nanoscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Scientific Research Department, Division of Conservation National Gallery of Art 2000B South Club Drive Landover MD 20785 USA
| | - Victoria Beltran
- IPANEMA CNRS ministère de la Culture et de la Communication Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, USR 3461 Université Paris-Saclay 91128 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Georg Ramer
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
- Maryland Nanocenter University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Georges Pavlidis
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Dilworth Y. Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- IPANEMA CNRS ministère de la Culture et de la Communication Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, USR 3461 Université Paris-Saclay 91128 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Tyler Meldrum
- Department of Chemistry William & Mary 540 Landrum Drive Williamsburg VA 23188 USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Barbara H. Berrie
- Scientific Research Department, Division of Conservation National Gallery of Art 2000B South Club Drive Landover MD 20785 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schwartz JJ, Chuang HJ, Rosenberger MR, Sivaram SV, McCreary KM, Jonker BT, Centrone A. Chemical Identification of Interlayer Contaminants within van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25578-25585. [PMID: 31265230 PMCID: PMC6903401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) leverage the characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) material building blocks to create a myriad of structures with unique and desirable properties. Several commonly employed fabrication strategies rely on polymeric stamps to assemble layers of 2D materials into vertical stacks. However, the properties of such heterostructures frequently are degraded by contaminants, typically of unknown composition, trapped between the constituent layers. Such contaminants, therefore, impede studies of the intrinsic properties of heterostructures and hinder their application. Here, we use the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique to obtain infrared spectra and maps of the contaminants down to a few attomoles and with nanoscale resolution. Heterostructures comprised of WSe2, WS2, and hexagonal boron nitride layers were found to contain significant amounts of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and polycarbonate, corresponding to the stamp materials used in their construction. Additionally, we verify that an atomic force microscope-based "nanosqueegee" technique is an effective method for locally removing contaminants by comparing spectra within as-fabricated and cleaned regions. Having identified the source of the contaminants, we demonstrate that cleaning PDMS stamps with isopropyl alcohol or toluene prior to vdWH fabrication reduces PDMS contamination within the structures. The general applicability of the PTIR technique for identifying the sources corrupting vdWHs provides valuable guidance for devising mitigation strategies (e.g., stamp cleaning or pre-/post-treatments) and enhances capabilities for producing materials with precisely engineered properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rosenberger
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Saujan V. Sivaram
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Kathleen M. McCreary
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Berend T. Jonker
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- Corresponding Authors:,
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- Corresponding Authors:,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li H, Chen G, Su H, Li D, Sun L, Yang J. Effect of the stoichiometric ratio on the crosslinked network structure and cryogenic properties of epoxy resins cured at low temperature. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Aoki M, Shundo A, Kuwahara R, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Mesoscopic Heterogeneity in the Curing Process of an Epoxy–Amine System. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
34
|
Wieland K, Ramer G, Weiss VU, Allmaier G, Lendl B, Centrone A. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Individual, Chemotherapeutic Cytarabine-loaded Liposomal Nanocarriers. NANO RESEARCH 2019; 12:10.1007/s12274-018-2202-x. [PMID: 31275527 PMCID: PMC6604632 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs is a tradeoff between efficacy and side-effects. Liposomes are nanocarriers that increase therapy efficacy and minimize side-effects by delivering otherwise difficult to administer therapeutics with improved efficiency and selectivity. Still, variabilities in liposome preparation require assessing drug encapsulation efficiency at the single liposome level, an information that, for non-fluorescent therapeutic cargos, is inaccessible due to the minute drug load per liposome. Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) provides nanoscale compositional specificity, up to now, by leveraging an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip contacting the sample to transduce the sample's photothermal expansion. However, on soft samples (e.g. liposomes) PTIR effectiveness is reduced due to the likelihood of tip-induced sample damage and inefficient AFM transduction. Here, individual liposomes loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug cytarabine are deposited intact from suspension via nES-GEMMA (nano-electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis) collection and characterized at the nanoscale with the chemically-sensitive PTIR method. A new tapping-mode PTIR imaging paradigm based on heterodyne detection is shown to be better adapted to measure soft samples, yielding cytarabine distribution in individual liposomes and enabling classification of empty and drug-loaded liposomes. The measurements highlight PTIR capability to detect ≈ 103 cytarabine molecules (≈ 1.7 zmol) label-free and non-destructively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wieland
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics. Research Division Environmental, Process Analytics and Sensors, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Georg Ramer
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics. Research Division Instrumental and Imaging Analytical Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Guenter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics. Research Division Instrumental and Imaging Analytical Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics. Research Division Environmental, Process Analytics and Sensors, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Nguyen Tri P, Prud’homme RE. Crystallization and Segregation Behavior at the Submicrometer Scale of PCL/PEG Blends. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Tri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tuteja M, Kang M, Leal C, Centrone A. Nanoscale partitioning of paclitaxel in hybrid lipid-polymer membranes. Analyst 2018; 143:3808-3813. [PMID: 29878001 PMCID: PMC6215448 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful drug against restenosis and many forms of cancer. However, its clinical application hinges on the ability to achieve suitable stabilized drug concentrations in an aqueous suspension while hindering drug crystallization. To engineer such formulations, it is imperative to understand paclitaxel's partitioning and crystallization within the carrier matrix. Lipid-polymer hybrid films have been recently shown to accommodate large paclitaxel loads and suppress crystallization. Additionally, such hybrid materials promote synergistic drug release compared to the pure constituents. Here, we leverage the composition sensitive photo-thermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique to study paclitaxel partitioning within hybrid films at the nanoscale. PTIR data reveal that paclitaxel nano-crystals segregate from lipid-only films but are well dispersed in polymer-only films. Remarkably, lipid-polymer hybrid films show enhanced partitioning of paclitaxel at the lipid-polymer phase boundaries, but still stifle crystallization, thus paving the way towards compositional and microstructural engineering of small-drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tuteja
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramer G, Ruggeri FS, Levin A, Knowles TPJ, Centrone A. Determination of Polypeptide Conformation with Nanoscale Resolution in Water. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6612-6619. [PMID: 29932670 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The folding and acquisition of proteins native structure is central to all biological processes of life. By contrast, protein misfolding can lead to toxic amyloid aggregates formation, linked to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. To shed light on the molecular basis of protein function and malfunction, it is crucial to access structural information on single protein assemblies and aggregates under native conditions. Yet, current conformation-sensitive spectroscopic methods lack the spatial resolution and sensitivity necessary for characterizing heterogeneous protein aggregates in solution. To overcome this limitation, here we use photothermal-induced resonance to demonstrate that it is possible to acquire nanoscale infrared spectra in water with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Using this approach, we probe supramolecular aggregates of diphenylalanine, the core recognition module of the Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide, and its derivative Boc-diphenylalanine. We achieve nanoscale resolved IR spectra and maps in air and water with comparable SNR and lateral resolution, thus enabling accurate identification of the chemical and structural state of morphologically similar networks at the single aggregate ( i. e., fibril) level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Ramer
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | | | - Aviad Levin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , J J Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morsch S, Kefallinou Z, Liu Y, Lyon SB, Gibbon SR. Controlling the nanostructure of epoxy resins: Reaction selectivity and stoichiometry. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Brown LV, Davanco M, Sun Z, Kretinin A, Chen Y, Matson JR, Vurgaftman I, Sharac N, Giles A, Fogler MM, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Novoselov KS, Maier SA, Centrone A, Caldwell JD. Nanoscale Mapping and Spectroscopy of Nonradiative Hyperbolic Modes in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1628-1636. [PMID: 29451802 PMCID: PMC6140337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inherent crystal anisotropy of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides the ability to support hyperbolic phonon polaritons, that is, polaritons that can propagate with very large wave vectors within the material volume, thereby enabling optical confinement to exceedingly small dimensions. Indeed, previous research has shown that nanometer-scale truncated nanocone hBN cavities, with deep subdiffractional dimensions, support three-dimensionally confined optical modes in the mid-infrared. Because of optical selection rules, only a few of the many theoretically predicted modes have been observed experimentally via far-field reflection and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). The photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique probes optical and vibrational resonances overcoming weak far-field emission by leveraging an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe to transduce local sample expansion caused by light absorption. Here we show that PTIR enables the direct observation of previously unobserved, dark hyperbolic modes of hBN nanostructures. Leveraging these optical modes and their wide range of angular and radial momenta could provide a new degree of control over the electromagnetic near-field concentration, polarization in nanophotonic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa V. Brown
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Dept. Physics, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Andrey Kretinin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yiguo Chen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Joseph R. Matson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 101 Olin Hall, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Igor Vurgaftman
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | | | - Alexander Giles
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - Michael M. Fogler
- Dept. Physics, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Maniki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Maniki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Joshua D. Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 101 Olin Hall, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tri PN, Prud’homme RE. Nanoscale Lamellar Assembly and Segregation Mechanism of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Blends. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128
Centre-ville STN, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128
Centre-ville STN, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ramer G, Aksyuk VA, Centrone A. Quantitative Chemical Analysis at the Nanoscale Using the Photothermal Induced Resonance Technique. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13524-13531. [PMID: 29165992 PMCID: PMC5841475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR, is a scanning probe technique that provides sample composition information with a lateral resolution down to 20 nm. Interest in PTIR stems from its ability to identify unknown samples at the nanoscale thanks, in first approximation, to the direct comparability of PTIR spectra with far-field infrared databases. The development of rapidly tuning quantum cascade lasers has increased the PTIR throughput considerably, making nanoscale hyperspectral imaging within a reasonable time frame possible. Consequently, a better understanding of PTIR signal generation and of the fine details of PTIR analysis has become of paramount importance for extending complex IR analysis methods developed in the far-field, e.g., for classification and hyperspectral imaging, to nanoscale PTIR spectra. Here we calculate PTIR spectra via thin-film optics, to identify subtle changes (band shifts, deviation from linear approximation, etc.) for common sample parameters in the case of PTIR with total internal reflection illumination. Results show signal intensity linearity and small band shifts as long as the sample is prepared correctly, with band shifts typically smaller than macroscale attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Finally, a generally applicable algorithm to retrieve the pure imaginary component of the refractive index (i.e., the chemically specific information) is provided to overcome the PTIR spectra nonlinearity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Ramer
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Vladimir A. Aksyuk
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramer G, Reisenbauer F, Steindl B, Tomischko W, Lendl B. Implementation of Resonance Tracking for Assuring Reliability in Resonance Enhanced Photothermal Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2013-2020. [PMID: 28756704 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817695290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) is a method for optical spectroscopy that allows for infrared (IR) chemical imaging at spatial resolution below the limit of diffraction. By using the mechanical resonance of the cantilever for amplification the technique has been shown to allow sensitivity down to single monolayers. In this work, we discuss the challenges that must be overcome for performing stable resonant PTIR measurements and how imprecise experimental procedures can lead to irreproducible or even erroneous results. We also present a controller design that continuously readjusts the excitation frequency of a PTIR setup back to the resonance frequency in order to allow for accurate resonance-enhanced PTIR measurements. This controller can be used together with a broad range of atomic force microscopes. Schematics and program code for the controller are made freely available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Ramer
- 1 Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 2 Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- 3 Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Florian Reisenbauer
- 1 Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Steindl
- 1 Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Tomischko
- 1 Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- 1 Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kroll D, Croll S. Heterogeneity in polymer networks formed by a single copolymerization reaction: II. Post-gelation structure and pendants. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Vibrational Spectroscopy in Studies of Atmospheric Corrosion. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040413. [PMID: 28772781 PMCID: PMC5507006 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy has been successfully used for decades in studies of the atmospheric corrosion processes, mainly to identify the nature of corrosion products but also to quantify their amounts. In this review article, a summary of the main achievements is presented with focus on how the techniques infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy can be used in the field. Several different studies have been discussed where these instruments have been used to assess both the nature of corrosion products as well as the properties of corrosion inhibitors. Some of these techniques offer the valuable possibility to perform in-situ measurements in real time on ongoing corrosion processes, which allows the kinetics of formation of corrosion products to be studied, and also minimizes the risk of changing the surface properties which may occur during ex-situ experiments. Since corrosion processes often occur heterogeneously over a surface, it is of great importance to obtain a deeper knowledge about atmospheric corrosion phenomena on the nano scale, and this review also discusses novel vibrational microscopy techniques allowing spectra to be acquired with a spatial resolution of 20 nm.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kroll D, Croll S. Heterogeneity in polymer networks formed by a single copolymerization reaction: I. Gelation and pre-gel structure. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Morsch S, van Driel BA, van den Berg KJ, Dik J. Investigating the Photocatalytic Degradation of Oil Paint using ATR-IR and AFM-IR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10169-10179. [PMID: 28256818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As linseed oil has a longstanding and continuing history of use as a binder in artistic paints, developing an understanding of its degradation mechanism is critical to conservation efforts. At present, little can be done to detect the early stages of oil paint deterioration due to the complex chemical composition of degrading paints. In this work, we use advanced infrared analysis techniques to investigate the UV-induced deterioration of model linseed oil paints in detail. Subdiffraction limit infrared analysis (AFM-IR) is applied to identify and map accelerated degradation in the presence of two different grades of titanium white pigment particles (rutile or anatase TiO2). Differentiation between the degradation of these two formulations demonstrates the sensitivity of this approach. The identification of characteristic peaks and transient species residing at the paint surface allows infrared absorbance peaks related to degradation deeper in the film to be extricated from conventional ATR-FTIR spectra, potentially opening up a new approach to degradation monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre,School of Materials, The University of Manchester , The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit A van Driel
- Rijksmuseum , Hobbemastraat, 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands , Hobbemastraat, 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Materials for Arts and Archeology , 3ME, TU Delft, Mekelweg, 3, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Jan van den Berg
- Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands , Hobbemastraat, 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Dik
- Materials for Arts and Archeology , 3ME, TU Delft, Mekelweg, 3, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Roudsari G, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Exploring the Effect of Poly(propylene carbonate) Polyol in a Biobased Epoxy Interpenetrating Network. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:611-617. [PMID: 31457458 PMCID: PMC6641153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) polyol derived from carbon dioxide has been used to make a tough biobased interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). PPC polyol (10, 20, and 30 phr) was added to an epoxy/poly(furfuryl alcohol) IPN, and the effect of PPC polyol on the tensile modulus, tensile strength, tensile toughness, and notched Izod impact strength was determined. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to investigate the effect of PPC polyol on the glass-transition temperature. Loss area (LA) as a characteristic of IPN damping properties was evaluated using DMA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to obtain more information on the morphology of IPNs on the micro- and nanoscale. It was found that the incorporation of PPC polyol improved the notched Izod impact strength and tensile toughness up to 190 and 220%, respectively. The damping factor peak was broadened with the addition of PPC polyol, and the glass-transition temperature was decreased as the amount of PPC polyol increased. The IPN with 20 phr PPC polyol exhibited better damping properties than neat epoxy and the epoxy/PFA IPN. SEM and AFM images revealed that PPC polyol domains were dispersed in the epoxy phase with an average diameter of around 280 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsieh
Mashouf Roudsari
- School
of Engineering, Thornborough Building and Bioproducts Discovery and Development
Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School
of Engineering, Thornborough Building and Bioproducts Discovery and Development
Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School
of Engineering, Thornborough Building and Bioproducts Discovery and Development
Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morsch S, Liu Y, Greensmith P, Lyon SB, Gibbon SR. Molecularly controlled epoxy network nanostructures. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|