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Oguz IC, Jaouen F, Mineva T. Exploring Spin Distribution and Electronic Properties in FeN 4-Graphene Catalysts with Edge Terminations. Molecules 2024; 29:479. [PMID: 38257393 PMCID: PMC11154451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spin distribution in FeN4-doped graphene nanoribbons with zigzag and armchair terminations is crucial for tuning the electronic properties of graphene-supported non-platinum catalysts. Since the spin-polarized carbon and iron electronic states may act together to change the electronic properties of the doped graphene, we provide in this work a systematic evaluation using a periodic density-functional theory-based method of the variation of spin-moment distribution and electronic properties with the position and orientation of the FeN4 defects, and the edge terminations of the graphene nanoribbons. Antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin ordering of the zigzag edges were considered. We reveal that the electronic structures in both zigzag and armchair geometries are very sensitive to the location of FeN4 defects, changing from semi-conducting (in-plane defect location) to half-metallic (at-edge defect location). The introduction of FeN4 defects at edge positions cancels the known dependence of the magnetic and electronic proper-ties of undoped graphene nanoribbons on their edge geometries. The implications of the reported results for catalysis are also discussed in view of the presented electronic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tzonka Mineva
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (I.C.O.); (F.J.)
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2
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Yin S, Yan YN, Chen L, Cheng N, Cheng X, Huang R, Huang H, Zhang B, Jiang YX, Sun SG. FeN 4 Active Sites Electronically Coupled with PtFe Alloys for Ultralow Pt Loading Hybrid Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:551-559. [PMID: 38112383 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The exorbitant cost of Pt-based electrocatalysts and the poor durability of non-noble metal electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells limited their practical application. Here, FeN4 active sites electronically coupled with PtFe alloys (PtFe-FeNC) were successfully prepared by a vapor deposition strategy as an ultralow Pt loading (0.64 wt %) hybrid electrocatalyst. The FeN4 sites on the FeNC matrix are able to effectively anchor the PtFe alloys, thus inhibiting their aggregation during long-life cycling. These PtFe alloys, in turn, can efficiently restrain the leaching of the FeN4 sites from the FeNC matrix. Thus, the PtFe-FeNC demonstrated an improved Pt mass activity of 2.33 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 V toward oxygen reduction reaction, which is 12.9 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.18 A mgPt-1). It demonstrated great stability, with the Pt mass activity decreasing by only 9.4% after 70,000 cycles. Importantly, the fuel cell with an ultralow Pt loading in the cathode (0.012 mgPt cm-2) displays a high Pt mass activity of 1.75 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 ViR-free, which is significantly better than commercial MEA (0.25 A mgPt-1). Interestingly, PtFe-FeNC catalysts possess enhanced durability, exhibiting a 12.5% decrease in peak power density compared to the 51.7% decrease of FeNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ningyan Cheng
- Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Binwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Center of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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3
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Bates JS, Martinez JJ, Hall MN, Al-Omari AA, Murphy E, Zeng Y, Luo F, Primbs M, Menga D, Bibent N, Sougrati MT, Wagner FE, Atanassov P, Wu G, Strasser P, Fellinger TP, Jaouen F, Root TW, Stahl SS. Chemical Kinetic Method for Active-Site Quantification in Fe-N-C Catalysts and Correlation with Molecular Probe and Spectroscopic Site-Counting Methods. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26222-26237. [PMID: 37983387 PMCID: PMC10782517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear Fe ions ligated by nitrogen (FeNx) dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-N-C) serve as active centers for electrocatalytic O2 reduction and thermocatalytic aerobic oxidations. Despite their promise as replacements for precious metals in a variety of practical applications, such as fuel cells, the discovery of new Fe-N-C catalysts has relied primarily on empirical approaches. In this context, the development of quantitative structure-reactivity relationships and benchmarking of catalysts prepared by different synthetic routes and by different laboratories would be facilitated by the broader adoption of methods to quantify atomically dispersed FeNx active centers. In this study, we develop a kinetic probe reaction method that uses the aerobic oxidation of a model hydroquinone substrate to quantify the density of FeNx centers in Fe-N-C catalysts. The kinetic method is compared with low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, CO pulse chemisorption, and electrochemical reductive stripping of NO derived from NO2- on a suite of Fe-N-C catalysts prepared by diverse routes and featuring either the exclusive presence of Fe as FeNx sites or the coexistence of aggregated Fe species in addition to FeNx. The FeNx site densities derived from the kinetic method correlate well with those obtained from CO pulse chemisorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The broad survey of Fe-N-C materials also reveals the presence of outliers and challenges associated with each site quantification approach. The kinetic method developed here does not require pretreatments that may alter active-site distributions or specialized equipment beyond reaction vessels and standard analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jesse J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Melissa N. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abdulhadi A. Al-Omari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Eamonn Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Yachao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Fang Luo
- The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Primbs
- The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Menga
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bibent
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Friedrich E. Wagner
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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4
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Morankar A, Deshpande S, Zeng Z, Atanassov P, Greeley J. A first principles analysis of potential-dependent structural evolution of active sites in Fe-N-C catalysts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308458120. [PMID: 38019861 PMCID: PMC10710049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308458120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-N-C (iron-nitrogen-carbon) electrocatalysts have emerged as potential alternatives to precious metal-based materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the structure of these materials under electrochemical conditions is not well understood, and their poor stability in acidic environments poses a formidable challenge for successful adoption in commercial fuel cells. To provide molecular-level insights into these complex phenomena, we combine periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, exhaustive treatment of coadsorption effects for ORR reaction intermediates, including O and OH, and comprehensive analysis of solvation stabilization effects to construct voltage-dependent ab initio thermodynamic phase diagrams that describe the in situ structure of the active sites. These structures are further linked to activity and stability descriptors that can be compared with experimental parameters such as the half-wave potential for ORR and the onset potential for carbon corrosion and CO2 evolution. The results indicate that pyridinic Fe sites at zigzag carbon edges, as well as other edge sites, exhibit high activity for ORR compared to sites in the bulk. However, edges neighboring the active sites are prone to instability via overoxidation and consequent site loss. The results suggest that it could be beneficial to synthesize Fe-N-C catalysts with small sizes and large perimeter edge lengths to enhance ORR activity, while voltage fluctuations should be limited during fuel cell operation to prevent carbon corrosion of overoxidized edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Morankar
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Siddharth Deshpande
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA92617
| | - Jeffrey Greeley
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
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5
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Menga D, Wagner FE, Fellinger TP. Life cycle of single atom catalysts: a Mössbauer study on degradation and reactivation of tetrapyrrolic Fe-N-C powders. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5577-5583. [PMID: 37789691 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of a single-site atomically dispersed, model Fe-N-C powder catalyst with high activity is investigated using cryo-Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicate a degradation initiated by an Fe2+ to Fe3+ oxidation due to coordination of oxygen to tetrapyrrolic Fe-N4 sites at atmospheric conditions (change between characteristic doublets) before iron(III) oxide is formed (sextet). Thermal reactivation can be used to restore substantial catalytic activity of aged Fe-N-C powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Menga
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich E Wagner
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- Division 3.6 Electrochemical Energy Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Rahimi S, Stievano L, Dubau L, Iojoiu C, Lecarme L, Alloin F. Single-Atomic Dispersion of Fe and Co Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44932-44941. [PMID: 37703525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High theoretical energy density and low cost make lithium-sulfur (LSB) batteries a promising system for next-generation energy storage. LSB performance largely depends on efficient reversible conversion of elemental sulfur to Li2S. Here, well-designed sulfur host materials including Fe or Co single atoms embedded on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (MNC/G with M = Fe or Co) are proposed to tackle the LSB challenges and enhance the electrochemical performance. Using a combination of Mössbauer spectroscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, the atomic dispersion of Co and Fe was revealed up to relatively high mass loadings. After optimization of the electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, FeNC/G shows the most promising cycle performance combining a constant high discharge capacity at low E/S values with the lowest polarization. In particular, the material FeNC/G@S with a high sulfur loading (9.4 mg cm-2) delivers a high area capacity of 7.7 mAh cm-2 under lean electrolyte conditions (6 mL g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rahimi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lorenzo Stievano
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, FR3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, FR3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Lauréline Lecarme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fannie Alloin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, FR3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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7
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Parida SK, Barik T, Chalke BA, Amirthapandian S, Jena H. Highly Porous Polypyrrole (PPy) Hydrogel Support for the Design of a Co-N-C Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37571-37579. [PMID: 37498826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts have emerged as one of the most promising platinum-group metal (PGM)-free cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Among the various approaches to enhance the ORR performance of the catalysts, increasing the density of accessible active sites is of paramount importance. Thus, nitrogen-rich support with abundant porosity can be very propitious. Herein, we report a highly porous polypyrrole (PPy) hydrogel as a versatile support for the facile design of a Co-N-C electrocatalyst for ORR. The resulting Co-N-C catalyst with abundant micro- and mesoporous combinations demonstrates a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.825 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in O2-saturated 0.1M KOH with just 2.1 wt % Co content. The ORR performance reduces only 11 mV (E1/2) after 5000 cycles of accelerated durability test (ADT), portraying its excellent stability. The catalyst retains ≈83% of its original current during a short-term durability test at 0.8 V vs RHE for 25 h. Furthermore, the catalyst shows electron transfer approaching ≈4 with low H2O2 yield in the potential range 0.5-0.9 V vs RHE. This work provides a simple design strategy to synthesize M-N-C catalysts with increased accessible active site density and enhanced mass transport for ORR and other electrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Kumar Parida
- Materials Chemistry Division, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, IGCAR, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - Tulasi Barik
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh 517325, India
| | - Bhagyashree A Chalke
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, TIFR, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | - Hrudananda Jena
- Materials Chemistry Division, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, IGCAR, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, India
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8
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Kumar K, Dubau L, Jaouen F, Maillard F. Review on the Degradation Mechanisms of Metal-N-C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Electrolyte: Current Understanding and Mitigation Approaches. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9265-9326. [PMID: 37432676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
One bottleneck hampering the widespread use of fuel cell vehicles, in particular of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), is the high cost of the cathode where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs, due to the current need of precious metals to catalyze this reaction. Electrochemists tackle this issue in the short/medium term by developing catalysts with improved utilization or efficiency of platinum, and in the longer term, by developing catalysts based on Earth-abundant elements. Considerable progress has been achieved in the initial performance of Metal-nitrogen-carbon (Metal-N-C) catalysts for the ORR, especially with Fe-N-C materials. However, until now, this high performance cannot be maintained for a sufficiently long time in an operating PEMFC. The identification and mitigation of the degradation mechanisms of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts in the acidic environment of PEMFCs has therefore become an important research topic. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts, including the recently identified importance of combined oxygen and electrochemical potential. Results obtained in a liquid electrolyte and a PEMFC device are discussed, as well as insights gained from in situ and operando techniques. We also review the mitigation approaches that the scientific community has hitherto investigated to overcome the durability issues of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Murphy E, Liu Y, Matanovic I, Rüscher M, Huang Y, Ly A, Guo S, Zang W, Yan X, Martini A, Timoshenko J, Cuenya BR, Zenyuk IV, Pan X, Spoerke ED, Atanassov P. Elucidating electrochemical nitrate and nitrite reduction over atomically-dispersed transition metal sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4554. [PMID: 37507382 PMCID: PMC10382506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of waste nitrates (NO3-) enables the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) in a carbon neutral and decentralized manner. Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts demonstrate a high catalytic activity and uniquely favor mono-nitrogen products. However, the reaction fundamentals remain largely underexplored. Herein, we report a set of 14; 3d-, 4d-, 5d- and f-block M-N-C catalysts. The selectivity and activity of NO3- reduction to NH3 in neutral media, with a specific focus on deciphering the role of the NO2- intermediate in the reaction cascade, reveals strong correlations (R=0.9) between the NO2- reduction activity and NO3- reduction selectivity for NH3. Moreover, theoretical computations reveal the associative/dissociative adsorption pathways for NO2- evolution, over the normal M-N4 sites and their oxo-form (O-M-N4) for oxyphilic metals. This work provides a platform for designing multi-element NO3RR cascades with single-atom sites or their hybridization with extended catalytic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ivana Matanovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Martina Rüscher
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alvin Ly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Shengyuan Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Wenjie Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andrea Martini
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Iryna V Zenyuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Erik D Spoerke
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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10
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Luo F, Roy A, Sougrati MT, Khan A, Cullen DA, Wang X, Primbs M, Zitolo A, Jaouen F, Strasser P. Structural and Reactivity Effects of Secondary Metal Doping into Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Electroreduction. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37379566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
While improved activity was recently reported for bimetallic iron-metal-nitrogen-carbon (FeMNC) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid medium, the nature of active sites and interactions between the two metals are poorly understood. Here, FeSnNC and FeCoNC catalysts were structurally and catalytically compared to their parent FeNC and SnNC catalysts. While CO cryo-chemisorption revealed a twice lower site density of M-Nx sites for FeSnNC and FeCoNC relative to FeNC and SnNC, the mass activity of both bimetallic catalysts is 50-100% higher than that of FeNC due to a larger turnover frequency in the bimetallic catalysts. Electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy identified the coexistence of Fe-Nx and Sn-Nx or Co-Nx sites, while no evidence was found for binuclear Fe-M-Nx sites. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the bimetallic catalysts feature a higher D1/D2 ratio of the spectral signatures assigned to two distinct Fe-Nx sites, relative to the FeNC parent catalyst. Thus, the addition of the secondary metal favored the formation of D1 sites, associated with the higher turnover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aaron Roy
- CNRS, ENSCM, ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anastassiya Khan
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xingli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Primbs
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Zitolo
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- CNRS, ENSCM, ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Bates JS, Johnson MR, Khamespanah F, Root TW, Stahl SS. Heterogeneous M-N-C Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions: Lessons from Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6233-6256. [PMID: 36198176 PMCID: PMC10073352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonprecious metal heterogeneous catalysts composed of first-row transition metals incorporated into nitrogen-doped carbon matrices (M-N-Cs) have been studied for decades as leading alternatives to Pt for the electrocatalytic O2 reduction reaction (ORR). More recently, similar M-N-C catalysts have been shown to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of organic molecules. This Focus Review highlights mechanistic similarities and distinctions between these two reaction classes and then surveys the aerobic oxidation reactions catalyzed by M-N-Cs. As the active-site structures and kinetic properties of M-N-C aerobic oxidation catalysts have not been extensively studied, the array of tools and methods used to characterize ORR catalysts are presented with the goal of supporting further advances in the field of aerobic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mathew R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khamespanah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Barrio J, Pedersen A, Sarma SC, Bagger A, Gong M, Favero S, Zhao CX, Garcia-Serres R, Li AY, Zhang Q, Jaouen F, Maillard F, Kucernak A, Stephens IEL, Titirici MM. FeNC Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst with High Utilization Penta-Coordinated Sites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211022. [PMID: 36739474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomic Fe in N-doped carbon (FeNC) electrocatalysts for oxygen (O2 ) reduction at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the most promising alternative to platinum-group-metal catalysts. Despite recent progress on atomic FeNC O2 reduction, their controlled synthesis and stability for practical applications remain challenging. A two-step synthesis approach has recently led to significant advances in terms of Fe-loading and mass activity; however, the Fe utilization remains low owing to the difficulty of building scaffolds with sufficient porosity that electrochemically exposes the active sites. Herein, this issue is addressed by coordinating Fe in a highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon support (≈3295 m2 g-1 ), prepared by pyrolysis of inexpensive 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a Mg2+ salt active site template and porogen. Upon Fe coordination, a high electrochemical active site density of 2.54 × 1019 sites gFeNC -1 and a record 52% FeNx electrochemical utilization based on in situ nitrite stripping are achieved. The Fe single atoms are characterized pre- and post-electrochemical accelerated stress testing by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, showing no Fe clustering. Moreover, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy suggest the presence of penta-coordinated Fe sites, which are further studied by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Barrio
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saurav Ch Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mengjun Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Silvia Favero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chang-Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ricardo Garcia-Serres
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 Rue Des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Alain Y Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Physico-Chemistry of Materials and Interfaces (LEPMI), CNRS, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Grenoble-INP, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Anthony Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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13
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Dai Y, Liu B, Zhang Z, Guo P, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang Z. Tailoring the d-Orbital Splitting Manner of Single Atomic Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210757. [PMID: 36773335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the electronic states of single atomic sites around the Fermi level remains a major concern for boosting the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a Fe d-orbital splitting manner modulation strategy by constructing axial coordination on FeN4 sites is presented. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that the axial tractions induce the distortion of square-planar field (FeN4 SP), up to the quasi-octahedral coordination (FeN4 O1 OCquasi ), thus leading to the electron rearrangement with a diluted spin polarization. The declined population of unpaired electrons in dz 2 , dx z and dyz states engenders a moderate adsorption of ORR intermediates, thereby reinforcing the intrinsic reaction activity. In situ infrared spectroscopy further demonstrates that the reordering of d-orbital splitting and occupation facilitates the desorption of *OH. The FeN4 O1 OCquasi exhibits a dramatic improvement of kinetic current density and turnover frequency, which are fivefold and tenfold higher than those of FeN4 SP. This work presents a novel understanding on improving the electrocatalytic performance through the orbital-scale manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Dai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pan Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, P. R. China
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14
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Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Heppe N, Gallenkamp C, Paul S, Segura-Salas N, von Rhein N, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W, Jafari A, Sergueev I, Krewald V, Kramm UI. Substituent Effects in Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202465. [PMID: 36301727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For a future hydrogen economy, non-precious metal catalysts for the water splitting reactions are needed that can be implemented on a global scale. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts with active sites constituting a metal center with fourfold coordination of nitrogen (MN4 ) show promising performance, but an optimization rooted in structure-property relationships has been hampered by their low structural definition. Porphyrin model complexes are studied to transfer insights from well-defined molecules to MNC systems. This work combines experiment and theory to evaluate the influence of porphyrin substituents on the electronic and electrocatalytic properties of MN4 centers with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte. We found that the choice of substituent affects their utilization on the carbon support and their electrocatalytic performance. We propose an HER mechanism for supported iron porphyrin complexes involving a [FeII (P⋅)]- radical anion intermediate, in which a porphinic nitrogen atom acts as an internal base. While this work focuses on the HER, the limited influence of a simultaneous interaction with the support and an aqueous electrolyte will likely be transferrable to other catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heppe
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gallenkamp
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephen Paul
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicole Segura-Salas
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niklas von Rhein
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Atefeh Jafari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergueev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Kramm
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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16
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Álvarez-Manuel L, Alegre C, Sebastián D, Eizaguerri A, Napal PF, Lázaro MJ. N-doped carbon xerogels from urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde as carbon matrix for Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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17
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Xia D, Tang X, Dai S, Ge R, Rykov A, Wang J, Huang TH, Wang KW, Wei Y, Zhang K, Li J, Gan L, Kang F. Ultrastable Fe-N-C Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts by Eliminating Non-Coordinating Nitrogen and Regulating Coordination Structures at High Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204474. [PMID: 36398715 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolyzed Fe-N-C materials have attracted considerable interest as one of the most active noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Despite significant progress is made in improving their catalytic activity during past decades, the Fe-N-C catalysts still suffer from fairly poor electrochemical and storage stability, which greatly hurdles their practical application. Here, an effective strategy is developed to greatly improve their catalytic stability in PEMFCs and storage stability by virtue of previously unexplored high-temperature synthetic chemistry between 1100 and 1200 °C. Pyrolysis at this rarely adopted temperature range not only enables the elimination of less active nitrogen-doped carbon sites that generate detrimental peroxide byproduct but also regulates the coordination structure of Fe-N-C from less stable D1 (O-FeN4 C12 ) to a more stable D2 structure (FeN4 C10 ). The optimized Fe-N-C catalyst exhibits excellent stability in PEMFCs (>80% performance retention after 30 h under H2 /O2 condition) and no activity loss after 35 day storage while maintaining a competitive ORR activity and PEMFC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xia
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Rile Ge
- Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Mössbauer Effect Data Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Rykov
- Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Mössbauer Effect Data Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Wang
- Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Mössbauer Effect Data Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tzu-Hsi Huang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Yinping Wei
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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18
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Liu T, Wang Y, Li Y. How pH Affects the Oxygen Reduction Reactivity of Fe–N–C Materials. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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19
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Ge H, Bibent N, Teixeira Santos K, Kumar K, Jaxel J, Sougrati MT, Zitolo A, Dupont M, Lecoeur F, Mermoux M, Martin V, Dubau L, Jaouen F, Maillard F, Berthon-Fabry S. Modulating the Fe–N 4 Active Site Content by Nitrogen Source in Fe–N–C Aerogel Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Ge
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University PERSEE─Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Bibent
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293Montpellier, France
| | - Keyla Teixeira Santos
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Jaxel
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University PERSEE─Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | | | - Andrea Zitolo
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint Aubin, 91192Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Dupont
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lecoeur
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Mermoux
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- LEPMI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Berthon-Fabry
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University PERSEE─Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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20
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Zhao J, Lian J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Zhang J. A Review of In-Situ Techniques for Probing Active Sites and Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:19. [PMID: 36580130 PMCID: PMC9800687 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-O2/air batteries, etc. However, the essential catalysts to overcome its slow reaction kinetic always undergo a complex dynamic evolution in the actual catalytic process, and the concomitant intermediates and catalytic products also occur continuous conversion and reconstruction. This makes them difficult to be accurately captured, making the identification of ORR active sites and the elucidation of ORR mechanisms difficult. Thus, it is necessary to use extensive in-situ characterization techniques to proceed the real-time monitoring of the catalyst structure and the evolution state of intermediates and products during ORR. This work reviews the major advances in the use of various in-situ techniques to characterize the catalytic processes of various catalysts. Specifically, the catalyst structure evolutions revealed directly by in-situ techniques are systematically summarized, such as phase, valence, electronic transfer, coordination, and spin states varies. In-situ revelation of intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior, and the real-time monitoring of the product nucleation, growth, and reconstruction evolution are equally emphasized in the discussion. Other interference factors, as well as in-situ signal assignment with the aid of theoretical calculations, are also covered. Finally, some major challenges and prospects of in-situ techniques for future catalysts research in the ORR process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hutchison P, Warburton RE, Surendranath Y, Hammes-Schiffer S. Correlation between Electronic Descriptor and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Thermodynamics in Doped Graphite-Conjugated Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11216-11222. [PMID: 36445816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphite-conjugated catalysts (GCCs) provide a powerful framework for investigating correlations between electronic structure features and chemical reactivity of single-site heterogeneous catalysts. GCC-phenazine undergoes proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involving protonation of phenazine at its two nitrogen atoms with the addition of two electrons. Herein, this PCET reaction is investigated in the presence of defects, such as heteroatom dopants, in the graphitic surface. The proton-coupled redox potentials, EPCET, are computed using a constant potential periodic density functional theory (DFT) strategy. The electronic states directly involved in PCET for GCC-phenazine exhibit the same nitrogen orbital character as those for molecular phenazine. The energy εLUS of this phenazine-related lowest unoccupied electronic state in GCC-phenazine is identified as a descriptor for changes in PCET thermodynamics. Importantly, εLUS is obtained from only a single DFT calculation but can predict EPCET, which requires many such calculations. Similar electronic features may be useful descriptors for thermodynamic properties of other single-site catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillips Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert E Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Zhang X, Truong-Phuoc L, Asset T, Pronkin S, Pham-Huu C. Are Fe–N–C Electrocatalysts an Alternative to Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for the Next Generation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells? ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Lai Truong-Phuoc
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Tristan Asset
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Sergey Pronkin
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex
02, France
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23
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Bates JS, Khamespanah F, Cullen DA, Al-Omari AA, Hopkins MN, Martinez JJ, Root TW, Stahl SS. Molecular Catalyst Synthesis Strategies to Prepare Atomically Dispersed Fe-N-C Heterogeneous Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18797-18802. [PMID: 36215721 PMCID: PMC9888425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategy to integrate atomically dispersed iron within a heterogeneous nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) support, inspired by routes for metalation of molecular macrocyclic iron complexes. The N-C support, derived from pyrolysis of a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework, is metalated via solution-phase reaction with FeCl2 and tributyl amine, as a Brønsted base, at 150 °C. Fe active sites are characterized by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The site density can be increased by selective removal of Zn2+ ions from the N-C support prior to metalation, resembling the transmetalation strategy commonly employed for the preparation of molecular Fe-macrocycles. The utility of this approach is validated by the higher catalytic rates (per total Fe) of these materials relative to established Fe-N-C catalysts, benchmarked using an aerobic oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khamespanah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A. Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Abdulhadi A. Al-Omari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa N. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jesse J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Corresponding Authors
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24
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Wei X, Song S, Cai W, Luo X, Jiao L, Fang Q, Wang X, Wu N, Luo Z, Wang H, Zhu Z, Li J, Zheng L, Gu W, Song W, Guo S, Zhu C. Tuning the spin-state of Fe single atoms by Pd nanoclusters enables robust oxygen reduction with dissociative pathway. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Juvanen S, Sarapuu A, Mooste M, Käärik M, Mäeorg U, Kikas A, Kisand V, Kozlova J, Treshchalov A, Aruväli J, Leis J, Tamm A, Tammeveski K. Electroreduction of oxygen on iron- and cobalt-containing nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts prepared from the rapeseed press cake. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Ni L, Gallenkamp C, Wagner S, Bill E, Krewald V, Kramm UI. Identification of the Catalytically Dominant Iron Environment in Iron- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16827-16840. [PMID: 36036727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For large-scale utilization of fuel cells in a future hydrogen-based energy economy, affordable and environmentally benign catalysts are needed. Pyrolytically obtained metal- and nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) catalysts are key contenders for this task. Their systematic improvement requires detailed knowledge of the active site composition and degradation mechanisms. In FeNC catalysts, the active site is an iron ion coordinated by nitrogen atoms embedded in an extended graphene sheet. Herein, we build an active site model from in situ and operando 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. A Mössbauer signal newly emerging under operando conditions, D4, is correlated with the loss of other Mössbauer signatures (D2, D3a, D3b), implying a direct structural correspondence. Pyrrolic N-coordination, i.e., FeN4C12, is found as a spectroscopically and thermodynamically consistent model for the entire catalytic cycle, in contrast to pyridinic nitrogen coordination. These findings thus overcome the previously conflicting structural assignments for the active site and, moreover, identify and structurally assign a previously unknown intermediate in the oxygen reduction reaction at FeNC catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Catalysts and Electrocatalysts Group, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gallenkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Catalysts and Electrocatalysts Group, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Catalysts and Electrocatalysts Group, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Kramm
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Catalysts and Electrocatalysts Group, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Graduate School of Excellence Energy Science and Engineering, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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27
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Snitkoff-Sol RZ, Elbaz L. Assessing and measuring the active site density of PGM-free ORR catalysts. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Nandy A, Adamji H, Kastner DW, Vennelakanti V, Nazemi A, Liu M, Kulik HJ. Using Computational Chemistry To Reveal Nature’s Blueprints for Single-Site Catalysis of C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Husain Adamji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David W. Kastner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Azadeh Nazemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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He T, Chen Y, Liu Q, Lu B, Song X, Liu H, Liu M, Liu YN, Zhang Y, Ouyang X, Chen S. Theory-Guided Regulation of FeN 4 Spin State by Neighboring Cu Atoms for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Flexible Metal-Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201007. [PMID: 35468253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron, nitrogen-codoped carbon (Fe-N-C) nanocomposites have emerged as viable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the formation of FeNx Cy coordination moieties. In this study, results from first-principles calculations show a nearly linear correlation of the energy barriers of key reaction steps with the Fe magnetic moment. Experimentally, when single Cu sites are incorporated into Fe-N-C aerogels (denoted as NCAG/Fe-Cu), the Fe centers exhibit a reduced magnetic moment and markedly enhanced ORR activity within a wide pH range of 0-14. With the NCAG/Fe-Cu nanocomposites used as the cathode catalyst in a neutral/quasi-solid aluminum-air and alkaline/quasi-solid zinc-air battery, both achieve a remarkable performance with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of 2.00 and 1.51 V, large power density of 130 and 186 mW cm-2 , and good mechanical flexibility, all markedly better than those with commercial Pt/C or Pt/C-RuO2 catalysts at the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University Yuhu District, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Xianwen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.,Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University Yuhu District, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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30
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Wei J, Xia D, Wei Y, Zhu X, Li J, Gan L. Probing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Intermediates and Dynamic Active Site Structures of Molecular and Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C Electrocatalysts by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yinping Wei
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xuya Zhu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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31
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Nematollahi P, Barbiellini B, Bansil A, Lamoen D, Qingying J, Mukerjee S, Neyts EC. Identification of a Robust and Durable FeN 4C x Catalyst for ORR in PEM Fuel Cells and the Role of the Fifth Ligand. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Nematollahi
- Research Group PLASMANT, NANO Lab Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Barbiellini
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dirk Lamoen
- EMAT & NanoLab Center of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
| | - Jia Qingying
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erik C. Neyts
- Research Group PLASMANT, NANO Lab Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
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32
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Cobalt-Containing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials Derived from Saccharides as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the commercialisation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In this work, cobalt-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials were prepared by a pyrolysis of mixtures of saccharides, cobalt nitrate and dicyandiamide, which acts as a precursor for reactive carbon nitride template and a nitrogen source. The rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments in 0.1 M KOH solution showed that the glucose-derived material with optimised cobalt content had excellent ORR activity, which was comparable to that of 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst. In addition, the catalyst exhibited high tolerance to methanol, good stability in short-time potential cycling test and low peroxide yield. The materials derived from xylan, xylose and cyclodextrin displayed similar activities, indicating that various saccharides can be used as inexpensive and sustainable precursors to synthesise active catalyst materials for anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
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33
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Zhao X, Levell ZH, Yu S, Liu Y. Atomistic Understanding of Two-dimensional Electrocatalysts from First Principles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10675-10709. [PMID: 35561417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electrocatalysts have attracted great interest in recent years for renewable energy applications. However, the atomistic mechanisms are still under debate. Here we review the first-principles studies of the atomistic mechanisms of common 2D electrocatalysts. We first introduce the first-principles models for studying heterogeneous electrocatalysis then discuss the common 2D electrocatalysts with a focus on N doped graphene, single metal atoms in graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides. The reactions include hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the future directions to improve the fundamental understanding of the 2D electrocatalyst at atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhua Zhao
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary H Levell
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Saerom Yu
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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34
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He T, Chen Y, Liu Q, Lu B, Song X, Liu H, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang X, Chen S. Theory‐Guided Regulation of FeN
4
Spin State by Neighboring Cu Atoms for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Flexible Metal–Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Yuhu District Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Yang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Xianwen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - You‐Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan South Road Changsha Hunan 410083 China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Yuhu District Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
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35
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Shah SSA, Najam T, Bashir MS, Javed MS, Rahman AU, Luque R, Bao SJ. Identification of Catalytic Active Sites for Durable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: Catalytic Degradation and Poisoning Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106279. [PMID: 35338585 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in synthetic strategies, analysis techniques, and computational modeling assist researchers to develop more active catalysts including metallic clusters to single-atom active sites (SACs). Metal coordinated N-doped carbons (M-N-C) are the most auspicious, with a large number of atomic sites, markedly performing for a series of electrochemical reactions. This perspective sums up the latest innovative and computational comprehension, while giving credit to earlier/pioneering work in carbonaceous assembly materials towards robust electrocatalytic activity for proton exchange membrane fuel cells via inclusive performance assessment of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). M-Nx -Cy are exclusively defined active sites for ORR, so there is a unique possibility to intellectually design the relatively new catalysts with much improved activity, selectivity, and durability. Moreover, some SACs structures provide better performance in fuel cells testing with long-term durability. The efforts to understand the connection in SACs based M-Nx -Cy moieties and how these relate to catalytic ORR performance are also conveyed. Owing to comprehensive practical application in the field, this study has covered very encouraging aspects to the current durability status of M-N-C based catalysts for fuel cells followed by degradation mechanisms such as macro-, microdegradation, catalytic poisoning, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tayyaba Najam
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Aziz-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km 396, Cordoba, E14014, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Shu-Juan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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36
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Electroreduction NO to NH3 over single metal atom anchored on pyrrole type defective graphene: A DFT study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Zhou Q, Yan S, Zhang L. Fe-doped MOF-derived N-rich porous carbon nanoframe for H 2 S cataluminescence sensing. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1135-1144. [PMID: 35470541 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal-doped porous carbon matrix composites are considered as outstanding H2 S cataluminescence sensing materials for their good sulfur tolerance and high cataluminescence activity. In this work, Fe-doped MOF-derived N-rich porous carbon nanoframe was successfully fabricated by pyrolysis of Fe-doped ZIF-8 in an Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 900 °C, and used for H2 S cataluminescence sensing. Along with zinc volatilization, the obtained porous carbon nanoframe not only had high specific surface area and abundant voids, but also had well dispersed Fe species doped in the skeleton. Compared with Fe2 O3 /ZnO composites derived from the same precursor but different pyrolysis terms, this as-prepared Fe-doped N-rich porous carbon presented three times increase of cataluminescence intensity towards H2 S, attributing to the porous carbon skeleton which is indispensable for dispersing catalytic active sites and providing more absorptive surface and voids. Comparably, this proposed sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and good selectivity, with the detection range of 1.57-19.58 μg·mL-1 and detection limit as 0.13 μg·mL-1 towards H2 S. This work may provide a new pathway for preparing catalysts for cataluminescence sensing with better metal distribution, higher specific surface area, richer pores than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuguang Yan
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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38
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Mehmood A, Gong M, Jaouen F, Roy A, Zitolo A, Khan A, Sougrati MT, Primbs M, Bonastre AM, Fongalland D, Drazic G, Strasser P, Kucernak A. High loading of single atomic iron sites in Fe–NC oxygen reduction catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Wang Z, Wu F. Emerging Single-Atom Catalysts/Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101682. [PMID: 34729955 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are a type of atomically dispersed nanozymes with the highest atom utilization, which employ low-coordinated single atoms as the catalytically active sites. SACs not only inherit the merits of traditional nanozymes, but also hold high catalytic activity and superb catalytic selectivity, which ensure their tremendous application potential in environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, chemical industry, nanomedicine, etc. Nevertheless, undesired aggregation effect of single atoms during preactivation and reaction processes is significantly enhanced owing to the high surface free energy of single atoms. In this case, appropriate substrates are requisite to prevent the aggregation event through the powerful interactions between the single atoms and the substrates, thereby stabilizing the high catalytic activity of the catalysts. In this review, the synthetic methods and characterization approaches of SACs are first described. Then the application cases of SACs in nanomedicine are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of the SACs in nanomedicine are outlined. It is hoped that this review may have implications for furthering the development of new SACs with improved biophysicochemical properties and broadened biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Fu‐Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University) Ministry of Education 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
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40
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Venegas R, Zúñiga C, Zagal J, Toro A, Marco JF, Menendez N, Muñoz-Becerra K, Recio FJ. Pyrolyzed Fe‐N‐C catalysts templated by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Understanding the role of N‐functions and Fe3C on the ORR activity and mechanism. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - César Zúñiga
- University of Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Santiago de Chile Departamento de Química de los Materiales CHILE
| | - Jose Zagal
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile Departamento de Química de los Materiales CHILE
| | - Alejandro Toro
- Pontifical Catholic University of Chile: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Química Física CHILE
| | - Jose F. Marco
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano: Instituto de Quimica Fisica Rocasolano Sistemas de baja dimensionalidad, superficies y materia condensada SPAIN
| | - Nieves Menendez
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Química Física Aplicada SPAIN
| | - Karina Muñoz-Becerra
- Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada CHILE
| | - Francisco Javier Recio
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - Campus de Cantoblanco: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Química Física Aplicada Calle Tomás y ValienteCampus de Cantoblanco 28040 Madrid SPAIN
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41
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Gao G, Zhang L, Shi Y, Yang S, Wang G, Xu H, Ding D, Chen R, Jin P, Wang XC. Mutual-activation between Zero-Valent iron and graphitic carbon for Cr(VI) Removal: Mechanism and inhibition of inherent Side-reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:588-598. [PMID: 34628318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The low reactivity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) usually limits its application for pollutant remediation. Therefore, a microscopic galvanic cell (mGC) with short-circuited cathode and anode was synthesized to intensify its galvanic corrosion. The prepared mGC exhibited 7.14 times higher Fe(II) release performance than ordinary nanoscale-ZVI (nZVI), rendering efficient Cr(VI) removal performance. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed mutual-activation of the cathode and anode due to close proximity, dramatically enhancing the galvanic corrosion of Fe(0) in mGC. The corrosion potential of mGC was measured as -0.77 V, which was 100 mV more negative than nZVI. The released electrons and surface-bond Fe(II) from anode in mGC was proved to be the dominant reductive species. More importantly, Cr(VI) reduction was slightly inhibited by hydroxyl radicals generated by a series of inherent side-reactions in the system, which could be well eliminated by low concentrations of 4-acetamido phenol. This study provides a promising strategy for ZVI activation, and sheds light on its environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Shengjiong Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Gen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Huining Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Dahu Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academic of Science, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
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42
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Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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43
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Zhang B, Li X, Akiyama K, Bingham PA, Kubuki S. Elucidating the Mechanistic Origin of a Spin State-Dependent FeN x-C Catalyst toward Organic Contaminant Oxidation via Peroxymonosulfate Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1321-1330. [PMID: 34939799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metals on nitrogen-doped carbon matrices have attracted extensive interest in the removal of refractory organic pollutants. However, a thorough exploration of the particular structure for each active site and specific effects of these sites still remains elusive. Herein, an Fe-pyridinic N4 structure in a single-atom catalyst (FeNx-C) was constructed using a facile pyrolysis strategy, and it exhibited superior catalytic activity in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation toward organic contaminant oxidation. The various Fe species and relative amounts of each Fe site in the FeNx-C catalyst were validated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, which showed critical dependencies on the precursor ratio and calcination temperature. The positive correlations between relative content of high-spin state species (FeII and FeIII) and catalytic performance were found to determine the reactive species generation and electron transfer pathway in the FeNx-C/PMS system. Moreover, catalytic performance and theoretical calculation results revealed that FeII-N4 in the high-spin state (S = 2) tends to activate PMS to form sulfate and hydroxyl radicals via a one-electron transfer process, while the FeIII-N4 moiety (S = 5/2) is prone to high-valent iron species generation with lower free energy. Benefiting from finely tuned active sites, a single-atom FeNx-C catalyst achieved favorable applicability in actual wastewater treatment with efficient resistance of the common water matrix. The present work advances the mechanistic understanding of spin state-dependent persulfate activation in single-atom catalysts and provides guidance to design a superior catalyst based on spin state descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Xianquan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kazuhiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Paul A Bingham
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Shiro Kubuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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44
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Li X, Xiang Z. Identifying the impact of the covalent-bonded carbon matrix to FeN 4 sites for acidic oxygen reduction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:57. [PMID: 35013260 PMCID: PMC8748808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomic configurations of FeNx moieties are the key to affect the activity of oxygen rection reaction (ORR). However, the traditional synthesis relying on high-temperature pyrolysis towards combining sources of Fe, N, and C often results in the plurality of local environments for the FeNx sites. Unveiling the effect of carbon matrix adjacent to FeNx sites towards ORR activity is important but still is a great challenge due to inevitable connection of diverse N as well as random defects. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study on the evaluation of covalent-bonded carbon environment connected to FeN4 sites on their catalytic activity via pyrolysis-free approach. Basing on the closed π conjugated phthalocyanine-based intrinsic covalent organic polymers (COPs) with well-designed structures, we directly synthesized a series of atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalysts with various pure carbon environments connected to the same FeN4 sites. Experiments combined with density functional theory demonstrates that the catalytic activities of these COPs materials appear a volcano plot with the increasement of delocalized π electrons in their carbon matrix. The delocalized π electrons changed anti-bonding d-state energy level of the single FeN4 moieties, hence tailored the adsorption between active centers and oxygen intermediates and altered the rate-determining step. Unveiling the effect of carbon matrix adjacent to Fe-N towards oxygen reduction reaction is important yet challenging. Here the authors investigate the carbon environment covalent-connected to FeN4 sites on their catalytic activity using models prepared by pyrolysis-free approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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45
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García Á, Haynes T, Retuerto M, Ferrer P, Pascual L, Peña MA, Abdel Salam M, Mokhtar M, Gianolio D, Rojas S. Effect of the Thermal Treatment of Fe/N/C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Synthesized by Pyrolysis of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:18759-18769. [PMID: 34987274 PMCID: PMC8719314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A nitrogen-containing
covalent organic framework obtained from
the polymerization of 1,3-dicyanobenzene has been used as a starting
material for the synthesis of Fe/N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR). In this work we report the effect of the thermal treatments
on the nature and catalytic properties of the catalysts obtained after
the thermal treatments. After the first thermal treatment, the catalysts
obtained contain metallic iron and iron carbide particles, along with
a minority fraction of inorganic FeNx sites.
After acid leaching and a second thermal treatment, FeNx sites remain in the catalysts, along with a minor
fraction of graphite-wrapped Fe3C particles. Both catalysts
display high activity for the ORR, with the catalyst subjected to
acid leaching and a second thermal treatment, 2HT-1,3DCB, displaying
higher ORR activity and a lower production of H2O2. This observation suggests that iron particles, such as Fe3C, display ORR activity but mainly toward the two-electron pathway.
On the contrary, FeNx ensembles promote
the ORR via the four-electron pathway, that is, via H2O
formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarrick Haynes
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Pascual
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peña
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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46
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Hanana M, Kahlfuss C, Weiss J, Cornut R, Jousselme B, Wytko JA, Campidelli S. ORR activity of metalated phenanthroline-strapped porphyrin adsorbed on carbon nanotubes. CR CHIM 2021. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Gong L, Qiu X, Cheng D, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Yang D, Liu C, Liang L, He F. Coincorporation of N and S into Zero-Valent Iron to Enhance TCE Dechlorination: Kinetics, Electron Efficiency, and Dechlorination Capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16088-16098. [PMID: 34787396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) enhances the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) in contaminated groundwater. Despite numerous studies of S-ZVI, a versatile strategy to improve its dechlorination kinetics, electron efficiency (εe), and dechlorination capacity is still needed. Here, we used heteroatom incorporation of N(C) and S by ball-milling of microscale ZVI with melamine and sulfur via nitridation and sulfidation to synthesize S-N(C)-mZVIbm particles that contain reactive Fe-NX(C) and FeS species. Sulfidation and nitridation synergistically increased the trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination rate, with reaction constants kSA of 2.98 × 10-2 L·h-1·m-2 by S-N(C)-mZVIbm, compared to 1.77 × 10-3 and 8.15 × 10-5 L·h-1·m-2 by S-mZVIbm and N(C)-mZVIbm, respectively. Data show that sulfidation suppressed the reductive dissociation of N(C) from S-N(C)-mZVIbm, which stabilized the reactive Fe-NX(C) and reserved electrons for TCE dechlorination. In addition to lowering H2 production, S-N(C)-mZVIbm dechlorinated TCE to less reduced products (e.g., acetylene), contributing to the material's higher εe and dechlorination capacity. This synergistic effect on TCE degradation can be extended to other recalcitrant CHCs (e.g., chloroform) in both deionized and groundwater. This multiheteroatom incorporation approach to optimize ZVI for groundwater remediation provides a basis for further advances in reactive material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Qiu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zaizhi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qunsen Yuan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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48
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Chandrasekaran S, Zhang C, Shu Y, Wang H, Chen S, Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison T, Liu Y, Karthik N, Misra R, Deng L, Yin P, Ge Y, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zhang P, Bowen C, Han Z. Advanced opportunities and insights on the influence of nitrogen incorporation on the physico-/electro-chemical properties of robust electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Menga D, Low JL, Li YS, Arčon I, Koyutürk B, Wagner F, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Gaberšček M, Paulus B, Fellinger TP. Resolving the Dilemma of Fe-N-C Catalysts by the Selective Synthesis of Tetrapyrrolic Active Sites via an Imprinting Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18010-18019. [PMID: 34689551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combining the abundance and inexpensiveness of their constituent elements with their atomic dispersion, atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalysts represent the most promising alternative to precious-metal-based materials in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Due to the high temperatures involved in their synthesis and the sensitivity of Fe ions toward carbothermal reduction, current synthetic methods are intrinsically limited in type and amount of the desired, catalytically active Fe-N4 sites, and high active site densities have been out of reach (dilemma of Fe-N-C catalysts). We herein identify a paradigm change in the synthesis of Fe-N-C catalysts arising from the developments of other M-N-C single-atom catalysts. Supported by DFT calculations we propose fundamental principles for the synthesis of M-N-C materials. We further exploit the proposed principles in a novel synthetic strategy to surpass the dilemma of Fe-N-C catalysts. The selective formation of tetrapyrrolic Zn-N4 sites in a tailor-made Zn-N-C material is utilized as an active-site imprint for the preparation of a corresponding Fe-N-C catalyst. By successive low- and high-temperature ion exchange reactions, we obtain a phase-pure Fe-N-C catalyst, with a high loading of atomically dispersed Fe (>3 wt %). Moreover, the catalyst is entirely composed of tetrapyrrolic Fe-N4 sites. The density of tetrapyrrolic Fe-N4 sites is more than six times as high as for previously reported tetrapyrrolic single-site Fe-N-C fuel cell catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Menga
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jian Liang Low
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan-Sheng Li
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Iztok Arčon
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.,Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Burak Koyutürk
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich Wagner
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Beate Paulus
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Wang Y, You L, Zhou K. Origin of the N-coordinated single-atom Ni sites in heterogeneous electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction reaction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14065-14073. [PMID: 34760190 PMCID: PMC8565395 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous Ni-N-C single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted great research interest regarding their capability in facilitating the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), with CO accounting for the major product. However, the fundamental nature of their active Ni sites remains controversial, since the typically proposed pyridinic-type Ni configurations are inactive, display low selectivity, and/or possess an unfavorable formation energy. Herein, we present a constant-potential first-principles and microkinetic model to study the CO2RR at a solid-water interface, which shows that the electrode potential is crucial for governing CO2 activation. A formation energy analysis on several NiN x C4-x (x = 1-4) moieties indicates that the predominant Ni moieties of Ni-N-C SACs are expected to have a formula of NiN4. After determining the potential-dependent thermodynamic and kinetic energy of these Ni moieties, we discover that the energetically favorable pyrrolic-type NiN4 moiety displays high activity for facilitating the selective CO2RR over the competing H2 evolution. Moreover, model polarization curves and Tafel analysis results exhibit reasonable agreement with existing experimental data. This work highlights the intrinsic tetrapyrrolic coordination of Ni for facilitating the CO2RR and offers practical guidance for the rational improvement of SACs, and this model can be expanded to explore mechanisms of other electrocatalysis in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 CleanTech Loop Singapore 637141 Singapore
| | - Liming You
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 CleanTech Loop Singapore 637141 Singapore
| | - Kun Zhou
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 CleanTech Loop Singapore 637141 Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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