1
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Liu L, Ma M, Jiang L, Li Z, Osipov VY, Geng T, Xiao G, Bi H. The reversible piezochromic luminescence behavior of carbon dots under a cycle of loading/unloading pressure. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11327-11335. [PMID: 38804912 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have gained intensive interest owing to their small size, unique structure, excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties and broad applications. In particular, pressure-triggered irreversible piezochromic behavior of fluorescent CDs was previously reported and attributed to the sp2-sp3 transition in the carbon core or aggregation-induced emission under high pressure. Here, we report the reversible piezochromic behavior of microwave-heating synthesized CDs (named M-CDs) using ethylenediamine and aspartic acid as precursors. Under a loading/unloading cycle, the PL intensity of M-CDs decreased continuously with the pressure increasing from 101 kPa up to 20 GPa, and the maximum emission of M-CDs at 101 kPa (λmax = 550 nm) was slightly blue-shifted to 541 nm at 20 GPa, but when the pressure was released from 20 GPa to normal environmental conditions, both the emission wavelength and the PL intensity of M-CDs returned to their initial states at 101 kPa. The control sample was also synthesized using the same precursors but through a hydrothermal method and thus named H-CDs. Both H-CDs and M-CDs have similar particle sizes, morphology and excitation-dependent PL behavior under 101 kPa; however, H-CDs showed a typical piezochromic behavior with the emission blue-shifted from 518 to 491 nm when the pressure was increased from 101 kPa to 0.97 GPa, and then red-shifted from 491 to 530 nm when the pressure was increased up to 10.53 GPa. This irreversible behavior of H-CDs was accompanied by a 2-fold enhancement of their PL intensity after releasing the pressure. The remarkable different behaviors of M-CDs and H-CDs under a loading/unloading cycle are caused by different interior structures of M-CDs and H-CDs due to different synthetic processes, which is worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Menghui Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Vladimir Yu Osipov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- International Research and Educational Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ting Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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2
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Singh P, Bhankar V, Kumar S, Kumar K. Biomass-derived carbon dots as significant biological tools in the medicinal field: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103182. [PMID: 38759449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Early disease detection is crucial since it raises the likelihood of treatment and considerably lowers the cost of therapy. Therefore, the improvement of human life and health depends on the development of quick, efficient, and credible biosensing methods. For improving the quality of biosensors, distinct nanostructures have been investigated; among these, carbon dots have gained much interest because of their great performance. Carbon dots, the essential component of fluorescence nanoparticles, having outstanding chemical characteristics, superb biocompatibility, chemical inertness, low toxicity and potential optical characteristics have attracted the researchers from every corner of the globe. Several carbon dots applications have been thoroughly investigated in recent decade, from optoelectronics to biomedical investigations. This review study primarily emphasizes the recent advancements in the field of biomass-derived carbon dots-based drug delivery, gene delivery and bioimaging, and highlights achievements in two major areas: in vivo applications that involve carbon dots absorption in zebrafish and mice, tumour therapeutics, and imaging-guided drug delivery. Additionally, the possible advantages, difficulties, and future possibilities of using carbon dots for biological applications are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Vinita Bhankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 131039, Haryana, India.
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3
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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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4
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Liang J, Fan T, Lü JT, Guan T, Deng TT, Xiong B. Dual-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting and white light emission of NaGdF 4:Ce,Eu,Tb/carbon dot hydrophilic nanocomposite ink. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25681-25690. [PMID: 37649662 PMCID: PMC10463238 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NaGdF4:Ce,Eu,Tb nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method with Ce3+ ions as sensitizers, Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions as activators, and polyethylenimine (PEI) as surfactants. Color-adjustable fluorescence emission was achieved by the energy transfer effect between rare earth ions. Blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CDs) with a double UV response under 254 nm and 365 nm excitation were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. A hydrophilic NaGdF4:Ce,Eu,Tb/CD composite ink was prepared by an easy physical mixing method. Because of the electrostatic self-assembly effect, the color adjustable luminescence was achieved in a few seconds, and the white light emission with color coordinates of (0.32, 0.32) was obtained. A dual-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting pattern was designed and achieved by excitation with ultraviolet light at 254 nm and 365 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Foshan 528000 China
- Foshan Inorganic Micro-Nano Luminescent Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foshan 528000 China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Foshan 528000 China
- Foshan Inorganic Micro-Nano Luminescent Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foshan 528000 China
| | - Jian-Tao Lü
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University Foshan 528200 China
| | - Tianjie Guan
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Foshan 528000 China
- Foshan Inorganic Micro-Nano Luminescent Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foshan 528000 China
| | - Ting-Ting Deng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University Foshan 528200 China
| | - Bangyun Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Foshan 528000 China
- Foshan Inorganic Micro-Nano Luminescent Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foshan 528000 China
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5
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Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang R, Liu J, Ma Y, Qin X, Zhong X. Activating One/Two-Photon Excited Red Fluorescence on Carbon Dots: Emerging n→π Photon Transition Induced by Amino Protonation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207566. [PMID: 36739601 PMCID: PMC10104635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complicated nature of carbon dots (CDs), fluorescence mechanism of red fluorescent CDs is still unrevealed and features highly controversial. Reliable and effective strategies for manipulating the red fluorescence of CDs are urgently needed. Herein, CDs with one-photon excited (622 nm, QYs ≈ 17%) and two-photon (629 nm) excited red fluorescence are prepared by acidifying o-phenylenediamine-based reaction sediments. Systematic analysis reveals that the protonation of amino groups increases the particle surface potential, disperse the bulk sediments into nano-scale CDs. In the meanwhile, amino protonation of pyridinic nitrogen (-N=) structure inserts numerous n orbital energy levels between the π → π* transition, narrows the gap distance for photon transition, and induces red fluorescence emission on CDs. Present research reveals an effective pathway to activate CDs reaction sediments and trigger red emission, thus may open a new avenue for developing CDs with ideal optical properties and promising application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Junlan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yupengxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
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6
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Crista D, Algarra M, Martínez de Yuso MV, Esteves da Silva JCG, Pinto da Silva L. Investigation of the role of pH and the stoichiometry of the N-dopant in the luminescence, composition and synthesis yield of carbon dots. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1131-1143. [PMID: 36637160 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02318k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with very attractive luminescence features, which simplicity and flexibility of their fabrication can lead to an endless number of CDs with distinct properties and applications. High fluorescence quantum yields (QYFL) are generally a necessary feature for various applications of CDs. One commonly employed strategy to improve the fluorescence properties of CDs is heteroatom-doping using precursors containing desired heteroatoms (with focus on N-doping). In this work, we report the synthesis and systematic investigation of an array of N-doped CDs, obtained from the dry heating of solid mixtures of glucose and urea in different molar ratios with two main objectives: to study the role of stoichiometry in the optical properties and composition of CDs and to investigate the formation of possible alkaline-responsive nanoparticles and the potential of this procedure for obtaining CDs with higher synthesis yields. We have characterized the optical properties of this diverse array of glucose and urea-based CDs using both UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. In addition, we have also examined the CDs by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-Ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, as well as by assessing the thermal stability of the nanoparticles. We have found that this fabrication process generates two types of CDs, one readily soluble in water and other only soluble at basic pH. The latter was characterized by higher synthesis yields, and lower QYFL and thermal stability, when compared with those of the former. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of the N-dopant does not appear to be correlated with the QYFL of the obtained CDs. This study provides novel information that should be useful for the future rational development of CDs with higher QYFL and synthesis yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Algarra
- INAMAT2-Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics, Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, Campus of Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Maria Valle Martínez de Yuso
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Lab. Central Service to Support Research Building (SCAI), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. .,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. .,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Lv G, Wang Z, Li W, Zhu G, Liu B, Song B, Wu M, Gong X. Acid-regulated boron-nitrogen codoped multicolor carbonized polymer dots and applications for pH sensing and trace water detection. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12762-12772. [PMID: 36000557 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To obtain multicolor carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), acid-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal reactions are an effective strategy. However, the long wavelength fluorescence of boron-nitrogen codoped CPDs (BN-CPDs) is rarely reported. In this work, we used concentrated hydrochloric acid to regulate the fluorescence (from green to orange) of BN-CPDs via a solvothermal reaction. Meanwhile, 3-formylphenylboronic acid with a benzene ring structure was employed as the boron source, which helped the formation of the internal conjugated structure of CPDs to obtain long wavelength fluorescent CPDs. The fluorescence properties of BN-CPDs were investigated, which indicated the concentration- and solvent-dependent properties of the BN-CPDs. Based on the experimental results, we assume that the multicolor emission of the BN-CPDs originates from the synergistic effects of the degree of graphitization and surface states. Due to the special fluorescence properties of the BN-CPDs, pH sensing and trace water detection in dichloromethane solution can be effectively achieved. The results of the study reveal the potential of BN-CPDs in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Lv
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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8
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Modulation of the binding ability to biomacromolecule, cytotoxicity and cellular imaging property for ionic liquid mediated carbon dots. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112552. [PMID: 35580459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of carbon dots (CDs), a variety of carbon sources and synthetic protocols are available which endow CDs with variable and unpredictable properties. In the present study, three CDs were developed with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide as the precursor through ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal strategies, termed as E-CDs and H-CDs, respectively. The features of these carbon dots, i.e., their physicochemical and optical properties, their interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as their imaging capability were investigated with respect to the CDs prepared with microwave assisted approach (W-CDs). E-CDs and H-CDs were demonstrated to exhibit similar framework structures and optical properties, and they exhibited larger particle-sizes than that of W-CDs. In addition, the increase of ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal reaction time strengthened the quantum yields of the CDs and promoted their binding capability with BSA. E-CDs and H-CDs showed similar cytotoxicity on normal (LX-2) and cancer (SK-Hep-1) cells. We further found that these CDs may readily enter the cells within 5 min, while the fluorescence of hydrophilic E-CDs and H-CDs was very weak with respect to that of hydrophobic W-CDs in cell imaging. On the other hand, all the CDs exhibited little impact on the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The present study is conducive to guide the preparation of suitable carbon dots for different application scenarios.
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Sengar P, Chauhan K, Hirata GA. Progress on carbon dots and hydroxyapatite based biocompatible luminescent nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101482. [PMID: 35841822 PMCID: PMC9293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. This review discusses the development of CD and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer theranostics. The effect of synthesis strategies and doping on photoluminescent properties along with tuning of emission in biological window has been briefly reviewed. The cancer targeting strategies, biocompatibility and biodistribution of CDs and nHA based luminescent probes is discussed. A summary of current challenges and future perspectives is provided.
Despite the significant advancement in cancer diagnosis and therapy, a huge burden remains. Consequently, much research has been diverted on the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for improvement in conventional diagnosis and therapy. Luminescent nanomaterials offer a versatile platform for the development of such materials as their intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) property offers convergence of diagnosis as well as therapy at the same time. However, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces various challenges, including biocompatibility and cost-effective scale up production. Thus, luminescent materials with facile synthesis approach along with intrinsic biocompatibility and anticancerous activity hold significant importance. As a result, carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. CDs are the newest members of the carbonaceous nanomaterials family that possess intrinsic luminescent and therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for cancer theranostic. Additionally, nHA is an excellent bioactive material due to its compositional similarity to the human bone matrix. The nHA crystal can efficiently host rare-earth elements to attain luminescent property, which can further be implemented for cancer theranostic applications. Herein, the development of CDs and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer has been briefly discussed. The emphasis has been given to different synthesis strategies leading to different morphologies and tunable PL spectra, followed by their diverse applications as biocompatible theranostic agents. Finally, the review has been summarized with the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sengar
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Gustavo A Hirata
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México.
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10
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Ye T, Cheng P, Zeng H, Yao D, Pan X, Jiang H, Ding J. Pressure-Induced Bifurcation in the Photoluminescence of Red Carbon Quantum Dots: Coexistence of Emissions from Surface Groups and Nitrogen-Doped Cores. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4768-4777. [PMID: 35612965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CDs) with favorable fluorescent properties have stimulated considerable effort to modulate their photoluminescence (PL) for bioimaging and sensing. However, the fluorescent mechanisms are still only partially understood due to the diverse physicochemical properties of CDs prepared by various synthesis methods and postpreparation processes. In this report, pressure-induced bifurcation of PL is reported in red carbon quantum dots (R-CDs) for the first time. The splitting of PL into an irreversible blue-shifted peak and a reversible red-shifted peak under pressure suggests the coexistence of multiple fluorescent mechanisms in R-CDs, i.e., emissions from surface groups and nitrogen-doped cores. The concentration and excitation laser energy dependencies of pressure-induced bifurcation, as well as the time-resolved PL, further support the coexistence of multiple emitters. Our results provide a method for distinguishing between the different fluorescent mechanisms related to surface groups and carbon cores in CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Deyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huachao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Ding S, Tan P, Wen J, Li T, Wang W. Quantification of 2-chlorohydroquinone based on interaction between N-doped carbon quantum dots probe and photolysis products in fluorescence system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152745. [PMID: 34979230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a member of chlorophenolic compounds, 2-chlorohydroquinone (H2QCl) has been widely used as intermediates in various chemical industries and leaded to serious threat on the environment. It is urgent to develop simple and robust analytical method for sensitive and selective determination of H2QCl. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a promising photoluminescence nanomaterial, have gained sufficient concern as optical sensors owing to their outstanding photochemical properties. In this work, nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were successfully synthesized by a simple secondary hydrothermal method and applied as a fluorescent probe for the quantitation of H2QCl. A new fluorescence region centered at excitation wavelength of 310 nm and emission wavelength of 390 nm appeared after nitrogen doping. It was found that the N-CQDs exhibited a high selectivity towards H2QCl with sensitive fluorescence response and the fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs was linear with the concentration of H2QCl in the range of 30-90 μM (Y = 0.0049X + 0.1255, R2 = 0.996). This is the first time that the dual role of excitation light was observed in the fluorescence detection system. The ultraviolet light acted as not only the excitation energy source for N-CQDs photoluminescence, but also the light source for photolysis of H2QCl. In the detection process, H2QCl was degraded to p-benzoquinone by light, and then the CQDs combined with p-benzoquinone through Michael addition reaction under the action of doped nitrogen. The electron transfer from N-CQDs to the linked p-benzoquinone caused the quenching of fluorescence originated from the edge state of N-CQDs. Furthermore, this established method can be applied for the quantitative determination of H2QCl in environmental water samples with satisfactory recoveries between 94.31 and 105.51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tielong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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Sarkar S, Roy D, Das A, Roy R, Das D, Das BK, Ghorai UK, Chattopadhyay KK. Probing the emission dynamics in nitrogen doped carbon dots by reversible capping with mercury (II) through surface chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanistic insight and emission dynamics have been explored of size dependent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (namely 3A,3B & 3C) with toxic metal Hg2+ ions via...
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13
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Jaiswal A, Rani S, Singh GP, Hassan M, Nasrin A, Gomes VG, Saxena S, Shukla S. Additive-Free All-Carbon Composite: A Two-Photon Material System for Nanopatterning of Fluorescent Sub-Wavelength Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14193-14206. [PMID: 34435496 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major bottleneck in fabrication of engineered 3D nanostructures is the choice of materials. Adding functionality to these nanostructures is a daunting task. In order to mitigate these issues, we report a two-photon patternable all carbon material system which can be used to fabricate fluorescent 3D micro/nanostructures using two-photon lithography, with subwavelength resolution. The synthesized material system eliminates the need to use conventional two-photon absorbing materials such as two-photon dyes or two-photon initiators. We have used two different trifunctional acrylate monomers and carbon dots, synthesized hydrothermally from a polyphenolic precursor, to formulate a two-photon processable resin. Upon two-photon excitation, photogenerated electrons in the excited states of the carbon dots facilitate the free radical formation at the surface of the carbon dots. These radicals, upon interaction with vinyl moieties, enable cross-linking of acrylate monomers. Free-radical induced two-photon polymerization of acrylate monomers without any conventional proprietary two-photon absorbing materials was accomplished at an ultrafine subwavelength resolution of 250 nm using 800 nm laser excitation. The effect of critical parameters such as average laser power, carbon dot concentration, and radiation exposure were determined for the fabrication of one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures, applicable in a range of domains where fluorescence and toxicity are of the utmost importance. A fabrication speed as high as 100 mm/s was achieved. The ability to fabricate functional 3D micro-/nanostructures is anticipated to instigate a paradigm shift in various areas such as metamaterials, energy storage, drug delivery, and optoelectronics to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jaiswal
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sweta Rani
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Pratap Singh
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahbub Hassan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aklima Nasrin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent G Gomes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Saxena
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shobha Shukla
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Barhum H, Alon T, Attrash M, Machnev A, Shishkin I, Ginzburg P. Multicolor Phenylenediamine Carbon Dots for Metal-Ion Detection with Picomolar Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:9919-9931. [PMID: 34622144 PMCID: PMC8488935 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots keep attracting attention in multidisciplinary fields, motivating the development of new compounds. Phenylenediamine C6H4(NH2)2 dots are known to exhibit colorful emission, which depends on size, composition, and the functional surface groups, forming those structures. While quite a few fabrication protocols have been developed, the quantum yield of phenylenediamine dots still does not exceed 50% owing to undesired fragment formation during carbonization. Here, we demonstrate that an ethylene glycol-based environment allows obtaining multicolor high-quantum-yield phenylenediamine carbon dots. In particular, a kinetic realization of solvothermal synthesis in acidic environments enhances carbonization reaction yield for meta phenylenediamine compounds and leads to quantum yields, exciting 60%. Reaction yield after the product's purification approaches 90%. Furthermore, proximity of metal ions (Nd3+, Co3+, La3+) can either enhance or quench the emission, depending on the concentration. Optical monitoring of the solution allows performing an accurate detection of ions at picomolar concentrations. An atomistic model of carbon dots was developed to confirm that the functional surface group positioning within the molecular structure has a major impact on dots' physicochemical properties. The high performance of new carbon dots paves the way toward their integration in numerous applications, including imaging, sensing, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tmiron Alon
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mohammed Attrash
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ivan Shishkin
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
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15
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Yu J, Yong X, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Theoretical Understanding of Structure-Property Relationships in Luminescence of Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7671-7687. [PMID: 34351771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have excellent luminescence characteristics, such as good light stability, high quantum yield (QY), long phosphorescence lifetime, and a wide emission wavelength range, resulting in CDs' great success in optical applications. Understanding the structure-property relationships in CDs is essential for their use in optoelectronic applications. However, because of the complex nature of CD structures and synthesis processes, understanding the luminescence mechanism and structure-property relationships of CDs is a big challenge. This Perspective reviews the theoretical efforts toward the understanding of structure-property relationships and discusses the challenges that need to be overcome in future development of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Li L, Yue J, Cao L, Liu P, Dong WF, Liu G. Yttrium-mediated red fluorescent carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of calcium ions. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1969-1976. [PMID: 34374196 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the second messenger in cells, calcium ions are indispensable in various physiological activities of the body. In this work, a special red fluorescent carbon dot was designed and synthesized using the secondary hydrothermal method with yttrium, p-phenylenediamine, and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid as precursors for the detection of calcium ions. The designed carbon dot exhibited bright red fluorescence, and the fluorescence emission wavelength showed good photostability. When the calcium ion concentration was controlled from 0 to 400 μM, the carbon dot tended to respond to fluorescence quenching. At the same time, a test paper experiment was carried out, which proved the potential application of the nano-sensor in detecting calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at University of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Pai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at University of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
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17
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Maruthapandi M, Saravanan A, Manohar P, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes and Antimicrobial Activities by Polyaniline-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot Nanocomposite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1128. [PMID: 33925378 PMCID: PMC8145885 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N@CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing of bovine serum albumin (Mw: 69,324 with 607 amino acids). A polyaniline (PANI-N@CDs) nanocomposite was then synthesized by ultrasonication and used to degrade Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB), and crystal violet (CV) four common organic dyes. The PANI-N@CD nanocomposite simultaneously adsorbed and concentrated the dye from the bulk solution and degraded the adsorbed dye, resulting in a high rate of dye degradation. The combination of holes (h+), hydroxyl (OH•), and O2•- was involved in the N@CD-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyes. Under visible light illumination at neutral pH, the PANI-N@CDs were proven as an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for the complete degradation of CR within 20 min. MB and RhB were also degraded but required longer treatment times. These findings supported the design of remediation processes for such dyes and predicted their fate in the environment. The nanocomposite also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Arumugam Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Priyanka Manohar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur 612001, India;
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.M.); (A.S.)
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18
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Das S, Ngashangva L, Goswami P. Carbon Dots: An Emerging Smart Material for Analytical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33467583 PMCID: PMC7829846 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are optically active carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials can change their light emission properties in response to various external stimuli such as pH, temperature, pressure, and light. The CD's remarkable stimuli-responsive smart material properties have recently stimulated massive research interest for their exploitation to develop various sensor platforms. Herein, an effort has been made to review the major advances made on CDs, focusing mainly on its smart material attributes and linked applications. Since the CD's material properties are largely linked to their synthesis approaches, various synthesis methods, including surface passivation and functionalization of CDs and the mechanisms reported so far in their photophysical properties, are also delineated in this review. Finally, the challenges of using CDs and the scope for their further improvement as an optical signal transducer to expand their application horizon for developing analytical platforms have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (L.N.)
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19
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Vale N, Silva S, Duarte D, Crista DMA, Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG. Normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells to evaluate the safety of carbon dots. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:245-253. [PMID: 34046613 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human normal breast cell line MCF-10A is being widely used as a model in toxicity studies due to its structural similarity to the normal human mammary epithelium. Over the years, application of carbon dots (C-dots) in biomedicine has been increasing due to their photoluminescence properties, biocompatibility, biosafety and possible applications in bioimaging and as drug carriers. In this work we prepared three different C-dots from the same set of carbon and nitrogen precursors (citric acid and urea, respectively) via three distinct bottom-up synthetic routes and their safety was tested against the normal breast cell line MCF-10A. The characterization results demonstrated a similar size range and composition for all the C-dots. The MCF-10A cells were treated with different concentrations of C-dots for 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the cell viability over time. For the 24 h incubation, there were no significant decreases in the viability of the MCF-10A cells. For the 48 h treatment, there was a significant decrease in the viability of the cells treated with calcination-based C-dots, but without significant cellular viability changes for microwave and hydrothermal-based C-dots. For 72 h, cells treated with hydrothermal-based C-dots have the most promising viability profile. Also, compared with paclitaxel, these C-dots have a safety profile very close to that of an antineoplastic in non-tumor cells. Our results suggest that these new C-dots have potential as imaging candidates or biosensing tools as well as drug carriers, and further investigation in animal models is needed for future application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Duarte
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana M A Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
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20
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Carbon quantum Dot@Silver nanocomposite-based fluorescent imaging of intracellular superoxide anion. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:484. [PMID: 32757083 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP)-coated carbon quantum dot (CQD) core-shell-structured nanocomposites (CQD@Ag NCs) were developed for fluorescent imaging of intracellular superoxide anion (O2•-). The morphology of CQD@Ag NCs was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and the composition was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CQDs display blue fluorescence with excitation/emission maxima at 360/440 nm, and the fluorescence was quenched by Ag NPs in CQD@Ag NCs. In the presence of O2•-, Ag NPs were oxide-etched and the fluorescence of CQDs was recovered. A linearity between the relative fluorescence intensity and O2•- solution concentration within the range 0.6 to 1.6 μM was found, with a detection limit of 0.3 μM. Due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, the as-synthesized CQD@Ag NCs have been successfully applied for imaging of O2•- in MCF-7 cells during the whole process of autophagy induced by serum starvation. In our perception, the developed method provides a cost-effective, sensitive, and selective tool in bioimaging and monitoring of intracellular O2•- changes, and is promising for potential biological applications. Graphical abstract Illustration of the synthesis of carbon quantum Dot@Silver nanocomposites (CQD@Ag NCs), and CQD@Ag NCs as a "turn-on" nanoprobe for fluorescent imaging of intracellular superoxide anion.
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21
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Chen P, Zhang J, He X, Liu YH, Yu XQ. Hydrophobically modified carbon dots as a multifunctional platform for serum-resistant gene delivery and cell imaging. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3730-3740. [PMID: 32501458 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel multifunctional gene delivery systems with high efficiency is significant. Herein, due to the unique physical and optical properties of carbon dots (CDs), CDs prepared from polyethyleneimine (PEI) were modified with various hydrophobic chains and different degrees of substitution via an epoxide ring-opening reaction. The modification and substitution degree were confirmed using several analytical methods including 1H NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, and XPS. These CDs were utilized as multifunctional, safe and efficient non-viral gene vectors. The results showed that these materials possessed capability for dual-channel imaging, which enabled the intracellular tracking of the delivered DNA. Both the type and substitution degree of the hydrophobic chain have a large influence on their transfection efficiency. Among the prepared CDs, Ole1.5-CD gave the highest transfection efficiency, which was up to 200 times higher than that of PEI 25 kDa in the presence of serum in A549 cells. Meanwhile, these CD materials showed much less cytotoxicity and better serum tolerance than the traditional cationic polymeric gene vector. The cellular uptake assay further confirmed the good serum tolerance and structure-activity relationship of the CD materials. Thus, these CDs with good biocompatibility, self-imaging and high gene transfection efficiency may serve as a promising platform for both gene delivery and bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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22
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Jiang L, Ding H, Xu M, Hu X, Li S, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Lu S, Tian Y, Bi H. UV-Vis-NIR Full-Range Responsive Carbon Dots with Large Multiphoton Absorption Cross Sections and Deep-Red Fluorescence at Nucleoli and In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000680. [PMID: 32285624 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), with excellent optical property and cytocompatibility, are an ideal class of nanomaterials applied in the field of biomedicine. However, the weak response of CDs in the near-infrared (NIR) region impedes their practical applications. Here, UV-vis-NIR full-range responsive fluorine and nitrogen doped CDs (N-CDs-F) are designed and synthesized that own a favorable donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) configuration and exhibit excellent two-photon (λex = 1060 nm), three-photon (λex = 1600 nm), and four-photon (λex = 2000 nm) excitation upconversion fluorescence. D-π-A-conjugated CDs prepared by solvothermal synthesis under the assistance of ammonia fluoride are reported and are endowed with larger multiphoton absorption (MPA) cross sections (3PA: 9.55 × 10-80 cm6 s2 photon-2 , 4PA: 6.32 × 10-80 cm8 s3 photon-3 ) than conventional organic compounds. Furthermore, the N-CDs-F show bright deep-red to NIR fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo, and can even stain the nucleoli of tumor cells. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the strong inter-dot and intra-dot hydrogen bonds through NH···F that can facilitate the expanding of conjugated sp2 domains, and thus not only result in lower highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level but also larger MPA cross sections than those of undoped CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shengli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
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23
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Du X, Dong W, Li Z, Wen G, Liu M, Fan X. A novel nanosensor for detecting tetracycline based on fluorescent palladium nanoclusters. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) is considered one of the most widely used antibiotic medicines, and ranks the second highest in global production and usage among all antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Wenxia Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zhongping Li
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guangming Wen
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Institute of Crystalline Materials
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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24
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Jiang L, Ding H, Lu S, Geng T, Xiao G, Zou B, Bi H. Photoactivated Fluorescence Enhancement in F,N‐Doped Carbon Dots with Piezochromic Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:9986-9991. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University 100 Kexue Road Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ting Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
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25
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Jiang L, Ding H, Lu S, Geng T, Xiao G, Zou B, Bi H. Photoactivated Fluorescence Enhancement in F,N‐Doped Carbon Dots with Piezochromic Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University 100 Kexue Road Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ting Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern BiomanufacturingAnhui University 111 Jiulong Road Hefei 230601 China
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26
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Gaikwad A, Joshi M, Patil K, Sathaye S, Rode C. Fluorescent Carbon-Dots Thin Film for Fungal Detection and Bio-labeling Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5829-5840. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gaikwad
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meenal Joshi
- Late Prin. B. V. Bhide Foundation, Sir Parashurambhau
College Campus, Pune 411030, India
| | - Kashinath Patil
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shivaram Sathaye
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Rode
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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27
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Ye X, Xiang Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu Z. A Red Emissive Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe Based on Carbon Dots for Intracellular pH Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901673. [PMID: 31157517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH is closely related with many biological processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, endocytic processes, signal transduction, and enzymatic activity. The use of fluorescent probes has become an essential method for intracellular pH detection, but existing fluorescent probes have substantial limitations, such as requiring tedious synthetic preparation, suffering from an inappropriate response range and insufficiently long emission wavelength. In this work, a red emissive two-photon fluorescence probe based on carbon dots (pH-CDs) is fabricated using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method for the monitoring of intracellular pH. pH-CDs possess a variety of superior properties, including high selectivity, excellent photostability, and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, they exhibit a pH-sensitive response in the range of 1.0-9.0 and a linear range of 3.5-6.5, which is desirable for tracking the pH value in living cells. It is demonstrated that the pH-dependent fluorescence signal is regulated via switching between aggregation and disaggregation of CDs. More importantly, pH-CDs can be successfully applied to sense and visualize pH fluctuation in cells, tissue, and zebrafish. These findings suggest that the as-prepared pH-CDs probe has significant potential for practical application in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yunhui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qirong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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28
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Wang B, Li J, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Near-infrared emissive carbon dots with 33.96% emission in aqueous solution for cellular sensing and light-emitting diodes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1285-1292. [PMID: 36659610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared emissive carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield (QY) of 33.96% in an aqueous solution, and the peak toward the near-infrared fluorescence reached 685 nm. The CDs exhibited pH-sensitive characteristics under strong acidic conditions. Even at pH = 0, the as-prepared CDs retained a high fluorescence intensity, which proved that they possessed good acid resistance. More importantly, the CDs were sensitive to the Fe3+ changes in living cells. In addition, they could also be used for white and red emissive LEDs. This discovery will expand the use of aqueous-phase high QY CDs in the field of living cell sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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29
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Hua XW, Bao YW, Zeng J, Wu FG. Nucleolus-Targeted Red Emissive Carbon Dots with Polarity-Sensitive and Excitation-Independent Fluorescence Emission: High-Resolution Cell Imaging and in Vivo Tracking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32647-32658. [PMID: 31381288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Red-emitting carbon dots (CDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their wide applications in areas including imaging, sensing, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. However, it is still highly challenging for red-emitting CDs to simultaneously achieve high quantum yields (QYs), nucleus targeting, and super-resolution fluorescence imaging (especially the stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging). Here, it is found that the addition of varied metal ions during the hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) leads to the formation of fluorescent CDs with emission wavelengths up to 700 nm. Strikingly, although metal ions play a crucial role in the synthesis of CDs with varied QYs, they are absent in the formed CDs, that is, the obtained CDs are metal-free, and the metal ions play a role similar to a "catalyst" during the CD formation. Besides, using pPDA and nickel ions (Ni2+) as raw materials, we prepare Ni-pPCDs which have the highest QY and exhibit various excellent fluorescence properties including excitation-independent emission (at ∼605 nm), good photostability, polarity sensitivity, and ribonucleic acid responsiveness. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Ni-pPCDs are highly biocompatible and can realize real-time, wash-free, and high-resolution imaging of cell nuclei and high-contrast imaging of tumor-bearing mice and zebrafish. In summary, the present work may hold great promise in the synthesis and applications of red emissive CDs.
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30
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Han Z, Ni Y, Ren J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhou S, Yu SF. Highly efficient and ultra-narrow bandwidth orange emissive carbon dots for microcavity lasers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11577-11583. [PMID: 31169274 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03448j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent materials with high efficiency, narrow emission bandwidth and long emission wavelength have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, for novel luminescent carbon dots, it is still a major challenge to obtain these properties simultaneously. Here, this type of carbon dot was proposed using 1,4-diaminonaphthalene as the initial source. The carbon dots demonstrate strong orange emission with the highest quantum yield of 82% and an extremely narrow emission bandwidth of 30 nm. It is found that the orange emission of carbon dots is attributed to the high defect amounts including nitrogen and oxygen doping. The high carboxyl group content leads to a high efficiency and the uniform size distribution results in a narrow bandwidth. The carbon dots are used as the gain medium of a whispering gallery mode microcavity laser. A low excitation threshold of 12 kW cm-2 and a high quality factor of ∼3600 can be obtained from the microcavity lasers. This work has provided a didactic example to develop high-quality long emission-wavelength carbon dots with strong emission and an ultra-narrow emission bandwidth, which makes it possible to expand the application of original and high-performance lasers or other optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Han
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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31
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Anwar S, Ding H, Xu M, Hu X, Li Z, Wang J, Liu L, Jiang L, Wang D, Dong C, Yan M, Wang Q, Bi H. Recent Advances in Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Biomedical Applications of Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2317-2338. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Anwar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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32
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Walia S, Shukla AK, Sharma C, Acharya A. Engineered Bright Blue- and Red-Emitting Carbon Dots Facilitate Synchronous Imaging and Inhibition of Bacterial and Cancer Cell Progression via 1O2-Mediated DNA Damage under Photoirradiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1987-2000. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanka Walia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Ashish K. Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Chandni Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
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33
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Wang ZX, Gao YF, Jin X, Yu XH, Tao X, Kong FY, Fan DH, Wang W. Excitation-independent emission carbon nanoribbon polymer as a ratiometric photoluminescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of quercetin. Analyst 2019; 144:2256-2263. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon nanoribbon (SNCNR) polymers with stable dual-emission fluorescence were synthesized using a one-step traditional hydrothermal method of 6-mercaptopurine in an aqueous methanol solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province
| | - Yuan-Fei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Xing Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Xian-He Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Xi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Da-He Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051
- PR China
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34
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Liu Y, Jiang L, Li B, Fan X, Wang W, Liu P, Xu S, Luo X. Nitrogen doped carbon dots: mechanism investigation and their application for label free CA125 analysis. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) were firstly prepared by using pear juice as the carbon source and ethanediamine as a nitrogen doping precursor with a microwave assisted pyrolysis technique. Based on the fluorescence recovery induced by competitive adsorption and desorption, a label-free “turn on” fluorescence assay with high sensitivity and selectivity was proposed for the analysis of CA125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Liping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Bijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Pingping Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC
- Zhengzhou 450000
- P. R. China
| | - Shenghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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35
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Yang L, Zhao H, Liu N, Wang W. A target analyte induced fluorescence band shift of piperazine modified carbon quantum dots: a specific visual detection method for oxytetracycline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12364-12367. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A visual and specific assay of oxytetracycline is realized by inducing a fluorescence band shift of piperazine modified carbon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
| | - Haitong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
| | - Ning Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
| | - Wei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
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