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Masternak J, Okła K, Kubas A, Voller J, Kozlanská K, Zienkiewicz-Machnik M, Gilewska A, Sitkowski J, Kamecka A, Kazimierczuk K, Barszcz B. Synthesis, photophysical characterisation, quantum-chemical study and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes based on 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazole and N,N-donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14438-14450. [PMID: 39143927 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the synthesis of four new complexes: the dimeric precursor [Ir(dmppz)2(μ-Cl)]2 (1) (Hdmppz - 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole) and heteroleptic bis-cyclometalated complexes: [Ir(dmppz)2(Py2CO)]PF6·½CH2Cl2 (2), [Ir(dmppz)2(H2biim)]PF6·H2O (3), and [Ir(dmppz)2(PyBIm)]PF6 (4), with auxiliary N,N-donor ligands: 2-di(pyridyl)ketone (Py2CO), 2,2'-biimidazole (H2biim) and 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBIm). In the obtained complexes, SC-X-ray analysis revealed that Ir(III) has an octahedral coordination sphere with chromophores of the type {IrN2C2Cl2} (1) or {IrN4C2} (2-4). The complexes obtained, which have been fully characterised by physicochemical methods (CHN, TG, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL and 1H, 13C, 15N NMR), were used to continue our studies on the factors influencing the cytotoxic properties of potential chemotherapeutic agents (in vitro). To this end, the following studies are presented: (i) comparative analysis of the effects on the biological properties of N,N-donor ligands and C,N-donor ligands in the studied complexes, (ii) studies of the interactions of the compounds with the selected molecular target: DNA and BSA (UV-Vis, CD and PL methods), (iii) and the reactivity towards redox molecules: GSH, NADH (UV-Vis and/or ESI-MS methods), (iv) cytotoxic activity (IC50) of potential chemotherapeutics against MCF-7, K-562 and CCRF-CEM cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Karol Okła
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jiří Voller
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Kozlanská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Agnieszka Gilewska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kamecka
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Siedlce, 3-Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Barszcz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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2
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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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3
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Li HM, Wang MM, Su Y, Fang HB, Su Z. Mitochondria-Targeting Metallodrugs for Cancer Therapy: Perspectives from Cell Death Modes. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400120. [PMID: 38696276 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, recognized as the cellular powerhouses, are indispensable organelles responsible for crucial cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, material synthesis, and signaling transduction. Their intricate involvement in a broad spectrum of diseases, particularly cancer, has propelled the exploration of mitochondria-targeting treatment as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Since the groundbreaking discovery of cisplatin, the trajectory of research on the development of metal complexes have been marked by continuous advancement, giving rise to a diverse array of metallodrugs characterized by variations in ligand types, metal center properties, and oxidation states. By specifically targeting mitochondria, these metallodrugs exhibit the remarkable ability to elicit various programmed cell death pathways, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on recent developments in transition metal-based mitochondria-targeting agents, offering a comprehensive exploration of their capacity to induce distinct cell death modes. The aim is not only to disseminate knowledge but also to stimulate an active field of research toward new clinical applications and novel anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Yang J, Wang MM, Deng DP, Lin H, Su Y, Shao CX, Li SH, Yu ZH, Liu HK, Su Z. Consolidating Organometallic Complex Ir-CA Empowers Mitochondria-Directed Chemotherapy against Resistant Cancer via Stemness and Metastasis Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5235-5245. [PMID: 38452249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has faced severe obstacles due to the smart biological system of cancer cells. Herein, we report a three-in-one agent Ir-CA via attenuation of cancer cell stemness with the down-regulated biomarker CD133 expression from the mitochondria-directed chemotherapy. Over 80% of Ir-CA could accumulate in mitochondria, result in severe mitochondrial dysfunctions, and subsequently initiate mitophagy and cell cycle arrest to kill cisplatin-resistant A549R cells. In vitro and in vivo antimetastatic experiments demonstrated that Ir-CA can effectively inhibit metastasis with down-regulated MMP-2/MMP-9. RNA seq analysis and Western blotting indicated that Ir-CA also suppresses the GSTP1 expression to decrease the intracellular Pt-GS adducts, resulting in the detoxification and resensitization to cisplatin of A549R cells. In vivo evaluation indicated that Ir-CA restrains the tumor growth and has minimal side effects and superior biocompatibility. This work not only provides the first three-in-one agent to attenuate cancer cell stemness and simultaneously realize anticancer, antimetastasis, and conquer metallodrug resistance but also demonstrates the effectiveness of the mitochondria-directed strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chen-Xu Shao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li W, Li T, Pan Y, Li S, Xu G, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang F. Designing a Mitochondria-Targeted Theranostic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Inhibiting Tumor Metastasis through Necroptosis and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3843-3859. [PMID: 38442035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
To develop a potential theranostic metal agent to reverse the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, we proposed to design a cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complex based on the properties of the tumor environment (TME). To the end, we designed and synthesized a series of Ir(III) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes by modifying the hydrogen atom(s) of the N-3 position of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone compounds and the structure of cyclometalated Ir(III) dimers and then investigated their structure-activity and structure-fluorescence relationships to obtain an Ir(III) complex (Ir5) with remarkable fluorescence and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Ir5 not only possesses mitochondria-targeted properties but also overcomes cisplatin resistance and effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Besides, we confirmed the anticancer mechanisms of Ir5 acting on different components in the TME: directly killing liver cancer cells by inducing necroptosis and activating the necroptosis-related immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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6
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Martínez-Alonso M, Jones CG, Shipp JD, Chekulaev D, Bryant HE, Weinstein JA. Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:113-125. [PMID: 38183420 PMCID: PMC11001735 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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7
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Li P, Guo L, Li J, Yang Z, Fu H, Lai K, Dong H, Fan C, Liu Z. Mitochondria-targeted neutral and cationic iridium(III) anticancer complexes chelating simple hybrid sp 2-N/sp 3-N donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1977-1988. [PMID: 38205595 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Most platinum group-based cyclometalated neutral and cationic anticancer complexes with the general formula [(C^N)2Ir(XY)]0/+ (neutral complex: XY = bidentate anionic ligand; cationic complex: XY = bidentate neutral ligand) are notable owing to their intrinsic luminescence properties, good cell permeability, interaction with some biomolecular targets and unique mechanisms of action (MoAs). We herein synthesized a series of neutral and cationic amine-imine cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes using Schiff base ligands with sp2-N/sp3-N N^NH2 chelating donors. The cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes were identified by various techniques. They were stable in aqueous media, displayed moderate fluorescence and exhibited affinity toward bovine serum albumin (BSA). The complexes demonstrated promising cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549 cells, cisplatin-resistant lung cancer A549/DDP cells, cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 9.98 to 19.63 μM. Unfortunately, these complexes had a low selectivity (selectivity index: 1.62-1.98) towards A549 cells and BEAS-2B normal cells. The charge pattern of the metal center (neutral or cationic) and ligand substituents showed little influence on the cytotoxicity and selectivity of these complexes. The study revealed that these complexes could target mitochondria, cause depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and trigger the production of intracellular ROS. Additionally, the complexes were observed to induce late apoptosis and perturb the cell cycle in the G2/M or S phase in A549 cells. Based on these results, it appears that the anticancer efficacy of these complexes was predominantly attributed to the redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Hanxiu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Kangning Lai
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Heqian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
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8
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Joshi B, Shivashankar M. Recent Advancement in the Synthesis of Ir-Based Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43408-43432. [PMID: 38027378 PMCID: PMC10666285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease with over 100 types, including lung and breast cancer. Cisplatin and metal-based drugs are limited due to their drug resistance and side effects. Iridium-based compounds have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique chemical properties and resemblance to platinum compounds. The objective of this study is to investigate the synthesis and categorization of iridium complexes, with a particular emphasis on their potential use as anticancer agents. The major focus of this research is to examine the synthesis of these complexes and their relevance to the field of cancer treatment. The negligible side effects and flexibility of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have garnered significant interest. Organometallic half-sandwich Ir(III) complexes have notable benefits in cancer research and treatment. The review places significant emphasis on categorizing iridium complexes according to their ligand environment, afterward considering the ligand density and coordination number. This study primarily focuses on several methods for synthesizing cyclometalated and half-sandwich Ir complexes, divided into subgroups based on ligand denticity. The coordination number of iridium complexes determines the number of ligands coordinated to the central iridium atom, which impacts their stability and reactivity. Understanding these complexes is crucial for designing compounds with desired properties and investigating their potential as anticancer agents. Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, which contain a meta-cycle with the E-M-C order σ bond, were synthesized in 1999. These complexes have high quantum yields, significant stock shifts, luminescence qualities, cell permeability, and strong photostability. They have been promising in biosensing, bioimaging, and phosphorescence of heavy metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advance Science, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Murugesh Shivashankar
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advance Science, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
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9
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Hu M, Zhou XL, Xiao TX, Hao L, Li Y. Inducing and monitoring mitochondrial pH changes with an iridium(III) complex via two-photon lifetime imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15859-15865. [PMID: 37828856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of mitochondrial dynamic changes plays a key role in the development of mitochondria-targeted anticancer theranostic agents. In this work, a pH-responsive and mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complex MitoIr-NH has been explored as a novel anticancer agent. MitoIr-NH displayed pH-responsive phosphorescence intensity and lifetime, accumulated in mitochondria, showed higher antiproliferative activity and induced a series of mitochondria-related events. Moreover, MitoIr-NH could simultaneously induce mitophagy and quantitatively monitor mitochondrial pH changes through two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPPLIM) in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xin-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Tian-Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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10
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Sun L, Zou M, Du L, Wang S, Ding R, Lu K, Li J, Zhou J. A mitochondria-targeted far-red AIE fluorescent probe for distinguishing between mitophagy and ferroptosis in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12735-12738. [PMID: 37800994 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A mitochondria-targeted far-red fluorescent probe LY-1 with AIE character was formulated to track cell viscosity alterations with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, which was used to discriminate between mitophagy and ferroptosis in cancer cells. Probe LY-1 is expected to be an effective vehicle for the diagnosis of mitochondrial viscosity relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Mengfei Zou
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Longjie Du
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Shugang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Ru Ding
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Keliang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Jianchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, School of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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11
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Panda SP, Singh V. The Dysregulated MAD in Mad: A Neuro-theranostic Approach Through the Induction of Autophagic Biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5214-5236. [PMID: 37273153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The word mad has historically been associated with the psyche, emotions, and abnormal behavior. Dementia is a common symptom among psychiatric disorders or mad (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder) patients. Autophagy/mitophagy is a protective mechanism used by cells to get rid of dysfunctional cellular organelles or mitochondria. Autophagosome/mitophagosome abundance in autophagy depends on microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B-II) and autophagy-triggering gene (ATG) which functions as an autophagic biomarker for phagophore production and quick mRNA disintegration. Defects in either LC3B-II or the ATG lead to dysregulated mitophagy-and-autophagy-linked dementia (MAD). The impaired MAD is closely associated with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. The pathomechanism of psychosis is not entirely known, which is the severe limitation of today's antipsychotic drugs. However, the reviewed circuit identifies new insights that may be especially helpful in targeting biomarkers of dementia. Neuro-theranostics can also be achieved by manufacturing either bioengineered bacterial and mammalian cells or nanocarriers (liposomes, polymers, and nanogels) loaded with both imaging and therapeutic materials. The nanocarriers must cross the BBB and should release both diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents in a controlled manner to prove their effectiveness against psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlighted the potential of microRNAs (miRs) as neuro-theranostics in the treatment of dementia by targeting autophagic biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Focus was also placed on the potential for neuro-theranostic nanocells/nanocarriers to traverse the BBB and induce action against psychiatric disorders. The neuro-theranostic approach can provide targeted treatment for mental disorders by creating theranostic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India.
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India
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12
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Li X, Zhang T, Diao X, Li Y, Su Y, Yang J, Shang Z, Liu S, Zhou J, Li G, Chi H. Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Large Stokes Shift for Long-Term BioImaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093962. [PMID: 37175369 PMCID: PMC10179964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (MITO) play a significant role in various physiological processes and are a key organelle associated with different human diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Thus, detecting the activity of MITO in real time is becoming more and more important. Herein, a novel class of amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active probe fluorescence (AC-QC nanoparticles) based on a quinoxalinone scaffold was developed for imaging MITO. AC-QC nanoparticles possess an excellent ability to monitor MITO in real-time. This probe demonstrated the following advantages: (1) lower cytotoxicity; (2) superior photostability; and (3) good performance in long-term imaging in vitro. Each result of these indicates that self-assembled AC-QC nanoparticles can be used as effective and promising MITO-targeted fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xuebo Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zibo Shang
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Eighth Peoples Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Huirong Chi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Eighth Peoples Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200000, China
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13
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Chen J, Liu H, Chen Y, Hu H, Huang C, Wang Y, Liang L, Liu Y. Iridium(III) complexes inhibit the proliferation and migration of BEL-7402 cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112145. [PMID: 36709684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are largely studied as anti-cancer complexes due to their excellent anti-cancer activity. In this article, two new iridium(III) complexes [Ir(piq)2(THPIP)]PF6 (THPIP = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol, piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline) (Ir1) and [Ir(bzq)2(THPIP)]PF6 (bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinolone) (Ir2) were synthesized. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays showed that complex Ir1 exhibits moderate activity (IC50 = 29.9 ± 4.6 μM) and Ir2 shows high cytotoxicity (IC50 = 9.8 ± 1.8 μM) against BEL-7402 cells. Further studies on the mechanism showed that Ir1 and Ir2 induced apoptosis by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ release, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The complexes can effectively inhibit cell colony formation and migration. The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), AKT (protein kinase B), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and p-mTOR was studied by immunoblotting. Complexes Ir1 and Ir2 downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins of Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Further experiments showed that the complexes inhibited the production of glutathione (GSH) and increased the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA). Fluorescence of HMGB1 was significantly increased. We also investigated the effect of the complexes on the expression of genes using RNA-sequence analysis, we further calculated the lowest binding energies between the complexes and proteins using molecular docking. Taken together, the above results indicated that complexes Ir1 and Ir2 induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haimei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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14
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Gao WJ, Wang MM, Su Y, Yu ZH, Liu HK, Su Z. Self-Assembly Mitochondria-Targeting Donor-Acceptor Type Theranostic Nanosphere Activates ROS Storm for Multimodal Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:722-732. [PMID: 36626248 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of cancer theranostics with natural diagnostic information and therapeutic behavior has been considered to be a big challenge, since common theranostics from photothermal and photodynamic therapy need to be activated with external stimuli of photoirradiation to enable the chemotherapeutic effects. In this contribution, we have designed and synthesized a series of simple theranostic agents, TPA-N-n (n = 4, 8, 12), which could accumulate at the tumor site over 48 h and indicate superior antiproliferative performance in vivo. TPA-N-n was constructed with electron donor triphenylamine-acceptor benzothiadiazole-mitochondria-targeting moiety pyridinium. Complex TPA-N-8 indicated the best cytotoxicity to cancerous HeLa cells, with an IC50 value of 4.3 μM, and could self-assemble to a nanosphere with a size of 161.2 nm in the DMSO/PBS solution. It is worth noting that TPA-N-8 could accumulate in the mitochondria and produce major ROS species O2•- and OH• as well as small amounts of 1O2 without photoirradiation. Oxidative DNA damage is initiated due to the imbalance of intracellular redox homeostasis from the significant ROS storm. Multimodal synergistic therapy for HeLa cells was activated, as the PINK1-mediated mitophagy from the damaged mitochondria and DNA damage responsive (DDR) induced necroptosis and autophagy. This work not only provided a successful D-A type theranostic agent with superior anticancer performance from multimodal synergistic therapy but also further demonstrated the high efficacy of a mitochondria-targeting strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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15
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Yang T, Zhu M, Jiang M, Yang F, Zhang Z. Current status of iridium-based complexes against lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025544. [PMID: 36210835 PMCID: PMC9538862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the highest mortality rate in the world, and its incidence is second only to breast cancer. It has posed a serious threat to human health. Cisplatin, a metal-based drug, is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical efficacy is seriously limited by numerous side effects and drug resistance. This has led to the exploration and development of other transition metal complexes for the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years, iridium-based complexes have attracted extensive attention due to their potent anticancer activities, limited side effects, unique antitumor mechanisms, and rich optical properties, and are expected to be potential antitumor drugs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of iridium complexes against lung cancer and introduce their anti-tumor mechanisms, including apoptosis, cycle arrest, inhibition of lung cancer cell migration, induction of immunogenic cell death, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- School of food and biochemical engineering, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenlei Zhang,
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16
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Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes for Biolabeling and Biosensing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:35. [PMID: 35948820 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence emission with lifetime of submicroseconds to several microseconds at room temperature. Their synthetic versatility enables broad control of physical properties, such as charge and lipophilicity, as well as emission colors. These favorable properties have motivated the use of Ir(III) complexes in luminescent bioimaging applications. This review examines the recent progress in the development of phosphorescent biolabels and sensors based on Ir(III) complexes. It begins with a brief introduction about the basic principles of the syntheses and photophysical processes of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. Focus is placed on illustrating the broad imaging utility of Ir(III) complexes. Phosphorescent labels illuminating intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and cell membranes, are summarized. Ir(III) complexes capable of visualization of tumor spheroids and parasites are also introduced. Facile chemical modification of the cyclometalating ligands endows the Ir(III) complexes with strong sensing ability. Sensors of temperature, pH, CO2, metal ions, anions, biosulfur species, reactive oxygen species, peptides, and viscosity have recently been added to the molecular imaging tools. This diverse utility demonstrates the potential of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes toward bioimaging applications.
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17
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Zheng N, Wang Q, Zhang S, Mao C, He L, Liu S. Recent advances in nanotechnology mediated mitochondria-targeted imaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7450-7459. [PMID: 35894786 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in cell growth and metabolism. And mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to various diseases, such as cancers, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is of vital importance to monitor mitochondrial dynamics and function. One of the most widely used methods is to use nanotechnology-mediated mitochondria targeting and imaging. It has gained increasing attention in the past few years because of the flexibility, versatility and effectiveness of nanotechnology. In the past few years, researchers have implemented various types of design and construction of the mitochondrial structure dependent nanoprobes following assorted nanotechnology pathways. This review presents an overview on the recent development of mitochondrial structure dependent target imaging probes and classifies it into two main sections: mitochondrial membrane targeting and mitochondrial microenvironment targeting. Also, the significant impact of previous research as well as the application and perspectives will be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zheng
- School of Medicine and Health, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qinghui Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Shijin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Chenchen Mao
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80303, USA
| | - Liangcan He
- School of Medicine and Health, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Medicine and Health, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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18
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Wang MM, Xu FJ, Su Y, Geng Y, Qian XT, Xue XL, Kong YQ, Yu ZH, Liu HK, Su Z. A New Strategy to Fight Metallodrug Resistance: Mitochondria-Relevant Treatment through Mitophagy to Inhibit Metabolic Adaptations of Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203843. [PMID: 35384194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations can help cancer cells to escape from chemotherapeutics, mainly involving autophagy and ATP production. Herein, we report a new rhein-based cyclometalated IrIII complex, Ir-Rhein, that can accurately target mitochondria and effectively inhibit metabolic adaptations. The complex Ir-Rhein induces severe mitochondrial damage and initiates mitophagy to reduce the number of mitochondria and subsequently inhibit both mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, which eventually leads to ATP starvation death. Moreover, Ir-Rhein can overcome cisplatin resistance. Co-incubation experiment, 3D tumor spheroids experiment and transcriptome analysis reveal that Ir-Rhein shows promising antiproliferation performance for cisplatin-resistant cancer cells with the regulation of platinum resistance-related transporters. To our knowledge, this is a new strategy to overcome metallodrug resistance with a mitochondria-relevant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fu-Jie Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Ling Xue
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Kong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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19
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Hao L, Ling YY, Huang ZX, Pan ZY, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Real-time tracking of ER turnover during ERLAD by a rhenium complex via lifetime imaging. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab194. [PMID: 35958681 PMCID: PMC9362766 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation by autophagy (ER-phagy) is a recently revealed selective autophagy pathway that plays important roles in organelle turnover and protein degradation, but the biological functions of ER-phagy are largely unknown. Here, we present an ER-targeting Re(I) tricarbonyl complex (Re-ERLAD) that can accumulate in the ER, induce ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) upon visible light irradiation, and label ER buds and track their morphological alterations during ER-phagy. The emission of Re-ERLAD is sensitive to viscosity, which is a key parameter reflecting the amount of unfolded protein in the ER. Quantitative detection using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy shows that ER viscosity initially increases and then decreases during ERLAD, which reveals that ERLAD is a pathway for alleviating ER stress caused by unfolded proteins. In conclusion, our work presents the first specific photoinducer and tracker of ERLAD, which can be used in studying the regulatory mechanism and function of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Yi Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Wang MM, Li HM, Deng DP, Su Y, Su Z. Anticancer performance of Ir(III)-based anticancer agents in the treatment of cisplatin resistant cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200273. [PMID: 35726053 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The resistance to cisplatin of cancer cells have dramatically blocked its further application in the practical treatment. The generation of cisplatin resistance was a complicated physiological process, even several mechanisms have been reported. New metal-based agents with distinct anticancer mechanisms were still highly desired. In this concept, we have described Ir(III)-based anticancer agents and the underlying anticancer mechanisms, which could inhibit the antiproliferation of cisplatin resistant tumors. This work could benefit the society to develop more effective Ir(III)-based agents to combat cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Su
- Nanjing Normal University, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhi Su
- Nanjing Normal University, Chemistry, Wenyuan Rd. #1, 210093, Nanjing, CHINA
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21
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Rational design of mitochondria targeted thiabendazole-based Ir(III) biscyclometalated complexes for a multimodal photodynamic therapy of cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Liu B, Chen Z, Li Y, Du XF, Zhang W, Zhang W, Lai Y, Li Y. Brominated cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for mitochondrial immobilization as potential anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7650-7657. [PMID: 35510904 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted iridium complexes for anticancer studies have received increasing attention in recent years. Herein, three cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3 [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)](PF6) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy)) or 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (bpybt); [N^C = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) or 2-phenylquinoline (pq) or 2-(4-bromophenyl)benzo[d]thiazole (bpbt)] had been explored as potential mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. All of the complexes mainly localized in the mitochondria and could be fixed on the mitochondria through a nucleophilic reaction with reactive mitochondrial proteins. Further studies revealed that these complexes showed high anticancer activity, induced mitochondrial depolarization, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, restrained thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity, and inhibited the formation of tumor cell colonies and angiogenesis. Further mechanistic studies showed that complex Ir2 could markedly stimulate the activation of caspase-3, regulate the expression of Bax and KI67, and trigger apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Zhiyin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xiang-Fu Du
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Wang M, Xu F, Su Y, Geng Y, Qian X, Xue X, Kong Y, Yu Z, Liu H, Su Z. A New Strategy to Fight Metallodrug Resistance: Mitochondria‐Relevant Treatment through Mitophagy to Inhibit Metabolic Adaptations of Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fu‐Jie Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiao‐Ting Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu‐Ling Xue
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ya‐Qiong Kong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 China
| | - Hong‐Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
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24
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Guo Y, Jin S, Yuan H, Yang T, Wang K, Guo Z, Wang X. DNA-Unresponsive Platinum(II) Complex Induces ERS-Mediated Mitophagy in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 65:520-530. [PMID: 34967218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process that degrades dysfunctional mitochondria. Monofunctional platinum(II) complexes are candidates for anticancer drugs with the potential to circumvent the drug resistance and side effects of cisplatin and its analogues, but their mechanism of action is elusive. Complex Mono-Pt kills cancer cells through a mitophagic pathway. The mechanism involves the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activation of the unfolded protein response. Mono-Pt severely impairs the structure and function of mitochondria, including disruption of morphological integrity, dissipation of membrane potential, elevation of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of mtDNA transcription, and reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which ultimately leads to mitophagy. Mono-Pt does not react with nuclear DNA but exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, thus breaking the DNA-binding paradigm and classical structure-activity rules for platinum drugs. The ERS-mediated mitophagy provides an alternative mechanism for platinum complexes, which broadens the way for developing new platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
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25
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Panchangam RL, Rao RN, Balamurali MM, Hingamire TB, Shanmugam D, Manickam V, Chanda K. Antitumor Effects of Ir(III)-2 H-Indazole Complexes for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17593-17607. [PMID: 34767343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized a series of novel C,N-cyclometalated 2H-indazole-ruthenium(II) and -iridium(III) complexes with varying substituents (H, CH3, isopropyl, and CF3) in the R4 position of the phenyl ring of the 2H-indazole chelating ligand. All of the complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The methyl-substituted 2H-indazole-Ir(III) complex was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The cytotoxic activity of new ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) compounds has been evaluated in a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and colon cancer cell line HCT-116 to investigate their structure-activity relationships. Most of these new complexes have shown appreciable activity, comparable to or significantly better than that of cisplatin in TNBC cell lines. R4 substitution of the phenyl ring of the 2H-indazole ligand with methyl and isopropyl substituents showed increased potency in ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes compared to that of their parent compounds in all cell lines. These novel transition metal-based complexes exhibited high specificity toward cancer cells by inducing alterations in the metabolism and proliferation of cancer cells. In general, iridium complexes are more active than the corresponding ruthenium complexes. The new Ir(III)-2H-indazole complex with an isopropyl substituent induced mitochondrial damage by generating large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggered mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. Moreover, this complex also induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited cellular migration of TNBC cells. Our findings reveal the key roles of the novel C-N-cyclometalated 2H-indazole-Ir(III) complex to specifically induce toxicity in cancer cell lines through contributing effects of ROS-induced mitochondrial disruption along with chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA target inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeeva Lochana Panchangam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, India
| | - Tejashri B Hingamire
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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26
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Jiang B, Martí AA. Probing Amyloid Nanostructures Using Photoluminescent Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of Chemistry Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Material Science & NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
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27
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Gao J, Guo L, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Hu X, Liu J, Liu Z. 16-Electron Half-Sandwich Rhodium(III), Iridium(III), and Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Lysosome-Targeted Anticancer Agents. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yihan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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28
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Yuan L, Wang D, Shan S, Chen J, Huang W, Han G, Tian X, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Real-time imaging of viscosity in the mitochondrial matrix by a red-emissive molecular rotor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3181-3186. [PMID: 34169932 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial matrix contains numerous metabolism-related proteins/enzymes and nucleic acids, which play key roles in the process of energy generation and signal transduction. The fluctuations in mitochondrial biomacromolecular levels lead to the changes in the mitochondrial matrix viscosity; therefore, real-time measuring the mitochondrial matrix viscosity is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the mitochondrial physiology and pathobiology. However, investigations are limited due to the lack of a mitochondrial matrix-specific molecular rotor. Herein, we report a design of a molecular rotor that is specifically enriched in the mitochondrial matrix. The red fluorescence of the rotor switches on when the viscosity increases, enabling the real-time monitoring of the viscosity change therein. Interestingly, the rotor showed non-fluorescence behaviour in the liposome (mimicking membrane structure), avoiding fluorescence interference from the mitochondrial bilayer membrane. Super-resolution imaging reveals that the viscosity is uneven in an individual mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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29
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Liu Z, Sun Q, Yan M, Zhang C, Yuan H, He W. Activity-Based Fluorescent Molecular Logic Gate Probe for Dynamic Tracking of Mitophagy Induced by Oxidative Stress. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3502-3509. [PMID: 33544570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing and modulating the mitophagy process is essential for understanding the role of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiology, and pathology. To overcome the sensing limitation of available mitophagy probes to only lysosome fusion or degradation, a molecular logic gate probe showing multiple fluorescence responses to different mitophagy stages was proposed in this study to sense the oxidative stress-induced mitophagy via a dual-channel mode. This new fluorescent molecular logic gate probe, Mito-PN, was composed by integrating a peroxynitrite-responsive 1,8-naphthalimide with an acidity-activatable rhodamine spirolactam and possesses the mitochondria-targeting capability due to its triphenylphosphonium group. This probe is able to sense both the mitophagy initiation triggered by peroxynitrite and lysosome fusion at different fluorescence wavelengths. It can be rapidly activated by mitochondrial peroxynitrite to turn on the green fluorescence of naphthalimide, and subsequent lysosome/mitophagosome fusion activates the probe with protons to generate red fluorescence. Moreover, our preliminary results demonstrate that the fluorescence response of Mito-PN to peroxynitrite-induced mitophagy can be discriminated from the mitophagy stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, which further proves the specific mitophagy tracking ability of Mito-PN. Overall, this research offers a potentially powerful tool for studying the role played by peroxynitrite in mitophagy and provides a versatile strategy for monitoring oxidative stress-related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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30
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Tan CP, Zhong YM, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Phosphorescent metal complexes as theranostic anticancer agents: combining imaging and therapy in a single molecule. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2357-2367. [PMID: 34164000 PMCID: PMC8179279 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent metal complexes are a new kind of multifunctional antitumor compounds that can integrate imaging and antitumor functions in a single molecule. In this minireview, we summarize the recent research progress in this field, concentrating on the theranostic applications of phosphorescent iridium(iii), ruthenium(ii) and rhenium(i) complexes. The molecular design that affords these complexes with tumour- or subcellular organelle-targeting properties is elucidated. The potential of these complexes to induce and monitor the dynamic behavior of subcellular organelles and the changes in microenvironment during the process of therapy is demonstrated. Moreover, the potential and advantages of applying new technologies, such as super-resolution imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging, are also described. Finally, the challenges faced in the development of novel theranostic metallo-anticancer complexes for possible clinical translation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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31
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Wu KJ, Wu C, Chen F, Cheng SS, Ma DL, Leung CH. Time-Resolved Luminescent High-Throughput Screening Platform for Lysosomotropic Compounds in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:166-174. [PMID: 33356166 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that regulate protein degradation and cellular organelle recycling. Homeostatic alteration by lysosomotropic compounds has been suggested as a potential approach for the treatment of cancer. However, because of the high false-negative rate resulting from strong fluorescent background noise, few luminescent high-throughput screening methods for lysosomotropic compounds have been developed for cancer therapy. Imidazole is a five-membered heterocycle that can act within the acidic interior of lysosomes. To develop an efficient lysosomotropic compound screening system, we introduced an imidazole group to iridium-based complexes and designed a long-lifetime lysosomal probe to monitor lysosomal activity in living cells. By integrating time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) with the novel iridium-based lysosomal probe, a high-throughput screening platform capable of overcoming background fluorescent interference in living cells was developed for discovering lysosomotropic drugs. As a proof-of-concept, 400 FDA/EMA-approved drugs were screened using the TRES system, revealing five compounds as potential lysosomotropic agents. Significantly, the most promising potent lysosomotropic compound (mitoxantrone) identified in this work would have showed less activity if screened using a commercial lysosomal probe because of interference from the intrinsic fluorescence of mitoxantrone. We anticipate that this TRES-based high-throughput screening system could facilitate the development of more lysosomotropic drugs by avoiding false results arising from the intrinsic fluorescence of both bioactive compounds and/or the cell background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Sha-Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
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32
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Le HV, Babak MV, Ehsan MA, Altaf M, Reichert L, Gushchin AL, Ang WH, Isab AA. Highly cytotoxic gold(i)-phosphane dithiocarbamate complexes trigger an ER stress-dependent immune response in ovarian cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:7355-7363. [PMID: 32432621 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive disease which is treated by surgery and platinum chemotherapy. However, a significant proportion of treated patients develop resistance to platinum treatment resulting in tumor relapse. Acquired platinum resistance has been recently correlated with activation of pro-survival endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We hypothesized that Au complexes that induce severe ER stress might counteract pro-survival cellular attempts leading to the ER stress-mediated apoptosis and reduced platinum resistance. In this work, we prepared a series of highly cytotoxic AuI-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes and investigated their anticancer potential in ovarian cancer cells. Complexes demonstrated surprisingly low stability in chloroform, resulting in the formation of an Au chain polymer, which also displayed excellent cytotoxicity. Lead complex 2 induced oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated p53-independent apoptosis associated with PARP cleavage and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Importantly, 2 caused the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), which is the first step in the activation of cellular immunogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Van Le
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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33
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Liu F, Zhang L, Li F, Zhang X, Zou L, Chai J, Xin X, Xu J, Zhang G. A noteworthy interface-targeting fluorescent probe for long-term tracking mitochondria and visualizing mitophagy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Das B, Borah ST, Ganguli S, Gupta P. Phosphorescent Trinuclear Pt–Ir–Pt Complexes: Insights into the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties and Interaction with Guanine Nucleobase. Chemistry 2020; 26:14987-14995. [PMID: 32846032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Sakira Tabbasum Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Sagar Ganguli
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
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35
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36
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Massoumi B, Farnudiyan-Habibi A, Derakhshankhah H, Samadian H, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Jaymand M. A novel multi-stimuli-responsive theranostic nanomedicine based on Fe 3O 4@Au nanoparticles against cancer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1832-1843. [PMID: 32897756 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1821052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel multi-stimuli-responsive theranostic nanomedicine was designed and fabricated by the conjugation of a thiol end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-acrylic acid) (HS-PNIPAAm-b-PAA) onto Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (NPs) followed by physical loading of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) as a general anticancer drug. For this purpose, Fe3O4@Au NPs were fabricated through small Au nanolayer grown on larger magnetic NPs. A HS-PNIPAAm-b-PAA was synthesized through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach, and then conjugated with as-synthesized Fe3O4@Au NPs by Au-S bonding. The Dox loading capacity of the synthesized Fe3O4@Au/Polymer theranostic NPs was calculated to be 81%. The theranostic nanomedicine exhibited excellent in vitro drug release behavior under pH and thermal stimuli. The anticancer activity evaluation using MTT assay (against MCF7 cells) revealed that the fabricated Fe3O4@Au/Polymer has high potential as theranostic nanomedicine for cancer therapy of solid tumors. This nanosystem can also applied in photothermal therapy, hyperthermia therapy, and their combination with chemotherapy due to presence of gold and Fe3O4 nanomaterials in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Farnudiyan-Habibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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37
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Lu H, Jiang X, Chen Y, Peng K, Huang Y, Zhao H, Chen Q, Lv F, Liu L, Wang S, Ma Y. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex nanoparticles for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14061-14067. [PMID: 32582896 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes, with a long triplet state lifetime and good photophysical properties, are good candidates for simultaneous imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we synthesize a cyclometalated Ir(iii) complex, Ir(tiq)2ppy, whose triplet excited state lifetime is 2.9 μs and singlet oxygen generation quantum yield is approximately 100% (compared to tetraphenylporphyrin). Ir(tiq)2ppy nanoparticles (Ir(tiq)2ppy NPs) are prepared to achieve water solubility and mitochondria-targeting ability by co-precipitating with polystyrene grafted with carboxyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-PEG). Ir(tiq)2ppy NPs have higher PDT efficiency than Ir(tiq)2ppy at concentrations as low as 1.6 μg mL-1 for MCF-7 breast cancer cells under white light irradiation at quite low light intensity (5 mW cm-2). Besides, it is worth noting that the emission quenching of Ir(tiq)2ppy in aqueous solution has been conquered by using Ir(tiq)2ppy NPs, thus the distribution of the therapeutic agents in mitochondria can be tracked by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mechanism of killing cancer cells under irradiation is investigated, and the results indicate that cell death is caused by mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which is induced by the ROS generated under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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38
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Ho PY, Ho CL, Wong WY. Recent advances of iridium(III) metallophosphors for health-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Mitochondria-targeted phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:597-607. [PMID: 32232583 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes represent a promising approach to developing new anticancer metallodrugs. In this work, three phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3 have been explored as mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. All three complexes display higher antiproliferative activity than cisplatin against the cancer cells screened, and with the IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 5.6 μM. Colocalization studies showed that these complexes are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Mechanism studies show that these complexes exert their anticancer efficacy through initiating a series of events related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and induction of apoptosis. Mitochondria-targted cyclometalated iridium complexes induce apoptosis through depolarized mitochondria, elevation of intracellular ROS and activated caspase.
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40
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Wu KJ, Ho SH, Dong JY, Fu L, Wang SP, Liu H, Wu C, Leung CH, Wang HMD, Ma DL. Aliphatic Group-Tethered Iridium Complex as a Theranostic Agent against Malignant Melanoma Metastasis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2017-2027. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jia-Yi Dong
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-Peng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Day AH, Übler MH, Best HL, Lloyd-Evans E, Mart RJ, Fallis IA, Allemann RK, Al-Wattar EAH, Keymer NI, Buurma NJ, Pope SJA. Targeted cell imaging properties of a deep red luminescent iridium(iii) complex conjugated with a c-Myc signal peptide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1599-1606. [PMID: 32206278 PMCID: PMC7069228 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) peptide, PAAKRVKLD, derived from the human c-Myc regulator gene, has been functionalised with a long wavelength (λ ex = 550 nm; λ em = 677 nm) cyclometalated organometallic iridium(iii) complex to give the conjugate Ir-CMYC. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies on human fibroblast cells imaged after 18-24 h incubation show that Ir-CMYC concentrations of 80-100 μM promote good cell uptake and nuclear localisation, which was confirmed though co-localisation studies using Hoechst 33342. In comparison, a structurally related, photophysically analogous iridium(iii) complex lacking the peptide sequence, Ir-PYR, showed very different biological behaviour, with no evidence of nuclear, lysosomal or autophagic vesicle localisation and significantly increased toxicity to the cells at concentrations >10 μM that induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Supporting UV-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies show that Ir-PYR and Ir-CMYC display similarly low affinities for DNA (ca. 103 M-1), consistent with electrostatic binding. Therefore the translocation and nuclear uptake properties of Ir-CMYC are attributed to the presence of the PAAKRVKLD nuclear localisation sequence in this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Day
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Martin H Übler
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Hannah L Best
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Sir Martin Evans Building , Cardiff , UK
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Sir Martin Evans Building , Cardiff , UK
| | - Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Ian A Fallis
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Eman A H Al-Wattar
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Nathaniel I Keymer
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Niklaas J Buurma
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
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42
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Zhu YX, Jia HR, Gao G, Pan GY, Jiang YW, Li P, Zhou N, Li C, She C, Ulrich NW, Chen Z, Wu FG. Mitochondria-acting nanomicelles for destruction of cancer cells via excessive mitophagy/autophagy-driven lethal energy depletion and phototherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Sarkar TK, Sarkar SK, Thilagar P. Room Temperature Phosphorescent (RTP) N‐Acetylphenothiazines. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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44
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Xu Z, Yang Y, Jia X, Guo L, Ge X, Zhong G, Chen S, Liu Z. Novel cyclometalated iridium(iii) phosphine-imine (P^N) complexes: highly efficient anticancer and anti-lung metastasis agents in vivo. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iridium(iii)-based complexes with phosphine-imine (P^N) ligands are synthesized and authenticated. The combined treatment with Ir(iii) and BIX01294 potently inhibited tumour growth and lung metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
| | - Xianglei Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui 453100
- China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
| | - Genshen Zhong
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine
- School of Laboratory Medicine
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Shujiao Chen
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
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45
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46
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Qin LQ, Zou BQ, Qin QP, Wang ZF, Yang L, Tan MX, Liang CJ, Liang H. Highly cytotoxic, cyclometalated iridium(iii)-5-fluoro-8-quinolinol complexes as cancer cell mitochondriotropic agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ir-3 and Ir-4 kill HeLa cells and trigger caspase-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Chun-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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47
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Zhang C, Guan R, Liao X, Ouyang C, Liu J, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondrial DNA targeting and impairment by a dinuclear Ir–Pt complex that overcomes cisplatin resistance. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dinuclear complex [(ppy)Ir(tpy)PtCl]2+ (Ir–Pt) can exhibit strong antitumor activity towards cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and induce cell necrosis via mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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48
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Du F, Bai L, He M, Zhang WY, Gu YY, Yin H, Liu YJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of iridium(III) complexes as potential antitumor agents. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Zhang C, Guan R, Liao X, Ouyang C, Rees TW, Liu J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A mitochondria-targeting dinuclear Ir-Ru complex as a synergistic photoactivated chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy agent against cisplatin-resistant tumour cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12547-12550. [PMID: 31576841 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mitochondria-targeting hetero-binuclear Ir(iii)-Ru(ii) complex was developed as a photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) bifunctional agent to achieve a synergistic effective therapeutic outcome for the therapy of cisplatin-resistant tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Thomas W Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China. and College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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50
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Ma W, Ge X, Xu Z, Zhang S, He X, Li J, Xia X, Chen X, Liu Z. Theranostic Lysosomal Targeting Anticancer and Antimetastatic Agents: Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Rhodamine Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15240-15248. [PMID: 31552370 PMCID: PMC6751730 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two rhodamine-modified half-sandwich Ir(III) complexes with the general formula [(Cpx)Ir(ĈN) Cl] were synthesized and characterized, where Cpx is 1-biphenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxbiph). Both complexes showed potent anticancer activity against A549, HeLa, and HepG2 cancer cells and normal cells, and altered ligands had an effect on proliferation resistance. The complex enters cells through energy dependence, and because of the different ligands, not only could it affect the anticancer ability of the complex but also could affect the degree of complex lysosome targeting, lysosomal damage, and further prove the antiproliferative mechanism of the complex. Excitingly, antimetastatic experiments demonstrated that complex 1 has the ability to block the migration of cancer cells. Furthermore, although the complex did not show a stronger ability to interfere with the coenzyme NAD+/NADH pair by transfer hydrogenation, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content has shown a marked increase. NF-κB activity is increased by ROS regulation, and the role of ROS-NF-κB signaling pathway further induces apoptosis. Moreover, cell flow experiments also demonstrated that complex 1 blocked the cell cycle in S phase, but the complex did not cause significant changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ma
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiangdong He
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - JuanJuan Li
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaorong Xia
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute
of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The
Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- E-mail:
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