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Barhum H, McDonnell C, Peltek O, Jain R, Amer M, Kain D, Elad-Sfadia G, Athamna M, Blinder P, Ginzburg P. In-Brain Multiphoton Imaging of Vaterite Cargoes Loaded with Carbon Dots. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38781101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible fluorescent agents are key contributors to the theranostic paradigm by enabling real-time in vivo imaging. This study explores the optical properties of phenylenediamine carbon dots (CDs) and demonstrates their potential for fluorescence imaging in cells and brain blood vessels. The nonlinear absorption cross-section of the CDs was measured and achieved values near 50 Goeppert-Mayer (GM) units with efficient excitation in the 775-895 nm spectral range. Mesoporous vaterite nanoparticles were loaded with CDs to examine the possibility of a biocompatible imaging platform. Efficient one- and two-photon imaging of the CD-vaterite composites uptaken by diverse cells was demonstrated. For an in vivo scenario, CD-vaterite composites were injected into the bloodstream of a mouse, and their flow was monitored within the blood vessels of the brain through a cranial window. These results show the potential of the platform for high-brightness biocompatible imaging with the potential for both sensing and simultaneous drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oleksii Peltek
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Rudhvi Jain
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mariam Amer
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Athamna
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Li Z. Facile Synthesis of B/P Co-Doping Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots Derived from Phenylenediamine Isomers and Their Application in Anticounterfeiting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:813. [PMID: 38786770 PMCID: PMC11123944 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) possess a considerable number of beneficial features for latent applications in biotargeted drugs, electronic transistors, and encrypted information. The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots has become a trend in contemporary research, especially in the field of controllable multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. In this study, an elementary one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the multicolor fluorescent carbon dots by co-doping unique phenylenediamine isomers (o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD) with B and P elements, which under 365 nm UV light exhibited signs of lavender-color, grass-color, and tangerine-color fluorescence, respectively. Further investigations reveal the distinctness in the polymerization, surface-specific functional groups, and graphite N content of the multicolor CDs, which may be the chief factor regarding the different optical behaviors of the multicolor CDs. This new work offers a route for the exploration of multicolor CDs using B/P co-doping and suggests great potential in the field of optical materials, important information encryption, and commercial anticounterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Ullal N, Mehta R, Sunil D. Separation and purification of fluorescent carbon dots - an unmet challenge. Analyst 2024; 149:1680-1700. [PMID: 38407365 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Literature reports demonstrate versatile optical applications of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in biological imaging, full-color solid-state lighting, optoelectronics, sensing, anticounterfeiting and so on. The fluorescence associated with CDs may originate significantly from byproducts generated during their synthesis, which need to be eliminated to achieve error-free results. The significance of purification, specifically for luminescence-based characterizations, is highly critical and imperative. Thus, there is a pressing demand to implement consistent and adequate purification strategies to reduce sample complexity and thereby realize reliable results that can provide a tactical steppingstone towards the advancement of CDs as next-generation optical materials. The article focuses on the mechanism of origin of fluorescence from CDs and further demonstrates the different purification approaches including dialysis, centrifugation, filtration, solvent extraction, chromatography, and electrophoresis that have been adopted by various researchers. Furthermore, the fundamental separation mechanism, as well as the advantages and limitations of each of these purification techniques are discussed. The article finally provides the critical challenges of these purification techniques that need to be overcome to obtain homogeneous CD fractions that demonstrate coherent and reliable optical features for suitable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha Ullal
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Riya Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Zeng HH, Huang RX, Jiang MQ, Liu F, Shi WG, Chen L. Dual-mode sensing strategy based on carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of molybdate ions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:187. [PMID: 38453742 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Two kinds of carbon dots with the maximum fluorescence peak of 492 nm (named as G-CDs) and 607 nm (named as R-CDs) were synthesized. In the presence of MoO42- ions, the fluorescence of R-CDs at 607 nm can be quenched, which can probably be assigned to their aggregation caused by MoO42-, while that of G-CDs at 492 nm remained unchanged. For the first time, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was developed for MoO42- ions detection. In the range 0.25 ~ 100 μM, the fluorescence ratio (F492/F607) of the probe was linearly related to MoO42- concentration, and the detection limit was 61.5 nM, which fully meets the minimum detection requirements of MoO42- ions in drinking water. On the other hand, when MoO42- was introduced, a significant fading phenomenon of R-CDs can be observed with the naked eye; thereby, the colorimetric method can also be proposed. Based on above, the ratiometric fluorometric/colorimetric dual-mode sensing method was established for MoO42- anion quantification. Compared with the traditional analysis methods, the results obtained by multimodal sensing can be mutually verified, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability. The dual-mode assay proposed in this work provides an alternative scheme to meet the need of sensing target compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China.
| | - Ren-Xiu Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Wei-Guo Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
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5
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Maity S, Modak MD, Tomar MS, Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Patra S, Pareek D, Singh M, Pandey M, Paik P. Facile cost-effective green synthesis of carbon dots: selective detection of biologically relevant metal ions and synergetic efficiency for treatment of cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025043. [PMID: 38364283 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A facile cost-effective green synthesis approach has been used to synthesize carbon-dot (CDs) from the Kernel part of theAzadirachta Indicaseeds and investigated their fluorescent and metal ions sensing capability and also used for the delivery of drugs. Metallic ions such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Fe3+,and Zn2+which are biologically important for many reactions and are selectively detected through the novel CDs. The resultant dot size of CDs (∼4 nm) is useful to eliminate the 'Achilles heel' problems, which is associated with the Zn2+in the body and its detection is a very challenging task. It is found that the sensitivity of CDs for the detection of Zn2+can be regulated by using different solvents. These CDs can also be used as a sensing probe for the selective detection of Fe3+at a very low concentration of solution (∼5 μM). The synthesis method of CDs reported here is cost-effective, very fast and it is highly selective towards Fe3+and Zn2+. Due to the fast response capability of these CDs, logic gate operation is achieved and it provides a new understanding to construct potential next-generation molecular devices for the detection of different biomolecules with high selectivity. Additionally, these CDs are biocompatible against normal healthy cells, capable of loading small biomolecules and drugs due to their porous nature, and exhibited potential impact for breast cancer therapy. It is observed that a significant synergic therapeutic effect of CDs loaded with doxorubicin against breast cancer cells is very promising. Thus, the CDs reported herein in this work have been synthesized through a green synthesis approach and can be used as a molecular probe for the detection of metal ions as well as for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Monami Das Modak
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Munendra Singh Tomar
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Monica Pandey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
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Nelson DJ, Vasimalai N, John SA, Sethuraman MG. On-Off-On Fluorometric Detection of Hg(II) and L-Cysteine Using Red Emissive Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Environmental and Clinical Sample Analysis. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03598-9. [PMID: 38300484 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This research introduces a novel fluorescence sensor 'on-off-on' employing nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) with an 'on-off-on' mechanism for the selective and sensitive detection of Hg(II) and L-cysteine (L-Cys). N-CDs was synthesized using citric acid as the carbon precursor and urea as the nitrogen source in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, resulting in red emissive characteristics under UV light. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, Raman, and Zeta potential techniques, validated the structural and optical characteristics of the synthesized N-CDs. The maximum excitation and emission of N-CDs were observed at 548 and 622 nm, respectively. The quantum yield of N-CDs was calculated to be 16.1%. The fluorescence of N-CDs effectively quenches upon the addition of Hg(II) due to the strong coordination between Hg(II) and the surface functionalities of N-CDs. Conversely, upon the subsequent addition of L-Cys, the fluorescence of N-CDs was restored. This restoration can be attributed to the stronger affinity of the -SH group in L-Cys towards Hg(II) relative to the surface functionalities of N-CDs. This dual-mode response enabled the detection of Hg(II) and L-Cys with impressive detection limits of 15.1 nM and 8.0 nM, respectively. This sensor methodology effectively detects Hg(II) in lake water samples and L-Cys levels in human urine, with a recovery range between 99 and 101%. Furthermore, the N-CDs demonstrated excellent stability, high sensitivity, and selectivity, making them a promising fluorescence on-off-on probe for both environmental monitoring of Hg(II) and clinical diagnostics of L-Cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- D James Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Vasimalai
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Abraham John
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624302, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M G Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624302, Tamilnadu, India.
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7
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Ghosh S, Katiyar JD, Chattopadhyay S. Stimuli-directed selective detection of Cu 2+ and Cr 2O 72- ions using a pH-responsive chitosan-poly(aminoamide) fluorescent microgel in aqueous media. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:79-88. [PMID: 37999681 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of a pH-responsive fluorescent microgel, (NANO-PAMAM-CHT), is presented for the selective detection of Cu2+ and Cr2O72- ions. The NANO-PAMAM-CHT (nanosized polyaminoamide-chitosan microgel) is synthesized via aza-Michael addition reactions in a controlled and stepwise manner in water, using easily affordable starting materials like 1,4-diaminobutane, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide, NIPAM and chitosan. NANO-PAMAM-CHT shows pH-responsive fluorescent properties, whereas the fluorescence intensity shows a pH-responsive change. Due to the selective fluorescence quenching, the microgel can detect both Cu2+ ions and Cr2O72- ions selectively at ambient pH in aqueous medium. Moreover, it can selectively differentiate between Cu2+ ion and Cr2O72- ions at pH ∼3 in water. The limits of detection for Cu2+ ions and Cr2O72- ions are reported as 16.9 μM and 2.62 μM, respectively (lower than the minimum allowed level in drinking water) at pH ∼7. Mechanistic study further reveals the dynamic quenching phenomenon in the presence of Cu2+ ions and static quenching in the presence of Cr2O72- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Jyoti Devi Katiyar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801106, Bihar, India.
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8
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Barhum H, Kolchanov DS, Attrash M, Unis R, Alnis J, Salgals T, Yehia I, Ginzburg P. Thin-film conformal fluorescent SU8-phenylenediamine. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17544-17554. [PMID: 37870398 PMCID: PMC10634436 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The SU8 polymer is a negative photoresist widely used to produce high-quality coatings, with controllable thicknesses ranging from nanometers to millimeters, depending on fabrication protocols. Apart from conventional use cases in microelectronics and fluidics, SU8 is quite an attractive platform in nanophotonics. This material, being straightforwardly processed by ultraviolet lithography, is transparent to wavelengths longer than 500 nm. However, introducing fluorescent agents within the SU8 matrix remains a challenge owing to its high hydrophobicity. Here, we develop a process, where colorful quantum dots co-participate in the polymerization process by epoxide amination and become a part of a new fluorescent material - SU8-phenylenediamine. Through comprehensive characterization methods, including XPS and 1H-NMR analyses, we demonstrate that m-PD covalently binds to SU8 epoxy sites with its molecular amine, virtually forming a new material and not just a mixture of two compounds. After characterizing the new strongly fluorescent platform, thin 300 nm films were created on several surfaces, including a conformal coverage of a nanofluidic capillary. This new process provides opportunities to incorporate various functional molecules into optoelectronic devices without the need for multistep deposition and surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara' 3007500, Israel.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Denis S Kolchanov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Mohammad Attrash
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Razan Unis
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara' 3007500, Israel.
- Department of Environmental Studies, Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Janis Alnis
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, 1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Toms Salgals
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 12 Azenes Street, 1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ibrahim Yehia
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara' 3007500, Israel.
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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9
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Liu Y, Liang F, Sun J, Sun R, Liu C, Deng C, Seidi F. Synthesis Strategies, Optical Mechanisms, and Applications of Dual-Emissive Carbon Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2869. [PMID: 37947715 PMCID: PMC10650469 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the optical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and figuring out the mechanisms underneath the emissive phenomena have been one of the most cutting-edge topics in the development of carbon-based nanomaterials. Dual-emissive CDs possess the intrinsic dual-emission character upon single-wavelength excitation, which significantly benefits their multi-purpose applications. Explosive exploitations of dual-emissive CDs have been reported during the past five years. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic summary of the rising star nanomaterial. In this review, we summarize the synthesis strategies and optical mechanisms of the dual-emissive CDs. The applications in the areas of biosensing, bioimaging, as well as photoelectronic devices are also outlined. The last section presents the main challenges and perspectives in further promoting the development of dual-emissive CDs. By covering the most vital publications, we anticipate that the review is of referential significance for researchers in the synthesis, characterization, and application of dual-emissive CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (F.L.); (J.S.); (R.S.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (F.S.)
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Dang DK, Nguyen VN, Tahir Z, Jeong H, Kim S, Tran HN, Cho S, Park YC, Bae JS, Le CT, Yoon J, Kim YS. An Efficient Green Approach to Constructing Adenine Sulfate-Derived Multicolor Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Codoped Carbon Dots and Their Bioimaging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37366002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach is proposed for producing N- and S-codoped multicolor-emission carbon dots (N- and S-codoped MCDs) at a mild reaction temperature (150 °C) and relatively short time (3 h). In this process, adenine sulfate acts as a novel precursor and doping agent, effectively reacting with other reagents such as citric acid, para-aminosalicylic acid, and ortho-phenylenediamine, even during solvent-free pyrolysis. The distinctive structures of reagents lead to the increased amount of graphitic nitrogen and sulfur doping in the N- and S-codoped MCDs. Notably, the obtained N- and S-codoped MCDs exhibit considerable fluorescence intensities, and their emission color can be adjusted from blue to yellow. The observed tunable photoluminescence can be attributed to variations in the surface state and the amount of N and S contents. Furthermore, due to the favorable optical properties, good water solubility and biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity, these N- and S-codoped MCDs, especially green carbon dots, are successfully applied as fluorescent probes for bioimaging. The affordable and environmentally friendly synthesis method employed to create N- and S-codoped MCDs, combined with their remarkable optical properties, offers a promising avenue for their use in various fields, particularly in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Khoi Dang
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeeshan Tahir
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungdo Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nhan Tran
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chang Park
- Measurement and Analysis Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, South Korea
| | - Chinh Tam Le
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu Z, Lu X, Liu M, Wang W. Blue, Yellow, and Red Carbon Dots from Aromatic Precursors for Light-Emitting Diodes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072957. [PMID: 37049718 PMCID: PMC10096300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, multicolor fluorescent carbon dots with red (R-CDs), yellow (Y-CDs), and blue (B-CDs) emissions were prepared by choosing proper aromatic precursors with different amounts of benzene rings through a simple solvothermal method. The characterization showed that the prepared carbon dots were spherical with a size under 10 nm, rich surface functional groups, and good stability. The emission wavelengths were located at 440, 530, and 580 nm under the excitation of 370 nm. The relative fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of R-CDs, Y-CDs, and B-CDs was 11%, 59%, and 33%, respectively. The related characterization demonstrated that the redshift in the photoluminescence was caused by the synergistic effect of the increasing graphitic nitrogen content, quantum size effect and surface oxidation state. By mixing the three prepared CDs into a PVA matrix, the transparent and flexible films produced relucent blue, yellow, and red emissions under 365 nm UV light, and solid-state quenching was effectively avoided. LEDs were fabricated by using B-CDs, Y-CDs, and R-CDs/PVA with a semiconductor chip. These CDs-based LEDs produced bright blue, yellow, and red light with CIE color coordinates of (0.16, 0.02), (0.38, 0.58), and (0.50, 0.49) were successfully manufactured utilizing the prepared blue, yellow and red multicolor carbon dots as the solid luminescent materials. The results showed that the synthesized CDs can be potentially applied in multi-color monitors as a promising candidate for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work blazes a novel trail for the controllable preparation of multicolor fluorescent carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.L.); (X.L.)
| | | | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.L.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-85953981
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Barhum H, McDonnell C, Alon T, Hammad R, Attrash M, Ellenbogen T, Ginzburg P. Organic Kainate Single Crystals for Second-Harmonic and Broadband THz Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8590-8600. [PMID: 36729720 PMCID: PMC9940106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals with unique nonlinear optical properties have been attracting attention owing to their capability to outperform their conventional nonorganic counterparts. Since nonlinear material responses are linked to a crystal's internal microscopic structure, molecular engineering of maximally unharmonic quantum potentials can boost macromolecular susceptibilities. Here, large-scale kainic acid (kainate) single crystals were synthesized, and their linear and nonlinear optical properties were studied in a broad spectral range, spanning the visible to THz spectral regions. The non-centrosymmetric zwitterionic crystallization, molecular structure, and intermolecular arrangement were found to act as additive donor-acceptor domains, enhancing the efficiency of the intrinsic second-order optical nonlinearity of this pure enantiomeric crystal. Molecular simulations and experimental analysis were performed to retrieve the crystals' properties. The crystals were predicted and found to have good transparency in a broad spectral range from the UV to the infrared (0.2-20 μm). Second-harmonic generation was measured for ultrashort pumping wavelengths between 800 and 2400 nm, showing an enhanced response around 600 nm. Broadband THz generation was demonstrated with a detection limited bandwidth of >8 THz along with emission efficiencies comparable to and prevailing those of commercial ZnTe crystals. The broadband nonlinear response and high transparency make kainate crystals extremely attractive for realizing a range of nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Triangle
Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara’3007500, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Tmiron Alon
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Raheel Hammad
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy No 36/P Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Mohammed Attrash
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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Harpaz D, Barhom H, Veltman B, Ginzburg P, Eltzov E. Biocompatibility characterization of vaterite with a bacterial whole-cell biosensor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113104. [PMID: 36584449 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The growing biomedical challenges impose the continuous development of novel platforms. Ensuring the biocompatibility of drug delivery and implantable biomedical devices is an essential requirement. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of vaterite nanoparticles is a promising platform, which has demonstrated distinctive optical and biochemical properties, including high porosity and metastability. In this study, the biocompatibility of differently shaped CaCO3 vaterite particles (toroids, ellipsoids, and spheroids) are evaluated by bacterial toxicity mode-of-action with a whole-cell biosensor. Different Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were used in the bioluminescent assay, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and quorum-sensing. Firstly, both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy characterizations were conducted. Bacterial cell death and aggregates were observed only in the highest tested concentration of the vaterite particles, especially in toroids 15-25 µm. After, the bioluminescent bacterial panel was exposed to the vaterite particles, and their bioluminescent signal reflected their toxicity mode-of-action. The vaterite particles resulted in an induction factor (IF > 1) on the bacterial panel, which was higher after exposure to the toroids (1.557 ≤ IF ≤ 2.271) and ellipsoids particles (1.712 ≤ IF ≤ 2.018), as compared to the spheroids particles (1.134 ≤ IF ≤ 1.494), in all the tested bacterial strains. Furthermore, the vaterite particles did not affect the viability of the bacterial cells. The bacterial monitoring demonstrated the biofriendly nature of especially spheroids vaterite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Hani Barhom
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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14
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Xue S, Li P, Sun L, An L, Qu D, Wang X, Sun Z. The Formation Process and Mechanism of Carbon Dots Prepared from Aromatic Compounds as Precursors: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206180. [PMID: 36650992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots are a novel type of nanomaterial. Due to their excellent optical properties, they have extensive application prospects in many fields. Studying the formation process and fluorescence mechanism of CDs will assist scientists in understanding the synthesis of CDs and guide more profound applications. Due to their conjugated structures, aromatic compounds have been continuously used to synthesize CDs, with emissions ranging from blue to NIR. There is a lack of a systematic summary of the formation process and fluorescence mechanism of aromatic precursors to form CDs. In this review, the formation process of CDs is first categorized into three main classes according to the precursor types of aromatic compounds: amines, phenols, and polycyclics. And then, the fluorescence mechanism of CDs synthesized from aromatic compounds is summarized. The challenges and prospects are proposed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xue
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Li An
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dan Qu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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15
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The preparation, optical properties and applications of carbon dots derived from phenylenediamine. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Li J, Gong X. The Emerging Development of Multicolor Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205099. [PMID: 36328736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, multicolor carbon dots (MCDs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence (PL), high quantum yield, and unique electronic and physicochemical properties. The multicolor emission characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) obviously depend on the carbon source precursor, reaction conditions, and reaction environment, which directly or indirectly determines the multicolor emission characteristics of CDs. Therefore, this review is the first systematic classification and summary of multiple regulation methods of synthetic MCDs and reviews the recent research progress in the synthesis of MCDs from a variety of precursor materials such as aromatic molecules, small organic molecules, and natural biomass, focusing on how different regulation methods produce corresponding MCDs. This review also introduces the innovative applications of MCDs in the fields of biological imaging, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their excellent PL properties. It is hoped that by selecting appropriate adjustment methods, this review can inspire and guide the future research on the design of tailored MCDs, and provide corresponding help for the development of multifunctional MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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17
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pH and solvent induced discoloration behavior of multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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de Boëver R, Town JR, Li X, Claverie JP. Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200748. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël de Boëver
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jason R. Town
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
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