1
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Ferrai C, Schulte C. Mechanotransduction in stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151417. [PMID: 38729084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is an established concept that the capability to reach a specialised cell identity via differentiation, as in the case of multi- and pluripotent stem cells, is not only determined by biochemical factors, but that also physical aspects of the microenvironment play a key role; interpreted by the cell through a force-based signalling pathway called mechanotransduction. However, the intricate ties between the elements involved in mechanotransduction, such as the extracellular matrix, the glycocalyx, the cell membrane, Integrin adhesion complexes, Cadherin-mediated cell/cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton, and the nucleus, are still far from being understood in detail. Here we report what is currently known about these elements in general and their specific interplay in the context of multi- and pluripotent stem cells. We furthermore merge this overview to a more comprehensive picture, that aims to cover the whole mechanotransductive pathway from the cell/microenvironment interface to the regulation of the chromatin structure in the nucleus. Ultimately, with this review we outline the current picture of the interplay between mechanotransductive cues and epigenetic regulation and how these processes might contribute to stem cell dynamics and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Ferrai
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Italy.
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2
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He Q, Sze SK, Ng KS, Koh CG. Paxillin interactome identified by SILAC and label-free approaches coupled to TurboID sheds light on the compositions of focal adhesions in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:73-85. [PMID: 37725837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are greatly affected by the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment; the composition and stiffness of which are sensed by the cells via integrin-associated focal adhesions (FAs) which link the cells to the ECM. Although FAs have been studied extensively in differentiated cells, their composition and function in mESCs are not as well elucidated. To gain more detailed knowledge of the molecular compositions of FAs in mESCs, we adopted the proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) proteomics approach. Paxillin, a known FA protein (FAP), is fused to the promiscuous biotin ligase TurboID as bait. We employed both SILAC- and label-free (LF)-based quantitative proteomics to strengthen as well as complement individual approach. The mass spectrometry data derived from SILAC and LF identified 38 and 443 proteins, respectively, with 35 overlapping candidates. Fifteen of these shared proteins are known FAPs based on literature-curated adhesome and 7 others are among the reported "meta-adhesome", suggesting the components of FAs are largely conserved between mESCs and differentiated cells. Furthermore, the LF data set contained an additional 18 literature-curated FAPs. Notably, the overlapped proteomics data failed to detect LIM-domain proteins such as zyxin family proteins, which suggests that FAs in mESCs are less mature than differentiated cells. Using the LF approach, we are able to identify PDLIM7, a LIM-domain protein, as a FAP in mESCs. This study illustrates the effectiveness of TurboID in mESCs. Importantly, we found that application of both SILAC and LF methods in combination allowed us to analyze the TurboID proteomics data in an unbiased, stringent and yet comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian He
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kai Soon Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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3
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Ghorbani S, Christine Füchtbauer A, Møllebjerg A, Møller Martensen P, Hvidbjerg Laursen S, Christian Evar Kraft D, Kjems J, Meyer RL, Rahimi K, Foss M, Füchtbauer EM, Sutherland DS. Protein ligand and nanotopography separately drive the phenotype of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122244. [PMID: 37459700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and biomechanical signals regulate stem cell function in the niche environments in vivo. Current in vitro culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) uses laminin (LN-511) to provide mimetic biochemical signaling (LN-521 for human systems) to maintain stemness. Alternative approaches propose topographical cues to provide biomechanical cues, however combined biochemical and topographic cues may better mimic the in vivo environment, but are largely unexplored for in vitro stem cell expansion. In this study, we directly compare in vitro signals from LN-511 and/or topographic cues to maintain stemness, using systematically-varied submicron pillar patterns or flat surfaces with or without preadsorbed LN-511. The adhesion of cells, colony formation, expression of the pluripotency marker,octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), and transcriptome profiling were characterized. We observed that either biochemical or topographic signals could maintain stemness of mESCs in feeder-free conditions, indicated by high-level Oct4 and gene profiling by RNAseq. The combination of LN-511 with nanotopography reduced colony growth, while maintaining stemness markers, shifted the cellular phenotype indicating that the integration of biochemical and topographic signals is antagonistic. Overall, significantly faster (up to 2.5 times) colony growth was observed at nanotopographies without LN-511, suggesting for improved ESC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Andreas Møllebjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Sara Hvidbjerg Laursen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - David Christian Evar Kraft
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Karim Rahimi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CELLPAT), Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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4
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Nunes Vicente F, Chen T, Rossier O, Giannone G. Novel imaging methods and force probes for molecular mechanobiology of cytoskeleton and adhesion. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:204-220. [PMID: 36055943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Detection and conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals is known as mechanotransduction. From cells to tissues, mechanotransduction regulates migration, proliferation, and differentiation in processes such as immune responses, development, and cancer progression. Mechanosensitive structures such as integrin adhesions, the actin cortex, ion channels, caveolae, and the nucleus sense and transmit forces. In vitro approaches showed that mechanosensing is based on force-dependent protein deformations and reorganizations. However, the mechanisms in cells remained unclear since cell imaging techniques lacked molecular resolution. Thanks to recent developments in super-resolution microscopy (SRM) and molecular force sensors, it is possible to obtain molecular insight of mechanosensing in live cells. We discuss how understanding of molecular mechanotransduction was revolutionized by these innovative approaches, focusing on integrin adhesions, actin structures, and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Nunes Vicente
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tianchi Chen
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Rossier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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5
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Kanchanawong P, Calderwood DA. Organization, dynamics and mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:142-161. [PMID: 36168065 PMCID: PMC9892292 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of animal cells to sense, adhere to and remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) is central to control of cell shape, mechanical responsiveness, motility and signalling, and hence to development, tissue formation, wound healing and the immune response. Cell-ECM interactions occur at various specialized, multi-protein adhesion complexes that serve to physically link the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the intracellular signalling apparatus. This occurs predominantly via clustered transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. Here we review how the interplay of mechanical forces, biochemical signalling and molecular self-organization determines the composition, organization, mechanosensitivity and dynamics of these adhesions. Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within the adhesions and characterization of rearrangements of their components in response to force, together with advanced imaging approaches, has improved understanding of adhesion maturation and turnover and the relationships between adhesion structures and functions. Perturbations of adhesion contribute to a broad range of diseases and to age-related dysfunction, thus an improved understanding of their molecular nature may facilitate therapeutic intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Zhang S, Chong LH, Woon JYX, Chua TX, Cheruba E, Yip AK, Li HY, Chiam KH, Koh CG. Zyxin regulates embryonic stem cell fate by modulating mechanical and biochemical signaling interface. Commun Biol 2023; 6:62. [PMID: 36653484 PMCID: PMC9849324 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical signaling and mechano-transduction are both critical in regulating stem cell fate. How crosstalk between mechanical and biochemical cues influences embryonic development, however, is not extensively investigated. Using a comparative study of focal adhesion constituents between mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) and their differentiated counterparts, we find while zyxin is lowly expressed in mESCs, its levels increase dramatically during early differentiation. Interestingly, overexpression of zyxin in mESCs suppresses Oct4 and Nanog. Using an integrative biochemical and biophysical approach, we demonstrate involvement of zyxin in regulating pluripotency through actin stress fibres and focal adhesions which are known to modulate cellular traction stress and facilitate substrate rigidity-sensing. YAP signaling is identified as an important biochemical effector of zyxin-induced mechanotransduction. These results provide insights into the role of zyxin in the integration of mechanical and biochemical cues for the regulation of embryonic stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjing Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lor Huai Chong
- Bioinformatics Institute A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jessie Yong Xing Woon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theng Xuan Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ai Kia Yip
- Bioinformatics Institute A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoi-Yeung Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Wong DCP, Xiao J, Chew TW, Pan M, Lee CJM, Ang JW, Yow I, Thivakar T, Ackers‐Johnson M, Lee NJW, Foo RS, Kanchanawong P, Low BC. BNIP-2 Activation of Cellular Contractility Inactivates YAP for H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202834. [PMID: 35975420 PMCID: PMC9631078 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases and Hippo kinases are key regulators of cardiomyoblast differentiation. However, how these signaling axes are coordinated spatiotemporally remains unclear. Here, the central and multifaceted roles of the BCH domain containing protein, BNIP-2, in orchestrating the expression of two key cardiac genes (cardiac troponin T [cTnT] and cardiac myosin light chain [Myl2]) in H9c2 and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are delineated. This study shows that BNIP-2 mRNA and protein expression increase with the onset of cTnT and Myl2 and promote the alignment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, BNIP-2 is required for the inactivation of YAP through YAP phosphorylation and its cytosolic retention. Turbo-ID proximity labeling corroborated by super-resolution analyses and biochemical pulldown data reveals a scaffolding role of BNIP-2 for LATS1 to phosphorylate and inactivate YAP in a process that requires BNIP-2 activation of cellular contractility. The findings identify BNIP-2 as a pivotal signaling scaffold that spatiotemporally integrates RhoA/Myosin II and LATS1/YAP mechanotransduction signaling to drive cardiomyoblast differentiation, by switching the genetic programming from YAP-dependent growth to YAP-silenced differentiation. These findings offer insights into the importance of scaffolding proteins in bridging the gap between mechanical and biochemical signals in cell growth and differentiation and the prospects in translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117558Singapore
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Ti Weng Chew
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Meng Pan
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Chang Jie Mick Lee
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore138672Singapore
| | - Jing Wen Ang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117558Singapore
| | - Ivan Yow
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - T. Thivakar
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Matthew Ackers‐Johnson
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore138672Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Healthcare SystemsSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Nicole Jia Wen Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117558Singapore
| | - Roger Sik‐Yin Foo
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore138672Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteNational University Healthcare SystemsSingapore117599Singapore
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117558Singapore
- NUS CollegeNational University of SingaporeSingapore138593Singapore
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8
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Actomyosin contractility as a mechanical checkpoint for cell state transitions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16063. [PMID: 36163393 PMCID: PMC9512847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell state transitions induced by mechano-chemical cues result in a heterogeneous population of cell states. While much of the work towards understanding the origins of such heterogeneity has focused on the gene regulatory mechanisms, the contribution of intrinsic mechanical properties of cells remains unknown. In this paper, using a well-defined single cell platform to induce cell-state transitions, we reveal the importance of actomyosin contractile forces in regulating the heterogeneous cell-fate decisions. Temporal analysis of laterally confined growth of fibroblasts revealed sequential changes in the colony morphology which was tightly coupled to the progressive erasure of lineage-specific transcription programs. Pseudo-trajectory constructed using unsupervised diffusion analysis of the colony morphology features revealed a bifurcation event in which some cells undergo successful cell state transitions towards partial reprogramming. Importantly, inhibiting actomyosin contractility before the bifurcation event leads to more efficient dedifferentiation. Taken together, this study highlights the presence of mechanical checkpoints that contribute to the heterogeneity in cell state transitions.
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9
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Liu S, Kanchanawong P. Emerging interplay of cytoskeletal architecture, cytomechanics and pluripotency. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275761. [PMID: 35726598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layers and trophoblasts, whereas tissue-specific adult stem cells have a more limited lineage potency. Although the importance of the cytoskeletal architecture and cytomechanical properties in adult stem cell differentiation have been widely appreciated, how they contribute to mechanotransduction in PSCs is less well understood. Here, we discuss recent insights into the interplay of cellular architecture, cell mechanics and the pluripotent states of PSCs. Notably, the distinctive cytomechanical and morphodynamic profiles of PSCs are accompanied by a number of unique molecular mechanisms. The extent to which such mechanobiological signatures are intertwined with pluripotency regulation remains an open question that may have important implications in developmental morphogenesis and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Liu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
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10
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Ravasio A, Morselli E, Bertocchi C. Mechanoautophagy: Synergies Between Autophagy and Cell Mechanotransduction at Adhesive Complexes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:917662. [PMID: 35721483 PMCID: PMC9198486 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.917662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are exposed and respond to various mechanical forces and physical cues stemming from their environment. This interaction has been seen to differentially regulate various cellular processes for maintenance of homeostasis, of which autophagy represents one of the major players. In addition, autophagy has been suggested to regulate mechanical functions of the cells including their interaction with the environment. In this minireview, we summarize the state of the art of the fascinating interplay between autophagy and the mechanotransduction machinery associated with cell adhesions, that we name ¨Mechanoautophagy¨
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ravasio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristina Bertocchi, ; Andrea Ravasio,
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Department of Physiology Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristina Bertocchi, ; Andrea Ravasio,
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11
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Hobson CM, Aaron JS. Combining multiple fluorescence imaging techniques in biology: when one microscope is not enough. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:tp1. [PMID: 35549314 PMCID: PMC9265156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While fluorescence microscopy has proven to be an exceedingly useful tool in bioscience, it is difficult to offer simultaneous high resolution, fast speed, large volume, and good biocompatibility in a single imaging technique. Thus, when determining the image data required to quantitatively test a complex biological hypothesis, it often becomes evident that multiple imaging techniques are necessary. Recent years have seen an explosion in development of novel fluorescence microscopy techniques, each of which features a unique suite of capabilities. In this Technical Perspective, we highlight recent studies to illustrate the benefits, and often the necessity, of combining multiple fluorescence microscopy modalities. We provide guidance in choosing optimal technique combinations to effectively address a biological question. Ultimately, we aim to promote a more well-rounded approach in designing fluorescence microscopy experiments, leading to more robust quantitative insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Hobson
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
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12
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Labouesse C, Tan BX, Agley CC, Hofer M, Winkel AK, Stirparo GG, Stuart HT, Verstreken CM, Mulas C, Mansfield W, Bertone P, Franze K, Silva JCR, Chalut KJ. StemBond hydrogels control the mechanical microenvironment for pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6132. [PMID: 34675200 PMCID: PMC8531294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently and robustly control both substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix tethering to substrates, making matrix tethering a potentially confounding variable in mechanical signalling investigations. Moreover, unstable matrix tethering can lead to poor cell attachment and weak engagement of cell adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, a hydrogel in which matrix tethering is robust and can be varied independently of stiffness. We validate StemBond hydrogels by showing that they provide an optimal system for culturing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. We further show how soft StemBond hydrogels modulate stem cell function, partly through stiffness-sensitive ERK signalling. Our findings underline how substrate mechanics impact mechanosensitive signalling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that optimising the complete mechanical microenvironment will offer greater control over stem cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bao Xiu Tan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Chibeza C Agley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alexander K Winkel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christophe M Verstreken
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - William Mansfield
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, IR, USA
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - José C R Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, 510005, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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13
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Cui L, Yao Y, Yim EKF. The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031509. [PMID: 34368603 PMCID: PMC8318605 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel has been an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and contact lens materials, due to its outstanding properties, including high water content, transparency, biocompatibility, tissue mechanical matching, and low toxicity. As hydrogel commonly possesses high surface hydrophilicity, chemical modifications have been applied to achieve the optimal surface properties to improve the performance of hydrogels for specific applications. Ideally, the effects of surface modifications would be stable, and the modification would not affect the inherent hydrogel properties. In recent years, a new type of surface modification has been discovered to be able to alter hydrogel properties by physically patterning the hydrogel surfaces with topographies. Such physical patterning methods can also affect hydrogel surface chemical properties, such as protein adsorption, microbial adhesion, and cell response. This review will first summarize the works on developing hydrogel surface patterning methods. The influence of surface topography on interfacial energy and the subsequent effects on protein adsorption, microbial, and cell interactions with patterned hydrogel, with specific examples in biomedical applications, will be discussed. Finally, current problems and future challenges on topographical modification of hydrogels will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Gorji A, Toh PJY, Ong HT, Toh YC, Toyama Y, Kanchanawong P. Enhancement of Endothelialization by Topographical Features Is Mediated by PTP1B-Dependent Endothelial Adherens Junctions Remodeling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2661-2675. [PMID: 33942605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial Cells (ECs) form cohesive cellular lining of the vasculature and play essential roles in both developmental processes and pathological conditions. Collective migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) are key processes underlying endothelialization of vessels as well as vascular graft, but the complex interplay of mechanical and biochemical signals regulating these processes are still not fully elucidated. While surface topography and biochemical modifications have been used to enhance endothelialization in vitro, thus far such single-modality modifications have met with limited success. As combination therapy that utilizes multiple modalities has shown improvement in addressing various intractable and complex biomedical conditions, here, we explore a combined strategy that utilizes topographical features in conjunction with pharmacological perturbations. We characterized EC behaviors in response to micrometer-scale grating topography in concert with pharmacological perturbations of endothelial adherens junctions (EAJ) regulators. We found that the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, serves as a potent regulator of EAJ stability, with PTP1B inhibition synergizing with grating topographies to modulate EAJ rearrangement, thereby augmenting global EC monolayer sheet orientation, proliferation, connectivity, and collective cell migration. Our data delineates the crosstalk between cell-ECM topography sensing and cell-cell junction integrity maintenance and suggests that the combined use of grating topography and PTP1B inhibitor could be a promising strategy for promoting collective EC migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Gorji
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Institut Curie, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pearlyn Jia Ying Toh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore
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Stubb A, Guzmán C, Närvä E, Aaron J, Chew TL, Saari M, Miihkinen M, Jacquemet G, Ivaska J. Superresolution architecture of cornerstone focal adhesions in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4756. [PMID: 31628312 PMCID: PMC6802214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is clear that key transcriptional programmes are important for maintaining pluripotency, the requirement for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix remains poorly defined. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) form colonies encircled by an actin ring and large stable cornerstone focal adhesions (FA). Using superresolution two-colour interferometric photo-activated localisation microscopy, we examine the three-dimensional architecture of cornerstone adhesions and report vertical lamination of FA proteins with three main structural features distinct from previously studied focal adhesions: 1) integrin β5 and talin are present at high density, at the edges of cornerstone FA, adjacent to a vertical kank-rich protein wall, 2) vinculin localises higher than previously reported, displaying a head-above-tail orientation, and 3) surprisingly, actin and α-actinin are present in two discrete z-layers. Finally, we report that depletion of kanks diminishes FA patterning, and actin organisation within the colony, indicating a role for kanks in hPSC colony architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Stubb
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Nanophotonics and Bioimaging Facility, INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisa Närvä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VI, 20147, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VI, 20147, USA
| | - Markku Saari
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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