1
|
Galenko EE, Novikov MS, Bunev AS, Khlebnikov AF. Acridine-Isoxazole and Acridine-Azirine Hybrids: Synthesis, Photochemical Transformations in the UV/Visible Radiation Boundary Region, and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:1538. [PMID: 38611817 PMCID: PMC11013717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Easy-to-handle N-hydroxyacridinecarbimidoyl chloride hydrochlorides were synthesized as convenient nitrile oxide precursors in the preparation of 3-(acridin-9/2-yl)isoxazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with terminal alkynes, 1,1-dichloroethene, and acrylonitrile. Azirines with an acridin-9/2-yl substituent attached directly or via the 1,2,3-triazole linker to the azirine C2 were also synthesized. The three-membered rings of the acridine-azirine hybrids were found to be resistant to irradiation in the UV/visible boundary region, despite their long-wave absorption at 320-420 nm, indicating that the acridine moiety cannot be used as an antenna to transfer light energy to generate nitrile ylides from azirines for photoclick cycloaddition. The acridine-isoxazole hybrids linked at the C9-C3 or C2-C3 atoms under blue light irradiation underwent the addition of such hydrogen donor solvents, such as, toluene, o-xylene, mesitylene, 4-chlorotoluene, THF, 1,4-dioxane, or methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), to the acridine system to give the corresponding 9-substituted acridanes in good yields. The synthesized acridine-azirine, acridine-isoxazole, and acridane-isoxazole hybrids exhibited cytotoxicity toward both all tested cancer cell lines (HCT 116, MCF7, and A704) and normal cells (WI-26 VA4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Alexander S. Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti 445020, Russia;
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu S, Sun Y, Pan Y, Chen X, Yu H, Han Y, Yan C, Shi Y, Hou H. Visible-Light-Mediated Radical Hydroalkylative Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16639-16643. [PMID: 37976542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A radical hydroalkylative cyclization approach accessing various alkenyl heterocyclic compounds was developed using dimethyl malonate and 1,6-enynes in the presence of visible-light photoredox catalysis. The use of Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2PF6 as a photosensitizer enables carbon atom radical formation and initiates the cascade cyclization reaction under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuejie Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Huaguang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamashita Y, Ogasawara Y, Banik T, Kobayashi S. Photoinduced Efficient Catalytic α-Alkylation Reactions of Active Methylene and Methine Compounds with Nonactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23160-23166. [PMID: 37846890 PMCID: PMC10603815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In catalytic α-alkylation reactions of carbonyl compounds, although SN2-type substitution reactions of enolates with alkyl halides are a conventional methodology, addition reactions with alkenes are more desirable because of their atom-economical character; however, reactions with nonactivated alkenes are challenging. Here, we developed highly efficient catalytic α-alkylation reactions of active methylene and methine compounds with nonactivated alkenes such as 1-decene using an organophotocatalyst and lithium thiophenoxide as a Lewis acid/Brønsted base/hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) multifunctional catalyst under blue-light irradiation. The reaction was also performed with a higher degree of efficiency under a continuous-flow system to obtain the products in multigram scales. The present reaction system enables highly efficient and practical α-alkylation reactions of active methylene and methine compounds to be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogasawara
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Trisha Banik
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou H, Pan Y, Sun Y, Han Y, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhu S. Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4-Hydroalkylation of 1,3-Enyne. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301633. [PMID: 37365999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed regioselective 1,4-hydroalkylation of 1,3-enynes. Various of di- and tri-substituent allenes were really accessible under the present reaction conditions. The visible-light photoredox activation of the carbon nucleophile to generate its radical species, allowing the addition with un-activated enynes. The synthetic utility for the present protocol was demonstrated by a large-scale reaction, as well as the derivatization of the allene product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yuejie Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sawano T, Ono M, Iwasa A, Hayase M, Funatsuki J, Sugiyama A, Ishikawa E, Yoshikawa T, Sakata K, Takeuchi R. Iridium-Catalyzed Branch-Selective Hydroalkylation of Simple Alkenes with Malonic Amides and Malonic Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1545-1559. [PMID: 36637330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the iridium-catalyzed branch-selective hydroalkylation of simple alkenes such as aliphatic alkenes and aromatic alkenes with malonic amides and malonic esters under neutral reaction conditions. A variety of aliphatic alkenes and aromatic alkenes bearing bromine, chlorine, ester, 2-thienylcarboxylate, silyl, and phthalimide groups were all found to be suitable for this hydroalkylation. The combination of this method with Krapcho dealkoxycarbonylation realized a one-pot synthesis of β-substituted amide and ester from β-amide ester and malonic ester. The hydroalkylated products derived from malonic amides are suitable for further transformation. The finely tuned reaction conditions realized the selective transformation of hydroalkylated products to 1,3-diamines or monoamides with the same reagent. Deuterium labeling experiments and measurement of the kinetic isotope effect indicated that the catalytic cycle involves a reversible step and cleavage of the C-H bond is not a rate-determining step. Density functional theory calculations provided insight into the reaction mechanism, where the carboiridation step is followed by C-H reductive elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawano
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Masaki Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ami Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Masaya Hayase
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Juri Funatsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katta N, Zhao QQ, Mandal T, Reiser O. Divergent and Synergistic Photocatalysis: Hydro- and Oxoalkylation of Vinyl Arenes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanols via a Formal [4+1]-Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14398-14407. [PMID: 36439036 PMCID: PMC9680001 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The controllable
divergent reactivity of 1,3-dicarbonyls is described,
which enables the efficient hydro- and oxoalkylation of vinyl arenes.
Both reaction pathways are initiated through the formation of polarity-reversed C-centered-radical intermediates at the active methylene
center of 1,3-dicarbonyls via direct photocatalytic C–H bond
transformations. The oxoalkylation of alkenes is achieved under aerobic
conditions via a Cu(II)-photomediated rebound mechanism, while
the corresponding hydroalkylation becomes possible under a nitrogen
atmosphere by the combination of 4CzIPN and a Brønsted base.
The breadth of these divergent protocols is demonstrated in the late-stage
modification of drugs and natural products and by the transformation
of the products to a variety of heterocycles such as pyridines, pyrroles,
or furans. Moreover, the two catalytic modes can be combined synergistically
for the stereoselective construction of cyclopentanol derivatives
in a formal [4+1]-annulation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narenderreddy Katta
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Quan-Qing Zhao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong Y, Dong MY, Li DS, Deng HP. Photoinduced Three-Component Carboarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Protic C(sp 3)-H Feedstocks. Org Lett 2022; 24:7677-7684. [PMID: 36214601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and mild strategy involving three-component carboarylation of unactivated alkenes with protic C(sp3)-H feedstocks via photoredox catalysis was reported. This catalytic system is compatible with a broad range of unactivated alkenes, cyano-substituted arenes, and diverse protic C(sp3)-H feedstocks. The synthetic value of this protocol was demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and the synthesis of the antiallergies including pheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong MY, Han CY, Li DS, Hong Y, Liu F, Deng HP. Hydrogen-Evolution Allylic C(sp 3)–H Alkylation with Protic C(sp 3)–H Bonds via Triplet Synergistic Brønsted Base/Cobalt/Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao XL, Chu XS, Luo KL, Li W. Host (CdS)-guest (single-atomic Au) electron transfer mechanism for blue-LED-induced atom transfer radical addition of alkenes. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dong X, Hao H, Zhang F, Lang X. Combining Brønsted base and photocatalysis into conjugated microporous polymers: Visible light-induced oxidation of thiols into disulfides with oxygen. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:1045-1053. [PMID: 35594638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous applications in visible light photocatalysis have been found over conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) whose function could be rationally designed at the molecular level. In this context, the oxidation of thiols into disulfides entails proton and electron transfer and thus requires both Brønsted base and photocatalysis, which could be both combined into CMPs. With carbazole as a Brønsted base and an electron donor, CMPs were constructed to implement the synergistic deprotonation and oxidation of thiols into disulfides in ethanol (C2H5OH). Gratifyingly, the bifunctional CMPs could activate molecular oxygen (O2) to superoxide anion (O2•-) and promote the blue light-induced selective oxidation of thiols into symmetrical disulfides with high efficiency in C2H5OH. More remarkably, the highly selective formation of unsymmetrical disulfides could also be achieved without adding a Brønsted base. This work highlights the feasibility of combining cooperative photocatalysis into CMPs for versatile chemical transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huimin Hao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fulin Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Q, Gao G, Fan H, Zheng J, Ma L, Ding Y, Fang Y, Duan R, Cao X, Guo Y, Ma D, Hu X. Synergy of Oxygen Vacancies and Acid Sites on N-Doped WO 3 Nanobelts for Efficient C-C Coupling Synthesis of Benzoin Isopropyl Ether. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4725-4738. [PMID: 35038859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface property of a photocatalyst, including surface acid sites and oxygen vacancies, plays a pivotal role in photocatalytic organic synthesis reactions. Benzoin isopropyl ether (BIE) is usually produced via polycondensation of benzaldehyde and catalyzed with highly toxic cyanide. Here, we report a green photocatalytic approach for the selective synthesis of BIE over WO3 driven by a green-light-emitting diode. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the synergy of oxygen vacancies (VOs) and acid sites over N-doped WO3 nanobelts. The results revealed that reactant molecules were predominantly adsorbed and activated on surface oxygen vacancies (VOSs) and the Brønsted acid promoted the etherification reaction; the introduction of VOs and nitrogen altered the band structure and electronic properties, resulting in improved photocatalytic activity. Our work provides an efficient approach to the selective photocatalytic synthesis of organics over photocatalysts with finely tuned surface properties and band structures via defect and doping engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Guoming Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Huailin Fan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yanyu Ding
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Nanxinzhuang West Road 336, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang T, Wang K, Ke Y, Tang Y, Liu L, Huang T, Li C, Tang Z, Chen T. Transition-metal-free and base promoted C-C bond formation via C-N bond cleavage of organoammonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8237-8240. [PMID: 34492680 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free and base promoted C-C bond forming reaction of benzyl C(sp3)-H bond with organoammonium salts via C-N bond cleavage has been reported. Benzyl ammonium salts as well as cinnamyl ammonium salt could couple readily with various benzyl C(sp3)-H species, producing the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Late stage chemical manipulation enabled the specific 1,2-diarylethane structure of products transformed into useful olefin compounds via dehydrogenation, which further demonstrated the utility of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Kunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yuting Ke
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Budnikov AS, Krylov IB, Lastovko AV, Paveliev SA, Romanenko AR, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Stable and reactive diacetyliminoxyl radical in oxidative C-O coupling with β-dicarbonyl compounds and their complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7581-7586. [PMID: 34524335 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As a rule, reactive free radicals used in organic synthesis are too labile to be isolated, whereas persistent radicals are inert and find limited synthetic application. In the present study, the unusually stable diacetyliminoxyl radical was presented as a "golden mean" between transient and stable unreactive radicals. It was successfully employed as a reagent for oxidative C-O coupling with β-dicarbonyl compounds. Using this model radical the catalytic activity of acids, bases and transition metal ions in free-radical coupling was revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation. .,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Lastovko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation. .,M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander R Romanenko
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation. .,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tlili A, Lakhdar S. Acridinium Salts and Cyanoarenes as Powerful Photocatalysts: Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CNRS CPE-Lyon INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS/Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée LHFA UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tlili A, Lakhdar S. Acridinium Salts and Cyanoarenes as Powerful Photocatalysts: Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19526-19549. [PMID: 33881207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of organic photocatalysts has revolutionized the field of photoredox catalysis, as it allows access to reactivities that were traditionally restricted to transition-metal photocatalysts. This Minireview reports recent developments in the use of acridinium ions and cyanoarene derivatives in organic synthesis. The activation of inert chemical bonds as well as the late-stage functionalization of biorelevant molecules are discussed, with a special focus on their mechanistic aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lei G, Xu M, Chang R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins via Visible-Light-Driven Dual Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11251-11261. [PMID: 34269582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical hydroalkylation of olefins enabled by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis represents a straightforward means to access C(sp3)-rich molecules from abundant feedstock chemicals without the need for prefunctionalization. While Giese-type hydroalkylation of activated olefins initiated by HAT of hydridic carbon-hydrogen bonds is well-precedented, hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins in a similar fashion remains elusive, primarily owing to a lack of general methods to overcome the inherent polarity-mismatch in this scenario. Here, we report the use of visible-light-driven dual HAT catalysis to achieve this goal, where catalytic amounts of an amine-borane and an in situ generated thiol were utilized as the hydrogen atom abstractor and donor, respectively. The reaction is completely atom-economical and exhibits a broad scope. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism and suggest that hydrogen-bonding between the amine-borane and substrates is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yi MJ, Zhang HX, Xiao TF, Zhang JH, Feng ZT, Wei LP, Xu GQ, Xu PF. Photoinduced Metal-Free α-C(sp3)–H Carbamoylation of Saturated Aza-Heterocycles via Rationally Designed Organic Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Li-Pu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bryden MA, Zysman-Colman E. Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds used in photocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7587-7680. [PMID: 34002736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds that show Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) have become wildly popular as next-generation emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Since 2016, a subset of these have found increasing use as photocatalysts. This review comprehensively highlights their potential by documenting the diversity of the reactions where an organic TADF photocatalyst can be used in lieu of a noble metal complex photocatalyst. Beyond the small number of TADF photocatalysts that have been used to date, the analysis conducted within this review reveals the wider potential of organic donor-acceptor TADF compounds as photocatalysts. A discussion of the benefits of compounds showing TADF for photocatalysis is presented, which paints a picture of a very promising future for organic photocatalyst development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Amy Bryden
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| |
Collapse
|