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Park SG, Lee HB, Kang S. Development of plug-and-deliverable intracellular protein delivery platforms based on botulinum neurotoxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129622. [PMID: 38266854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular protein delivery systems have great potential in the fields of therapeutics development and biomedical research. However, targeted delivery, passing through the cell membrane without damaging the cells, and escaping from endosomal entrapment of endocytosed molecular cargos are major challenges of the system. Here, we present a novel intracellular protein delivery system based on modularly engineered botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). LHNA domain, consisting of light chain and endosomal escape machinery of BoNT/A, was genetically fused with SpyCatcher (SC) and EGFR targeting affibody (EGFRAfb) to create SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb, a target-specific and protein cargo-switchable BoNT/A-based intracellular protein delivery platform. SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb was purely purified in large quantities, efficiently ligated with multiple ST-fused protein cargos individually, generating a variety of protein cargo-containing intracellular delivery complexes, and successfully delivered ligated protein cargos into the cytosol of target cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by endosomal escape and subsequent cytosolic delivery. SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb enhanced intracellular delivery efficiency of protein toxin, gelonin, by approximately 100-fold, highlighting the crucial roles of EGFRAfb and LHNA domain as a targeting ligand and an endosomal escape machinery, respectively, in the delivery process. The BoNT-based plug-and-deliverable intracellular protein delivery system has the potential to expand its applications in protein therapeutics and manipulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Sun H, Zhan M, Karpus A, Zou Y, Li J, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Shi X, Shen M. Bioactive Phosphorus Dendrimers as a Universal Protein Delivery System for Enhanced Anti-inflammation Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2195-2209. [PMID: 38194222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarrier-based cytoplasmic protein delivery offers opportunities to develop protein therapeutics; however, many delivery systems are positively charged, causing severe toxic effects. For enhanced therapeutics, it is also of great importance to design nanocarriers with intrinsic bioactivity that can be integrated with protein drugs due to the limited bioactivity of proteins alone for disease treatment. We report here a protein delivery system based on anionic phosphite-terminated phosphorus dendrimers with intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity. A phosphorus dendrimer termed AK-137 with optimized anti-inflammatory activity was selected to complex proteins through various physical interactions. Model proteins such as bovine serum albumin, ribonuclease A, ovalbumin, and fibronectin (FN) can be transfected into cells to exert their respective functions, including cancer cell apoptosis, dendritic cell maturation, or macrophage immunomodulation. Particularly, the constructed AK-137@FN nanocomplexes display powerful therapeutic effects in acute lung injury and acute gout arthritis models by integrating the anti-inflammatory activity of both the carrier and protein. The developed anionic phosphite-terminated phosphorus dendrimers may be employed as a universal carrier for protein delivery and particularly utilized to deliver proteins and fight different inflammatory diseases with enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Andrii Karpus
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yu Zou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Serge Mignani
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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3
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Graceffa V. Intracellular protein delivery: New insights into the therapeutic applications and emerging technologies. Biochimie 2023; 213:82-99. [PMID: 37209808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The inability to cross the plasma membranes traditionally limited the therapeutic use of recombinant proteins. However, in the last two decades, novel technologies made delivering proteins inside the cells possible. This allowed researchers to unlock intracellular targets, once considered 'undruggable', bringing a new research area to emerge. Protein transfection systems display a large potential in a plethora of applications. However, their modality of action is often unclear, and cytotoxic effects are elevated, whereas experimental conditions to increase transfection efficacy and cell viability still need to be identified. Furthermore, technical complexity often limits in vivo experimentation, while challenging industrial and clinical translation. This review highlights the applications of protein transfection technologies, and then critically discuss the current methodologies and their limitations. Physical membrane perforation systems are compared to systems exploiting cellular endocytosis. Research evidence of the existence of either extracellular vesicles (EVs) or cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs)- based systems, that circumvent the endosomal systems is critically analysed. Commercial systems, novel solid-phase reverse protein transfection systems, and engineered living intracellular bacteria-based mechanisms are finally described. This review ultimately aims at finding new methodologies and possible applications of protein transfection systems, while helping the development of an evidence-based research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Sligo, Ireland.
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4
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Kim HS, Bae JH, Kim G, Song JJ, Kim HS. Construction and Functionalization of a Clathrin Assembly for a Targeted Protein Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204620. [PMID: 36456203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein assemblies have drawn much attention as platforms for biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery and vaccine, due to biocompatibility and functional diversity. Here, the construction and functionalization of a protein assembly composed of human clathrin heavy chain and light chain for a targeted protein delivery, is presented. The clathrin heavy and light chains are redesigned and associated with each other, and the resulting triskelion unit further self-assembled into a clathrin assembly with the size of about 28 nm in diameter. The clathrin assembly is dual-functionalized with a protein cargo and a targeting moiety using two different orthogonal protein-ligand pairs through one-pot reaction. The functionalized clathrin assembly exhibits about a 900-fold decreased KD value for a cell-surface target due to avidity compared to a native targeting moiety. The utility of the clathrin assembly is demonstrated by an efficient delivery of a protein cargo into tumor cells in a target-specific manner, resulting in a strong cytotoxic effect. The present approach can be used in the creation of protein assemblies with multimodality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Panchal SS, Vasava DV. Synthetic biodegradable polymeric materials in non-viral gene delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi S. Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Ding GB, Zhu C, Wang Q, Cao H, Li BC, Yang P, Stauber RH, Nie G, Li Z. Molecularly engineered tumor acidity-responsive plant toxin gelonin for safe and efficient cancer therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:42-55. [PMID: 35387163 PMCID: PMC8961304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy and inexorable side effects of small molecule antineoplastic agents, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of more potent macromolecular agents with high specificity. Gelonin is a plant-derived protein toxin that exhibits robust antitumor effect via inactivating ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. Nonetheless, its poor internalization ability to tumor cells has compromised the therapeutic promise of gelonin. In this study, a tumor acidity-responsive intracellular protein delivery system ─ functional gelonin (Trx-pHLIP-Gelonin, TpG) composed of a thioredoxin (Trx) tag, a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) and gelonin, was designed and obtained by genetic recombination technique for the first time. TpG could effectively enter into tumor cells under weakly acidic conditions and markedly suppress tumor cell proliferation via triggering cell apoptosis and inhibiting protein synthesis. Most importantly, treatment by intravenous injection into subcutaneous SKOV3 solid tumors in a mouse model showed that TpG was much more effective than gelonin in curtailing tumor growth rates with negligible toxicity. Collectively, our present work suggests that the tumor acidity-targeted delivery manner endowed by pHLIP offers a new avenue for efficient delivery of other bioactive substances to acidic diseased tissues. A pH-responsive gelonin delivery platform — TpG was molecularly engineered. TpG exhibited good thermal stability and excellent serum stability. TpG enabled an efficient intracellular translocation of gelonin at pH 6.5. TpG exerted pronounced anti-proliferative effect via inducing massive apoptosis. TpG significantly delayed tumor growth with favorable in vivo biosafety profile.
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Bae J, Kim H, Kim G, Song J, Kim H. Dendrimer-Like Supramolecular Assembly of Proteins with a Tunable Size and Valency Through Stepwise Iterative Growth. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102991. [PMID: 34719882 PMCID: PMC8693032 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of proteins in a programmable manner provides insight into the creation of novel functional nanomaterials for practical applications. Despite many advances, however, a rational protein assembly with an easy scalability in terms of size and valency remains a challenge. Here, a simple bottom-up approach to the supramolecular protein assembly with a tunable size and valency in a programmable manner is presented. The dendrimer-like protein assembly, simply called a "protein dendrimer," is constructed through a stepwise and alternate addition of a building block protein. Starting from zeroth-generation protein dendrimer (pG0 ) of 27 kDa, the protein dendrimer is sequentially grown to pG1 , pG2 , pG3 , to pG4 with a molecular mass of 94, 216, 483, and 959 kDa, respectively. The valency of the protein dendrimers at the periphery increases by a factor of two after each generation, allowing a tunable valency and easy functionalization. The protein dendrimers functionalizes with a targeting moiety and a cytotoxic protein cargo shows a typical feature of multi-valency in the avidity and a highly enhanced cellular cytotoxicity, exemplifying their utility as a protein delivery platform. The present approach can be effectively used in the creation of protein architectures with new functions for biotechnological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Ho Bae
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Korea
- Present address:
ProEn TherapeuticsSeongnam‐si13105Korea
| | - Hong‐Sik Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Korea
| | - Ji‐Joon Song
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Korea
| | - Hak‐Sung Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Korea
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8
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Jia X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Fu Y. Highly Efficient Method for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins Mediated by Cholera Toxin-Induced Protein Internalization. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4067-4078. [PMID: 34672633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of functional proteins into cells may help us understand how specific protein influences cell behavior as well as treat diseases caused by protein deficiency or loss-of-function mutations. However, protein cannot enter cells by diffusion. In this work, a novel cell biology tool for delivering recombinant proteins into mammalian cells was developed. We hijacked the intracellular transport routes used by the cholera toxin and took advantage of recent development on split intein that is compatible with denatured conditions and shows an exceptional splicing activity to deliver a protein of interest into mammalian cells. Here, we used green fluorescent protein and apoptin as proofs-of-concept. The results demonstrate that the cholera toxin B subunit alone could deliver other recombinant proteins into cells through either covalent conjugation or noncovalent interaction. Our method offers more than 10-fold better delivery efficiency than the tat cell-penetrating peptide and is selective for ganglioside-rich cells. This study adds a useful tool to the receptor-mediated intracellular targeting toolkit and opens possibility for the selective delivery of therapeutic proteins into ganglioside-rich cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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9
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Huang W, Zhou S, Tang B, Xu H, Wu X, Li N, Zan X, Geng W. Efficient delivery of cytosolic proteins by protein-hexahistidine-metal co-assemblies. Acta Biomater 2021; 129:199-208. [PMID: 33991683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play key roles in most biological processes, and protein dysfunction can cause various diseases. Over the past few decades, tremendous development has occurred in the protein therapeutic market due to the high specificity, low side effects, and low risk of proteins. Currently, all protein drugs on the market are based on extracellular targeting; more than 70% of intracellular targets remain un-druggable. Efficient delivery of cytosolic proteins is of significance for protein drugs, advanced biotechnology and molecular cell biology. Herein, we developed a co-assembly strategy for protein-hexahistidine-metal for intracellular protein delivery. Based on the coordinative interaction between His6 and metal ions, various proteins were encapsulated in situ into nanosized and positively charged protein encapsulation particles(Protein@HmA) through a co-assembly process with a high loading capacity and loading efficiency. Protein@HmA was able to deliver proteins with diverse physicochemical properties through multiple endocytosis pathways, and the protein could quickly escape from endosomes. In addition, the bioactivity of the loaded protein during co-assembly and the intracellular delivery processes were well preserved and could be properly exerted inside cells. Our results demonstrate that this strategy should be a valuable platform for protein delivery and has huge potential in protein-based theranostics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracellular targets with protein drugs may provide a new way for the treatment of many refractory disease. Herein, we developed a co-assembly strategy for protein-hexahistidine-metal for efficient intracellular protein delivery. Based on the coordinative interaction between His6 and metal ions, various proteins were encapsulated in situ into nanosized and positively charged particles (Protein@HmA) with a high loading efficiency. Protein@HmA was able to deliver different proteins through multiple endocytosis pathways, and the protein could quickly escape from endosomes. In addition, the bioactivity of the loaded protein during co-assembly and the intracellular delivery processes were well preserved and could be properly exerted inside cells. This strategy should be a valuable platform for protein delivery and has huge potential in protein-based theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Huang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province 317000, PR China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China
| | - Bojiao Tang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325001, PR China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325001, PR China.
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China.
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Sohn YK, Kim HS. Targeted delivery of a human Bcl-2-specific protein binder effectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:447-452. [PMID: 32228885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are critical switches to control cell death and survival, and Bcl-2 is a key regulator in pro-survival signaling, causing various diseases including cancers. Bcl-2 has drawn a considerable attention as a potential target for developing a pro-apoptotic agent for cancers. We here present the development of a specific protein binder against human Bcl-2 and its cytosolic delivery to effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. The protein binder composed of leucine-rich repeat modules was selected for human Bcl-2, and its binding affinity was increased up to 60 nM through a modular evolution-based approach. The protein binder was efficiently delivered into cancer cells by an intracellular delivery system using a translocation domain from a bacterial exotoxin, resulting in a strong suppression of anti-apoptotic signaling in cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that the human Bcl-2-specific protein binder can act as a potent therapeutic agent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
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Lv J, Fan Q, Wang H, Cheng Y. Polymers for cytosolic protein delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Park M, Xu X, Min W, Sugiman-Marangos SN, Beilhartz GL, Adams JJ, Sidhu SS, Grunebaum E, Melnyk RA. Intracellular Delivery of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase by Engineered Diphtheria Toxin Rescues Function in Target Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5217-5226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jarret J. Adams
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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